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Zou C, Lv Y, Lu M, Li X, Zhang L, Yang L, Liu Z, Ke Y, Song G, Ye J. Regioselective and diastereodivergent organocatalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00371b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective and diastereodivergent γ-position asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition (AVMA) of cyclohex-2-enones to nitroalkenes and γ′-AVMA between cyclohex-3-enones and nitroalkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Zou
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemistry Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yanting Lv
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Lu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering. East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gonghua Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemistry Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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2
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Golec JC, Carter EM, Ward JW, Whittingham WG, Simón L, Paton RS, Dixon DJ. BIMP-Catalyzed 1,3-Prototropic Shift for the Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Conjugated Cyclohexenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17417-17422. [PMID: 32558981 PMCID: PMC7540019 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional iminophosphorane (BIMP)-catalysed enantioselective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated cyclohexenones through a facially selective 1,3-prototropic shift of β,γ-unsaturated prochiral isomers, under mild reaction conditions and in short reaction times, on a range of structurally diverse substrates, is reported. α,β-Unsaturated cyclohexenone products primed for downstream derivatisation were obtained in high yields (up to 99 %) and consistently high enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). Computational studies into the reaction mechanism and origins of enantioselectivity, including multivariate linear regression of TS energy, were carried out and the obtained data were found to be in good agreement with experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Golec
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Eve M. Carter
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - John W. Ward
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials DesignThe Materials Innovation FactoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | | | - Luis Simón
- Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad de SalamancaPlaza de los Caídos 1–537008SalamancaSpain
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Department of ChemistryColorado State University1301 Center AveFt. CollinsCO80523-1872USA
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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3
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Golec JC, Carter EM, Ward JW, Whittingham WG, Simón L, Paton RS, Dixon DJ. BIMP‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Prototropic Shift for the Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Conjugated Cyclohexenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Golec
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Eve M. Carter
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - John W. Ward
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design The Materials Innovation Factory Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | | | - Luis Simón
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Salamanca Plaza de los Caídos 1–5 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University 1301 Center Ave Ft. Collins CO 80523-1872 USA
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Lee JH, Deng L. Asymmetric approach toward chiral cyclohex-2-enones from anisoles via an enantioselective isomerization by a new chiral diamine catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18209-12. [PMID: 23043531 PMCID: PMC3492513 DOI: 10.1021/ja308623n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A 3-step asymmetric approach toward the optically active chiral cyclohex-2-enones from anisoles has been developed. The crucial asymmetric induction step is an unprecedented catalytic enantioselective isomerization of β,γ-unsaturated cyclohex-3-en-1-ones to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated chiral enones. This new asymmetric transformation was realized by cooperative iminium-base catalysis with an electronically tunable new organic catalyst. The synthetic utility of this methodology is highlighted by the enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-isoacanthodoral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
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5
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Acevedo O. Role of water in the multifaceted catalytic antibody 4B2 for allylic isomerization and Kemp elimination reactions. J Phys Chem B 2010; 113:15372-81. [PMID: 19860435 DOI: 10.1021/jp9069114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Specificity toward a single reaction is a well-known characteristic of catalytic antibodies. However, contrary to convention, catalytic antibody 4B2 possesses the ability to efficiently catalyze two unrelated reactions: a Kemp elimination and an allylic isomerization of a beta,gamma-unsaturated ketone. To elucidate how this multifaceted antibody operates, mixed quantum and molecular mechanics calculations coupled to Monte Carlo simulations were carried out. The antibody was determined to derive its adaptability for the mechanistically different reactions through the rearrangement of water molecules in the active site into advantageous geometric orientations for enhanced electrostatic stabilization. In the case of the Kemp elimination, a general base, Glu L34, carried out the proton abstraction from the isoxazole ring of 5-nitro-benzisoxazole while water molecules delivered specific stabilization at the transition state. The role of water was found to be more pronounced in the allylic isomerization because the solvent actively participated in the stepwise mechanism. A rate-limiting abstraction of the alpha-proton from the beta,gamma-unsaturated ketone via Glu L34 led to the formation of a neutral dienol intermediate, which was rapidly reprotonated at the gamma-position via a solvent hydronium ion. Preferential channeling of H(3)O(+) in the active site ensured a stereoselective proton exchange from the alpha- to the gamma-position, in good agreement with deuterium exchange NMR and HPLC experiments. Ideas for improved water-mediated catalytic antibody designs are presented. In a technical advancement, improvements to a recent polynomial fitting and integration technique utilizing free energy perturbation theory delivered greater accuracy and speed gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Acevedo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Abstract
The development of antibody catalysts and indeed natural antibody responses has in the past been based on non-covalent binding to antigens. In contrast to this, reactive immunization utilizes reactive immunogens that covalently react with antibodies during the course of their induction through a designed chemical transformation. The inducing chemical transformation is designed to become part of the catalytic mechanism when the antibody is subsequently challenged with substrate molecules. Reactive immunization has proven to be an efficient approach to generating highly proficient catalytic antibodies with unusually broad substrate scope. This review describes catalytic antibodies generated by reactive immunization, their features and applications, as well as in vitro selection of catalytic antibodies based on reactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Tanaka
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Nicholas KM, Wentworth P, Harwig CW, Wentworth AD, Shafton A, Janda KD. A cofactor approach to copper-dependent catalytic antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:2648-53. [PMID: 11880619 PMCID: PMC122402 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.052001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2001] [Accepted: 01/02/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A strategy for the preparation of semisynthetic copper(II)-based catalytic metalloproteins is described in which a metal-binding bis-imidazole cofactor is incorporated into the combining site of the aldolase antibody 38C2. Antibody 38C2 features a large hydrophobic-combining site pocket with a highly nucleophilic lysine residue, Lys(H93), that can be covalently modified. A comparison of several lactone and anhydride reagents shows that the latter are the most effective and general derivatizing agents for the 38C2 Lys residue. A bis-imidazole anhydride (5) was efficiently prepared from N-methyl imidazole. The 38C2-5-Cu conjugate was prepared by either (i) initial derivatization of 38C2 with 5 followed by metallation with CuCl2, or (ii) precoordination of 5 with CuCl2 followed by conjugation with 38C2. The resulting 38C2-5-Cu conjugate was an active catalyst for the hydrolysis of the coordinating picolinate ester 11, following Michaelis-Menten kinetics [kcat(11) = 2.3 min(-1) and Km(11) 2.2 mM] with a rate enhancement [kcat(11)k(uncat)(11)] of 2.1 x 10(5). Comparison of the second-order rate constants of the modified 38C2 and the Cu(II)-bis-imidazolyl complex k(6-CuCl2) gives a rate enhancement of 3.5 x 10(4) in favor of the antibody complex with an effective molarity of 76.7 M, revealing a significant catalytic benefit to the binding of the bis-imidazolyl ligand into 38C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Nicholas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Subauste MC, List B, Guan X, Hahn KM, Lerner R, Gilula NB. A catalytic antibody produces fluorescent tracers of gap junction communication in living cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:49164-8. [PMID: 11606573 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibody 38C2 efficiently catalyzed a retro-Michael reaction to convert a novel, cell-permeable fluorogenic substrate into fluorescein within living cells. In vitro, the antibody converted the substrate to fluorescein with a k(cat) of 1.7 x 10(-5) s(-1) and a catalytic proficiency (k(cat)/k(uncat)K(m)) of 1.4 x 10(10) m(-1) (K(m) = 7 microm). For hybridoma cells expressing antibody or Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells injected with antibody, incubation of the substrate in the extracellular medium resulted in bright intracellular fluorescence distinguishable from autofluorescence or noncatalyzed conversion of substrate. CHO cells loaded with antibody were 12 times brighter than control cells, and more than 85% of injected cells became fluorescent. The fluorescein produced by the antibody traveled into neighboring cells through gap junctions, as demonstrated by blocking dye transfer using the gap junction inhibitor oleamide. The presence of functional gap junctions in CHO cells was confirmed through oleamide inhibition of lucifer yellow transfer. These studies demonstrate the utility of the intracellular antibody reaction, which could generate tracer dyes in specific cells within complex multicellular environments simply by bathing the system in substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Subauste
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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James LC, Tawfik DS. Catalytic and binding poly-reactivities shared by two unrelated proteins: The potential role of promiscuity in enzyme evolution. Protein Sci 2001; 10:2600-7. [PMID: 11714928 PMCID: PMC2374036 DOI: 10.1110/ps.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that enzymes evolved via gene duplication of existing proteins. But duplicated genes can serve as a starting point for the evolution of a new function only if the protein they encode happens to exhibit some activity towards this new function. Although the importance of such catalytic promiscuity in enzyme evolution has been proposed, little is actually known regarding how common promiscuous catalytic activities are in proteins or their origins, magnitudes, and potential contribution to the survival of an organism. Here we describe a pattern of promiscuous activities in two completely unrelated proteins-serum albumins and a catalytic antibody (aldolase antibody 38C2). Despite considerable structural dissimilarities-in the shape of the cavities and the position of catalytic lysine residues-both active sites are able to catalyze the Kemp elimination, a model reaction for proton transfer from carbon. We also show that these different active sites can bind promiscuously an array of hydrophobic negatively charged ligands. We suggest that the basic active-site features of an apolar pocket and a lysine residue can act as a primitive active site allowing these promiscuous activities to take place. We also describe, by modelling product formation at different substrate concentrations, how promiscuous activities of this kind- inefficient and rudimentary as they are-can provide a considerable selective advantage and a starting point for the evolution of new functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C James
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Cambridge CB2 2HQ, United Kingdom
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11
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Golinelli-Pimpaneau B, Goncalves O, Dintinger T, Blanchard D, Knossow M, Tellier C. Structural evidence for a programmed general base in the active site of a catalytic antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:9892-5. [PMID: 10963661 PMCID: PMC27617 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.18.9892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2000] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of the complex of a catalytic antibody with its cationic hapten at 1.9-A resolution demonstrates that the hapten amidinium group is stabilized through an ionic pair interaction with the carboxylate of a combining-site residue. The location of this carboxylate allows it to act as a general base in an allylic rearrangement. When compared with structures of other antibody complexes in which the positive moiety of the hapten is stabilized mostly by cation-pi interactions, this structure shows that the amidinium moiety is a useful candidate to elicit a carboxylate in an antibody combining site at a predetermined location with respect to the hapten. More generally, this structure highlights the advantage of a bidentate hapten for the programmed positioning of a chemically reactive residue in an antibody through charge complementarity to the hapten.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Golinelli-Pimpaneau
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bâtiment 34, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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12
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Gonçalves O, Dintinger T, Lebreton J, Blanchard D, Tellier C. Mechanism of an antibody-catalysed allylic isomerization. Biochem J 2000; 346 Pt 3:691-8. [PMID: 10698695 PMCID: PMC1220901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic antibody 4B2, which was generated against a substituted amidine 1, catalyses the allylic isomerization of beta, gamma-unsaturated ketones with an acceleration factor (k(cat)/k(uncat)) of 1.5x10(3). On the basis of the 'bait and switch' strategy, it was reasoned that the positively charged hapten could elicit, by charge complementarity, an acidic residue (Asp or Glu) in the antibody-binding site in the right position to catalyse this proton transfer reaction. The pH dependence curve of k(cat)/K(m) shows a bell-shaped feature with an optimum at approx. pH 4.5. By cloning and sequencing the light and heavy chains of the 4B2 antibody, we confirmed the presence of several Asp and Glu residues in the complementarity-determining region loops. The antibody catalyses the alpha-proton exchange on the same substrates, demonstrating the involvement of a dienol intermediate in the reaction mechanism. Kinetic studies with (2)H-NMR provide evidence that alpha-proton abstraction is stereospecific. Whether the process involves one or two acid/base residues in this simple proton transfer or whether it is a concerted mechanism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gonçalves
- UPRES no. 2161 'Biocatalyse', Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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