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Sepe M, Festa L, Tolino F, Bellucci L, Sisto L, Alfano D, Ragno P, Calabrò V, de Franciscis V, La Mantia G, Pollice A. A regulatory mechanism involving TBP-1/Tat-Binding Protein 1 and Akt/PKB in the control of cell proliferation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22800. [PMID: 21991300 PMCID: PMC3186787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TBP-1 /Tat-Binding Protein 1 (also named Rpt-5, S6a or PSMC3) is a multifunctional protein, originally identified as a regulator of HIV-1-Tat mediated transcription. It is an AAA-ATPase component of the 19S regulative subunit of the proteasome and, as other members of this protein family, fulfils different cellular functions including proteolysis and transcriptional regulation. We and others reported that over expression of TBP-1 diminishes cell proliferation in different cellular contexts with mechanisms yet to be defined. Accordingly, we demonstrated that TBP-1 binds to and stabilizes the p14ARF oncosuppressor increasing its anti-oncogenic functions. However, TBP-1 restrains cell proliferation also in the absence of ARF, raising the question of what are the molecular pathways involved. Herein we demonstrate that stable knock-down of TBP-1 in human immortalized fibroblasts increases cell proliferation, migration and resistance to apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. We observe that TBP-1 silencing causes activation of the Akt/PKB kinase and that in turn TBP-1, itself, is a downstream target of Akt/PKB. Moreover, MDM2, a known Akt target, plays a major role in this regulation. Altogether, our data suggest the existence of a negative feedback loop involving Akt/PKB that might act as a sensor to modulate TBP-1 levels in proliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sepe
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Pakay JL, Diesch J, Gilan O, Yip YY, Sayan E, Kolch W, Mariadason JM, Hannan RD, Tulchinsky E, Dhillon AS. A 19S proteasomal subunit cooperates with an ERK MAPK-regulated degron to regulate accumulation of Fra-1 in tumour cells. Oncogene 2011; 31:1817-24. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Meade JD, Cho YJ, Shester BR, Walden JC, Guo Z, Liang P. Automated fluorescent differential display for cancer gene profiling. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 576:99-133. [PMID: 19882260 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-545-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Since its invention in 1992, differential display (DD) has become the most commonly used technique for identifying differentially expressed genes because of its many advantages over competing technologies such as DNA microarray, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), and subtractive hybridization. A large number of these publications have been in the field of cancer, specifically on p53 target genes. Despite the great impact of the method on biomedical research, there had been a lack of automation of DD technology to increase its throughput and accuracy for systematic gene expression analysis. Many previous DD work has taken a "shotgun" approach of identifying one gene at a time, with a limited number of polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) set up manually, giving DD a low-tech and low-throughput image. We have optimized the DD process with a platform that incorporates fluorescent digital readout, automated liquid handling, and large-format gels capable of running entire 96-well plates. The resulting streamlined fluorescent DD (FDD) technology offers an unprecedented accuracy, sensitivity, and throughput in comprehensive and quantitative analysis of gene expression. These major improvements will allow researchers to find differentially expressed genes of interest, both known and novel, quickly and easily.
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Pollice A, Vivo M, La Mantia G. The promiscuity of ARF interactions with the proteasome. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:3257-62. [PMID: 18805416 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor ARF is one of the most important oncogenic stress sensors in mammalian cells. Its effect is exerted through the interaction with different cellular partners, often resulting in their functional inactivation. This review focuses on the role played by the proteasome in ARF regulation of protein turnover and the function of most of its interacting partners. Specific proteasome components appear to be involved in the regulation of ARF turnover, bringing to light a complex network of interactions between ARF and the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pollice
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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5
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Baxevanis CN. Antibody-based cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2008; 3:441-52. [PMID: 23489099 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.4.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical efficacy of mAbs is generally ascribed to interference with signaling pathways leading to arrest of cell-cycle progression and inhibition of tumor growth. Furthermore, mAbs also have the capacity to activate effector functions of the innate immune system and facilitate the destruction of malignant cells. OBJECTIVES The induction of tumor-specific immunity is a desired outcome in cancer immunotherapy. The prevailing situation raises one major question that has to be addressed. This is the clear need for the induction of tumor-specific immunity by combining mAb treatment with other modalities of cancer immunotherapy. METHODS Through mAb treatment, recent efforts focus at initiating or enhancing active antitumor immune responses by i) potentiating co-stimulation and blocking co-inhibition; and ii) rendering tumors more immunogenic through increased tumor peptide expression. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS In this review, the functional characteristics of mAbs, together with their mechanisms of action and clinical application, is summarized as is the potential of combination immunotherapies using mAbs for the augmentation of adaptive antitumor immunity. The results from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that mAbs can also promote tumor-specific active immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin N Baxevanis
- St. Savas Cancer Hospital, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, 171 Alexandras Ave, 11522 Athens, Greece +30 210 6409380 ;
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Pollice A, Sepe M, Villella VR, Tolino F, Vivo M, Calabrò V, La Mantia G. TBP-1 protects the human oncosuppressor p14ARF from proteasomal degradation. Oncogene 2007; 26:5154-62. [PMID: 17334400 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The p14ARF tumor suppressor is a key regulator of cellular proliferation, frequently inactivated in human cancer. The mechanisms that regulate alternative reading frame (ARF) turnover have been obscure for long time, being ARF a relatively stable protein. Recently, it has been described that its degradation depends, at least in part, on the proteasome and that it can be subjected to N-terminal ubiquitination. We have previously reported that ARF protein levels are regulated by TBP-1 (Tat-Binding Protein 1), a multifunctional protein, component of the regulatory subunit of the proteasome, involved in different cellular processes. Here we demonstrate that the stabilization effect exerted by TBP-1 requires an intact N-terminal 39 amino acids in ARF and occurs independently from N-terminal ubiquitination of the protein. Furthermore, we observed that ARF can be degraded in vitro by the 20S proteasome, in the absence of ubiquitination and this effect can be counteracted by TBP-1. These observations seem relevant in the comprehension of the regulation of ARF metabolism as, among the plethora of cellular ARF's interactors already identified, only NPM/B23 and TBP-1 appear to be involved in the control of ARF intracellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pollice
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Wang Q, Greene MI. EGFR enhances Survivin expression through the phosphoinositide 3 (PI-3) kinase signaling pathway. Exp Mol Pathol 2005; 79:100-7. [PMID: 15975575 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases includes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p185/neu/c-erbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4. Many of these receptors are overexpressed or amplified in various forms of cancers. Previous studies have indicated that activation of erbB molecules contributes to malignant transformation both by promoting cell proliferation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) signaling pathway and by preventing apoptosis through the Phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI-3 kinase) pathway. Disabling erbB receptors converts malignant cells that were resistant to cell death caused by irradiation to cells that are sensitive to apoptosis. Here, we report that an activated form of EGFR can elevate the levels of Survivin, a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) family implicated in mitotic checkpoint control. Conversely, inactivation of the ErbB receptors reduces the expression levels of Survivin. Furthermore, we found that upregulation of Survivin by EGFR is dependent on the PI-3 kinase pathway but not on the MAP kinase pathway. Indeed, inhibition of PI-3 kinase can diminish Survivin at both the mRNA and the protein levels. Combined with previous findings that Survivin plays a role in control of chromosome segregation and that it is overexpressed in various cancers, our results suggest that EGFR may cause transformation by directly affecting mitosis and increasing chromosome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Spadaro M, Lanzardo S, Curcio C, Forni G, Cavallo F. Immunological inhibition of carcinogenesis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2004; 53:204-16. [PMID: 14722672 PMCID: PMC11032997 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-003-0483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Accepted: 10/24/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The combination of new information provided by fundamental immunology, along with the refinement of genetic engineering techniques has given scientists the capacity to produce vaccines able to inhibit the growth of most if not every transplantable tumor. However, when faced with already established tumors, vaccines fail to afford any significant protection. Many studies are underway which seek to overcome this gloomy situation. However, another possibility is to follow the indications provided by a large quantity of experimental data and to evaluate the possibility of using immunotherapy to prevent the initial stages of tumor growth. Is it possible to prevent an autologous tumor by means of a vaccination performed before tumor onset? Could antitumor vaccines be a new form of preventive medicine in the wake of Jenner, Pasteur, and other pioneers? In this paper it is our intention to review the results obtained by our laboratory in the attempt to use natural and adaptive immunity in the control of carcinogenesis. Natural immunity boosted by IL-12 and IL-2 significantly hampers the progression of mammary lesions occurring in HER-2/neu transgenic mice genetically predestined to develop lethal mammary carcinomas. Specific immunity elicited by DNA vaccination provides a much stronger inhibition of the development of mammary lesions, and a significant number of transgenic mice are tumor free at 1 year of age. These experimental data suggest the possibility of using immunity as a means of controlling preneoplastic lesions and protecting healthy persons at risk of developing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Spadaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, I-10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Stefania Lanzardo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, I-10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Claudia Curcio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, I-10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Guido Forni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, I-10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, I-10043 Orbassano, Italy
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Pollice A, Nasti V, Ronca R, Vivo M, Lo Iacono M, Calogero R, Calabrò V, La Mantia G. Functional and physical interaction of the human ARF tumor suppressor with Tat-binding protein-1. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:6345-53. [PMID: 14665636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m310957200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The p14ARF tumor suppressor is a key regulator of cellular proliferation, frequently inactivated in human cancer, whose mode of action is currently not completely understood. We report here that the so-called human immunodeficiency virus Tat-binding protein-1 (TBP-1), a component of the 19 S regulatory subunit of the proteasome 26 S, also involved in transcriptional regulation and with a supposed role in the control of cell proliferation, specifically interacts with ARF, both in yeast and mammalian cells. We present evidence that the overexpression of TBP-1 in various cell lines results in a sharp increase of both transfected and endogenous ARF protein levels. Moreover, this effect depends on the binding between the two proteins and, at least in part, is exerted at the post-translational level. We also show that the ARF increase following TBP-1 overexpression results in an increase in p53 protein levels and activity. Finally, our data underline a clear involvement of TBP-1 in the control of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pollice
- Department of Genetics, General and Molecular Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liang
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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Uemura M, Nouso K, Kobayashi Y, Tanaka H, Nakamura SI, Higashi T, Ono T, Nakayama E, Hanafusa T, Shiratori Y. Identification of the antigens predominantly reacted with serum from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 2003; 97:2474-9. [PMID: 12733146 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify antigens specifically recognized by the immune surveillance system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the authors examined two complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries of moderately differentiated HCC by serologic analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries (SEREX). METHODS The libraries were screened with autologous patients' sera, and sequences of the reacted clones were determined. To study the immunoreactivity of the antigens, sera from 20 patients with HCC, from 20 healthy volunteers, and from 16 patients with chronic viral hepatitis were examined. RESULTS Twenty-seven antigens were identified. They included SART1, p57Kip2, ROCK-1, gamma-catenin, and heat shock proteins, which are classified as tumor-associated genes. Three of 27 antigens-Tat-binding protein-1 (TBP-1), beta4 integrin-binding protein (p27[BBP]), and ribosomal protein L30 (rpL30)-were reacted predominantly with sera from patients with HCC (55% of patients, 45% of patients, and 20% of patients, respectively). Patients in the control group had no antibodies against these three antigens. Seventy percent of patients with HCC had the antibody against at least one of these antigens. CONCLUSIONS Disease specific humoral immune response against TBP-1, p27(BBP), and rpL30 was induced in patients with HCC, and the antibodies against these antigens also may be used as tumor markers.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Female
- Gene Library
- Hepatitis B/genetics
- Hepatitis B/immunology
- Hepatitis C/genetics
- Hepatitis C/immunology
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/genetics
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/immunology
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Male
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Uemura
- Department of Medicine and Medical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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Abstract
The HBV X protein (HBx) is implicated in infection and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. HBx has a pleiotropic effect on cells, suggesting multiple targets in the virus-host cell interaction. We employed the cytoplasmic-based two-hybrid screen and identified the HIV Tat-binding protein 1 (Tbp1) as a novel HBx interacting protein. Tbp1 interacts in vivo with HBx both in yeast and in animal cells. This interaction maps to the functionally important ATP-binding motif of Tbp1. Furthermore, HBx and Tbp1 interaction is functionally significant and regulates HBV transcription. Tbp1 homologues, such as Sug1, are known members of the proteasome 19S regulatory cap particle and have also been implicated in transcription coactivation. Remarkably, Tbp1 and Sug1 interact with multiple viral effector proteins including HIV Tat, SV40 large T antigen, and adenovirus E1A, establishing these proteins as important targets of the viral oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Barak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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13
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Sakao Y, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Takeda K, Akira S. Mouse proteasomal ATPases Psmc3 and Psmc4: genomic organization and gene targeting. Genomics 2000; 67:1-7. [PMID: 10945464 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PSMC3 and PSMC4, components of the 19S complex of the 26S proteasome, show a significant degree of amino acid similarity, especially in the conserved ATPase domain (CAD). In this study, we characterized the mouse Psmc3 and Psmc4 genes. The genomic structures of both genes showed a significant degree of similarity. The Psmc3 gene was composed of 12 coding exons, whereas the Psmc4 gene had 11 exons. Exons encoding the leucine zipper domain and CAD were identical in number between the Psmc3 and Psmc4 genes. The Psmc3 gene mapped to mouse chromosome 2, whereas Psmc4 mapped to chromosome 7. We further addressed the biological roles of Psmc3 and Psmc4 through the generation of gene targeted mice. Both Psmc3- and Psmc4-deficient mice died before implantation, displaying defective blastocyst development. These findings indicate that Psmc3 and Psmc4 have similar and essential roles in early embryogenesis and further that both ATPases have noncompensatory functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sakao
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Ijichi H, Tanaka T, Nakamura T, Yagi H, Hakuba A, Sato M. Molecular cloning and characterization of a human homologue of TBPIP, a BRCA1 locus-related gene. Gene 2000; 248:99-107. [PMID: 10806355 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we clone the human homologue of TBPIP [Tat binding protein 1(TBP-1)-interacting protein]. TBPIP is a molecule that has been cloned from mouse as a cofactor of TBP-1. Eighty-eight per cent of the deduced amino acid sequence of human TBPIP coincides with that of mouse TBPIP. CAT assay reveals that human TBPIP could interact with human TBP-1, then enhance the function of TBP-1 on HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-Tat-mediated transactivation. Our radiation hybrid mapping indicates that TBPIP is located on chromosome 17q12-21. A DNA database search uncovers that an apparent part of TBPIP has been obtained as a BRCA1 locus-related gene (OV-4) and mapped onto chromosome 17q12-21. Interestingly, the nucleotide structure of human TBPIP is very similar to that of the GT198 gene, which has been cloned from a human breast cancer cell line and also mapped onto the BRCA1 locus. Since a very high rate of gene mutation is observed in the BRCA1-related region in breast cancers and expression of authentic GT198 mRNA could not be confirmed in either BT-474 (other kind of human breast cancer cell line) or normal human testis (where the strong expression of GT198 mRNA is reported), it is likely that GT198 is a mutated form of human TBPIP.
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MESH Headings
- ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- BRCA1 Protein/genetics
- Base Sequence
- CHO Cells
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Recombinant/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/physiology
- Humans
- Hybrid Cells
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plasmids
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Transcriptional Activation
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ijichi
- First Department of Anatomy, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
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