1
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Nielsen SSE, Holst MR, Langthaler K, Bruun EH, Brodin B, Nielsen MS. Apicobasal transferrin receptor localization and trafficking in brain capillary endothelial cells. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:2. [PMID: 36624498 PMCID: PMC9830855 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The detailed mechanisms by which the transferrin receptor (TfR) and associated ligands traffic across brain capillary endothelial cells (BECs) of the CNS-protective blood-brain barrier constitute an important knowledge gap within maintenance and regulation of brain iron homeostasis. This knowledge gap also presents a major obstacle in research aiming to develop strategies for efficient receptor-mediated drug delivery to the brain. While TfR-mediated trafficking from blood to brain have been widely studied, investigation of TfR-mediated trafficking from brain to blood has been limited. In this study we investigated TfR distribution on the apical and basal plasma membranes of BECs using expansion microscopy, enabling sufficient resolution to separate the cellular plasma membranes of these morphological flat cells, and verifying both apical and basal TfR membrane domain localization. Using immunofluorescence-based transcellular transport studies, we delineated endosomal sorting of TfR endocytosed from the apical and basal membrane, respectively, as well as bi-directional TfR transcellular transport capability. The findings indicate different intracellular sorting mechanisms of TfR, depending on the apicobasal trafficking direction across the BBB, with the highest transcytosis capacity in the brain-to-blood direction. These results are of high importance for the current understanding of brain iron homeostasis. Also, the high level of TfR trafficking from the basal to apical membrane of BECs potentially explains the low transcytosis which are observed for the TfR-targeted therapeutics to the brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S. E. Nielsen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel R. Holst
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristine Langthaler
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCNS Drug Delivery and Barrier Modelling, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Translational DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Helena Bruun
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Birger Brodin
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten S. Nielsen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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2
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Deffieu MS, Cesonyte I, Delalande F, Boncompain G, Dorobantu C, Song E, Lucansky V, Hirschler A, Cianferani S, Perez F, Carapito C, Gaudin R. Rab7-harboring vesicles are carriers of the transferrin receptor through the biosynthetic secretory pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/2/eaba7803. [PMID: 33523982 PMCID: PMC7793588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba7803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic secretory pathway is particularly challenging to investigate as it is underrepresented compared to the abundance of the other intracellular trafficking routes. Here, we combined the retention using selective hook (RUSH) to a CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing approach (eRUSH) and identified Rab7-harboring vesicles as an important intermediate compartment of the Golgi-to-plasma membrane transport of neosynthesized transferrin receptor (TfR). These vesicles did not exhibit degradative properties and were not associated to Rab6A-harboring vesicles. Rab7A was transiently associated to neosynthetic TfR-containing post-Golgi vesicles but dissociated before fusion with the plasma membrane. Together, our study reveals a role for Rab7 in the biosynthetic secretory pathway of the TfR, highlighting the diversity of the secretory vesicles' nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maika S Deffieu
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) CNRS, Univ Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France.
- INSERM, Univ Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - François Delalande
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaelle Boncompain
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Eli Song
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Aurélie Hirschler
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Franck Perez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Carapito
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphael Gaudin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) CNRS, Univ Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France.
- INSERM, Univ Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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3
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Jonker CTH, Deo C, Zager PJ, Tkachuk AN, Weinstein AM, Rodriguez-Boulan E, Lavis LD, Schreiner R. Accurate measurement of fast endocytic recycling kinetics in real time. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.231225. [PMID: 31843759 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fast turnover of membrane components through endocytosis and recycling allows precise control of the composition of the plasma membrane. Endocytic recycling can be rapid, with some molecules returning to the plasma membrane with a half time <5 min. Existing methods to study these trafficking pathways utilize chemical, radioactive or fluorescent labeling of cell surface receptors in pulse-chase experiments, which require tedious washing steps and manual collection of samples. Here, we introduce a live-cell endocytic recycling assay based on a newly designed cell-impermeable fluorogenic ligand for HaloTag, Janelia Fluor 635i (JF635i, where i indicates impermeant), which allows real-time detection of membrane receptor recycling at steady state. We used this method to study the effect of iron depletion on transferrin receptor (TfR) recycling using the chelator desferrioxamine. We found that this perturbation significantly increases the TfR recycling rate. The high temporal resolution and simplicity of this assay provides a clear advantage over extant methods and makes it ideal for large scale cellular imaging studies. This assay can be adapted to examine other cellular kinetic parameters such as protein turnover and biosynthetic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar T H Jonker
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Claire Deo
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Patrick J Zager
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ariana N Tkachuk
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Alan M Weinstein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Ryan Schreiner
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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4
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Lebreton S, Paladino S, Zurzolo C. Clustering in the Golgi apparatus governs sorting and function of GPI‐APs in polarized epithelial cells. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2351-2365. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lebreton
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse Institut Pasteur Paris France
| | - Simona Paladino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse Institut Pasteur Paris France
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5
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Pre-embedding labeling for subcellular detection of molecules with electron microscopy. Tissue Cell 2019; 57:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Takahashi T, Minami S, Tsuchiya Y, Tajima K, Sakai N, Suga K, Hisanaga SI, Ohbayashi N, Fukuda M, Kawahara H. Cytoplasmic control of Rab family small GTPases through BAG6. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846794. [PMID: 30804014 PMCID: PMC6446207 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab family small GTPases are master regulators of distinct steps of intracellular vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic cells. GDP‐bound cytoplasmic forms of Rab proteins are prone to aggregation due to the exposure of hydrophobic groups but the machinery that determines the fate of Rab species in the cytosol has not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we find that BAG6 (BAT3/Scythe) predominantly recognizes a cryptic portion of GDP‐associated Rab8a, while its major GTP‐bound active form is not recognized. The hydrophobic residues of the Switch I region of Rab8a are essential for its interaction with BAG6 and the degradation of GDP‐Rab8a via the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. BAG6 prevents the excess accumulation of inactive Rab8a, whose accumulation impairs intracellular membrane trafficking. BAG6 binds not only Rab8a but also a functionally distinct set of Rab family proteins, and is also required for the correct distribution of Golgi and endosomal markers. From these observations, we suggest that Rab proteins represent a novel set of substrates for BAG6, and the BAG6‐mediated pathway is associated with the regulation of membrane vesicle trafficking events in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Setsuya Minami
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yugo Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazu Tajima
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Sakai
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Suga
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hisanaga
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ohbayashi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Dirk BS, End C, Pawlak EN, Van Nynatten LR, Jacob RA, Heit B, Dikeakos JD. PACS-1 and adaptor protein-1 mediate ACTH trafficking to the regulated secretory pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:519-525. [PMID: 30458990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The regulated secretory pathway is a specialized form of protein secretion found in endocrine and neuroendocrine cell types. Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a pro-hormone that utilizes this pathway to be trafficked to dense core secretory granules (DCSGs). Within this organelle, POMC is processed to multiple bioactive hormones that play key roles in cellular physiology. However, the complete set of cellular membrane trafficking proteins that mediate the correct sorting of POMC to DCSGs remain unknown. Here, we report the roles of the phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein - 1 (PACS-1) and the clathrin adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) in the targeting of POMC to DCSGs. Upon knockdown of PACS-1 and AP-1, POMC is readily secreted into the extracellular milieu and fails to be targeted to DCSGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan S Dirk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher End
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily N Pawlak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Logan R Van Nynatten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajesh Abraham Jacob
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimmy D Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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8
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Publisher Note. Tissue Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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McGovern OL, Rivera-Cuevas Y, Kannan G, Narwold AJ, Carruthers VB. Intersection of endocytic and exocytic systems in Toxoplasma gondii. Traffic 2018; 19:336-353. [PMID: 29437275 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Host cytosolic proteins are endocytosed by Toxoplasma gondii and degraded in its lysosome-like compartment, the vacuolar compartment (VAC), but the dynamics and route of endocytic trafficking remain undefined. Conserved endocytic components and plant-like features suggest T. gondii endocytic trafficking involves transit through early and late endosome-like compartments (ELCs) and potentially the trans-Golgi network (TGN) as in plants. However, exocytic trafficking to regulated secretory organelles, micronemes and rhoptries, also proceeds through ELCs and requires classical endocytic components, including a dynamin-related protein, DrpB. Here, we show that host cytosolic proteins are endocytosed within 7 minutes post-invasion, trafficked through ELCs en route to the VAC, and degraded within 30 minutes. We could not definitively interpret if ingested protein is trafficked through the TGN. We also found that parasites ingest material from the host cytosol throughout the parasite cell cycle. Ingested host proteins colocalize with immature microneme proteins, proM2AP and proMIC5, in transit to the micronemes, but not with the immature rhoptry protein proRON4, indicating that endocytic trafficking of ingested protein intersects with exocytic trafficking of microneme proteins. Finally, we show that conditional expression of a DrpB dominant negative mutant increases T. gondii ingestion of host-derived proteins, suggesting that DrpB is not required for parasite endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L McGovern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yolanda Rivera-Cuevas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Geetha Kannan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew J Narwold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vern B Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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10
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Stoops EH, Hull M, Caplan MJ. Newly synthesized and recycling pools of the apical protein gp135 do not occupy the same compartments. Traffic 2016; 17:1272-1285. [PMID: 27649479 PMCID: PMC5123909 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polarized epithelial cells sort newly synthesized and recycling plasma membrane proteins into distinct trafficking pathways directed to either the apical or basolateral membrane domains. While the trans-Golgi network is a well-established site of protein sorting, increasing evidence indicates a key role for endosomes in the initial trafficking of newly synthesized proteins. Both basolateral and apical proteins have been shown to traverse endosomes en route to the plasma membrane. In particular, apical proteins traffic through either subapical early or recycling endosomes. Here we use the SNAP tag system to analyze the trafficking of the apical protein gp135, also known as podocalyxin. We show that newly synthesized gp135 traverses the apical recycling endosome, but not the apical early endosomes (AEEs). In contrast, post-endocytic gp135 is delivered to the AEE before recycling back to the apical membrane. The pathways pursued by the newly synthesized and recycling gp135 populations do not detectably intersect, demonstrating that the biosynthetic and post-endocytic pools of this protein are subjected to distinct sorting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Stoops
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael Hull
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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11
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Mitotic Golgi disassembly is required for bipolar spindle formation and mitotic progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6590-E6599. [PMID: 27791030 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610844113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the mammalian Golgi vesiculates and, upon partitioning, reassembles in each daughter cell; however, it is not clear whether the disassembly process per se is important for partitioning or is merely an outcome of mitotic entry. Here, we show that Golgi vesiculation is required for progression to metaphase. To prevent Golgi disassembly, we expressed HRP linked to a Golgi-resident protein and acutely triggered the polymerization of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the Golgi lumen. The DAB polymer does not affect interphase cell viability, but inhibits Golgi fragmentation by nocodazole and brefeldin A and also halts cells in early mitosis. The arrest is Golgi specific and does not occur when DAB is polymerized in the endosomes. Cells with a DAB polymer in the Golgi enter mitosis normally but arrest with an intact Golgi clustered at a monopolar spindle and an active spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Mitotic progression is restored upon centrosome depletion by the Polo-like kinase 4 inhibitor, centrinone, indicating that the link between the Golgi and the centrosomes must be dissolved to reach metaphase. These results demonstrate that Golgi disassembly is required for mitotic progression because failure to vesiculate the Golgi activates the canonical SAC. This requirement suggests that cells actively monitor Golgi integrity in mitosis.
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12
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Rab5 and its effector FHF contribute to neuronal polarity through dynein-dependent retrieval of somatodendritic proteins from the axon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5318-27. [PMID: 27559088 PMCID: PMC5018783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601844113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An open question in cell biology is how the general intracellular transport machinery is adapted to perform specialized functions in polarized cells such as neurons. Here we illustrate this adaptation by elucidating a role for the ubiquitous small GTPase Ras-related protein in brain 5 (Rab5) in neuronal polarity. We show that inactivation or depletion of Rab5 in rat hippocampal neurons abrogates the somatodendritic polarity of the transferrin receptor and several glutamate receptor types, resulting in their appearance in the axon. This loss of polarity is not caused primarily by increased transport from the soma to the axon but rather by decreased retrieval from the axon to the soma. Retrieval is also dependent on the Rab5 effector Fused Toes (FTS)-Hook-FTS and Hook-interacting protein (FHIP) (FHF) complex, which interacts with the minus-end-directed microtubule motor dynein and its activator dynactin to drive a population of axonal retrograde carriers containing somatodendritic proteins toward the soma. These findings emphasize the importance of both biosynthetic sorting and axonal retrieval for the polarized distribution of somatodendritic receptors at steady state.
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13
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Parmar HB, Duncan R. A novel tribasic Golgi export signal directs cargo protein interaction with activated Rab11 and AP-1-dependent Golgi-plasma membrane trafficking. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1320-31. [PMID: 26941330 PMCID: PMC4831885 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-12-0845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel sorting motif present in the reovirus p14 fusion–associated small transmembrane protein directs interaction with GTP-Rab11 at the TGN and sorting into AP-1–coated vesicles for trafficking to the plasma membrane. This is the first example of cargo protein interaction with activated Rab11 mediating anterograde trafficking from the TGN. The reovirus fusion–associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins comprise a unique family of viral membrane fusion proteins dedicated to inducing cell–cell fusion. We recently reported that a polybasic motif (PBM) in the cytosolic tail of reptilian reovirus p14 FAST protein functions as a novel tribasic Golgi export signal. Using coimmunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays, we now show the PBM directs interaction of p14 with GTP-Rab11. Overexpression of dominant-negative Rab11 and RNA interference knockdown of endogenous Rab11 inhibited p14 plasma membrane trafficking and resulted in p14 accumulation in the Golgi complex. This is the first example of Golgi export to the plasma membrane that is dependent on the interaction of membrane protein cargo with activated Rab11. RNA interference and immunofluorescence microscopy further revealed that p14 Golgi export is dependent on AP-1 (but not AP-3 or AP-4) and that Rab11 and AP-1 both colocalize with p14 at the TGN. Together these results imply the PBM mediates interactions of p14 with activated Rab11 at the TGN, resulting in p14 sorting into AP1-coated vesicles for anterograde TGN–plasma membrane transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirendrasinh B Parmar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Roy Duncan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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14
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Farr GA, Hull M, Stoops EH, Bateson R, Caplan MJ. Dual pulse-chase microscopy reveals early divergence in the biosynthetic trafficking of the Na,K-ATPase and E-cadherin. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4401-11. [PMID: 26424804 PMCID: PMC4666135 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The trafficking of newly synthesized Na,K-ATPase and E-cadherin is observed in polarized epithelial cells. E-cadherin’s exit from the Golgi complex is not susceptible to 19°C temperature block. Furthermore, these proteins exit the Golgi and are delivered to the basolateral cell surface in separate vascular carriers. Recent evidence indicates that newly synthesized membrane proteins that share the same distributions in the plasma membranes of polarized epithelial cells can pursue a variety of distinct trafficking routes as they travel from the Golgi complex to their common destination at the cell surface. In most polarized epithelial cells, both the Na,K-ATPase and E-cadherin are localized to the basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. To examine the itineraries pursued by newly synthesized Na,K-ATPase and E-cadherin in polarized MDCK epithelial cells, we used the SNAP and CLIP labeling systems to fluorescently tag temporally defined cohorts of these proteins and observe their behaviors simultaneously as they traverse the secretory pathway. These experiments reveal that E-cadherin is delivered to the cell surface substantially faster than is the Na,K-ATPase. Furthermore, the surface delivery of newly synthesized E-cadherin to the plasma membrane was not prevented by the 19°C temperature block that inhibits the trafficking of most proteins, including the Na,K-ATPase, out of the trans-Golgi network. Consistent with these distinct behaviors, populations of newly synthesized E-cadherin and Na,K-ATPase become separated from one another within the trans-Golgi network, suggesting that they are sorted into different carrier vesicles that mediate their post-Golgi trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen A Farr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8026
| | - Michael Hull
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8026
| | - Emily H Stoops
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8026
| | - Rosalie Bateson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8026
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8026 )
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15
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Mihov D, Raja E, Spiess M. Chondroitin Sulfate Accelerates Trans-Golgi-to-Surface Transport of Proteoglycan Amyloid Precursor Protein. Traffic 2015; 16:853-70. [PMID: 25951880 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a membrane protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. APP is a part-time proteoglycan, as splice variants lacking exon 15 are modified by a chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain. Investigating the effect of the GAG chain on the trafficking of APP in non-polarized cells, we found it to increase the steady-state surface-to-intracellular distribution, to reduce the rate of endocytosis and to accelerate transport kinetics from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the plasma membrane. Deletion of the cytosolic domain resulted in delayed surface arrival of GAG-free APP, but did not affect the rapid export kinetics of the proteoglycan form. Protein-free GAG chains showed the same TGN-to-cell surface transport kinetics as proteoglycan APP. Endosome ablation experiments were performed to distinguish between indirect endosomal and direct pathways to the cell surface. Surprisingly, TGN-to-cell surface transport of both GAG-free and proteoglycan APP was found to be indirect via transferrin-positive endosomes. Our results show that GAGs act as alternative sorting determinants in cellular APP transport that are dominant over cytoplasmic signals and involve distinct sorting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Mihov
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Raja
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Spiess
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Legent K, Liu HH, Treisman JE. Drosophila Vps4 promotes Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling independently of its role in receptor degradation. Development 2015; 142:1480-91. [PMID: 25790850 DOI: 10.1242/dev.117960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking of signaling receptors is an important mechanism for limiting signal duration. Components of the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT), which target ubiquitylated receptors to intra-lumenal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular bodies, are thought to terminate signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and direct it for lysosomal degradation. In a genetic screen for mutations that affect Drosophila eye development, we identified an allele of Vacuolar protein sorting 4 (Vps4), which encodes an AAA ATPase that interacts with the ESCRT-III complex to drive the final step of ILV formation. Photoreceptors are largely absent from Vps4 mutant clones in the eye disc, and even when cell death is genetically prevented, the mutant R8 photoreceptors that develop fail to recruit surrounding cells to differentiate as R1-R7 photoreceptors. This recruitment requires EGFR signaling, suggesting that loss of Vps4 disrupts the EGFR pathway. In imaginal disc cells mutant for Vps4, EGFR and other receptors accumulate in endosomes and EGFR target genes are not expressed; epistasis experiments place the function of Vps4 at the level of the receptor. Surprisingly, Vps4 is required for EGFR signaling even in the absence of Shibire, the Dynamin that internalizes EGFR from the plasma membrane. In ovarian follicle cells, in contrast, Vps4 does not affect EGFR signaling, although it is still essential for receptor degradation. Taken together, these findings indicate that Vps4 can promote EGFR activity through an endocytosis-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Legent
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hui Hua Liu
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jessica E Treisman
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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17
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Rodriguez-Boulan E, Macara IG. Organization and execution of the epithelial polarity programme. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:225-42. [PMID: 24651541 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells require apical-basal plasma membrane polarity to carry out crucial vectorial transport functions and cytoplasmic polarity to generate different cell progenies for tissue morphogenesis. The establishment and maintenance of a polarized epithelial cell with apical, basolateral and ciliary surface domains is guided by an epithelial polarity programme (EPP) that is controlled by a network of protein and lipid regulators. The EPP is organized in response to extracellular cues and is executed through the establishment of an apical-basal axis, intercellular junctions, epithelial-specific cytoskeletal rearrangements and a polarized trafficking machinery. Recent studies have provided insight into the interactions of the EPP with the polarized trafficking machinery and how these regulate epithelial polarization and depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan
- Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, LC-301 New York City, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Avenue South, U 3209 MRB III, Nashville Tennessee 37232, USA
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18
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Stoops EH, Caplan MJ. Trafficking to the apical and basolateral membranes in polarized epithelial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1375-86. [PMID: 24652803 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal epithelial cells must maintain distinct protein compositions in their apical and basolateral membranes in order to perform their transport functions. The creation of these polarized protein distributions depends on sorting signals that designate the trafficking route and site of ultimate functional residence for each protein. Segregation of newly synthesized apical and basolateral proteins into distinct carrier vesicles can occur at the trans-Golgi network, recycling endosomes, or a growing assortment of stations along the cellular trafficking pathway. The nature of the specific sorting signal and the mechanism through which it is interpreted can influence the route a protein takes through the cell. Cell type-specific variations in the targeting motifs of a protein, as are evident for Na,K-ATPase, demonstrate a remarkable capacity to adapt sorting pathways to different developmental states or physiologic requirements. This review summarizes our current understanding of apical and basolateral trafficking routes in polarized epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Stoops
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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19
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Demmel L, Schmidt K, Lucast L, Havlicek K, Zankel A, Koestler T, Reithofer V, de Camilli P, Warren G. The endocytic activity of the flagellar pocket in Trypanosoma brucei is regulated by an adjacent phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2351-64. [PMID: 24639465 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.146894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are spatially restricted membrane signaling molecules. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]--a phosphoinositide that is highly enriched in, and present throughout, the plasma membrane--has been implicated in endocytosis. Trypanosoma brucei has one of the highest known rates of endocytosis, a process it uses to evade the immune system. To determine whether phosphoinositides play a role in endocytosis in this organism, we have identified and characterized one of the enzymes that is responsible for generating PI(4,5)P2. Surprisingly, this phosphoinositide was found to be highly concentrated in the flagellar pocket, the only site of endocytosis and exocytosis in this organism. The enzyme (designated TbPIPKA, annotated as Tb927.10.1620) was present at the neck of the pocket, towards the anterior-end of the parasite. Depletion of TbPIPKA led to depletion of PI(4,5)P2 and enlargement of the pocket, the result of impaired endocytosis. Taken together, these data suggest that TbPIPKA and its product PI(4,5)P2 are important for endocytosis and, consequently, for homeostasis of the flagellar pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Demmel
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Louise Lucast
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Katharina Havlicek
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Zankel
- Institute for Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology and Center for Electron Microscopy Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tina Koestler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Reithofer
- University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Department of Biomedical Analytics, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Pietro de Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Graham Warren
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Bertuccio CA, Lee SL, Wu G, Butterworth MB, Hamilton KL, Devor DC. Anterograde trafficking of KCa3.1 in polarized epithelia is Rab1- and Rab8-dependent and recycling endosome-independent. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92013. [PMID: 24632741 PMCID: PMC3954861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermediate conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa3.1) targets to the basolateral (BL) membrane in polarized epithelia where it plays a key role in transepithelial ion transport. However, there are no studies defining the anterograde and retrograde trafficking of KCa3.1 in polarized epithelia. Herein, we utilize Biotin Ligase Acceptor Peptide (BLAP)-tagged KCa3.1 to address these trafficking steps in polarized epithelia, using MDCK, Caco-2 and FRT cells. We demonstrate that KCa3.1 is exclusively targeted to the BL membrane in these cells when grown on filter supports. Following endocytosis, KCa3.1 degradation is prevented by inhibition of lysosomal/proteosomal pathways. Further, the ubiquitylation of KCa3.1 is increased following endocytosis from the BL membrane and PR-619, a deubiquitylase inhibitor, prevents degradation, indicating KCa3.1 is targeted for degradation by ubiquitylation. We demonstrate that KCa3.1 is targeted to the BL membrane in polarized LLC-PK1 cells which lack the μ1B subunit of the AP-1 complex, indicating BL targeting of KCa3.1 is independent of μ1B. As Rabs 1, 2, 6 and 8 play roles in ER/Golgi exit and trafficking of proteins to the BL membrane, we evaluated the role of these Rabs in the trafficking of KCa3.1. In the presence of dominant negative Rab1 or Rab8, KCa3.1 cell surface expression was significantly reduced, whereas Rabs 2 and 6 had no effect. We also co-immunoprecipitated KCa3.1 with both Rab1 and Rab8. These results suggest these Rabs are necessary for the anterograde trafficking of KCa3.1. Finally, we determined whether KCa3.1 traffics directly to the BL membrane or through recycling endosomes in MDCK cells. For these studies, we used either recycling endosome ablation or dominant negative RME-1 constructs and determined that KCa3.1 is trafficked directly to the BL membrane rather than via recycling endosomes. These results are the first to describe the anterograde and retrograde trafficking of KCa3.1 in polarized epithelia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. Bertuccio
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shih-Liang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Butterworth
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kirk L. Hamilton
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (DCD); (KLH)
| | - Daniel C. Devor
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DCD); (KLH)
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21
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Rohrbeck A, von Elsner L, Hagemann S, Just I. Binding of Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme to intact cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:523-32. [PMID: 24584821 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
C3 from Clostridium botulinum (C3) specifically modifies Rho GTPases RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC by mono-ADP-ribosylation. The confined substrate profile of C3 is the basis for its use as pharmacological tool in cell biology to study cellular functions of Rho GTPases. Although C3 exoenzyme does not possess a cell-binding/-translocation domain, C3 is taken up by intact cells via an unknown mechanism. In the present work, binding of C3 to the hippocampus-derived HT22 cells and J774A.1 macrophages was characterized. C3 bound concentration-dependent to HT22 and J774A.1 cells. Pronase treatment of intact cells significantly reduced both C3 binding and C3 cell entry. Removal of sugar residues by glycosidase F treatment resulted in an increased binding of C3, but a reduced cell entry. To explore the involvement of phosphorylation in the binding process of C3, intact HT22 and J774A.1 cells were pre-treated with vanadate prior to incubation with C3. Inhibition of de-phosphorylation by vanadate resulted in an increased binding of C3. To differentiate between intracellular and extracellular phosphorylation, intact cells were treated with CIP (calf intestine phosphatase) to remove extracellular phosphate residues. The removal of phosphate residues resulted in a strong reduction in binding of C3 to cells. In sum, the C3 membranous binding partner is proteinaceous, and the glycosylation as well as the phosphorylation state is critical for efficient binding of C3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Rohrbeck
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany,
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22
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Tabatadze N, McGonigal R, Neve RL, Routtenberg A. Activity-dependent Wnt 7 dendritic targeting in hippocampal neurons: plasticity- and tagging-related retrograde signaling mechanism? Hippocampus 2014; 24:455-65. [PMID: 24375790 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnt proteins have emerged as transmembrane signaling molecules that regulate learning and memory as well as synaptic plasticity at central synapses (Inestrosa and Arenas (2010) Nat Rev Neurosci 11:77-86; Maguschak and Ressler (2011) J Neurosci 31:13057-13067; Tabatadze et al. (2012) Hippocampus 22: 1228-1241; Fortress et al. (2013) J Neurosci 33:12619-12626). For example, there is both a training-selective and Wnt isoform-specific increase in Wnt 7 levels in hippocampus seven days after spatial learning in rats (Tabatadze et al. (2012) Hippocampus 22: 1228-1241). Despite growing interest in Wnt signaling pathways in the adult brain, intracellular distribution and release of Wnt molecules from synaptic compartments as well as their influence on synaptic strength and connectivity remain less well understood. As a first step in such an analysis, we show here that Wnt 7 levels in primary hippocampal cells are elevated by potassium or glutamate activation in a time-dependent manner. Subsequent Wnt 7 elevation in dendrites suggests selective somato-dendritic trafficking followed by transport from dendrites to their spines. Wnt 7 elevation is also TTX-reversible, establishing that its elevation is indeed an activity-dependent process. A second stimulation given 6 h after the first significantly reduces Wnt 7 levels in dendrites 3 h later as compared to non-stimulated controls suggesting activity-dependent Wnt 7 release from dendrites and spines. In a related experiment designed to mimic the release of Wnt 7, exogenous recombinant Wnt 7 increased the number of active zones in presynaptic terminals as indexed by bassoon. This suggests the formation of new presynaptic release sites and/or presynaptic terminals. Wnt signaling inhibitor sFRP-1 completely blocked this Wnt 7-induced elevation of bassoon cluster number and cluster area. We suggest that Wnt 7 is a plasticity-related protein involved in the regulation of presynaptic plasticity via a retrograde signaling mechanism as previously proposed (Routtenberg (1999) Trends in Neuroscience 22:255-256). These findings provide support for this proposal, which offers a new perspective on the synaptic tagging mechanism (Redondo and Morris (2011) Nat Rev Neurosci 12:17-30).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Tabatadze
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
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23
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Abstract
Cells internalize extracellular solutes, ligands and proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane (PM) by endocytosis. The removal of membrane from the PM is counteracted by endosomal recycling pathways that return the endocytosed proteins and lipids back to the PM. Recycling to the PM can occur from early endosomes. However, many cells have a distinct subpopulation of endosomes that have a mildly acidic pH of 6.5 and are involved in the endosomal recycling. These endosomes are dubbed recycling endosomes (REs). In recent years, studies have begun to reveal that function of REs is not limited to the endosomal recycling. In this review, I summarize the nature of membrane trafficking pathways that pass through REs and the cell biological roles of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Taguchi
- Laboratory of Pathological Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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24
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Rab5 is necessary for the biogenesis of the endolysosomal system in vivo. Nature 2012; 485:465-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Mattila PE, Youker RT, Mo D, Bruns JR, Cresawn KO, Hughey RP, Ihrke G, Weisz OA. Multiple biosynthetic trafficking routes for apically secreted proteins in MDCK cells. Traffic 2011; 13:433-42. [PMID: 22118573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many newly synthesized membrane proteins traverse endocytic intermediates en route to the surface in polarized epithelial cells; however, the biosynthetic itinerary of secreted proteins has not been elucidated. We monitored the trafficking route of two secreted proteins with different apical sorting signals: the N-glycan-dependent cargo glycosylated growth hormone (gGH) and Ensol, a soluble version of endolyn whose apical sorting is independent of N-glycans. Both proteins were observed to colocalize in part with apical recycling endosome (ARE) markers. Cargo that lacks an apical targeting signal and is secreted in a nonpolarized manner did not localize to the ARE. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of myosin Vb, which disrupts ARE export of glycan-dependent membrane proteins, selectively inhibited apical release of gGH but not Ensol. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements revealed that gGH in the ARE was less mobile than Ensol, consistent with tethering to a sorting receptor. However, knockdown of galectin-3 or galectin-4, lectins implicated in apical sorting, had no effect on the rate or polarity of gGH secretion. Together, our results suggest that apically secreted cargoes selectively access the ARE and are exported via differentially regulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly E Mattila
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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26
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Yu HMI, Jin Y, Fu J, Hsu W. Expression of Gpr177, a Wnt trafficking regulator, in mouse embryogenesis. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:2102-9. [PMID: 20549736 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Wls/Evi/Srt encoding a multipass transmembrane protein has been identified as a regulator for proper sorting and secretion of Wnt in flies. We have previously demonstrated that Gpr177 is the mouse ortholog required for axis determination. Gpr177 is a transcriptional target of Wnt that is activated to assist its subcellular distribution in a feedback regulatory loop. We, therefore, proposed that reciprocal regulation of Wnt and Gpr177 is essential for the Wnt-dependent developmental and pathogenic processes. Here, we examine the expression pattern of Gpr177 in mouse development. Gpr177 is expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types during organogenesis. Furthermore, Gpr177 is a glycoprotein primarily accumulating in the Golgi apparatus in signal-producing cells. The glycosylation of Gpr177 is necessary for proper transportation in the secretory pathway. Our findings suggest that the Gpr177-mediated regulation of Wnt is crucial for organogenesis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Man Ivy Yu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, James Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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27
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N-cadherin-dependent neuron-neuron interaction is required for the maintenance of activity-induced dendrite growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:9873-8. [PMID: 20457910 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003480107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of neural circuits depends on stable contacts between neuronal processes, mediated by interaction of cell adhesion molecules, including N-cadherin. In the present study, we found that activity-dependent dendrite arborization specifically requires N-cadherin-mediated extracellular neuron-neuron interaction, because the enhancement did not occur for neurons cultured in isolation or plated on an astrocyte monolayer and was abolished by a recombinant soluble N-cadherin ectodomain. Furthermore, depolarization elevated the level of membrane-associated cadherin/catenin complexes and surface N-cadherin. Importantly, surface N-cadherin elevation is specifically required for the maintenance of nascent dendrite arbors. Through loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we showed that N-cadherin-mediated dendrite growth requires association of the cadherin/catenin complex with the actin cytoskeleton. In summary, these results identify a previously unexplored and specific function for activity-induced, N-cadherin-mediated neuron-neuron contacts in the maintenance of dendrite arbors.
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28
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Kobialka S, Beuret N, Ben-Tekaya H, Spiess M. Glycosaminoglycan Chains Affect Exocytic and Endocytic Protein Traffic. Traffic 2009; 10:1845-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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29
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Gonzalez A, Rodriguez-Boulan E. Clathrin and AP1B: key roles in basolateral trafficking through trans-endosomal routes. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:3784-95. [PMID: 19854182 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research following introduction of the MDCK model system to study epithelial polarity (1978) led to an initial paradigm that posited independent roles of the trans Golgi network (TGN) and recycling endosomes (RE) in the generation of, respectively, biosynthetic and recycling routes of plasma membrane (PM) proteins to apical and basolateral PM domains. This model dominated the field for 20 years. However, studies over the past decade and the discovery of the involvement of clathrin and clathrin adaptors in protein trafficking to the basolateral PM has led to a new paradigm. TGN and RE are now believed to cooperate closely in both biosynthetic and recycling trafficking routes. Here, we critically review these recent advances and the questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Gonzalez
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología and Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6510260 Santiago, Chile.
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30
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Marie M, Dale HA, Sannerud R, Saraste J. The function of the intermediate compartment in pre-Golgi trafficking involves its stable connection with the centrosome. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:4458-70. [PMID: 19710425 PMCID: PMC2762134 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-12-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the functional borders of the intermediate compartment (IC) are not well defined, the spatial map of the transport machineries operating between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus remains incomplete. Our previous studies showed that the IC consists of interconnected vacuolar and tubular parts with specific roles in pre-Golgi trafficking. Here, using live cell imaging, we demonstrate that the tubules containing the GTPase Rab1A create a long-lived membrane compartment around the centrosome. Separation of this pericentrosomal domain of the IC from the Golgi ribbon, due to centrosome motility, revealed that it contains a distinct pool of COPI coats and acts as a temperature-sensitive way station in post-ER trafficking. However, unlike the Golgi, the pericentrosomal IC resists the disassembly of COPI coats by brefeldin A, maintaining its juxtaposition with the endocytic recycling compartment, and operation as the focal point of a dynamic tubular network that extends to the cell periphery. These results provide novel insight into the compartmental organization of the secretory pathway and Golgi biogenesis. Moreover, they reveal a direct functional connection between the IC and the endosomal system, which evidently contributes to unconventional transport of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Marie
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
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31
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Fölsch H, Mattila PE, Weisz OA. Taking the scenic route: biosynthetic traffic to the plasma membrane in polarized epithelial cells. Traffic 2009; 10:972-81. [PMID: 19453969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of epithelial cell function requires the establishment and continuous renewal of differentiated apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains with distinct lipid and protein compositions. Newly synthesized proteins destined for either surface domain are processed along the biosynthetic pathway and segregated into distinct subsets of transport carriers emanating from the trans-Golgi network. Recent studies have illuminated additional complexities in the subsequent delivery of these proteins to the cell surface. In particular, multiple routes to the apical and basolateral cell surfaces have been uncovered, and many of these involve indirect passage through endocytic compartments. This review summarizes our current understanding of these routes and discusses open issues that remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Fölsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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Transport of mannose-6-phosphate receptors from the trans-Golgi network to endosomes requires Rab31. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:2215-30. [PMID: 19345684 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rab31, a protein that we originally cloned from a rat oligodendrocyte cDNA library, localizes in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes. However, its function has not yet been established. Here we show the involvement of Rab31 in the transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) from TGN to endosomes. We demonstrate the specific sorting of cation-dependent-MPR (CD-MPR), but not CD63 and vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSVG) protein, to Rab31-containing trans-Golgi network carriers. CD-MPR and Rab31 containing carriers originate from extending TGN tubules that also contain clathrin and GGA1 coats. Expression of constitutively active Rab31 reduced the content of CD-MPR in the TGN relative to that of endosomes, while expression of dominant negative Rab31 triggered reciprocal changes in CD-MPR distribution. Expression of dominant negative Rab31 also inhibited the formation of carriers containing CD-MPR in the TGN, without affecting the exit of VSVG from this compartment. Importantly, siRNA-mediated depletion of endogenous Rab31 caused the collapse of the Golgi apparatus. Our observations demonstrate that Rab31 is required for transport of MPRs from TGN to endosomes and for the Golgi/TGN organization.
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Neuronal activity regulates phosphorylation-dependent surface delivery of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 106:629-34. [PMID: 19118198 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0811615106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels regulate neuronal excitability by mediating inhibitory effects of G protein-coupled receptors for neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Notwithstanding many studies reporting modulation of GIRK channel function, whether neuronal activity regulates GIRK channel trafficking remains an open question. Here we report that NMDA receptor activation in cultured dissociated hippocampal neurons elevates surface expression of the GIRK channel subunits GIRK1 and GIRK2 in the soma, dendrites, and dendritic spines within 15 min. This activity-induced increase in GIRK surface expression requires protein phosphatase-1-mediated dephosphorylation of a serine residue (Ser-9) preceding the GIRK2 Val-13/Leu-14 (VL) internalization motif, thereby promoting channel recycling. Because activation of GIRK channels hyperpolarizes neuronal membranes, the NMDA receptor-induced regulation of GIRK channel trafficking may represent a dynamic adjustment of neuronal excitability in response to inhibitory neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators.
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The epithelial polarity program: machineries involved and their hijacking by cancer. Oncogene 2008; 27:6939-57. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cramm-Behrens CI, Dienst M, Jacob R. Apical cargo traverses endosomal compartments on the passage to the cell surface. Traffic 2008; 9:2206-20. [PMID: 18785995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial polarity is based on intracellular sorting machinery that maintains the asymmetric distribution of lipids and proteins to the cell surface. Dependent on their lipid raft affinity, newly synthesized apical polypeptides are segregated into distinct vesicle populations subsequent to the passage through the Golgi apparatus. Using a combined fluorescence microscopic and biochemical approach, we found that lipid raft-associated sucrase-isomaltase (SI) as well as non-raft-associated lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) traverse endosomal compartments before entering the apical membrane. Fluorescent fusion proteins of both hydrolases were co-stained with Rab4-, Rab8- and Rab11-positive endosomes in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney and non-polarized COS-1 cells. Immunoisolation of post-Golgi vesicles subsequent to different times of TGN release revealed that LPH and SI navigate in chronological order through Rab4-, Rab8- and Rab11-positive endosomes. Thereafter, the two hydrolases are segregated into distinct vesicle populations. In addition, apical membrane traffic could be significantly inhibited by RNA interference-mediated depletion of these guanosine triphosphatases. These results suggest that in epithelial cells, lipid raft-dependent and -independent apical cargo follow a transendosomal route.
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Park JJ, Loh YP. How peptide hormone vesicles are transported to the secretion site for exocytosis. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:2583-95. [PMID: 18669645 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-Golgi transport of peptide hormone-containing vesicles from the site of genesis at the trans-Golgi network to the release site at the plasma membrane is essential for activity-dependent hormone secretion to mediate various endocrinological functions. It is known that these vesicles are transported on microtubules to the proximity of the release site, and they are then loaded onto an actin/myosin system for distal transport through the actin cortex to just below the plasma membrane. The vesicles are then tethered to the plasma membrane, and a subpopulation of them are docked and primed to become the readily releasable pool. Cytoplasmic tails of vesicular transmembrane proteins, as well as many cytosolic proteins including adaptor proteins, motor proteins, and guanosine triphosphatases, are involved in vesicle budding, the anchoring of the vesicles, and the facilitation of movement along the transport systems. In addition, a set of cytosolic proteins is also necessary for tethering/docking of the vesicles to the plasma membrane. Many of these proteins have been identified from different types of (neuro)endocrine cells. Here, we summarize the proteins known to be involved in the mechanisms of sorting various cargo proteins into regulated secretory pathway hormone-containing vesicles, movement of these vesicles along microtubules and actin filaments, and their eventual tethering/docking to the plasma membrane for hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Park
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Abstract
Organelle purification procedures capitalize on the differences in size, density, and (occasionally) surface charge density of individual types of organelles. Most fractionation procedures that are based on centrifugation involve some combination of procedures that distinguish both size and density. Initially, a homogenate is prepared in isoosmotic (or slightly hyperosmotic) sucrose or some other predominantly nonelectrolyte medium. A wide range of procedures have been used to fractionate tissue homogenates. The protocols in this unit emphasize different fractionation techniques that have been used for rat liver, an abundant tissue that has been a favorite of many investigators and has served as the source of many organelle preparations of excellent purity. For selected procedures, examples have been given using other tissue sources (e.g., glandular tissues that maintain protein storage granules for regulated secretion) or, where particularly favorable, cultured cells.
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Henry L, Sheff DR. Rab8 regulates basolateral secretory, but not recycling, traffic at the recycling endosome. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:2059-68. [PMID: 18287531 PMCID: PMC2366880 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-09-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab8 is a monomeric GTPase that regulates the delivery of newly synthesized proteins to the basolateral surface in polarized epithelial cells. Recent publications have demonstrated that basolateral proteins interacting with the mu1-B clathrin adapter subunit pass through the recycling endosome (RE) en route from the TGN to the plasma membrane. Because Rab8 interacts with these basolateral proteins, these findings raise the question of whether Rab8 acts before, at, or after the RE. We find that Rab8 overexpression during the formation of polarity in MDCK cells, disrupts polarization of the cell, explaining how Rab8 mutants can disrupt basolateral endocytic and secretory traffic. However, once cells are polarized, Rab8 mutants cause mis-sorting of newly synthesized basolateral proteins such as VSV-G to the apical surface, but do not cause mis-sorting of membrane proteins already at the cell surface or in the endocytic recycling pathway. Enzymatic ablation of the RE also prevents traffic from the TGN from reaching the RE and similarly results in mis-sorting of newly synthesized VSV-G. We conclude that Rab8 regulates biosynthetic traffic through REs to the plasma membrane, but not trafficking of endocytic cargo through the RE. The data are consistent with a model in which Rab8 functions in regulating the delivery of TGN-derived cargo to REs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Henry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - David R. Sheff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Lasiecka ZM, Yap CC, Vakulenko M, Winckler B. Chapter 7 Compartmentalizing the Neuronal Plasma Membrane. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 272:303-89. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cancino J, Torrealba C, Soza A, Yuseff MI, Gravotta D, Henklein P, Rodriguez-Boulan E, González A. Antibody to AP1B adaptor blocks biosynthetic and recycling routes of basolateral proteins at recycling endosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:4872-84. [PMID: 17881725 PMCID: PMC2096610 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-06-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-specific adaptor AP1B sorts basolateral plasma membrane (PM) proteins in both biosynthetic and recycling routes, but the site where it carries out this function remains incompletely defined. Here, we have investigated this topic in Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) epithelial cells using an antibody against the medium subunit micro1B. This antibody was suitable for immunofluorescence and blocked the function of AP1B in these cells. The antibody blocked the basolateral recycling of two basolateral PM markers, Transferrin receptor (TfR) and LDL receptor (LDLR), in a perinuclear compartment with marker and functional characteristics of recycling endosomes (RE). Live imaging experiments demonstrated that in the presence of the antibody two newly synthesized GFP-tagged basolateral proteins (vesicular stomatitis virus G [VSVG] protein and TfR) exited the trans-Golgi network (TGN) normally but became blocked at the RE within 3-5 min. By contrast, the antibody did not block trafficking of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LDLR from the TGN to the PM but stopped its recycling after internalization into RE in approximately 45 min. Our experiments conclusively demonstrate that 1) AP1B functions exclusively at RE; 2) TGN-to-RE transport is very fast and selective and is mediated by adaptors different from AP1B; and 3) the TGN and AP1B-containing RE cooperate in biosynthetic basolateral sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cancino
- *Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6510260 Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, 7780344 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Torrealba
- *Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6510260 Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, 7780344 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Soza
- *Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6510260 Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, 7780344 Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Yuseff
- *Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6510260 Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, 7780344 Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Gravotta
- Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Peter Henklein
- Institute of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan
- Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Alfonso González
- *Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6510260 Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, 7780344 Santiago, Chile
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Manderson AP, Kay JG, Hammond LA, Brown DL, Stow JL. Subcompartments of the macrophage recycling endosome direct the differential secretion of IL-6 and TNFalpha. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:57-69. [PMID: 17606866 PMCID: PMC2064421 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200612131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activated macrophages secrete an array of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), that are temporally secreted for sequential roles in inflammation. We have previously characterized aspects of the intracellular trafficking of membrane-bound TNFalpha and its delivery to the cell surface at the site of phagocytic cups for secretion (Murray, R.Z., J.G. Kay, D.G. Sangermani, and J.L. Stow. 2005. Science. 310:1492-1495). The trafficking pathway and surface delivery of IL-6, a soluble cytokine, were studied here using approaches such as live cell imaging of fluorescently tagged IL-6 and immunoelectron microscopy. Newly synthesized IL-6 accumulates in the Golgi complex and exits in tubulovesicular carriers either as the sole labeled cargo or together with TNFalpha, utilizing specific soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins to fuse with the recycling endosome. Within recycling endosomes, we demonstrate the compartmentalization of cargo proteins, wherein IL-6 is dynamically segregated from TNFalpha and from surface recycling transferrin. Thereafter, these cytokines are independently secreted, with TNFalpha delivered to phagocytic cups but not IL-6. Therefore, the recycling endosome has a central role in orchestrating the differential secretion of cytokines during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Manderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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Cresawn KO, Potter BA, Oztan A, Guerriero CJ, Ihrke G, Goldenring JR, Apodaca G, Weisz OA. Differential involvement of endocytic compartments in the biosynthetic traffic of apical proteins. EMBO J 2007; 26:3737-48. [PMID: 17673908 PMCID: PMC1952228 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized basolateral markers can traverse recycling endosomes en route to the surface of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells; however, the routes used by apical proteins are less clear. Here, we functionally inactivated subsets of endocytic compartments and examined the effect on surface delivery of the basolateral marker vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), the raft-associated apical marker influenza hemagglutinin (HA), and the non-raft-associated protein endolyn. Inactivation of transferrin-positive endosomes after internalization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-containing conjugates inhibited VSV-G delivery, but did not disrupt apical delivery. In contrast, inhibition of protein export from apical recycling endosomes upon expression of dominant-negative constructs of myosin Vb or Sec15 selectively perturbed apical delivery of endolyn. Ablation of apical endocytic components accessible to HRP-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) disrupted delivery of HA but not endolyn. However, delivery of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored endolyn was inhibited by >50% under these conditions, suggesting that the biosynthetic itinerary of a protein is dependent on its targeting mechanism. Our studies demonstrate that apical and basolateral proteins traverse distinct endocytic intermediates en route to the cell surface, and that multiple routes exist for delivery of newly synthesized apical proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry O Cresawn
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beth A Potter
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Asli Oztan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Gudrun Ihrke
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ora A Weisz
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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45
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Arneson LS, Miller J. The chondroitin sulfate form of invariant chain trimerizes with conventional invariant chain and these complexes are rapidly transported from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface. Biochem J 2007; 406:97-103. [PMID: 17492940 PMCID: PMC1948987 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeting of MHCII-invariant chain complexes from the trans-Golgi network to endosomes is mediated by two di-leucine-based signals present in the cytosolic domain of invariant chain. Generation of this endosomal targeting signal is also dependent on multimerization of the invariant chain cytosolic domain sequences, mediated through assembly of invariant chain into homotrimers. A small subset of invariant chain is modified by the addition of chondroitin sulfate and is expressed on the cell surface in association with MHCII. In the present study, we have followed the biosynthetic pathway and route of intracellular transport of this proteoglycan form of invariant chain. We found that the efficiency of chondroitin sulfate modification can be increased by altering the invariant chain amino acid sequence around Ser-201 to the xylosylation consensus sequence. Our results also indicate that, following sulfation, the proteoglycan form is transported rapidly from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface and is degraded following internalization into an endocytic compartment. Invariant chain-chondroitin sulfate is present in invariant chain trimers that also include conventional non-proteoglycan forms of invariant chain. These data indicate that invariant chain-chondroitin sulfate-containing complexes are transported rapidly from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface in spite of the presence of an intact endosomal localization signal. Furthermore, these results suggest that invariant chain-chondroitin sulfate may play an important role in the generation of cell-surface pools of invariant chain that can serve as receptors for CD44 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne S Arneson
- Department of Biology, American University, Hurst Hall 101, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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46
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Thompson A, Nessler R, Wisco D, Anderson E, Winckler B, Sheff D. Recycling endosomes of polarized epithelial cells actively sort apical and basolateral cargos into separate subdomains. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:2687-97. [PMID: 17494872 PMCID: PMC1924834 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-09-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membranes of epithelial cells plasma membranes contain distinct apical and basolateral domains that are critical for their polarized functions. However, both domains are continuously internalized, with proteins and lipids from each intermixing in supranuclear recycling endosomes (REs). To maintain polarity, REs must faithfully recycle membrane proteins back to the correct plasma membrane domains. We examined sorting within REs and found that apical and basolateral proteins were laterally segregated into subdomains of individual REs. Subdomains were absent in unpolarized cells and developed along with polarization. Subdomains were formed by an active sorting process within REs, which precedes the formation of AP-1B-dependent basolateral transport vesicles. Both the formation of subdomains and the fidelity of basolateral trafficking were dependent on PI3 kinase activity. This suggests that subdomain and transport vesicle formation occur as separate sorting steps and that both processes may contribute to sorting fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randy Nessler
- Imaging Core Facility, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Dolora Wisco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Eric Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
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Bravo-Cordero JJ, Marrero-Diaz R, Megías D, Genís L, García-Grande A, García MA, Arroyo AG, Montoya MC. MT1-MMP proinvasive activity is regulated by a novel Rab8-dependent exocytic pathway. EMBO J 2007; 26:1499-510. [PMID: 17332756 PMCID: PMC1829373 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MT1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is one of the most critical factors in the invasion machinery of tumor cells. Subcellular localization to invasive structures is key for MT1-MMP proinvasive activity. However, the mechanism driving this polarized distribution remains obscure. We now report that polarized exocytosis of MT1-MMP occurs during MDA-MB-231 adenocarcinoma cell migration into collagen type I three-dimensional matrices. Polarized trafficking of MT1-MMP is triggered by beta1 integrin-mediated adhesion to collagen, and is required for protease localization at invasive structures. Localization of MT1-MMP within VSV-G/Rab8-positive vesicles, but not in Rab11/Tf/TfRc-positive compartment in invasive cells, suggests the involvement of the exocytic traffic pathway. Furthermore, constitutively active Rab8 mutants induce MT1-MMP exocytic traffic, collagen degradation and invasion, whereas Rab8- but not Rab11-knockdown inhibited these processes. Altogether, these data reveal a novel pathway of MT1-MMP redistribution to invasive structures, exocytic vesicle trafficking, which is crucial for its role in tumor cell invasiveness. Mechanistically, MT1-MMP delivery to invasive structures, and therefore its proinvasive activity, is regulated by Rab8 GTPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J Bravo-Cordero
- Confocal Microscopy and Cytometry Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish Nacional Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Marrero-Diaz
- Confocal Microscopy and Cytometry Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish Nacional Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy and Cytometry Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish Nacional Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Genís
- Matrix metalloproteinases Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu García-Grande
- Confocal Microscopy and Cytometry Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish Nacional Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A García
- Confocal Microscopy and Cytometry Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish Nacional Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Matrix metalloproteinases Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Montoya
- Confocal Microscopy and Cytometry Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish Nacional Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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Hausmann G, Bänziger C, Basler K. Helping Wingless take flight: how WNT proteins are secreted. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8:331-6. [PMID: 17342185 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
How functional WNT proteins are made and how their secretion is regulated is becoming a focal point for the WNT-signalling field. Recently, lipoprotein particles, WNT lipid modifications, the conserved transmembrane protein Wntless (WLS; also known as EVI and SRT) and the retromer complex have been implicated in WNT secretion. Our aim is to synthesize ideas from these new findings for the mechanisms that underlie WNT secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hausmann
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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49
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Gravotta D, Deora A, Perret E, Oyanadel C, Soza A, Schreiner R, Gonzalez A, Rodriguez-Boulan E. AP1B sorts basolateral proteins in recycling and biosynthetic routes of MDCK cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:1564-9. [PMID: 17244703 PMCID: PMC1785260 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610700104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-specific adaptor AP1B sorts basolateral proteins, but the trafficking routes where it performs its sorting role remain controversial. Here, we used an RNAi approach to knock down the medium subunit of AP1B (mu1B) in the prototype epithelial cell line Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK). Mu1B-knocked down MDCK cells displayed loss of polarity of several endogenous and exogenous basolateral markers transduced via adenovirus vectors, but exhibited normal polarity of apical markers. We chose two well characterized basolateral protein markers, the transferrin receptor (TfR) and the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, to study the sorting role of AP1B. A surface-capture assay introduced here showed that mu1B-knocked down MDCK cells plated on filters at confluency and cultured for 4.5 d, sorted TfR correctly in the biosynthetic route but incorrectly in the recycling route. In contrast, these same cells missorted vesicular stomatitis virus G apically in the biosynthetic route. Strikingly, recently confluent MDCK cells (1-3 d) displayed AP1B-dependence in the biosynthetic route of TfR, which decreased with additional days in culture. Sucrose density gradient analysis detected AP1B predominantly in TfR-rich endosomal fractions in MDCK cells confluent for 1 and 4 d. Our results are consistent with the following model: AP1B sorts basolateral proteins in both biosynthetic and recycling routes of MDCK cells, as a result of its predominant functional localization in recycling endosomes, which constitute a post-Golgi station in the biosynthetic route of some plasma membrane proteins. TfR utilizes a direct route from Golgi to basolateral membrane that is established as the epithelial monolayer matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gravotta
- *Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Ami Deora
- *Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Emilie Perret
- *Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Claudia Oyanadel
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6510260 Santiago, Chile; and
- Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, 7780344 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Soza
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6510260 Santiago, Chile; and
- Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, 7780344 Santiago, Chile
| | - Ryan Schreiner
- *Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Alfonso Gonzalez
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6510260 Santiago, Chile; and
- Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, 7780344 Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan
- *Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Schuck S, Gerl MJ, Ang A, Manninen A, Keller P, Mellman I, Simons K. Rab10 is involved in basolateral transport in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Traffic 2006; 8:47-60. [PMID: 17132146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2006.00506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sorting of newly synthesized membrane proteins to the cell surface is an important mechanism of cell polarity. To identify more of the molecular machinery involved, we investigated the function of the small GTPase Rab10 in polarized epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. We find that GFP-tagged Rab10 localizes primarily to the Golgi during early cell polarization. Expression of an activated Rab10 mutant inhibits biosynthetic transport from the Golgi and missorts basolateral cargo to the apical membrane. Depletion of Rab10 by RNA interference has only mild effects on biosynthetic transport and epithelial polarization, but simultaneous inhibition of Rab10 and Rab8a more strongly impairs basolateral sorting. These results indicate that Rab10 functions in trafficking from the Golgi at early stages of epithelial polarization, is involved in biosynthetic transport to the basolateral membrane and may co-operate with Rab8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schuck
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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