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Adam K, Ning J, Reina J, Hunter T. NME/NM23/NDPK and Histidine Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5848. [PMID: 32823988 PMCID: PMC7461546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NME (Non-metastatic) family members, also known as NDPKs (nucleoside diphosphate kinases), were originally identified and studied for their nucleoside diphosphate kinase activities. This family of kinases is extremely well conserved through evolution, being found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but also diverges enough to create a range of complexity, with homologous members having distinct functions in cells. In addition to nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity, some family members are reported to possess protein-histidine kinase activity, which, because of the lability of phosphohistidine, has been difficult to study due to the experimental challenges and lack of molecular tools. However, over the past few years, new methods to investigate this unstable modification and histidine kinase activity have been reported and scientific interest in this area is growing rapidly. This review presents a global overview of our current knowledge of the NME family and histidine phosphorylation, highlighting the underappreciated protein-histidine kinase activity of NME family members, specifically in human cells. In parallel, information about the structural and functional aspects of the NME family, and the knowns and unknowns of histidine kinase involvement in cell signaling are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.); (J.R.)
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2
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Yang Y, Liu D, Wu L, Huang W, Yang S, Xia J, Liu X, Meng Z. Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal changes of gene expression in fresh and cryopreserved yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) sperm and the effects of Cryoprotectant Me 2SO. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:457-465. [PMID: 31002905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study, for the first time in fish, compared the transcriptome of fresh and frozen-thawed sperm, and would help to better understand the effect of cryopreservation on fish sperm and then better preserve the aquatic germplasm resources. Here, we employed high-throughput sequencing technology to obtain the transcriptome of yellow catfish from fresh sperm, cryopreserved sperm with and without cryoprotectant. When cryoprotectant (Me2SO) was excluded, down-regulated genes were significantly enriched into calcium ion binding, cytoskeletal protein binding, microfilament motor activity, calmodulin binding and carnitine O-acyltransferase activity, which affected Ca2+ regulation, cellular morphology, motility and metabolism. Moreover, heat shock proteins and genes associated with regulation of cholesterol, HCO3- and protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) were down-regulated, and thus would impair ability against stress, membrane rigidity, pH regulation and signal transduction of cryopreserved sperm. After Me2SO was added, the amounts of DEGs decreased significantly and down-regulation of genes were found mainly in cytoskeleton and heat shock proteins, thereby suggesting that Me2SO effectively reduced the impact caused by low temperature on gene expression. Whether adding Me2SO or not, the up-regulated genes were mainly found in ribosomal proteins genes. However, when Me2SO was added, over-expression of some genes might contribute to maintain normal function of cryopreserved sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lina Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhong Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zining Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Karakaya M, Yilmaz S, Storbeck M, Hoelker I, Heller R, Serdaroglu G, Gökben S, Yis U, Wirth B. PRUNE1: a disease-causing gene for secondary microcephaly. Brain 2019; 140:e61. [PMID: 28969376 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mert Karakaya
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanem Yilmaz
- Ege University, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Markus Storbeck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Irmgard Hoelker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raoul Heller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gül Serdaroglu
- Ege University, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sarenur Gökben
- Ege University, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Uluc Yis
- Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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4
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Hartley JN, Simard LR, Ly V, Del Bigio MR, Frosk P. A homozygous canonical splice acceptor site mutation in PRUNE1 is responsible for a rare childhood neurodegenerative disease in Manitoba Cree families. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 179:206-218. [PMID: 30556349 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.60690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive PRUNE1 mutations are reported to cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and brain malformations. We describe clinical and neuropathological features in a cohort of nine individuals of Cree descent who, because of a founder effect, are homozygous for the same PRUNE1 mutation. They follow the course of a combined neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disease, rather than a pure failure of normal development. This cohort presented in infancy with features of lower motor neuron disease, such as hypotonia, contractures, tongue fasciculations, and feeding difficulties in the absence of congenital brain anomalies and microcephaly. A neurodegenerative course followed with onset of seizures, spasticity, and respiratory insufficiency. Muscle biopsies showed denervation/reinnervation features, nonspecific atrophy and end-stage atrophy. Autopsy findings in two patients are also described, suggesting length dependent central motor axon degeneration, peripheral motor axon degeneration, possible spinal motor neuron degeneration, and accumulation of beta amyloid precursor protein inclusions in select brainstem nuclei. Exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping identified a homozygous PRUNE1 mutation in a canonical splice site, which produces two abnormal PRUNE1 mRNA products. Based on our studies and the histopathology and phenotypic data, we provide further evidence that this disorder leads to a neurodegenerative disease affecting both the peripheral and central nervous systems and suggest that the pathogenic c.521-2A>G mutation could lead to an altered effect on tubulin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Hartley
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Louise R Simard
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Valentina Ly
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marc R Del Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patrick Frosk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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5
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Adam K, Hunter T. Histidine kinases and the missing phosphoproteome from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. J Transl Med 2018; 98:233-247. [PMID: 29058706 PMCID: PMC5815933 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is the most common type of post-translational modification in eukaryotes. The phosphoproteome is defined as the complete set of experimentally detectable phosphorylation sites present in a cell's proteome under various conditions. However, we are still far from identifying all the phosphorylation sites in a cell mainly due to the lack of information about phosphorylation events involving residues other than Ser, Thr and Tyr. Four types of phosphate-protein linkage exist and these generate nine different phosphoresidues-pSer, pThr, pTyr, pHis, pLys, pArg, pAsp, pGlu and pCys. Most of the effort in studying protein phosphorylation has been focused on Ser, Thr and Tyr phosphorylation. The recent development of 1- and 3-pHis monoclonal antibodies promises to increase our understanding of His phosphorylation and the kinases and phosphatases involved. Several His kinases are well defined in prokaryotes, especially those involved in two-component system (TCS) signaling. However, in higher eukaryotes, NM23, a protein originally characterized as a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, is the only characterized protein-histidine kinase. This ubiquitous and conserved His kinase autophosphorylates its active site His, and transfers this phosphate either onto a nucleoside diphosphate or onto a protein His residue. Studies of NM23 protein targets using newly developed anti-pHis antibodies will surely help illuminate the elusive His phosphorylation-based signaling pathways. This review discusses the role that the NM23/NME/NDPK phosphotransferase has, how the addition of the pHis phosphoproteome will expand the phosphoproteome and make His phosphorylation part of the global phosphorylation world. It also summarizes why our understanding of phosphorylation is still largely restricted to the acid stable phosphoproteome, and highlights the study of NM23 histidine kinase as an entrée into the world of histidine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Adam
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Khan I, Steeg PS. The relationship of NM23 (NME) metastasis suppressor histidine phosphorylation to its nucleoside diphosphate kinase, histidine protein kinase and motility suppression activities. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 29535799 PMCID: PMC5828198 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The NM23/NME gene was identified as a metastasis suppressor. It's re-expression inhibited cancer cell motility and suppressed metastasis, without effecting primary tumor size in multiple model systems. The mechanisms of NME suppression of motility and metastasis are incompletely known. Of particular interest, has been NME histidine 118 phosphorylation, involved in nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) and histidine protein kinase (HPK) activities. Using recently developed monoclonal antibodies to phosphohistidine, we have addressed the correlation of NME phosphohistidine with motility suppression, and distinguished the NDPK and HPK contributions. While general levels of NME correlated with its 1-phosphohistidine form in two cell line model systems, two exceptions were noted: Tumor cells actively migrating in scratch assays, even if expressing high levels of NME1, were low in its 1-phosphohistidine form. Site-directed mutagenesis of NME1 histidine 118 and proline 96 was examined by transfection experiments and partial purification of recombinant proteins. NME1P96S overexpressing tumor cells exhibited high motility and migration phenotypes despite high 1-phosphohistidine content and NDPK activity; HPK activity using succinate thiokinase as a substrate was poor. The data suggest the importance of NME 1-phosphohistidine levels in potential mechanistic pathways of metastasis suppression and point toward the HPK activity of NME1 downstream of autophosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Zollo M, Ahmed M, Ferrucci V, Salpietro V, Asadzadeh F, Carotenuto M, Maroofian R, Al-Amri A, Singh R, Scognamiglio I, Mojarrad M, Musella L, Duilio A, Di Somma A, Karaca E, Rajab A, Al-Khayat A, Mohan Mohapatra T, Eslahi A, Ashrafzadeh F, Rawlins LE, Prasad R, Gupta R, Kumari P, Srivastava M, Cozzolino F, Kumar Rai S, Monti M, Harlalka GV, Simpson MA, Rich P, Al-Salmi F, Patton MA, Chioza BA, Efthymiou S, Granata F, Di Rosa G, Wiethoff S, Borgione E, Scuderi C, Mankad K, Hanna MG, Pucci P, Houlden H, Lupski JR, Crosby AH, Baple EL. PRUNE is crucial for normal brain development and mutated in microcephaly with neurodevelopmental impairment. Brain 2017; 140:940-952. [PMID: 28334956 PMCID: PMC5382943 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PRUNE is a member of the DHH (Asp-His-His) phosphoesterase protein superfamily of molecules important for cell motility, and implicated in cancer progression. Here we investigated multiple families from Oman, India, Iran and Italy with individuals affected by a new autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorder in which the cardinal features include primary microcephaly and profound global developmental delay. Our genetic studies identified biallelic mutations of PRUNE1 as responsible. Our functional assays of disease-associated variant alleles revealed impaired microtubule polymerization, as well as cell migration and proliferation properties, of mutant PRUNE. Additionally, our studies also highlight a potential new role for PRUNE during microtubule polymerization, which is essential for the cytoskeletal rearrangements that occur during cellular division and proliferation. Together these studies define PRUNE as a molecule fundamental for normal human cortical development and define cellular and clinical consequences associated with PRUNE mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Zollo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche DMMBM, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy.,European School of Molecular Medicine, SEMM, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Mustafa Ahmed
- Medical Research (Level 4), RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche DMMBM, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy.,European School of Molecular Medicine, SEMM, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Fatemeh Asadzadeh
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche DMMBM, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianeve Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche DMMBM, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Medical Research (Level 4), RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Ahmed Al-Amri
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.,National Genetic Centre, Directorate General of Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Royana Singh
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005, UP, India
| | - Iolanda Scognamiglio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche DMMBM, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Luca Musella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche DMMBM, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Duilio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Di Somma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anna Rajab
- National Genetic Centre, Directorate General of Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Aisha Al-Khayat
- Department of Biology, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Post code 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Tribhuvan Mohan Mohapatra
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005, UP, India
| | - Atieh Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ghaem Medical Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Zip Code- 9919991766, Iran
| | - Lettie E Rawlins
- Medical Research (Level 4), RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Rajniti Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005, UP, India
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005, UP, India
| | - Preeti Kumari
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005, UP, India
| | - Mona Srivastava
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005, UP, India.,Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005, UP, India
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy
| | - Sunil Kumar Rai
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005, UP, India
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaurav V Harlalka
- Medical Research (Level 4), RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Rich
- Department of Neuroradiology, St. George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Fatema Al-Salmi
- Department of Biology, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Post code 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Michael A Patton
- Medical Research (Level 4), RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.,Department of Biology, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Post code 123, Sultanate of Oman.,Genetics Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Barry A Chioza
- Medical Research (Level 4), RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Francesca Granata
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Department of Biomedical Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sarah Wiethoff
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Eugenia Borgione
- Unit of Neuromuscular disorders, IRCCS Oasi Maria SS Troina, Enna, Italy
| | - Carmela Scuderi
- Unit of Neuromuscular disorders, IRCCS Oasi Maria SS Troina, Enna, Italy
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Piero Pucci
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Medical Research (Level 4), RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Emma L Baple
- Medical Research (Level 4), RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
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8
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Takács-Vellai K, Vellai T, Farkas Z, Mehta A. Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) in animal development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1447-62. [PMID: 25537302 PMCID: PMC11113130 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In textbooks of biochemistry, nucleoside diphosphate conversion to a triphosphate by nucleoside diphosphate 'kinases' (NDPKs, also named NME or NM23 proteins) merits a few lines of text. Yet this essential metabolic function, mediated by a multimeric phosphotransferase protein, has effects that lie beyond a simple housekeeping role. NDPKs attracted more attention when NM23-H1 was identified as the first metastasis suppressor gene. In this review, we examine these NDPK enzymes from a developmental perspective because of the tractable phenotypes found in simple animal models that point to common themes. The data suggest that NDPK enzymes control the availability of surface receptors to regulate cell-sensing cues during cell migration. NDPKs regulate different forms of membrane enclosure that engulf dying cells during development. We suggest that NDPK enzymes have been essential for the regulated uptake of objects such as bacteria or micronutrients, and this evolutionarily conserved endocytic function contributes to their activity towards the regulation of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary,
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9
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Kim MS, Jeong J, Jeong J, Shin DH, Lee KJ. Structure of Nm23-H1 under oxidative conditions. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:669-80. [PMID: 23519676 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nm23-H1/NDPK-A, a tumour metastasis suppressor, is a multifunctional housekeeping enzyme with nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. Hexameric Nm23-H1 is required for suppression of tumour metastasis and it is dissociated into dimers under oxidative conditions. Here, the crystal structure of oxidized Nm23-H1 is presented. It reveals the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys4 and Cys145 that triggers a large conformational change that destabilizes the hexameric state. The dependence of the dissociation dynamics on the H2O2 concentration was determined using hydrogen/deuterium-exchange experiments. The quaternary conformational change provides a suitable environment for the oxidation of Cys109 to sulfonic acid, as demonstrated by peptide sequencing using nanoUPLC-ESI-q-TOF tandem MS. From these and other data, it is proposed that the molecular and cellular functions of Nm23-H1 are regulated by a series of oxidative modifications coupled to its oligomeric states and that the modified cysteines are resolvable by NADPH-dependent reduction systems. These findings broaden the understanding of the complicated enzyme-regulatory mechanisms that operate under oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Kim
- The Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, College of Pharmacy, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Bilitou A, De Marco N, Bello AM, Garzia L, Carotenuto P, Kim M, Campanella C, Ohnuma SI, Zollo M. Spatial and temporal expressions of prune reveal a role in Müller gliogenesis during Xenopus retinal development. Gene 2012; 509:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Bauer H, Schindler S, Charron Y, Willert J, Kusecek B, Herrmann BG. The nucleoside diphosphate kinase gene Nme3 acts as quantitative trait locus promoting non-Mendelian inheritance. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002567. [PMID: 22438820 PMCID: PMC3305403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The t-haplotype, a variant form of the t-complex region on mouse chromosome 17, acts as selfish genetic element and is transmitted at high frequencies (> 95%) from heterozygous (t/+) males to their offspring. This phenotype is termed transmission ratio distortion (TRD) and is caused by the interaction of the t-complex responder (Tcr) with several quantitative trait loci (QTL), the t-complex distorters (Tcd1 to Tcd4), all located within the t-haplotype region. Current data suggest that the distorters collectively impair motility of all sperm derived from t/+ males; t-sperm is rescued by the responder, whereas (+)-sperm remains partially dysfunctional. Recently we have identified two distorters as regulators of RHO small G proteins. Here we show that the nucleoside diphosphate kinase gene Nme3 acts as a QTL on TRD. Reduction of the Nme3 dosage by gene targeting of the wild-type allele enhanced the transmission rate of the t-haplotype and phenocopied distorter function. Genetic and biochemical analysis showed that the t-allele of Nme3 harbors a mutation (P89S) that compromises enzymatic activity of the protein and genetically acts as a hypomorph. Transgenic overexpression of the Nme3 t-allele reduced t-haplotype transmission, proving it to be a distorter. We propose that the NME3 protein interacts with RHO signaling cascades to impair sperm motility through hyperactivation of SMOK, the wild-type form of the responder. This deleterious effect of the distorters is counter-balanced by the responder, SMOK(Tcr), a dominant-negative protein kinase exclusively expressed in t-sperm, thus permitting selfish behaviour and preferential transmission of the t-haplotype. In addition, the previously reported association of NME family members with RHO signaling in somatic cell motility and metastasis, in conjunction with our data involving RHO signaling in sperm motility, suggests a functional conservation between mechanisms for motility control in somatic cells and spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Bauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Arai S, Yonezawa Y, Okazaki N, Matsumoto F, Tamada T, Tokunaga H, Ishibashi M, Blaber M, Tokunaga M, Kuroki R. A structural mechanism for dimeric to tetrameric oligomer conversion in Halomonas sp. nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Protein Sci 2012; 21:498-510. [PMID: 22275000 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK) is known to form homotetramers or homohexamers. To clarify the oligomer state of NDK from moderately halophilic Halomonas sp. 593 (HaNDK), the oligomeric state of HaNDK was characterized by light scattering followed by X-ray crystallography. The molecular weight of HaNDK is 33,660, and the X-ray crystal structure determination to 2.3 and 2.7 Å resolution showed a dimer form which was confirmed in the different space groups of R3 and C2 with an independent packing arrangement. This is the first structural evidence that HaNDK forms a dimeric assembly. Moreover, the inferred molecular mass of a mutant HaNDK (E134A) indicated 62.1-65.3 kDa, and the oligomerization state was investigated by X-ray crystallography to 2.3 and 2.5 Å resolution with space groups of P2(1) and C2. The assembly form of the E134A mutant HaNDK was identified as a Type I tetramer as found in Myxococcus NDK. The structural comparison between the wild-type and E134A mutant HaNDKs suggests that the change from dimer to tetramer is due to the removal of negative charge repulsion caused by the E134 in the wild-type HaNDK. The higher ordered association of proteins usually contributes to an increase in thermal stability and substrate affinity. The change in the assembly form by a minimum mutation may be an effective way for NDK to acquire molecular characteristics suited to various circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Arai
- Molecular Structural Biology Group, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
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13
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Onyenwoke RU, Forsberg LJ, Liu L, Williams T, Alzate O, Brenman JE. AMPK directly inhibits NDPK through a phosphoserine switch to maintain cellular homeostasis. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 23:381-9. [PMID: 22114351 PMCID: PMC3258181 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) is a direct target of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and is inhibited by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation at a conserved serine residue. This serine residue in NDPK is mutated in neuroblastoma, making the enzyme constitutively active. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key energy sensor that regulates metabolism to maintain cellular energy balance. AMPK activation has also been proposed to mimic benefits of caloric restriction and exercise. Therefore, identifying downstream AMPK targets could elucidate new mechanisms for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. We identified the phosphotransferase nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK), which maintains pools of nucleotides, as a direct AMPK target through the use of two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, we mapped the AMPK/NDPK phosphorylation site (serine 120) as a functionally potent enzymatic “off switch” both in vivo and in vitro. Because ATP is usually the most abundant cellular nucleotide, NDPK would normally consume ATP, whereas AMPK would inhibit NDPK to conserve energy. It is intriguing that serine 120 is mutated in advanced neuroblastoma, which suggests a mechanism by which NDPK in neuroblastoma can no longer be inhibited by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation. This novel placement of AMPK upstream and directly regulating NDPK activity has widespread implications for cellular energy/nucleotide balance, and we demonstrate in vivo that increased NDPK activity leads to susceptibility to energy deprivation–induced death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob U Onyenwoke
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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14
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Woolworth JA, Nallamothu G, Hsu T. The Drosophila metastasis suppressor gene Nm23 homolog, awd, regulates epithelial integrity during oogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:4679-90. [PMID: 19581292 PMCID: PMC2725718 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00297-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression levels of the metastasis suppressor gene Nm23 have been shown to correlate positively or inversely with prognosis in different cancer cohorts. This indicates that Nm23 may be needed at different expression levels and may function differently in various tissues. Here we report a novel epithelial function of the Drosophila melanogaster homolog of human Nm23, abnormal wing discs (awd). We show a dynamic expression pattern of the Awd protein during morphogenesis of the Drosophila follicle cells during oogenesis. Loss-of-function awd mutant cells result in the accumulation and spreading of adherens junction components, such as Drosophila E-cadherin, beta-catenin/Armadillo, and alpha-spectrin, and the disruption of epithelial integrity, including breaking up of the epithelial sheet and piling up of follicle cells. In contrast, overexpression of awd diminishes adherens junction components and induces a mesenchymal-cell-like cell shape change. The gain-of-function phenotype is consistent with a potential oncogenic function of this metastasis suppressor gene. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the epithelial function of awd is mediated by Rab5 and show that the Rab5 expression level is downregulated in awd mutant cells. Therefore, awd modulates the level and localization of adherens junction components via endocytosis. This is the first demonstration of an in vivo function of Nm23 family genes in regulating epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Woolworth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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15
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Nallamothu G, Dammai V, Hsu T. Developmental function of Nm23/awd: a mediator of endocytosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 329:35-44. [PMID: 19373545 PMCID: PMC2721904 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The metastasis suppressor gene Nm23 is highly conserved from yeast to human, implicating a critical developmental function. Studies in cultured mammalian cells have identified several potential functions, but many have not been directly verified in vivo. Here, we summarize the studies on the Drosophila homolog of the Nm23 gene, named a bnormal w ing d iscs (awd), which shares 78% amino acid identity with the human Nm23-H1 and H2 isoforms. These studies confirmed that awd gene encodes a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, and provided strong evidence of a role for awd in regulating cell differentiation and motility via regulation of growth factor receptor signaling. The latter function is mainly mediated by control of endocytosis. This review provides a historical account of the discovery and subsequent analyses of the awd gene. We will also discuss the possible molecular function of the Awd protein that underlies the endocytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouthami Nallamothu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Vincent Dammai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Tien Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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16
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Ishibashi M, Tatsuda S, Izutsu KI, Kumeda K, Arakawa T, Tokunaga M. A single Gly114Arg mutation stabilizes the hexameric subunit assembly and changes the substrate specificity of halo-archaeal nucleoside diphosphate kinase. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4073-9. [PMID: 17674972 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase from extremely halophilic archaeon (HsNDK) requires above 2M NaCl concentration for in vitro refolding. Here an attempt was made to isolate mutations that allow HsNDK to refold in low salt media. Such a screening resulted in isolation of an HsNDK mutant, Gly114Arg, which efficiently refolded in the presence of 1M NaCl. This mutant, unlike the wild type enzyme, was expressed in Escherichia coli as an active form. The residue 114 is in close proximity to Glu155 of the neighboring subunit in the three dimensional hexameric structure of the HsNDK. It is thus possible that the attractive electrostatic interactions occur between Arg114 and Glu155 in the mutant HsNDK, stabilizing the hexameric subunit assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsujiro Ishibashi
- Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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17
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Provost E, Shearn A. The Suppressor of Killer of prune, a unique glutathione S-transferase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2007; 38:189-95. [PMID: 16944302 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-006-9034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The prune-Killer of prune conditional dominant, lethal interaction in Drosophila was identified in the 1950s, but its mechanism remains unknown. We undertook a genetic screen for suppressors of this lethal interaction and identified a gene we named, Suppressor of Killer of prune Su(Kpn). Su(Kpn) is a unique protein with four N-terminal FLYWCH zinc-finger domains, an acidic domain and a C-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST) domain. The GST domain of Su(Kpn) is of particular interest because GSTs are usually independent of other protein domains. While GSTs are generally thought of as detoxifying enzymes, they are also associated with cellular toxicity. We predict that the GST domain of the Su(Kpn) creates a toxic product in prune-Killer of prune flies that is lethal. The substrate of the Su(Kpn) remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayne Provost
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
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18
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Carotenuto P, Marino N, Bello AM, D'Angelo A, Di Porzio U, Lombardi D, Zollo M. PRUNE and NM23-M1 expression in embryonic and adult mouse brain. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2006; 38:233-46. [PMID: 17033939 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-006-9044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A genetic interaction between PRUNE and NM23/NDPK has been postulated in Drosophila melanogaster. Many have focused on Drosophila for the genetic combination between PRUNE "knock down" and AWD/NM23 fly mutants bearing the P97S mutation (K-pn, Killer of PRUNE mutation). We postulated a role for PRUNE-NM23 interactions in vertebrate development, demonstrating a physical interaction between the human PRUNE and NM23-H1 proteins, and partially characterizing their functional significance in cancer progression. Here, we present an initial analysis towards the functional characterization of the PRUNE-NM23 interaction during mammalian embryogenesis. Our working hypothesis is that PRUNE, NM23-H1 and their protein-protein interaction partners have important roles in mammalian brain development and adult brain function. Detailed expression analyses from early mouse brain development to adulthood show significant co-expression of these two genes during embryonic stages of brain development, especially focusing on the cortex, hippocampus, midbrain and cerebellum. We hypothesize that their abnormal expression results in an altered pathway of activation, influencing protein complex formation and its protein partner interactions in early embryogenesis. In the adult brain, their function appears concentrated towards their enzyme activities, wherein biochemical variations can result in brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Carotenuto
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Comunale Margherita 482, 80145, Naples, Italy
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19
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Provost E, Hersperger G, Timmons L, Ho WQ, Hersperger E, Alcazar R, Shearn A. Loss-of-function mutations in a glutathione S-transferase suppress the prune-Killer of prune lethal interaction. Genetics 2006; 172:207-19. [PMID: 16143620 PMCID: PMC1456148 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.044669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prune gene of Drosophila melanogaster is predicted to encode a phosphodiesterase. Null alleles of prune are viable but cause an eye-color phenotype. The abnormal wing discs gene encodes a nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Killer of prune is a missense mutation in the abnormal wing discs gene. Although it has no phenotype by itself even when homozygous, Killer of prune when heterozygous causes lethality in the absence of prune gene function. A screen for suppressors of transgenic Killer of prune led to the recovery of three mutations, all of which are in the same gene. As heterozygotes these mutations are dominant suppressors of the prune-Killer of prune lethal interaction; as homozygotes these mutations cause early larval lethality and the absence of imaginal discs. These alleles are loss-of-function mutations in CG10065, a gene that is predicted to encode a protein with several zinc finger domains and glutathione S-transferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayne Provost
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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20
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Dammai V, Adryan B, Lavenburg KR, Hsu T. Drosophila awd, the homolog of human nm23, regulates FGF receptor levels and functions synergistically with shi/dynamin during tracheal development. Genes Dev 2003; 17:2812-24. [PMID: 14630942 PMCID: PMC280629 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1096903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human nm23 has been implicated in suppression of metastasis in various cancers, but the underlying mechanism of such activity has not been fully understood. Using Drosophila tracheal system as a genetic model, we examined the function of the Drosophila homolog of nm23, the awd gene, in cell migration. We show that loss of Drosophila awd results in dysregulated tracheal cell motility. This phenotype can be suppressed by reducing the dosage of the chemotactic FGF receptor (FGFR) homolog, breathless (btl), indicating that btl and awd are functionally antagonists. In addition, mutants of shi/dynamin show similar tracheal phenotypes as in awd and exacerbate those in awd mutant, suggesting defects in vesicle-mediated turnover of FGFR in the awd mutant. Consistent with this, Btl-GFP chimera expressed from a cognate btl promoter-driven system accumulate at high levels on tracheal cell membrane of awd mutants as well as in awd RNA duplex-treated cultured cells. Thus, we propose that awd regulates tracheal cell motility by modulating the FGFR levels, through a dynamin-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dammai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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21
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Massé K, Dabernat S, Bourbon PM, Larou M, Amrein L, Barraud P, Perel Y, Camara M, Landry M, Lacombe ML, Daniel JY. Characterization of the nm23-M2, nm23-M3 and nm23-M4 mouse genes: comparison with their human orthologs. Gene 2002; 296:87-97. [PMID: 12383506 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The nm23 gene family is thought to be involved in physiopathological processes such as growth, differentiation and cancer promotion, progression or metastasis. We report here the mouse nm23-M3 and nm23-M4 complementary DNA sequences and the genomic cloning, characterization and tissue expression pattern of the nm23-M2, nm23-M3 and nm23-M4 genes, in comparison with their human and rat orthologs and with the human nm23-H1 and mouse nm23-M1 genes. The organization and structure of the members of this gene family are remarkably similar in human and rodents. Accordingly, the striking similarities between the human and mouse nm23 genes enable the use of mouse transgenic and knock-out models for studying the role of nucleoside diphosphate kinase isoforms in human physiopathology.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Embryo, Mammalian/enzymology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Exons
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Genes/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Introns
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases
- Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Initiation Site
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Affiliation(s)
- K Massé
- Biologie de la Différenciation et du Développement, Université Victor Segalen-Bordeaux2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, France
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22
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Rabinow L. The proliferation of Drosophila in cancer research: a system for the functional characterization of tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Cancer Invest 2002; 20:531-56. [PMID: 12094549 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-120002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Rabinow
- Laboratoire de Signalisation, Développement et Cancer, CNRS UPRES-A 8080, Bâtiment 445, Université de Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France.
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23
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Stenberg LM, Stenflo J, Holmgren P, Brown MA. Post-translational processing of Drosophila nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 295:689-94. [PMID: 12099695 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) was purified from Drosophila melanogaster by a combination of anion-exchange, hydroxyapatite, and reversed-phase chromatography. The identity of the purified enzyme was confirmed by sequencing internal peptides (the N-terminus appeared to be blocked). Post-translational modifications were investigated by using protein chemical and mass spectrometric methods. Analysis by nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry revealed that the mass of the enzyme was considerably smaller than that predicted from its amino acid sequence. Although its open-reading frame predicts a 153-residue polypeptide, the mature enzyme was found to comprise 152 amino acids, being modified by proteolytic removal of the initiator Met and N-acetylation of Ala2. This explains why the observed pI of the Drosophila enzyme is more acidic than that predicted from its amino acid sequence. No additional post-translational modifications such as glycosylation or O-phosphorylation, which have been identified on homologous NDPKs from other organisms, were detected on the Drosophila enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisa M Stenberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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24
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Schneider B, Norda A, Karlsson A, Veron M, Deville-Bonne D. Nucleotide affinity for a stable phosphorylated intermediate of nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Protein Sci 2002; 11:1648-56. [PMID: 12070317 PMCID: PMC2373669 DOI: 10.1110/ps.0204702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase is transiently phosphorylated on a histidine of the active site during the catalytic cycle. In the presence of a nucleotide acceptor, the phosphohistidine bond is unstable and the phosphate is transferred to the acceptor in less than 1 msec. We describe the synthesis of an analog of the phosphoenzyme intermediate with an inactive mutant of NDP kinase in which the catalytic histidine is replaced by a cysteine. In two sequential disulfide exchange reactions, a thiophosphate group reacts with the thiol function of the cysteine that had previously reacted with dithionitrobenzoate (DTNB). The thiophosphoenzyme presents a 400,000-fold increased stability in the presence of NDPs compared with the phosphoenzyme. The binding of NDP is studied at the steady state and presteady state. Data were analyzed according to a bimolecular association model. For the first time, the true equilibrium dissociation constants of NDP for the analog of the phosphoenzyme are determined in the absence of phosphotransfer, allowing a better understanding of the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Schneider
- Unité de Régulation Enzymatique des Activités Cellulaires, CNRS FRE2364, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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25
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Adams MD, Sekelsky JJ. From sequence to phenotype: reverse genetics in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Rev Genet 2002; 3:189-98. [PMID: 11972156 DOI: 10.1038/nrg752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There has been a long history of innovation and development of tools for gene discovery and genetic analysis in Drosophila melanogaster. This includes methods to induce mutations and to screen for those mutations that disrupt specific processes, methods to map mutations genetically and physically, and methods to clone and characterize genes at the molecular level. Modern genetics also requires techniques to do the reverse to disrupt the functions of specific genes, the sequences of which are already known. This is the process referred to as reverse genetics. During recent years, some valuable new methods for conducting reverse genetics in Drosophila have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Adams
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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26
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Krishnan KS, Rikhy R, Rao S, Shivalkar M, Mosko M, Narayanan R, Etter P, Estes PS, Ramaswami M. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase, a source of GTP, is required for dynamin-dependent synaptic vesicle recycling. Neuron 2001; 30:197-210. [PMID: 11343655 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK), an enzyme encoded by the Drosophila abnormal wing discs (awd) or human nm23 tumor suppressor genes, generates nucleoside triphosphates from respective diphosphates. We demonstrate that NDK regulates synaptic vesicle internalization at the stage where function of the dynamin GTPase is required. awd mutations lower the temperature at which behavioral paralysis, synaptic failure, and blocked membrane internalization occur at dynamin-deficient, shi(ts), mutant nerve terminals. Hypomorphic awd alleles display shi(ts)-like defects. NDK is present at synapses and its enzymatic activity is essential for normal presynaptic function. We suggest a model in which dynamin activity in nerve terminals is highly dependent on NDK-mediated supply of GTP. This connection between NDK and membrane internalization further strengthens an emerging hypothesis that endocytosis, probably of activated growth factor receptors, is an important tumor suppressor activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Krishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, 400005, Colaba, Bombay, India
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27
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Abstract
Reverse genetic techniques will be necessary to take full advantage of the genomic sequence data for Drosophila and other experimental organisms. To develop a method for the targeted recovery of mutations, we combined an EMS chemical mutagenesis regimen with mutation detection by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). We recovered mutant strains at the high rate of approximately 4.8 mutations/kb for every 1000 mutagenized chromosomes from a screen for new mutations in the Drosophila awd gene. Furthermore, we observed that the EMS mutational spectrum in Drosophila germ cells shows a strong preference for 5'-PuG-3' sites, and for G/C within a stretch of three or more G/C base pairs. Our method should prove useful for targeted mutagenesis screens in Drosophila and other genetically tractable organisms and for more precise studies of mutagenesis and DNA repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bentley
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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28
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Song EJ, Kim YS, Chung JY, Kim E, Chae SK, Lee KJ. Oxidative modification of nucleoside diphosphate kinase and its identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biochemistry 2000; 39:10090-7. [PMID: 10955997 DOI: 10.1021/bi000267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK, Nm23) has been implicated as a multifunctional protein. However, the regulatory mechanism of NDPK is poorly understood. We have examined the modification of NDPK in oxidative stresses. We found that oxidative stresses including diamide and H(2)O(2) treatment cause disulfide cross-linking of NDPK inside cells. This cross-linking was reversible in response to mild oxidative stress, and irreversible to strong stress. This suggests that disulfide cross-linked NDPK may be a possible mechanism in the modification of cellular regulation. To confirm this idea, oxidative modification of NDPK has been performed in vitro using purified human NDPK H(2)O(2) inactivated the nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase activity of NDPK by producing intermolecular disulfide bonds. Disulfide cross-linking of NDPK also dissociated the native hexameric structure into a dimeric form. The oxidation sites were identified by the analysis of tryptic peptides of oxidized NDPK, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Intermolecular cross-linking between Cys109-Cys109, which is highly possible based on the X-ray crystal structure of NDPK-A, and oxidations of four methionine residues were identified in H(2)O(2)-treated NDPK. This cross-linkng was confirmed using mutant C109A (NDPK-A(C109A)) which had similar enzymatic activity as a wild NDPK-A. Mutant NDPK-A(C109A) was not cross-linked and was not easily denatured by the oxidant. Therefore, enzymatic activity and the quaternary structure of NDPK appear to be regulated by cross-linking with oxidant. These findings suggest one of the regulatory mechanisms of NDPK in various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Song
- Center for Cell Signaling Research, Division of Molecular Life Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Timmons L, Shearn A. Role of AWD/nucleoside diphosphate kinase in Drosophila development. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2000; 32:293-300. [PMID: 11768313 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005545214937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal wing discs gene of Drosophila encodes a soluble protein with nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. This enzymic activity is necessary for the biological function of the abnormal wing discs gene product. Complete loss of function, i.e., null, mutations cause lethality after the larval stage. Most larval organs in such null mutant larvae appear to be normal, but the imaginal discs are small and incapable of normal differentiation. Killer-of-prune is a neomorphic mutation in the abnormal wing discs gene. It causes dominant lethality in larvae that lack prune gene activity. The Killer-of-prune mutant protein may have altered substrate specificity. Null mutant larvae have a low level of nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. This suggests that there may be additional Drosophila genes that encode proteins with nucleoside dipthosphate kinase activity. Candidate genes have been found in the Drosophila genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Timmons
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, Maryland, 21210, USA
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30
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Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases catalyze the reversible transfer of the gamma phosphate of nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates. This minireview presents recent advances in understanding the reaction mechanism using steady-state and fast kinetic studies, X-ray crystallography, and site-directed mutagenesis. We also briefly discuss the physiological relevance of in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lascu
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095 University of Bordeaux-2 and CNRS, France.
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Biondi RM, Schneider B, Passeron E, Passeron S. Role of Mg2+ in nucleoside diphosphate kinase autophosphorylation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 353:85-92. [PMID: 9578603 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase is a ubiquitous enzyme that has been described to have regulatory functions. In addition to its classical enzymatic activity, NDP kinases have been characterized as inhibitors of metastasis, as a factor stimulating gene transcription, and as a protein kinase. In this report we show some characteristics of the autophosphorylation of homogeneous NDP kinase and make a comparison with that of other proteins in crude extracts. By using labeled substrates and fluorescence quenching analysis, we prove that Mg2+ is indeed necessary for the two steps of the ping-pong reaction to take place and present evidence that NTPs or NDPs, when uncomplexed to divalent cations, may not bind the active site in a comparable way to NTP . Mg2+ and NDP . Mg2+. However, even extremely small concentrations of Mg2+ suffice for maximal autophosphorylation which is obtained with Mg2+ in the nanomolar range and 100 microM ATP using homogeneous enzyme. Moreover, lower autophosphorylation levels were observed with increasing concentrations of Mg2+. The autophosphorylation equilibrium varied from 0.19 to 1.6 upon the inclusion of 10 mM EDTA to produce low Mg2+ concentrations. Under optimal conditions (low Mg2+ concentrations and short incubation times) NDP kinase was the only protein phosphorylated in crude extracts from Candida albicans, indicating that the autophosphorylation properties of the enzyme are very singular.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Biondi
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CIBYF (CONICET), Avenida San Martín 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Timmons L, Shearn A. prune/Killer of prune: a conditional dominant lethal interaction in Drosophila. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 1997; 35:207-52. [PMID: 9348649 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Timmons
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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33
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Wagner PD, Steeg PS, Vu ND. Two-component kinase-like activity of nm23 correlates with its motility-suppressing activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:9000-5. [PMID: 9256424 PMCID: PMC22999 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.17.9000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nm23 genes, which encode nucleoside diphosphate kinases, have been implicated in suppressing tumor metastasis. The motility of human breast carcinoma cells can be suppressed by transfection with wild-type nm23-H1, but not by transfections with two nm23-H1 mutants, nm23-H1(S12OG) and nm23-H1(P96S). Here we report that nm23-H1 can transfer a phosphate from its catalytic histidine to aspartate or glutamate residues on 43-kDa membrane proteins. One of the 43-kDa membrane proteins was not phosphorylated by either nm23-H1(P96S) or nm23-H1(S120G), and another was phosphorylated much more slowly by nm23-H1(P96S) and by nm23-H1(S120G) than by wild-type nm23-H1. Nm23-H1 also can transfer phosphate from its catalytic histidine to histidines on ATP-citrate lyase and succinic thiokinase. The rates of phosphorylation of ATP-citrate lyase by nm23-H1(S120G) and nm23-H1(P96S) were similar to that by wild-type nm23-H1. The rate of phosphorylation of succinic thiokinase by nm23-H1(S120) was similar to that by wild-type nm23-H1, and the rate of phosphorylation of succinic thiokinase by nm23-H1(P96S) was about half that by wild-type nm23-H1. Thus, the transfer of phosphate from nm23-H1 to aspartates or glutamates on other proteins appears to correlate better with the suppression of motility than does the transfer to histidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Wagner
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Levitan D, Doyle TG, Brousseau D, Lee MK, Thinakaran G, Slunt HH, Sisodia SS, Greenwald I. Assessment of normal and mutant human presenilin function in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:14940-4. [PMID: 8962160 PMCID: PMC26241 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/1996] [Accepted: 10/01/1996] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide evidence that normal human presenilins can substitute for Caenorhabditis elegans SEL-12 protein in functional assays in vivo. In addition, six familial Alzheimer disease-linked mutant human presenilins were tested and found to have reduced ability to rescue the sel-12 mutant phenotype, suggesting that they have lower than normal presenilin activity. A human presenilin 1 deletion variant that fails to be proteolytically processed and a mutant SEL-12 protein that lacks the C terminus display considerable activity in this assay, suggesting that neither presenilin proteolysis nor the C terminus is absolutely required for normal presenilin function. We also show that sel-12 is expressed in most neural and nonneural cell types in all developmental stages. The reduced activity of mutant presenilins and as yet unknown gain-of-function properties may be a contributing factor in the development of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Levitan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, College of Physicans and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Karlsson A, Mesnildrey S, Xu Y, Moréra S, Janin J, Véron M. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Investigation of the intersubunit contacts by site-directed mutagenesis and crystallography. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:19928-34. [PMID: 8702707 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.33.19928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NDP kinase from Dictyostelium was mutated by site-directed mutagenesis at positions indicated by structural data to be involved in the trimer interface. The mutants were substitutions at residue Pro-100 (P100S and P100G) and deletions of 1-5 residues at the C terminus. Single mutants yielded proteins that kept both activity and hexameric structure. However, they were severely affected in their stability toward temperature and urea denaturation. When the P100S mutation was combined with any of the C-terminal deletions, the enzyme lost most of its activity and dissociated into dimers. Crystallographic analysis of the P100S protein was performed at 2.6 A resolution. The x-ray structure showed no direct alteration of intersubunits contacts at residue 100, but an induced disruption of the interaction between Asp-115 and the C terminus of another subunit. The substitution of proline 100 to serine corresponds to the Killer-of-prune mutation in Drosophila. Consequences of the mutation are discussed in view of the structural and biochemical properties observed in the mutant Dictyostelium protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karlsson
- Unité de Régulation Enzymatique des Activités Cellulaires, CNRS URA 1149, Institut Pasteur, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
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