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Amin N, Abbasi IN, Wu F, Shi Z, Sundus J, Badry A, Yuan X, Zhao BX, Pan J, Mi XD, Luo Y, Geng Y, Fang M. The Janus face of HIF-1α in ischemic stroke and the possible associated pathways. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105747. [PMID: 38657682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is the most devastating disease, causing paralysis and eventually death. Many clinical and experimental trials have been done in search of a new safe and efficient medicine; nevertheless, scientists have yet to discover successful remedies that are also free of adverse effects. This is owing to the variability in intensity, localization, medication routes, and each patient's immune system reaction. HIF-1α represents the modern tool employed to treat stroke diseases due to its functions: downstream genes such as glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell survival. Its role can be achieved via two downstream EPO and VEGF strongly related to apoptosis and antioxidant processes. Recently, scientists paid more attention to drugs dealing with the HIF-1 pathway. This review focuses on medicines used for ischemia treatment and their potential HIF-1α pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the interaction between HIF-1α and other biological pathways such as oxidative stress; however, a spotlight has been focused on certain potential signalling contributed to the HIF-1α pathway. HIF-1α is an essential regulator of oxygen balance within cells which affects and controls the expression of thousands of genes related to sustaining homeostasis as oxygen levels fluctuate. HIF-1α's role in ischemic stroke strongly depends on the duration and severity of brain damage after onset. HIF-1α remains difficult to investigate, particularly in ischemic stroke, due to alterations in the acute and chronic phases of the disease, as well as discrepancies between the penumbra and ischemic core. This review emphasizes these contrasts and analyzes the future of this intriguing and demanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Amin
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Irum Naz Abbasi
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongjie Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Javaria Sundus
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azhar Badry
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xin Zhao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Mi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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He Y, Cen Y, Tian M. Immunomodulatory hydrogels for skin wound healing: cellular targets and design strategy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2435-2458. [PMID: 38284157 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02626d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Skin wounds significantly impact the global health care system and represent a significant burden on the economy and society due to their complicated dynamic healing processes, wherein a series of immune events are required to coordinate normal and sequential healing phases, involving multiple immunoregulatory cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, since dysfunction of these cells may impede skin wound healing presenting persisting inflammation, impaired vascularization, and excessive collagen deposition. Therefore, cellular target-based immunomodulation is promising to promote wound healing as cells are the smallest unit of life in immune response. Recently, immunomodulatory hydrogels have become an attractive avenue to promote skin wound healing. However, a detailed and comprehensive review of cellular targets and related hydrogel design strategies remains lacking. In this review, the roles of the main immunoregulatory cells participating in skin wound healing are first discussed, and then we highlight the cellular targets and state-of-the-art design strategies for immunomodulatory hydrogels based on immunoregulatory cells that cover defect, infected, diabetic, burn and tumor wounds and related scar healing. Finally, we discuss the barriers that need to be addressed and future prospects to boost the development and prosperity of immunomodulatory hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhai He
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Lücht J, Seiler R, Herre AL, Brankova L, Fritsche-Guenther R, Kirwan J, Huscher D, Münzfeld H, Berger F, Photiadis J, Tong G, Schmitt KRL. Promising results of a clinical feasibility study: CIRBP as a potential biomarker in pediatric cardiac surgery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1247472. [PMID: 38361581 PMCID: PMC10867162 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1247472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cold-inducible RNA binding Protein (CIRBP) has been shown to be a potent inflammatory mediator and could serve as a novel biomarker for inflammation. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and capillary leak syndrome (CLS) are frequent complications after pediatric cardiac surgery increasing morbidity, therefore early diagnosis and therapy is crucial. As CIRBP serum levels have not been analyzed in a pediatric population, we conducted a clinical feasibility establishing a customized magnetic bead panel analyzing CIRBP in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods A prospective hypothesis generating observational clinical study was conducted at the German Heart Center Berlin during a period of 9 months starting in May 2020 (DRKS00020885, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00020885). Serum samples were obtained before the cardiac operation, upon arrival at the pediatric intensive care unit, 6 and 24 h after the operation in patients up to 18 years of age with congenital heart disease (CHD). Customized multiplex magnetic bead-based immunoassay panels were developed to analyze CIRBP, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), Syndecan-1 (SDC-1), Thrombomodulin (TM), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) in 25 µl serum using the Luminex MagPix® system. Results 19 patients representing a broad range of CHD (10 male patients, median age 2 years, 9 female patients, median age 3 years) were included in the feasibility study. CIRBP was detectable in the whole patient cohort. Relative to individual baseline values, CIRBP concentrations increased 6 h after operation and returned to baseline levels over time. IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and MCP-1 concentrations were significantly increased after operation and except for MCP-1 concentrations stayed upregulated over time. SDC-1, TM, Ang-2, as well as FGF-23 concentrations were also significantly increased, whereas VEGF-A concentration was significantly decreased after surgery. Discussion Using customized magnetic bead panels, we were able to detect CIRBP in a minimal serum volume (25 µl) in all enrolled patients. To our knowledge this is the first clinical study to assess CIRBP serum concentrations in a pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Lücht
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité – Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Seiler
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité – Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexa Leona Herre
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité – Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liliya Brankova
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité – Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphaela Fritsche-Guenther
- Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kirwan
- Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dörte Huscher
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Münzfeld
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité – Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Photiadis
- Department of Congenital Heart Surgery and Pediatric Heart Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité – Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giang Tong
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité – Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina R. L. Schmitt
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité – Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Rahati S, Kamalinezhad M, Ebrahimi A, Eshraghian M, Pishva H. Accelerated wound healing induced by spinach extract in experimental model diabetic rats with streptozotocin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14933. [PMID: 37696865 PMCID: PMC10495437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes often have difficult-to-heal wounds. Spinacia oleracea extract comprises anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative compounds; this research, therefore, studied the impact of Spinacia oleracea extracts on ulcer regeneration. This study was conducted on 72 adult Wistar rats (200 [Formula: see text] 20 g). They were randomly divided into six groups of twelve. A: Diabetic group receiving normal saline. B: Non-diabetic group receiving normal saline. C: Diabetic group receiving spinach aqueous extract. D: Diabetic group receiving spinach alcoholic extract. E: preventive group that received aqueous extract for 2 months. F: preventive group that received alcoholic extract for 2 months. Ulcer regeneration, vascular endothelium growth factor, blood sugar, and weight changes were measured on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30. Macroscopic investigation of the wounds non-diabetic control group, diabetic group, as well as spinach aqueous and alcoholic extract groups, were compared and there were significant changes (P < 0.05). Pathologic examination in the spinach aqueous and alcoholic extract groups, and nondiabetic group than in the diabetic group revealed significant advances (P < 0.05). On the third and seventh days, Vascular endothelium growth factor detected significant differences between groups (P < 0.05). Results indicate that, in regenerating diabetic ulcers, Spinacia oleracea may be effective. It influences the ulcer structure and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rahati
- Department of Cellular - Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Abdolali Ebrahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Eshraghian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Pishva
- Department of Cellular - Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zheng SY, Wan XX, Kambey PA, Luo Y, Hu XM, Liu YF, Shan JQ, Chen YW, Xiong K. Therapeutic role of growth factors in treating diabetic wound. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:364-395. [PMID: 37122434 PMCID: PMC10130901 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds in diabetic patients, especially diabetic foot ulcers, are more difficult to heal compared with normal wounds and can easily deteriorate, leading to amputation. Common treatments cannot heal diabetic wounds or control their many complications. Growth factors are found to play important roles in regulating complex diabetic wound healing. Different growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1, insulin-like growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor play different roles in diabetic wound healing. This implies that a therapeutic modality modulating different growth factors to suit wound healing can significantly improve the treatment of diabetic wounds. Further, some current treatments have been shown to promote the healing of diabetic wounds by modulating specific growth factors. The purpose of this study was to discuss the role played by each growth factor in therapeutic approaches so as to stimulate further therapeutic thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Shan
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Antonelli A, Scarpa ES, Bruzzone S, Astigiano C, Piacente F, Bruschi M, Fraternale A, Di Buduo CA, Balduini A, Magnani M. Anoxia Rapidly Induces Changes in Expression of a Large and Diverse Set of Genes in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065157. [PMID: 36982232 PMCID: PMC10049254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinusoidal endothelial cells are the predominant vascular surface of the bone marrow and constitute the functional hematopoietic niche where hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells receive cues for self-renewal, survival, and differentiation. In the bone marrow hematopoietic niche, the oxygen tension is usually very low, and this condition affects stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation and other important functions of this region. Here, we have investigated in vitro the response of endothelial cells to a marked decrease in O2 partial pressure to understand how the basal gene expression of some relevant biological factors (i.e., chemokines and interleukins) that are fundamental for the intercellular communication could change in anoxic conditions. Interestingly, mRNA levels of CXCL3, CXCL5, and IL-34 genes are upregulated after anoxia exposure but become downmodulated by sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) overexpression. Indeed, the expression levels of some other genes (such as Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)) that were not significantly affected by 8 h anoxia exposure become upregulated in the presence of SIRT6. Therefore, SIRT6 mediates also the endothelial cellular response through the modulation of selected genes in an extreme hypoxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Antonelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Astigiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Bruschi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University in Boston, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Yu F, Li X, Chen X, Zhu D, Sun J, Huang Q, Li M, Sun M, Zhang P. CircRNA_06354 might promote early-onset preeclampsia in humans via hsa-miR-92a-3p/vascular endothelial growth factor-A. J Hypertens 2023; 41:494-507. [PMID: 36728267 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) is a serious pregnancy disorder with multisystem complications. Recently, circRNA was reported to participate in the progression of EOPE. However, the role and mechanism of circRNA_06354 in the pathophysiological development of EOPE remain unclear. METHODS Blood samples from patients with EOPE and healthy pregnant controls (CTRL) were analyzed by RNA-seq. functions and mechanisms of circRNA_06354 in EOPE were investigated by a series of experiments. An EOPE rat model was constructed to detect the expression levels of circRNA_06354. RESULTS The level of circRNA_06354 was altered in EOPE and CTRL individuals, as well as EOPE and CTRL rats. CircRNA_06354 had a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 100% in predicting EOPE. Subcellular localization indicated that circRNA_06354 was primarily detected in the cytoplasm of HTR8-/SV-neo cells and the cytotrophoblast of EOPE placentas. In addition, circRNA_06354 transcription was markedly higher than that of its linear counterpart. RNA pull-down assays implied that hsa-miR-92a-3p might sponge circRNA_06354. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) levels were found to be increased in EOPE patients. Moreover, overexpression of circRNA_06354 suppressed the migration, invasion and tube formation of trophoblastic cells invading spiral arteries or the endometrium. CONCLUSION CircRNA_06354 inhibits trophoblastic cell invasion, migration and tube formation toward the endometrium in the initiation of EOPE. The circRNA_06354/hsa-miR-92a-3p/VEGF-A axis might be a therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of EOPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu
| | | | - Dan Zhu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Min Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
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Sikorski V, Vento A, Kankuri E. Emerging roles of the RNA modifications N6-methyladenosine and adenosine-to-inosine in cardiovascular diseases. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:426-461. [PMID: 35991314 PMCID: PMC9366019 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases lead the mortality and morbidity disease metrics worldwide. A multitude of chemical base modifications in ribonucleic acids (RNAs) have been linked with key events of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Named either RNA epigenetics or epitranscriptomics, the post-transcriptional RNA modifications, their regulatory pathways, components, and downstream effects substantially contribute to the ways our genetic code is interpreted. Here we review the accumulated discoveries to date regarding the roles of the two most common epitranscriptomic modifications, N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilbert Sikorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vento
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Corresponding author Esko Kankuri, M.D. Ph.D., Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Kuppuswamy S, Annex BH, Ganta VC. Targeting Anti-Angiogenic VEGF 165b-VEGFR1 Signaling Promotes Nitric Oxide Independent Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Preclinical Peripheral Artery Disease Models. Cells 2022; 11:2676. [PMID: 36078086 PMCID: PMC9454804 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is the critical regulator of VEGFR2-induced angiogenesis. Neither VEGF-A over-expression nor L-Arginine (NO-precursor) supplementation has been effective in helping patients with Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) in clinical trials. One incompletely studied reason may be due to the presence of the less characterized anti-angiogenic VEGF-A (VEGF165b) isoform. We have recently shown that VEGF165b inhibits ischemic angiogenesis by blocking VEGFR1, not VEGFR2 activation. Here we wanted to determine whether VEGF165b inhibition using a monoclonal isoform-specific antibody against VEGF165b vs. control, improved perfusion recovery in preclinical PAD models that have impaired VEGFR2-NO signaling, including (1) type-2 diabetic model, (2) endothelial Nitric oxide synthase-knock out mice, and (3) Myoglobin transgenic mice that have impaired NO bioavailability. In all PAD models, VEGF165b inhibition vs. control enhanced perfusion recovery, increased microvascular density in the ischemic limb, and activated VEGFR1-STAT3 signaling. In vitro, VEGF165b inhibition vs. control enhanced a VEGFR1-dependent endothelial survival/proliferation and angiogenic capacity. These data demonstrate that VEGF165b inhibition induces VEGFR1-STAT3 activation, which does not require increased NO to induce therapeutic angiogenesis in PAD. These results may have implications for advancing therapies for patients with PAD where the VEGFR2-eNOS-NO pathway is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vijay C. Ganta
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Droma Y, Hanaoka M, Kinjo T, Kobayashi N, Yasuo M, Kitaguchi Y, Ota M. The blunted vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) response to high-altitude hypoxia and genetic variants in the promoter region of the VEGFA gene in Sherpa highlanders. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13893. [PMID: 35996666 PMCID: PMC9392454 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sherpa highlanders demonstrate extraordinary tolerance to hypoxia at high altitudes, which may be achieved by mechanisms promoting microcirculatory blood flow and capillary density at high altitudes for restoring oxygen supply to tissues. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are important signaling proteins involved in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis which are stimulated by hypoxia. We hypothesize that the VEGF-A, the major member of the VEGF family, and the gene encoding VEGF-A (VEGFA) play a part in the adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in Sherpa highlanders. Methods Fifty-one Sherpa highlanders in Namche Bazaar village at a high altitude of 3,440 meters (m) above sea level and 76 non-Sherpa lowlanders in Kathmandu city at 1,300 m in Nepal were recruited for the study. Venous blood was sampled to obtain plasma and extract DNA from each subject. The plasma VEGF-A concentrations were measured and five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs699947, rs833061, rs1570360, rs2010963, and rs3025039) in the VEGFA were genotyped. The VEGF-A levels and allelic frequencies of the SNPs were compared between the two populations. Results A significant difference in oxygen saturation (SpO2) was observed between the two ethnic groups locating at different elevations (93.7 ± 0.2% in Sherpas at 3,440 m vs. 96.7 ± 0.2% in non-Sherpas at 1,300 m, P < 0.05). The plasma VEGF-A concentration in the Sherpas at high altitude was on the same level as that in the non-Sherpas at low altitude (262.8 ± 17.9 pg/ml vs. 266.8 ± 21.8 pg/ml, P = 0.88). This result suggested that the plasma VEGF-A concentration in Sherpa highlanders was stable despite a high-altitude hypoxic stimulus and that therefore the Sherpas exhibited a phenotype of blunted response to hypoxic stress. Moreover, the allele frequencies of the SNPs rs699947, rs833061, and rs2010963 in the promoter region of the VEGFA were different between the Sherpa highlanders and non-Sherpa lowlanders (corrected P values = 3.30 ×10-5, 4.95 ×10-4, and 1.19 ×10-7, respectively). Conclusions Sherpa highlanders exhibited a blunted VEGF-A response to hypoxia at high altitudes, which was speculated to be associated with the distinctive genetic variations of the SNPs and haplotype in the promoter region of VEGFA in Sherpa highlanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunden Droma
- The First Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hanaoka
- The First Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takumi Kinjo
- The First Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Kobayashi
- The First Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masanori Yasuo
- The First Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kitaguchi
- The First Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masao Ota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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11
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Atef MM, Shafik NM, Hafez YM, Watany MM, Selim A, Shafik HM, Safwat El-Deeb O. The evolving role of long noncoding RNA HIF1A-AS2 in diabetic retinopathy: a cross-link axis between hypoxia, oxidative stress and angiogenesis via MAPK/VEGF-dependent pathway. Redox Rep 2022; 27:70-78. [PMID: 35285425 PMCID: PMC8928809 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2050086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) signifies a frequent serious diabetic complication influencing retinal structure and function. Dysregulation of lncRNAs drives a wide array of human diseases especially diabetes; thus, we aimed to study lncRNA HIF1A-AS2 role and its interplay with hypoxia, oxidative stress (OS), and angiogenesis in DR. Materials and methods 60 DM patients in addition to 15 healthy subjects. were enrolled. LncRNA HIF1A-AS2 mRNA relative gene expression was assessed. Hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and endoglin levels were assessed. Detection of DNA damage using comet assay, and Redox status parameters were also detected. Results LncRNA HIF1A-AS2 expression was significantly increased in diabetic patients with the highest levels in proliferative DR patients. Moreover, HIFα, VEGF, MAPK, and Endogolin levels were significantly higher in the diabetic patients compared to control group with the highest levels in in proliferative DR patients. Significant DNA damage in comet assay was observed to be the highest in this group. Conclusion We observed for the first time the imminent role of long noncoding RNA HIF1A-AS2 in DR throughout its stages and its interplay with hypoxia, OS, and angiogenesis via MAPK/VEGF-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mohamed Atef
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Shafik
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasser Mostafa Hafez
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona Mohamed Watany
- Clinical pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amal Selim
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Shafik
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Omnia Safwat El-Deeb
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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12
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Beneficial Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Wound Healing in a Diabetic Mouse: Role of VEGF and NO. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is delayed in patients with diabetes. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has been identified as an effective constituent of propolis with improved wound healing abilities via an oxidative stress decrease. However, its impact on wound healing in diabetic models and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Determining the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contents in a human vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-conditioned medium was assessed using human VEGF immunoassay and vascular reactivity using porcine coronary artery rings. Later, C57BL/6 or db/db mice were anesthetized, after which a 6-mm biopsy punch was manipulated for perforation via the back skin. Subsequently, CAPE was applied to the wound and changed daily. Furthermore, the injury in each mouse was digitally photographed, and the wound area was quantified. We observed that CAPE increased VEGF levels in human VSMC-conditioned medium, improved endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasorelaxation, inhibited U46619-induced vasoconstriction porcine coronary artery, and enhanced cutaneous wound healing in the diabetic mouse model. Hence, we propose that CAPE improves wound healing in diabetic mice, which is aided by increased VEGF and NO expression.
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Onuma T, Mizutani T, Fujita Y, Yamada S, Yoshida Y. Copper content in ascitic fluid is associated with angiogenesis and progression in ovarian cancer. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126865. [PMID: 34601284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascites is associated with the poor prognosis of malignant tumors. The biological importance of the changes in the content of trace elements in the ascitic fluid is unknown. Herein, we analyzed trace elements in the ascitic fluid of patients with ovarian tumors and used cultured cells to determine the copper (Cu)-induced changes in gene expression in ovarian cancer. METHODS Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to compare ascitic fluid trace element levels in patients with benign ovarian tumors (n = 22) and borderline/malignant tumors (n = 5) for primary screening. Cu levels were validated using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in 88 benign, 11 borderline, and 25 malignant ovarian tumor patients. To confirm Cu-induced gene expression changes, microarray analysis was performed for Cu-treated OVCAR3, A2780, and Met5A cells. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration in the cell supernatant or ascitic fluid (ovarian cancer samples) was measured using ELISA. RESULTS ICP-MS showed that Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, and Mo levels significantly increased in patients with malignant/borderline ovarian tumors compared to those in patients with benign ovarian tumors. AAS showed that malignant ovarian tumors were independently associated with elevated levels of Cu in ascites adjusted for age, body mass index, alcohol, smoking, and supplement use (p < 0.001). Microarray analysis of both Cu-treated ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3 and A2780 and the mesothelial cell line Met-5A revealed the upregulation of the angiogenesis biological process. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA demonstrated that an increased Cu content significantly enhanced VEGF mRNA expression and protein secretion in OVCAR3, A2780, and Met-5A cells. VEGF levels and clinical stages of the tumors correlated with the ascitic fluid Cu content in patients with malignant ovarian tumors (correlation coefficient 0.445, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.069-0.710, p = 0.023 and correlation coefficient 0.406, 95 % CI: 0.022-0.686, p = 0.040, respectively). CONCLUSION Cu levels significantly increased in patients with malignant ovarian cancer. Cu induced angiogenic effects in ovarian cancer and mesothelial cells, which affected ascites fluid production. This study clarifies the link between elevated Cu in ascites and malignant ovarian tumor progression. Strategies to decrease Cu levels in the ascitic fluid may help downregulate VEGF expression, thereby improving the prognosis of ovarian malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimichi Onuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Welfare Sciences, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shizuka Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
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Rujirachotiwat A, Suttamanatwong S. Curcumin upregulates transforming growth factor-β1, its receptors, and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions in an in vitro human gingival fibroblast wound healing model. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:535. [PMID: 34657625 PMCID: PMC8522235 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin accelerates healing of oral wounds; however, the responsible mechanisms remain underexplored. Our hypothesis is curcumin regulates the expression of wound healing-related genes in human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). This study investigated whether curcumin regulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, type I TGF-β receptor (TGF-βRI), type II TGF-β receptor (TGF-βRII), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in unwounded hGFs and an in vitro hGF wound healing model. METHODS The cytotoxicity of curcumin was evaluated using the MTT assay. Unwounded hGFs were treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of curcumin for 24 h. Gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Then, hGFs were treated with 1 µM curcumin in an in vitro wound healing model. PD98059 pretreatment was performed to determine whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling was required for regulation of gene expression by curcumin. RESULTS Curcumin at 0.1-20 µM caused no significant change in cell viability. In unwounded hGFs, curcumin had no significant effect on TGF-β1, TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, or VEGF expression. Conversely, curcumin significantly upregulated the expression of these genes in the in vitro wound healing model. PD98059 significantly attenuated the curcumin-stimulated TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, and VEGF expression, whereas it had no effect on TGF-β1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin upregulated TGF-β1, TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, and VEGF expression in an in vitro hGF wound healing model. The ERK pathway is required for TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, and VEGF induction by curcumin. Our findings support the development of curcumin as a therapeutic agent for gingival ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auspreeya Rujirachotiwat
- Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Banphue Hospital, 134 Moo 2, Plubphue Road, Banphue District, Udonthani, 41160, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Suttamanatwong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Whelan IT, Moeendarbary E, Hoey DA, Kelly DJ. Biofabrication of vasculature in microphysiological models of bone. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34034238 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac04f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone contains a dense network of blood vessels that are essential to its homoeostasis, endocrine function, mineral metabolism and regenerative functions. In addition, bone vasculature is implicated in a number of prominent skeletal diseases, and bone has high affinity for metastatic cancers. Despite vasculature being an integral part of bone physiology and pathophysiology, it is often ignored or oversimplified inin vitrobone models. However, 3D physiologically relevant vasculature can now be engineeredin vitro, with microphysiological systems (MPS) increasingly being used as platforms for engineering this physiologically relevant vasculature. In recent years, vascularised models of bone in MPSs systems have been reported in the literature, representing the beginning of a possible technological step change in how bone is modelledin vitro. Vascularised bone MPSs is a subfield of bone research in its nascency, however given the impact of MPSs has had inin vitroorgan modelling, and the crucial role of vasculature to bone physiology, these systems stand to have a substantial impact on bone research. However, engineering vasculature within the specific design restraints of the bone niche is significantly challenging given the different requirements for engineering bone and vasculature. With this in mind, this paper aims to serve as technical guidance for the biofabrication of vascularised bone tissue within MPS devices. We first discuss the key engineering and biological considerations for engineering more physiologically relevant vasculaturein vitrowithin the specific design constraints of the bone niche. We next explore emerging applications of vascularised bone MPSs, and conclude with a discussion on the current status of vascularised bone MPS biofabrication and suggest directions for development of next generation vascularised bone MPSs.
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Biology and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target in Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105387. [PMID: 34065409 PMCID: PMC8161097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases constitute a diversified group of diseases distinguished by arthritis and often involve other organs. The affected individual has low quality of life, productivity even life-threatening in some severe conditions. Moreover, they impose significant economic and social burdens. In recent years, the patient outcome has been improved significantly due to clearer comprehension of the pathology of rheumatic diseases and the effectiveness of "treat to target" therapies. However, the high cost and the adverse effects are the concerns and full remissions are not often observed. One of the main processes that contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases is angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a central mediator that regulates angiogenesis, has different isoforms and functions in various physiological processes. Increasing evidence suggests an association between the VEGF system and rheumatic diseases. Anti-VEGF and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) therapies have been used to treat several cancers and eye diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of VEGF biology and its role in the context of rheumatic diseases, the contribution of VEGF bioavailability in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases, and the potential implications of therapeutic approaches targeting VEGF for these diseases.
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Engineered human meniscus' matrix-forming phenotype is unaffected by low strain dynamic compression under hypoxic conditions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248292. [PMID: 33690647 PMCID: PMC7946300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low oxygen and mechanical loading may play roles in regulating the fibrocartilaginous phenotype of the human inner meniscus, but their combination in engineered tissues remains unstudied. Here, we investigated how continuous low oxygen (“hypoxia”) combined with dynamic compression would affect the fibrocartilaginous “inner meniscus-like” matrix-forming phenotype of human meniscus fibrochondrocytes (MFCs) in a porous type I collagen scaffold. Freshly-seeded MFC scaffolds were cultured for 4 weeks in either 3 or 20% O2 or pre-cultured for 2 weeks in 3% O2 and then dynamically compressed for 2 weeks (10% strain, 1 Hz, 1 h/day, 5 days/week), all with or without TGF-β3 supplementation. TGF-β3 supplementation was found necessary to induce matrix formation by MFCs in the collagen scaffold regardless of oxygen tension and application of the dynamic compression loading regime. Neither hypoxia under static culture nor hypoxia combined with dynamic compression had significant effects on expression of specific protein and mRNA markers for the fibrocartilaginous matrix-forming phenotype. Mechanical properties significantly increased over the two-week loading period but were not different between static and dynamic-loaded tissues after the loading period. These findings indicate that 3% O2 applied immediately after scaffold seeding and dynamic compression to 10% strain do not affect the fibrocartilaginous matrix-forming phenotype of human MFCs in this type I collagen scaffold. It is possible that a delayed hypoxia treatment and an optimized pre-culture period and loading regime combination would have led to different outcomes.
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Korbecki J, Kojder K, Kapczuk P, Kupnicka P, Gawrońska-Szklarz B, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors-A Review of Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020843. [PMID: 33467722 PMCID: PMC7830156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Either as chronic or cycling hypoxia, it exerts a similar effect on cancer processes by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor (NF-κB), with cycling hypoxia showing a stronger proinflammatory influence. One of the systems affected by hypoxia is the CXC chemokine system. This paper reviews all available information on hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of all CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 (SDF-1), CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CXCL17) as well as CXC chemokine receptors—CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7 and CXCR8. First, we present basic information on the effect of these chemoattractant cytokines on cancer processes. We then discuss the effect of hypoxia-induced changes on CXC chemokine expression on the angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and recruitment of various cells to the tumor niche, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Finally, the review summarizes data on the use of drugs targeting the CXC chemokine system in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Kapczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Barbara Gawrońska-Szklarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914661515
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Solanki AK, Lali FV, Autefage H, Agarwal S, Nommeots-Nomm A, Metcalfe AD, Stevens MM, Jones JR. Bioactive glasses and electrospun composites that release cobalt to stimulate the HIF pathway for wound healing applications. Biomater Res 2021; 25:1. [PMID: 33451366 PMCID: PMC7811269 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-020-00202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioactive glasses are traditionally associated with bonding to bone through a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) surface layer but the release of active ions is more important for bone regeneration. They are now being used to deliver ions for soft tissue applications, particularly wound healing. Cobalt is known to simulate hypoxia and provoke angiogenesis. The aim here was to develop new bioactive glass compositions designed to be scaffold materials to locally deliver pro-angiogenic cobalt ions, at a controlled rate, without forming an HCA layer, for wound healing applications. METHODS New melt-derived bioactive glass compositions were designed that had the same network connectivity (mean number of bridging covalent bonds between silica tetrahedra), and therefore similar biodegradation rate, as the original 45S5 Bioglass. The amount of magnesium and cobalt in the glass was varied, with the aim of reducing or removing calcium and phosphate from the compositions. Electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/bioactive glass composites were also produced. Glasses were tested for ion release in dissolution studies and their influence on Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) from fibroblast cells was investigated. RESULTS Dissolution tests showed the silica rich layer differed depending on the amount of MgO in the glass, which influenced the delivery of cobalt. The electrospun composites delivered a more sustained ion release relative to glass particles alone. Exposing fibroblasts to conditioned media from these composites did not cause a detrimental effect on metabolic activity but glasses containing cobalt did stabilise HIF-1α and provoked a significantly higher expression of VEGF (not seen in Co-free controls). CONCLUSIONS The composite fibres containing new bioactive glass compositions delivered cobalt ions at a sustained rate, which could be mediated by the magnesium content of the glass. The dissolution products stabilised HIF-1α and provoked a significantly higher expression of VEGF, suggesting the composites activated the HIF pathway to stimulate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu K Solanki
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ferdinand V Lali
- The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & St Mark's Hospitals Campus, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Hélène Autefage
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shweta Agarwal
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Amy Nommeots-Nomm
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anthony D Metcalfe
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Engel P, Ranieri M, Felthaus O, Geis S, Haubner F, Aung T, Seyfried T, Prantl L, Pawlik MT. Effect of HBO therapy on adipose-derived stem cells, fibroblasts and co-cultures: In vitro study of oxidative stress, angiogenic potential and production of pro-inflammatory growth factors in co-cultures1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 76:459-471. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-209222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A key moderator of wound healing is oxygen. Wound healing is a dynamic and carefully orchestrated process involving blood cells, cytokines, parenchymal cells (i.e. fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells) and extracellular matrix reorganization. Human adipose derived stem cells as well as human fibroblasts produce soluble factors, exhibit diverse effects on inflammation and anti inflammation response and are involved in wound healing processes. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an effective adjunct treatment for ischemic disorders such as chronic infection or chronic wounds. In vitro effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on human cells were presented in many studies except for those on mono- and co-cultures of human adipose derived stem cells and fibroblasts. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on mono- and co-cultures of human adipose derived stem cells and fibroblasts. METHODS: Mono- and co-cultures from human adipose derived stem cells and fibroblasts were established. These cultures were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen therapy every 24 h for five consecutive days. Measuring experiments were performed on the first, third and fifth day. Therapy effects on the expression of VEGF, IL 6 and reactive oxygen species were investigated. RESULTS: After exposure to hyperbaric oxygen, cell culturess showed a significant increase in the expression of VEGF after 3 and 5 days. All cultures showed significantly reduced formation of reactive oxygen species throughout the experiments. The expression of IL-6 decreased during the experiment in mono-cultures of human adipose derived stem cells and co-cultures. In contrast, mono-cultures of human skin fibroblasts showed an overall significantly increased expression of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy leads to immunmodulatory and proangiogenetic effects in a wound-like enviroment of adipose derived stem cells and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Engel
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Ranieri
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - O. Felthaus
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S. Geis
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F. Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T. Aung
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T. Seyfried
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L. Prantl
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - MT. Pawlik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Josef Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Kambara Y, Kobayashi E, Katsuragi H, Tanaka A. Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.30.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kambara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Eizaburo Kobayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Hiroaki Katsuragi
- Department of Microbiology, The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Advanced Research Center School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
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Xin J, Zhang H, He Y, Duren Z, Bai C, Chen L, Luo X, Yan DS, Zhang C, Zhu X, Yuan Q, Feng Z, Cui C, Qi X, Ouzhuluobu, Wong WH, Wang Y, Su B. Chromatin accessibility landscape and regulatory network of high-altitude hypoxia adaptation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4928. [PMID: 33004791 PMCID: PMC7529806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude adaptation of Tibetans represents a remarkable case of natural selection during recent human evolution. Previous genome-wide scans found many non-coding variants under selection, suggesting a pressing need to understand the functional role of non-coding regulatory elements (REs). Here, we generate time courses of paired ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data on cultured HUVECs under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We further develop a variant interpretation methodology (vPECA) to identify active selected REs (ASREs) and associated regulatory network. We discover three causal SNPs of EPAS1, the key adaptive gene for Tibetans. These SNPs decrease the accessibility of ASREs with weakened binding strength of relevant TFs, and cooperatively down-regulate EPAS1 expression. We further construct the downstream network of EPAS1, elucidating its roles in hypoxic response and angiogenesis. Collectively, we provide a systematic approach to interpret phenotype-associated noncoding variants in proper cell types and relevant dynamic conditions, to model their impact on gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zhana Duren
- Departments of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - Caijuan Bai
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, 850000, Lhasa, China
| | - Lang Chen
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Yan
- School of Mathematical Science, Inner Mongolia University, 010021, Huhhot, China
| | - Chaoyu Zhang
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Departments of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qiuyue Yuan
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanying Feng
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Cui
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, 850000, Lhasa, China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Ouzhuluobu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, 850000, Lhasa, China
| | - Wing Hung Wong
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Departments of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Yong Wang
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 330106, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China.
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23
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Wang Z, Xu Q, Zhang N, Du X, Xu G, Yan X. CD146, from a melanoma cell adhesion molecule to a signaling receptor. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:148. [PMID: 32782280 PMCID: PMC7421905 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD146 was originally identified as a melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) and highly expressed in many tumors and endothelial cells. However, the evidence that CD146 acts as an adhesion molecule to mediate a homophilic adhesion through the direct interactions between CD146 and itself is still lacking. Recent evidence revealed that CD146 is not merely an adhesion molecule, but also a cellular surface receptor of miscellaneous ligands, including some growth factors and extracellular matrixes. Through the bidirectional interactions with its ligands, CD146 is actively involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes of cells. Overexpression of CD146 can be observed in most of malignancies and is implicated in nearly every step of the development and progression of cancers, especially vascular and lymphatic metastasis. Thus, immunotherapy against CD146 would provide a promising strategy to inhibit metastasis, which accounts for the majority of cancer-associated deaths. Therefore, to deepen the understanding of CD146, we review the reports describing the newly identified ligands of CD146 and discuss the implications of these findings in establishing novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingji Xu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Nengwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Hepatobiliary Tumor Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Du
- Departments of Pathology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhong Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Hepatobiliary Tumor Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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24
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Okamoto M, Watanabe M, Inoue N, Ogawa K, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y. Gene polymorphisms of VEGF and VEGFR2 are associated with the severity of Hashimoto's disease and the intractability of Graves' disease, respectively. Endocr J 2020; 67:545-559. [PMID: 32074519 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of main regulators of angiogenesis that functions by binding to its receptors, including VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 2. There are few data available regarding the association between VEGF and VEGFR polymorphisms and the susceptibility to and prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). To elucidate this association, we genotyped four functional VEGF and two VEGFR2 polymorphisms and measured serum VEGF levels. In the four functional VEGF polymorphisms, the frequencies of the I carrier and I allele of VEGF -2549 I/D, which has lower activity, were higher in patients with severe HD than in those with mild HD. In the two functional VEGFR2 polymorphisms, the frequency of the rs2071559 CC genotype, which has higher activity, was higher in patients with intractable GD than in controls, and the proportion of GD patients with larger goiters was higher in those with the CC genotype. Moreover, the frequency of the rs1870377 TT genotype with higher activity was higher in patients with intractable GD than in those with GD in remission. Combinations of VEGF and VEGFR2 polymorphisms with stronger interactions were associated with the intractability of GD. Serum VEGF levels were higher in HD and AITD patients than those in controls. In conclusion, VEGF polymorphisms with lower activity were associated with the severity of HD, while VEGFR2 polymorphisms and the combinations of VEGF and VEGFR2 polymorphisms, which have stronger interactions, were associated with the intractability of GD. VEGF and VEGFR2 polymorphisms were associated with HD severity and GD intractability, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Okamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoya Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazane Ogawa
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoh Hidaka
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iwatani
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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25
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Shi Y, Sun L, Wang M, Liu J, Zhong S, Li R, Li P, Guo L, Fang A, Chen R, Ge WP, Wu Q, Wang X. Vascularized human cortical organoids (vOrganoids) model cortical development in vivo. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000705. [PMID: 32401820 PMCID: PMC7250475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling the processes of neuronal progenitor proliferation and differentiation to produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is essential for the study of human brain development and the search for potential cell therapies. We demonstrated a novel paradigm for the generation of vascularized organoids (vOrganoids) consisting of typical human cortical cell types and a vascular structure for over 200 days as a vascularized and functional brain organoid model. The observation of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs), spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs), and bidirectional electrical transmission indicated the presence of chemical and electrical synapses in vOrganoids. More importantly, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis illustrated that vOrganoids exhibited robust neurogenesis and that cells of vOrganoids differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to blood vessel morphogenesis. The transplantation of vOrganoids into the mouse S1 cortex resulted in the construction of functional human-mouse blood vessels in the grafts that promoted cell survival in the grafts. This vOrganoid culture method could not only serve as a model to study human cortical development and explore brain disease pathology but also provide potential prospects for new cell therapies for nervous system disorders and injury. This study establishes a method to generate vascularized cortical organoids. This shows that in addition to reducing hypoxia and cell death, the vascular system promotes neural development in organoids. When transplanting these organoids into host mice, a graft-host vascular system could be reconstructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suijuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Woo-Ping Ge
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QW); (XW)
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QW); (XW)
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26
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Zhou C, Zou QY, Jiang YZ, Zheng J. Role of oxygen in fetoplacental endothelial responses: hypoxia, physiological normoxia, or hyperoxia? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C943-C953. [PMID: 32267717 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00528.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, placental vascular growth, which is essential for supporting the rapidly growing fetus, is associated with marked elevations in blood flow. These vascular changes take place under chronic physiological low O2 (less than 2-8% O2 in human; chronic physiological normoxia, CPN) throughout pregnancy. O2 level below CPN pertinent to the placenta results in placental hypoxia. Such hypoxia can cause severe endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., preeclampsia) and high risk of adult-onset cardiovascular diseases in children born to these pregnancy complications. However, our current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying fetoplacental endothelial function is derived primarily from cell models established under atmospheric O2 (~21% O2 at sea level, hyperoxia). Recent evidence has shown that fetoplacental endothelial cells cultured under CPN have distinct gene expression profiles and cellular responses compared with cells cultured under chronic hyperoxia. These data indicate the critical roles of CPN in programming fetal endothelial function and prompt us to re-examine the mechanisms governing fetoplacental endothelial function under CPN. Better understanding these mechanisms will facilitate us to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for endothelial dysfunction-associated diseases (e.g., preeclampsia). This review will provide a brief summary on the impacts of CPN on endothelial function and its underlying mechanisms with a focus on fetoplacental endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhou
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Qing-Yun Zou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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27
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Janyou A, Wicha P, Seechamnanturakit V, Bumroongkit K, Tocharus C, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus J. Dihydrocapsaicin-induced angiogenesis and improved functional recovery after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in a rat model. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 143:9-16. [PMID: 32107104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the long-term effects of dihydrocapsaicin (DHC)-induced angiogenesis and improved functional outcomes in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) rats. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in I/R rats for 2 h, followed by reperfusion. The animals were divided into three groups: sham, I/R + vehicle, and I/R + DHC (10 mg/kg body weight). Fourteen days after I/R injury, the DHC-treated I/R rats had decreased neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, and brain morphology changes. DHC-induced angiogenesis significantly increased the expression of angiogenic factor proteins, such as hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9), at 3 d and 14 d following I/R and also increased the expression of angiogenic inhibitors, such as angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) and its receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2), at 14 d following reperfusion. DHC-mediated angiogenesis was confirmed by a significant increase in positive BrdU labeling that co-localized with the von Willebrand factor (an endothelial cell marker) at 14 d after I/R. Furthermore, rotarod and pole tests demonstrated that DHC promoted functional recovery when compared with the vehicle group. Thus, the results reveal that DHC mediates angiogenesis and functional recovery after an ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adchara Janyou
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyawadee Wicha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Vatcharee Seechamnanturakit
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Kanokkan Bumroongkit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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28
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Hussein KH, Park KM, Yu L, Song SH, Woo HM, Kwak HH. Vascular reconstruction: A major challenge in developing a functional whole solid organ graft from decellularized organs. Acta Biomater 2020; 103:68-80. [PMID: 31887454 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineering a functional organ holds great potential to overcome the current gap between the organ need and shortage of available organs. Whole organ decellularization allows the removal of cells from large-scale organs, leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different growth factors, structural proteins, and a vascular network with a bare surface. Successful application of decellularized tissues as transplantable organs is hampered by the inability to completely reline the vasculature by endothelial cells (ECs), leading to blood coagulation, loss of vascular patency, and subsequent death of reseeded cells. Therefore, an intact, continuous layer of endothelium is essential to maintain proper functioning of the vascular system, which includes the transfer of nutrients to surrounding tissues and protecting other types of cells from shear stress. Here, we aimed to summarize the available cell sources that can be used for reendothelialization in addition to different trials performed by researchers to reconstruct vascularization of decellularized solid organs. Additionally, different techniques for enhancing reendothelialization and the methods used for evaluating reendothelialization efficiency along with the future prospective applications of this field are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the great progress in whole organ decellularization, reconstruction of vasculature within the engineered constructs is still a major roadblock. Reconstructed endothelium acts as a multifunctional barrier of vessels, which can reduce thrombosis and help delivering of oxygen and nutrients throughout the whole organ. Successful reendothelialization can be achieved through reseeding of appropriate cell types on the naked vasculature with or without modification of its surface. Here, we present the current research milestones that so far established to reconstruct the vascular network in addition to the methods used for evaluating the efficiency of reendotheilization. Thus, this review is quite significant and will aid the researchers to know where we stand toward biofabricating a transplantable organ from decellularizd extracellular matrix.
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29
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Use of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) as a Model to Study Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and extensive research has been performed to understand this disease better, using various experimental models. The endothelium plays a crucial role in the development of CVD, since it is an interface between bloodstream components, such as monocytes and platelets, and other arterial wall components. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) isolation from umbilical cord was first described in 1973. To date, this model is still widely used because of the high HUVEC isolation success rate, and because HUVEC are an excellent model to study a broad array of diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We here review the history of HUVEC isolation, the HUVEC model over time, HUVEC culture characteristics and conditions, advantages and disadvantages of this model and finally, its applications in the area of cardiovascular diseases.
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30
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Xu H, Zou X, Xia P, Aboudi MAK, Chen R, Huang H. Differential Effects of Platelets Selectively Activated by Protease-Activated Receptors on Meniscal Cells. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:197-209. [PMID: 31765237 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519886120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniscal injury is very common, and injured meniscal tissue has a limited healing ability because of poor vascularity. Platelets contain both pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, which can be released by platelet selective activation. HYPOTHESIS Platelets release a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) when they are activated by protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), whereas the platelets release endostatin when they are activated by protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4). The PAR1-treated platelets enhance the proliferation of meniscal cells in vitro and promote in vivo healing of wounded meniscal tissue. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHOD Platelets were isolated from human blood and activated with different reagents. The released growth factors from the activated platelets were determined by immunostaining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of the platelets with different treatments on meniscal cells were tested by an in vitro model of cell culture and an in vivo model of wounded meniscal healing. RESULTS The results indicated that platelets contained both pro- and antiangiogenic factors including VEGF and endostatin. In unactivated platelets, VEGF and endostatin were contained inside of the platelets. Both VEGF and endostatin were released from the platelets when they were activated by thrombin. However, only VEGF was released from the platelets when they were activated by PAR1, and only endostatin was released from the platelets when they were activated by PAR4. The rat meniscal cells grew much faster in the medium that contained PAR1-activated platelets than in the medium that contained either PAR4-activated platelets or unactivated platelets. The wounds treated with PAR1-activated platelets healed faster than those treated with either PAR4-activated platelets or unactivated platelets. Many blood vessel-like structures were found in the wounded menisci treated with PAR1-activated platelets. CONCLUSION The PAR1-activated platelets released high levels of VEGF, which increased the proliferation of rat meniscal cells in vitro, enhanced the vascularization of menisci in vivo, and promoted healing of wounded menisci. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results suggested that selective activated platelets can be used clinically to enhance healing of wounded meniscal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyao Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangjie Zou
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengcheng Xia
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Kamal Aboudi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopaedic Regeneration Medicine Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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31
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Wolff KD, Ritschl LM, von Bomhard A, Braun C, Wolff C, Fichter AM. In vivo perfusion of free skin flaps using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2019; 48:90-97. [PMID: 31874806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vessel-depleted, irradiated, and frozen neck, as well as severe atherosclerosis of recipient vessels represent challenging problems in free flap transfer. Extracorporeal free flap perfusion theoretically allows free flap reconstructions in the absence of local donor vessels, but is associated with a number of technical issues. In this study, a novel technique is presented using a commercially available system for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), modified for small blood volumes. METHODS After preclinical testing, an ECMO system certified for lung support was used to establish blood flow through the flap's artery with oxygenation, decarboxylation and warming of diluted packed blood cells. Venous blood was allowed to flow passively into a separate container. Perfusion was performed for 15 min at intervals of 4 h over 4-6 days. RESULTS Five patients with soft tissue defects requiring free flap reconstruction were included. Either primarily thinned anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps (n = 3) or radial forearm flaps (n = 2) were used. We observed infection of the perfusate, with consequent subtotal flap loss, in one patient, complete epithelial loss in two patients, venous congestion in one case, and almost uneventful healing in the fifth patient. With conservative wound care and a split thickness skin graft in one case, stable wound coverage was achieved in all patients except one, who had secondary healing. None of the patients required a second flap for sufficient coverage. CONCLUSIONS The technique described is associated with the risks of infection, flap congestion, nutritive hypoperfusion, and consequent tissue loss. Nevertheless, stable defect closure seems to be achievable even in patients with depleted recipient vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany.
| | - Lucas M Ritschl
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Achim von Bomhard
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Christian Braun
- University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, Nußbaumstraße 26, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Constantin Wolff
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Andreas M Fichter
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany.
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Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAII) supports tumor blood endothelial cell survival under lactic acidosis in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:169. [PMID: 31847904 PMCID: PMC6918655 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) perform tumor angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor cells produce large amounts of lactic acid from glycolysis; however, the mechanism underlying the survival of TECs to enable tumor angiogenesis under high lactic acid conditions in tumors remains poorly understood. Methodology The metabolomes of TECs and normal endothelial cells (NECs) were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The expressions of pH regulators in TECs and NECs were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Cell proliferation was measured by the MTS assay. Western blotting and ELISA were used to validate monocarboxylate transporter 1 and carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAII) protein expression within the cells, respectively. Human tumor xenograft models were used to access the effect of CA inhibition on tumor angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe CAII expression, quantify tumor microvasculature, microvessel pericyte coverage, and hypoxia. Results The present study shows that, unlike NECs, TECs proliferate in lactic acidic. TECs showed an upregulated CAII expression both in vitro and in vivo. CAII knockdown decreased TEC survival under lactic acidosis and nutrient-replete conditions. Vascular endothelial growth factor A and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling induced CAII expression in NECs. CAII inhibition with acetazolamide minimally reduced tumor angiogenesis in vivo. However, matured blood vessel number increased after acetazolamide treatment, similar to bevacizumab treatment. Additionally, acetazolamide-treated mice showed decreased lung metastasis. Conclusion These findings suggest that due to their effect on blood vessel maturity, pH regulators like CAII are promising targets of antiangiogenic therapy. Video Abstract
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Pairet N, Mang S, Kiechle T, Laufhäger N, Dietl P, Lamb DJ. Differential modulation of transendothelial electrical resistance by TRPV4 agonists is mediated by apoptosis and/or necrosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100672. [PMID: 31650038 PMCID: PMC6804647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) has been implicated in many disease conditions also in the lung. Its activation leads to an increase endothelial permeability in an intracellular calcium-influx dependent manner. We investigated its function in vitro on primary human endothelial cells using two TRPV4 agonists, GSK1016790A and 4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4α-PDD) and a selective TRPV4 blocker GSK2193874. Both TRPV4 agonists leaded to a reduction in transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) which was mediated however by differential cytotoxic effects. 4α-PDD induced apoptosis that could not be blocked by TRPV4 inhibition in HUVECs, whereas GSK1016790A selectively activated TRPV4 and reduced TER as a consequence of cellular necrosis. TRPV4 mediated cytotoxicity is poorly described and may provide significant context to the role of TRPV4 in barrier-function. TRPV4 agonism is widely associated with barrier-dysfunction. We show TRPV4 mediated increased membrane permeability is caused by cytotoxicity. The TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A mediates barrier dysfunction via necrosis. The TRPV4 agonist 4α-PDD mediates barrier dysfunction via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pairet
- Institute of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, D-88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - S Mang
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, D-88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Kiechle
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, D-88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - N Laufhäger
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, D-88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - P Dietl
- Institute of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - D J Lamb
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, D-88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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Cao Y, Li Z, Ma L, Yang N, Guo X. Isoflurane-Induced Postoperative Neurovascular and Cognitive Dysfunction Is Associated with VEGF Overexpression in Aged Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:215-223. [PMID: 31250275 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication in older adults; however, its aetiology remains unclear. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disorders and neurological disease, its role in POCD is unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of brain VEGF inhibition on isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in an aged rat model of POCD. VEGF protein expression was increased in the hippocampus after isoflurane exposure, suggesting that inhalation anaesthesia induces hippocampal VEGF protein overexpression in aged rats. Pretreatment with 2 mg/kg RB-222, an anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody, may partially abolish the degradation of occludin protein in cerebral capillaries, thereby maintaining the ultrastructural and functional integrity of the hippocampal BBB. Inhibition of VEGF also significantly attenuated the isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze task. Together, our findings show, for the first time, that elevated expression of brain VEGF after isoflurane exposure contributes to POCD in aged rats. Therefore, therapeutic strategies involving VEGF should take into consideration its role in the pathogenesis of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Zhang Y, Xiong X, Huai Y, Dey A, Hossen NM, Roy RV, Elechalawar CK, Rao G, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Gold Nanoparticles Disrupt Tumor Microenvironment - Endothelial Cell Cross Talk To Inhibit Angiogenic Phenotypes in Vitro. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1724-1733. [PMID: 31067032 PMCID: PMC6939887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is currently recognized that perpetual cross talk among key players in tumor microenvironment such as cancer cells (CCs), cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and endothelial cells (ECs) plays a critical role in tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Disruption of the cross talk may be useful to improve the outcome of therapeutics for which limited options are available. In the current study we investigate the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a therapeutic tool to disrupt the multicellular cross talk within the TME cells with an emphasis on inhibiting angiogenesis. We demonstrate here that AuNPs disrupt signal transduction from TME cells (CCs, CAFs, and ECs) to ECs and inhibit angiogenic phenotypes in vitro. We show that conditioned media (CM) from ovarian CCs, CAFs, or ECs themselves induce tube formation and migration of ECs in vitro. Migration of ECs is also induced when ECs are cocultured with CCs, CAFs, or ECs. In contrast, CM from the cells treated with AuNPs or cocultured cells pretreated with AuNPs demonstrate diminished effects on ECs tube formation and migration. Mechanistically, AuNPs deplete ∼95% VEGF165 from VEGF single-protein solution and remove up to ∼45% of VEGF165 from CM, which is reflected on reduced activation of VEGF-Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) as compared to control CM. These results demonstrate that AuNPs inhibit angiogenesis via blockade of VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling from TME cells to endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Xunhao Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Yanyan Huai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Nazir Md Hossen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Chandra Kumar Elechalawar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Lee YT, Lim SH, Lee B, Kang I, Yeo EJ. Compound C Inhibits B16-F1 Tumor Growth in a Syngeneic Mouse Model Via the Blockage of Cell Cycle Progression and Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060823. [PMID: 31200558 PMCID: PMC6627246 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently observed that Compound C (CompC), a reversible inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase, reduced the cell viability of B16-F1 melanoma cells. To establish its molecular mechanism(s) of action, the cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry and the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and angiogenesis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. In addition, its effect on tumor growth was investigated using C57BL/6 syngeneic mice bearing B16-F1 xenografts. We found that CompC induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, which was associated with reduced levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as phosphorylated pRB, cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdks), cyclins, and phosphorylated P-Ser10-histone H3, and increased levels of Cdk inhibitors, such as p21 and p53. We also found that CompC inhibits proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells via the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-induced signaling pathways. As expected, CompC significantly reduced the tumor size of B16-F1 xenografts in the syngeneic mouse model. Inhibition of tumor growth may be attributed to reduced cell proliferation via cell cycle inhibition and in part to decreased angiogenesis in CompC-treated mice. These findings suggest the potential use of CompC against melanoma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Taek Lee
- Department of Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - So Hyun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Eui-Ju Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.
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Kanazawa M, Takahashi T, Ishikawa M, Onodera O, Shimohata T, Del Zoppo GJ. Angiogenesis in the ischemic core: A potential treatment target? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:753-769. [PMID: 30841779 PMCID: PMC6501515 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19834158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ischemic penumbra is both a concept in understanding the evolution of cerebral tissue injury outcome of focal ischemia and a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. In this review, we examine the evidence that angiogenesis can contribute to beneficial outcomes following focal ischemia in model systems. Several studies have shown that, following cerebral ischemia, endothelial proliferation and subsequent angiogenesis can be detected beginning four days after cerebral ischemia in the border of the ischemic core, or in the ischemic periphery, in rodent and non-human primate models, although initial signals appear within hours of ischemia onset. Components of the neurovascular unit, its participation in new vessel formation, and the nature of the core and penumbra responses to experimental focal cerebral ischemia, are considered here. The potential co-localization of vascular remodeling and axonal outgrowth following focal cerebral ischemia based on the definition of tissue remodeling and the processes that follow ischemic stroke are also considered. The region of angiogenesis in the ischemic core and its surrounding tissue (ischemic periphery) may be a novel target for treatment. We summarize issues that are relevant to model studies of focal cerebral ischemia looking ahead to potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kanazawa
- 1 Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- 1 Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanori Ishikawa
- 1 Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- 1 Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shimohata
- 2 Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Gregory J Del Zoppo
- 3 Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,4 Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lee HR, Pelaez F, Silbaugh AM, Leslie F, Racila E, Azarin SM. Biomaterial Platform To Establish a Hypoxic Metastatic Niche in Vivo. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1549-1560. [PMID: 35026889 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of tumor microenvironments, exerting wide-ranging impacts on key processes of tumor progression and metastasis. However, our understanding of how hypoxia regulates these processes has been based primarily on studying the effects of hypoxia within the primary tumor. Recently, an increasing number of studies have suggested the importance of hypoxic regulation within metastatic target organs, but hypoxic metastatic niches in the body are difficult to access with current imaging techniques, hampering detailed in vivo investigation of hypoxia at metastatic sites. Here, we report an engineered biomaterial scaffold that is able to establish an in vivo hypoxic metastatic niche in a readily accessible area, enabling the investigation of hypoxic regulation at a metastatic site. We engineered hypoxic environments within microporous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) scaffolds, which have previously been shown to act as premetastatic niche mimics, via the addition of CoCl2, a hypoxia-mimetic agent. When implanted into the subcutaneous region of mice, CoCl2-containing PLG (Co-PLG) scaffolds established hypoxic microenvironments, as evidenced by the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and increased blood vessel formation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, implanted Co-PLG scaffolds were able to recruit 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cells. These results demonstrate that Co-PLG scaffolds can establish an in vivo hypoxic metastatic niche, providing a novel platform to investigate hypoxic regulation of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) at target organs.
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Diagnosis and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Group 3 Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2019; 21:16. [PMID: 30903302 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-019-0718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Group 3 hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important and increasingly diagnosed condition in both the pediatric and adult population. The majority of pulmonary hypertension studies to date and all three classes of drug therapies were designed to focus on group 1 PH. There is a clear unmet medical need for understanding the molecular mechanisms of group 3 PH and a need for novel non-invasive methods of assessing PH in neonates. RECENT FINDINGS Several growth factors are expressed in patients and in animal models of group 3 PH and are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease. Here, we review some of the findings on the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB1), and fibroblast growth factors (FGF) in PH. Additionally, we discuss novel uses of echocardiographic parameters in assessing right ventricular form and function. FGF2, TGFB, PDGFB, and VEGFA may serve as biomarkers in group 3 PH along with echocardiographic methods to diagnose and follow right ventricle function. FGFs and VEGFs may also function in the pathophysiology of group 3 PH.
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Park SA, Lee AY, Park HG, Lee WL. Benefits of Gardening Activities for Cognitive Function According to Measurement of Brain Nerve Growth Factor Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E760. [PMID: 30832372 PMCID: PMC6427672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gardening activities in senior individuals on brain nerve growth factors related to cognitive function. Forty-one senior individuals (age 76.6 ± 6.0 years) were recruited from the local community in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea. A 20-min low-to-moderate intensity gardening activity intervention, making a vegetable garden, was performed by the subjects in a garden plot located on the Konkuk University (Seoul, South Korea) campus. The gardening involved six activities including cleaning a garden plot, digging, fertilizing, raking, planting/transplanting, and watering. To determine the effects of the gardening activities on brain nerve growth factors related to memory, blood samples were drawn twice from each subject before and after the gardening activity by professional nurses. The levels of brain nerve growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), were analyzed. Levels of BDNF and PDGF were significantly increased after the gardening activity. This study revealed a potential benefit of gardening activities for cognitive function in senior individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Ae Park
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Sanghuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - A-Young Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Sanghuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | | | - Wang-Lok Lee
- Department of Sport Science, Chugnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Boldbaatar K, Dashnyam K, Knowles JC, Lee HH, Lee JH, Kim HW. Dual-ion delivery for synergistic angiogenesis and bactericidal capacity with silica-based microsphere. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:322-333. [PMID: 30465920 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of bacterial growth with the simultaneous promotion of angiogenesis has been challenging in the repair and regeneration of infected tissues. Here, we aim to tackle this issue through the use of cobalt-doped silicate microspheres that can sustainably release dual ions (silicate and cobalt) at therapeutically-relevant doses. The cobalt was doped up to 2.5 wt% within a sol-gel silicate glass network, and microspheres with the size of ∼300 μm were generated by an emulsification method. The cobalt and silicate ions released were shown to synergistically upregulate key angiogenic genes, such as HIF1-α, VEGF and the receptor KDR. Moreover, the incorporation of ions promoted the polarization, migration, homing and sprouting angiogenesis of endothelial cells. Neo-vascular formation was significantly higher in the dual-ion delivered microspheres, as evidenced in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. When cultured with bacterial species, the cobalt-doped microspheres effectively inhibited bacteria growth in both indirect or direct contacts. Of note, the bacteria/endothelial cell coculture model proved the efficacy of dual-ion releasing microcarriers for maintaining the endothelial survivability against bacterial contamination and their cell-cell junction. The current study demonstrates the multiple actions (proangiogenic and antibacterial) of silicate and cobalt ions released from microspheres, and the concept provided here can be extensively applied to repair and regenerate infected tissues as a growth factor- or drug-free delivery system. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: While several ions have been introduced to biomaterials for therapeutic purposes, relaying the effects of antibacterial into tissue regenerative (e.g., angiogenesis) has been a significant challenge. In this study, we aim to develop a biomaterial platform that has the capacity of both 'antibacterial' and 'proangiogenic' from a microsphere sustainably releasing multiple ions (herein cobalt and silicate). Here, dual-actions of the microspheres revealed the stimulated endothelial functions as well as the inhibited growth of different bacterial species. In particular, protecting endothelial survivability against bacterial contamination was reported using the bacterial/endothelial co-culture model. The current concept of drug-free yet multiple-ion delivery biomaterials can be applicable for the repair and regeneration of infected tissues with dual actions of angiogenesis and suppressing bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaliun Boldbaatar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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Lin R, Cai J, Kenyon L, Iozzo R, Rosenwasser R, Iacovitti L. Systemic Factors Trigger Vasculature Cells to Drive Notch Signaling and Neurogenesis in Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Brain. Stem Cells 2018; 37:395-406. [PMID: 30431198 PMCID: PMC7028145 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that adult neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) are induced to proliferate and differentiate into new neurons after injury such as stroke and hypoxia. However, the role of injury‐related cues in driving this process and the means by which they communicate with NSCs remains largely unknown. Recently, the coupling of neurogenesis and angiogenesis and the extensive close contact between vascular cells and other niche cells, known as the neurovascular unit (NVU), has attracted interest. Further facilitating communication between blood and NSCs is a permeable blood‐brain‐barrier (BBB) present in most niches, making vascular cells a potential conduit between systemic signals, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and NSCs in the niche, which could play an important role in regulating neurogenesis. We show that the leaky BBB in stem cell niches of the intact and stroke brain can respond to circulating VEGF165 to drive induction of the Notch ligand DLL4 (one of the most important cues in angiogenesis) in endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, and further induce significant proliferation and neurogenesis of stem cells. Stem Cells2019;37:395–406
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihe Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingli Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lawrence Kenyon
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renato Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Rosenwasser
- The Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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43
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Hamilton BJ, Tse D, Stan RV. Phorbol esters induce PLVAP expression via VEGF and additional secreted molecules in MEK1-dependent and p38, JNK and PI3K/Akt-independent manner. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:920-933. [PMID: 30394679 PMCID: PMC6349158 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial diaphragms are subcellular structures critical for mammalian survival with poorly understood biogenesis. Plasmalemma vesicle associated protein (PLVAP) is the only known diaphragm component and is necessary for diaphragm formation. Very little is known about PLVAP regulation. Phorbol esters (PMA) are known to induce de novo PLVAP expression and diaphragm formation. We show that this induction relies on the de novo production of soluble factors that will act in an autocrine manner to induce PLVAP transcription and protein expression. We identified vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) signalling through VEGFR2 as a necessary but not sufficient downstream event as VEGF-A inhibition with antibodies and siRNA or pharmacological inhibition of VEGFR2 only partially inhibit PLVAP upregulation. In terms of downstream pathways, inhibition of MEK1/Erk1/2 MAP kinase blocked PLVAP upregulation, whereas inhibition of p38 and JNK MAP kinases or PI3K and Akt had no effect on PMA-induced PLVAP expression. In conclusion, we show that VEGF-A along with other secreted proteins act synergistically to up-regulate PLVAP in MEK1/Erk1/2 dependent manner, bringing us one step further into understanding the genesis of the essential structures that are endothelial diaphragms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B JoNell Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Dan Tse
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Radu V Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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44
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Laakkonen JP, Lähteenvuo J, Jauhiainen S, Heikura T, Ylä-Herttuala S. Beyond endothelial cells: Vascular endothelial growth factors in heart, vascular anomalies and placenta. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:91-101. [PMID: 30342234 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors regulate vascular and lymphatic growth. Dysregulation of VEGF signaling is connected to many pathological states, including hemangiomas, arteriovenous malformations and placental abnormalities. In heart, VEGF gene transfer induces myocardial angiogenesis. Besides vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, VEGFs affect multiple other cell types. Understanding VEGF biology and its paracrine signaling properties will offer new targets for novel treatments of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna P Laakkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Johanna Lähteenvuo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Jauhiainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Heikura
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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45
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Peach CJ, Mignone VW, Arruda MA, Alcobia DC, Hill SJ, Kilpatrick LE, Woolard J. Molecular Pharmacology of VEGF-A Isoforms: Binding and Signalling at VEGFR2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1264. [PMID: 29690653 PMCID: PMC5979509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a key mediator of angiogenesis, signalling via the class IV tyrosine kinase receptor family of VEGF Receptors (VEGFRs). Although VEGF-A ligands bind to both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, they primarily signal via VEGFR2 leading to endothelial cell proliferation, survival, migration and vascular permeability. Distinct VEGF-A isoforms result from alternative splicing of the Vegfa gene at exon 8, resulting in VEGFxxxa or VEGFxxxb isoforms. Alternative splicing events at exons 5⁻7, in addition to recently identified posttranslational read-through events, produce VEGF-A isoforms that differ in their bioavailability and interaction with the co-receptor Neuropilin-1. This review explores the molecular pharmacology of VEGF-A isoforms at VEGFR2 in respect to ligand binding and downstream signalling. To understand how VEGF-A isoforms have distinct signalling despite similar affinities for VEGFR2, this review re-evaluates the typical classification of these isoforms relative to the prototypical, “pro-angiogenic” VEGF165a. We also examine the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulation of VEGF-A isoform signalling and the importance of interactions with other membrane and extracellular matrix proteins. As approved therapeutics targeting the VEGF-A/VEGFR signalling axis largely lack long-term efficacy, understanding these isoform-specific mechanisms could aid future drug discovery efforts targeting VEGF receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Peach
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Viviane W Mignone
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
- CAPES-University of Nottingham Programme in Drug Discovery, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Maria Augusta Arruda
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
- CAPES-University of Nottingham Programme in Drug Discovery, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Diana C Alcobia
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
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46
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Alidzanovic L, Starlinger P, Schauer D, Maier T, Feldman A, Buchberger E, Stift J, Koeck U, Pop L, Gruenberger B, Gruenberger T, Brostjan C. The VEGF rise in blood of bevacizumab patients is not based on tumor escape but a host-blockade of VEGF clearance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57197-57212. [PMID: 27527865 PMCID: PMC5302983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has become a major target in cancer treatment as it promotes tumor angiogenesis. Therapy with anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab reportedly induces high levels of circulating VEGF which may potentially contribute to resistance. Based on animal or computational models, mechanisms of VEGF induction by bevacizumab have been proposed but not verified in the clinical setting. Hence, we evaluated sixty patients with colorectal cancer metastases for changes in plasma VEGF during neoadjuvant/conversion and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab. VEGF expression was assessed in tissue sections of liver metastases. The VEGF source was investigated with in vitro cultures of tumor, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and platelets, and potential protein stabilization due to anti-VEGF therapy was addressed. A VEGF rise was observed in blood of bevacizumab patients but not in chemotherapy controls, and VEGF was found to be largely complexed by the antibody. A comparable VEGF increase occurred in the presence (neoadjuvant) and absence of the tumor (adjuvant). Accordingly, VEGF expression in tumor tissue was not determined by bevacizumab treatment. Investigations with isolated cell types did not reveal VEGF production in response to bevacizumab. However, antibody addition to endothelial cultures led to a dose-dependent blockade of VEGF internalization and hence stabilized VEGF in the supernatant. In conclusion, the VEGF rise in cancer patients treated with bevacizumab is not originating from the tumor. The accumulation of primarily host-derived VEGF in circulation can be explained by antibody interference with receptor-mediated endocytosis and protein degradation. Thus, the VEGF increase in response to bevacizumab therapy should not be regarded as a tumor escape mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Alidzanovic
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominic Schauer
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Maier
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Feldman
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Buchberger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Stift
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Koeck
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorand Pop
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Gruenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of The Merciful Brothers, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gruenberger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Current address: Department of Surgery I, Rudolf Foundation Clinic, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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47
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Lee YC, Chang YC, Wu CC, Huang CC. Hypoxia-Preconditioned Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Protect Against Neurovascular Damage After Hypoxic Ischemia in Neonatal Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7743-7757. [PMID: 29460267 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapy targeting the neurovascular unit may provide effective neuroprotection against neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). We hypothesized that the peripheral injection of hypoxia-preconditioned human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) following HI protects against neurovascular damage and provides long-term neuroprotection in a postpartum (P) day-7 rat pup model. Compared with normoxic HUVECs, hypoxic HUVECs showed enhanced migration and angiogenesis in vitro and had augmented migration effects into the brain when administered intraperitoneally in vivo after HI. Moreover, 24 and 72 h post-HI, the hypoxic HUVECs group but not the normoxic HUVECs or culture-medium groups had significantly higher preservation of microvessels and neurons, and attenuation of blood-brain barrier damage than the normal-saline group. Compared to control or normal-saline groups, only the hypoxic HUVECs group had no impaired foot steps and showed a significant reduction of brain area loss at P42. Next-generation sequencing showed hypoxia-induced upregulation and downregulation of 209 and 215 genes in HUVECs, respectively. Upstream regulator analysis by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) identified hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha as the key predicted activated transcription regulator. After hypoxia, 12 genes (ADAMTS1, EFNA1, HIF1A, LOX, MEOX2, SELE, VEGFA, VEGFC, CX3CL1, HMMR, SDC, and SERPINE) associated with migration and/or angiogenesis were regulated in HUVECs. In addition, 6 genes (VEGFA, VEGFC, NTN4, TGFA, SERPINE1, and CX3CL1) involved in the survival of endothelial and neuronal cells were also markedly altered in hypoxic HUVECs. Thus, cell therapy by using hypoxic HUVECs that enhance migration and neurovascular protection may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for treating neonatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Lee
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chao Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ching Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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48
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Bakhashab S, Ahmed F, Schulten HJ, Ahmed FW, Glanville M, Al-Qahtani MH, Weaver JU. Proangiogenic Effect of Metformin in Endothelial Cells Is via Upregulation of VEGFR1/2 and Their Signaling under Hyperglycemia-Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010293. [PMID: 29351188 PMCID: PMC5796238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity/mortality worldwide. Metformin is the first therapy offering cardioprotection in type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic animals with unknown mechanism. We have shown that metformin improves angiogenesis via affecting expression of growth factors/angiogenic inhibitors in CD34+ cells under hyperglycemia-hypoxia. Now we studied the direct effect of physiological dose of metformin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) under conditions mimicking hypoxia-hyperglycemia. HUVEC migration and apoptosis were studied after induction with euglycemia or hyperglycemia and/or CoCl2 induced hypoxia in the presence or absence of metformin. HUVEC mRNA was assayed by whole transcript microarrays. Genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR, proteins by western blot, ELISA or flow cytometry. Metformin promoted HUVEC migration and inhibited apoptosis via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors (VEGFR1/R2), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, chemokine ligand 8, lymphocyte antigen 96, Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1), matrix metalloproteinase 16 (MMP16) and tissue factor inhibitor-2 under hyperglycemia-chemical hypoxia. Therefore, metformin’s dual effect in hyperglycemia-chemical hypoxia is mediated by direct effect on VEGFR1/R2 leading to activation of cell migration through MMP16 and ROCK1 upregulation, and inhibition of apoptosis by increase in phospho-ERK1/2 and FABP4, components of VEGF signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Bakhashab
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80218, Saudi Arabia.
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80216, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80216, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80216, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad W Ahmed
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE9 6SH, UK.
| | - Michael Glanville
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Mohammed H Al-Qahtani
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80216, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jolanta U Weaver
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE9 6SH, UK.
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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49
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Liu L, Chen J, Sun L, Xu Y. RhoJ promotes hypoxia induced endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition by activating WDR5 expression. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3384-3393. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine,Department of PathophysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Junliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine,Department of PathophysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuxi College of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Lina Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine,Department of PathophysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologySoochow UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine,Department of PathophysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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50
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Bjørklund G, Kern JK, Urbina MA, Saad K, El-Houfey AA, Geier DA, Chirumbolo S, Geier MR, Mehta JA, Aaseth J. Cerebral hypoperfusion in autism spectrum disorder. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018. [PMID: 29694338 DOI: 10.21307/ane-2018-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion, or insufficient blood flow in the brain, occurs in many areas of the brain in patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Hypoperfusion was demonstrated in the brains of individuals with ASD when compared to normal healthy control brains either using positron emission tomography (PET) or single‑photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The affected areas include, but are not limited to the: prefrontal, frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal cortices; thalami; basal ganglia; cingulate cortex; caudate nucleus; the limbic system including the hippocampal area; putamen; substantia nigra; cerebellum; and associative cortices. Moreover, correlations between symptom scores and hypoperfusion in the brains of individuals diagnosed with an ASD were found indicating that the greater the autism symptom pathology, the more significant the cerebral hypoperfusion or vascular pathology in the brain. Evidence suggests that brain inflammation and vascular inflammation may explain a part of the hypoperfusion. There is also evidence of a lack of normal compensatory increase in blood flow when the subjects are challenged with a task. Some studies propose treatments that can address the hypoperfusion found among individuals diagnosed with an ASD, bringing symptom relief to some extent. This review will explore the evidence that indicates cerebral hypoperfusion in ASD, as well as the possible etiological aspects, complications, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway,
| | - Janet K Kern
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA; CONEM US Autism Research Group, Allen, TX, USA
| | - Mauricio A Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Khaled Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira A El-Houfey
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - David A Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA; CoMeD, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mark R Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA; CoMeD, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jyutika A Mehta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Faculty of Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway; Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
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