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Isik E, Balkan Ç, Karl V, Karakaya HÇ, Hua S, Rauch S, Tamás MJ, Koc A. Identification of novel arsenic resistance genes in yeast. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1284. [PMID: 35765185 PMCID: PMC9055376 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that affects human health by causing numerous diseases and by being used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) has been extensively utilized to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying arsenic toxicity and resistance in eukaryotes. In this study, we applied a genomic DNA overexpression strategy to identify yeast genes that provide arsenic resistance in wild‐type and arsenic‐sensitive S. cerevisiae cells. In addition to known arsenic‐related genes, our genetic screen revealed novel genes, including PHO86, VBA3, UGP1, and TUL1, whose overexpression conferred resistance. To gain insights into possible resistance mechanisms, we addressed the contribution of these genes to cell growth, intracellular arsenic, and protein aggregation during arsenate exposure. Overexpression of PHO86 resulted in higher cellular arsenic levels but no additional effect on protein aggregation, indicating that these cells efficiently protect their intracellular environment. VBA3 overexpression caused resistance despite higher intracellular arsenic and protein aggregation levels. Overexpression of UGP1 led to lower intracellular arsenic and protein aggregation levels while TUL1 overexpression had no impact on intracellular arsenic or protein aggregation levels. Thus, the identified genes appear to confer arsenic resistance through distinct mechanisms but the molecular details remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Isik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Izmir Institute of Technology Izmir Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Balkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Izmir Institute of Technology Izmir Turkey
| | - Vivien Karl
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Sansan Hua
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Sebastien Rauch
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Markus J. Tamás
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ahmet Koc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Izmir Institute of Technology Izmir Turkey
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Inonu University Malatya Turkey
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Zhang J, Sassen T, ten Pierick A, Ras C, Heijnen JJ, Wahl SA. A fast sensor for in vivo quantification of cytosolic phosphate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1033-46. [PMID: 25502731 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic metabolism consists of a complex network of enzymatic reactions and transport processes which are distributed over different subcellular compartments. Currently, available metabolite measurement protocols allow to measure metabolite whole cell amounts which hinder progress to describe the in vivo dynamics in different compartments, which are driven by compartment specific concentrations. Phosphate (Pi) is an essential component for: (1) the metabolic balance of upper and lower glycolytic flux; (2) Together with ATP and ADP determines the phosphorylation energy. Especially, the cytosolic Pi has a critical role in disregulation of glycolysis in tps1 knockout. Here we developed a method that enables us to monitor the cytosolic Pi concentration in S. cerevisiae using an equilibrium sensor reaction: maltose + Pi < = > glucose + glucose-1-phosphate. The required enzyme, maltose phosphorylase from L. sanfranciscensis was overexpressed in S. cerevisiae. With this reaction in place, the cytosolic Pi concentration was obtained from intracellular glucose, G1P and maltose concentrations. The cytosolic Pi concentration was determined in batch and chemostat (D = 0.1 h(-1) ) conditions, which was 17.88 µmol/gDW and 25.02 µmol/gDW, respectively under Pi-excess conditions. Under Pi-limited steady state (D = 0.1 h(-1) ) conditions, the cytosolic Pi concentration dropped to only 17.7% of the cytosolic Pi in Pi-excess condition (4.42 µmol/gDW vs. 25.02 µmol/gDW). In response to a Pi pulse, the cytosolic Pi increased very rapidly, together with the concentration of sugar phosphates. Main sources of the rapid Pi increase are vacuolar Pi (and not the polyPi), as well as Pi uptake from the extracellular space. The temporal increase of cytosolic Pi increases the driving force of GAPDH reaction of the lower glycolytic reactions. The novel cytosol specific Pi concentration measurements provide new insight into the thermodynamic driving force for ATP hydrolysis, GAPDH reaction, and Pi transport over the plasma and vacuolar membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands; Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Jiménez-Saiz R, Benedé S, Molina E, López-Expósito I. Effect of Processing Technologies on the Allergenicity of Food Products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:1902-17. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.736435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Richards A, Gow NAR, Veses V. Identification of vacuole defects in fungi. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 91:155-63. [PMID: 22902527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungal vacuoles are involved in a diverse range of cellular functions, participating in cellular homeostasis, degradation of intracellular components, and storage of ions and molecules. In recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of studies linking these organelles with the regulation of growth and control of cellular morphology, particularly in those fungal species able to undergo yeast-hypha morphogenetic transitions. This has contributed to the refinement of previously published protocols and the development of new techniques, particularly in the area of live-cell imaging of membrane trafficking events and vacuolar dynamics. The current review outlines recent advances in the imaging of fungal vacuoles and assays for characterization of trafficking pathways, and other physiological activities of this important cell organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Richards
- The Aberdeen Fungal Group, School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
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Serban AI, Costache M, Dinischiotu A. Controversial behavior of aminoguanidine in the presence of either reducing sugars or soluble glycated bovine serum albumin. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2872-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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6
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Peng X, Ma J, Chen F, Wang M. Naturally occurring inhibitors against the formation of advanced glycation end-products. Food Funct 2011; 2:289-301. [PMID: 21779567 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10034c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are the final products of the non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and amino groups in proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Recently, the accumulation of AGEs in vivo has been implicated as a major pathogenic process in diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. The early recognition of AGEs can ascend to the late 1960s when a non-enzymatic glycation process was found in human body which is similar to the Maillard reaction. To some extent, AGEs can be regarded as products of the Maillard reaction. This review firstly introduces the Maillard reaction, the formation process of AGEs and harmful effects of AGEs to human health. As AGEs can cause undesirable diseases or disorders, it is necessary to investigate AGE inhibitors to offer a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention of diabetic or other pathogenic complications induced by AGEs. Typical effective AGE inhibitors with different inhibition mechanisms are also reviewed in this paper. Both synthetic compounds and natural products have been evaluated as inhibitors against the formation of AGEs. However, considering toxic or side effects of synthetic molecules present in clinical trials, natural products are more promising to be developed as potent AGE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Peng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Sánchez-Calderón L, Chacón-López A, Alatorre-Cobos F, Leyva-González MA, Herrera-Estrella L. Sensing and Signaling of PO 4 3−. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14369-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Subratty A, Aukburally N, Jowaheer V, Joonus N. Vitamin C and urea inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1108/00346651011076965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cubero B, Nakagawa Y, Jiang XY, Miura KJ, Li F, Raghothama KG, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM, Pardo JM. The phosphate transporter PHT4;6 is a determinant of salt tolerance that is localized to the Golgi apparatus of Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2009; 2:535-52. [PMID: 19825636 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssp013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Insertion mutations that disrupt the function of PHT4;6 (At5g44370) cause NaCl hypersensitivity of Arabidopsis seedlings that is characterized by reduced growth of the primary root, enhanced lateral branching, and swelling of root tips. Mutant phenotypes were exacerbated by sucrose, but not by equiosmolar concentrations of mannitol, and attenuated by low inorganic phosphate in the medium. Protein PHT4;6 belongs to the Major Facilitator Superfamily of permeases that shares significant sequence similarity to mammalian type-I Pi transporters and vesicular glutamate transporters, and is a member of the PHT4 family of putative intracellular phosphate transporters of plants. PHT4;6 localizes to the Golgi membrane and transport studies indicate that PHT4;6 facilitates the selective transport of Pi but not of chloride or inorganic anions. Phenotypic similarities with other mutants displaying root swelling suggest that PHT4;6 likely functions in protein N-glycosylation and cell wall biosynthesis, which are essential for salt tolerance. Together, our results indicate that PHT4;6 transports Pi out of the Golgi lumenal space for the re-cycling of the Pi released from glycosylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cubero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, Sevilla-41012, Spain
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Sasaki NA, Garcia-Alvarez MC, Wang Q, Ermolenko L, Franck G, Nhiri N, Martin MT, Audic N, Potier P. N-Terminal 2,3-diaminopropionic acid (Dap) peptides as efficient methylglyoxal scavengers to inhibit advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2310-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adrover M, Vilanova B, Frau J, Muñoz F, Donoso J. The pyridoxamine action on Amadori compounds: A reexamination of its scavenging capacity and chelating effect. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:5557-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Ardestani A, Yazdanparast R. Cyperus rotundus suppresses AGE formation and protein oxidation in a model of fructose-mediated protein glycoxidation. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 41:572-8. [PMID: 17765965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic glycation, as the chain reaction between reducing sugars and the free amino groups of proteins, has been shown to correlate with severity of diabetes and its complications. Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae) is used both as a food to promote health and as a drug to treat certain diseases. In this study, considering the antioxidative effects of C. rotundus, we examined whether C. rotundus also protects against protein oxidation and glycoxidation. The protein glycation inhibitory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of C. rotundus was evaluated in vitro using a model of fructose-mediated protein glycoxidation. The C. rotundus extract with glycation inhibitory activity also demonstrated antioxidant activity when a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays as well as metal chelating activity were applied. Fructose (100mM) increased fluorescence intensity of glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA) in terms of total AGEs during 14 days of exposure. Moreover, fructose caused more protein carbonyl (PCO) formation and also oxidized thiol groups more in glycated than in native BSA. The extract of C. rotundus at different concentrations (25-250microg/ml) has significantly decreased the formation of AGEs in term of the fluorescence intensity of glycated BSA. Furthermore, we demonstrated the significant effect of C. rotundus extract on preventing oxidative protein damages including effect on PCO formation and thiol oxidation which are believed to form under the glycoxidation process. Our results highlight the protein glycation inhibitory and antioxidant activity of C. rotundus. These results might lead to the possibility of using the plant extract or its purified active components for targeting diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P.O. Box 13145-1384, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Glycation is a major cause of spontaneous damage to proteins in physiological systems. This is exacerbated in diabetes as a consequence of the increase in glucose and other saccharides derivatives in plasma and at the sites of vascular complications. Protein damage by the formation of early glycation adducts is limited to lysine side chain and N-terminal amino groups whereas later stage adducts, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), modify these and also arginine and cysteine residues. Metabolic dysfunction in vascular cells leads to the increased formation of methylglyoxal which adds disproportionately to the glycation damage in hyperglycaemia. AGE-modified proteins undergo cellular proteolysis leading to the formation and urinary excretion of glycation free adducts. AGEs may potentiate the development of diabetic complications by activation of cell responses by AGE-modified proteins interacting with specific cell surface receptors, activation of cell responses by AGE free adducts, impairment of protein-protein and enzyme-substrate interactions by AGE residue formation, and increasing resistance to proteolysis of extracellular matrix proteins. The formation of AGEs is suppressed by intensive glycaemic control, and may in future be suppressed by thiamine and pyridoxamine supplementation, and several other pharmacological agents. Increasing expression of enzymes of the enzymatic defence against glycation provides a novel and potentially effective future therapeutic strategy to suppress protein glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Central Campus, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
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Damianov A, Kann M, Lane WS, Bindereif A. Human RBM28 protein is a specific nucleolar component of the spliceosomal snRNPs. Biol Chem 2006; 387:1455-60. [PMID: 17081119 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) involves organized translocations between the cytoplasm and certain nuclear domains, such as Cajal bodies and nucleoli. Here we identify human RBM28 protein as a novel snRNP component, based on affinity selection of U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP). As shown by immunofluorescence, RBM28 is a nucleolar protein. Anti-RBM28 immunoprecipitation from HeLa cell lysates revealed that this protein specifically associates with U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 snRNAs. Our data provide the first evidence that RBM28 is a common nucleolar component of the spliceosomal ribonucleoprotein complexes, possibly coordinating their transition through the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Damianov
- Institut für Biochemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Rai AK, Sharma NK. Phosphate metabolism in the cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum under salt stress. Curr Microbiol 2006; 52:6-12. [PMID: 16392006 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the effects of NaCl concentrations on the growth and phosphate metabolism of an Anabaena doliolum strain isolated from a paddy field, in order to determine the possible effects of salinization. Growth rate, chlorophyll content, and protein content decreased with increasing salt concentration in the growth medium, while carbohydrate concentration increased. Phosphate content and phosphate uptake rate decreased. There was an increase in total alkaline phosphatase activity, with an approximately 7-fold increase in extracellular activity compensating for an approximately 3-fold decrease in cell-bound activity. NaCl effects on protein and chlorophyll concentrations were greater in P-deficient medium, while presence or absence of P in the medium had little effect on cellular carbohydrate concentrations. It is concluded that growth in high salt likely leads to reduced phosphate uptake in A. doliolum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani K Rai
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Gomes RA, Sousa Silva M, Vicente Miranda H, Ferreira AEN, Cordeiro CAA, Freire AP. Protein glycation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Argpyrimidine formation and methylglyoxal catabolism. FEBS J 2005; 272:4521-31. [PMID: 16128820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal is the most important intracellular glycation agent, formed nonenzymatically from triose phosphates during glycolysis in eukaryotic cells. Methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end-products are involved in neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and familial amyloidotic polyneurophathy) and in the clinical complications of diabetes. Research models for investigating protein glycation and its relationship to methylglyoxal metabolism are required to understand this process, its implications in cell biochemistry and their role in human diseases. We investigated methylglyoxal metabolism and protein glycation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using a specific antibody against argpyrimidine, a marker of protein glycation by methylglyoxal, we found that yeast cells growing on d-glucose (100 mM) present several glycated proteins at the stationary phase of growth. Intracellular methylglyoxal concentration, determined by a specific HPLC based assay, is directly related to argpyrimidine formation. Moreover, exposing nongrowing yeast cells to a higher d-glucose concentration (250 mM) increases methylglyoxal formation rate and argpyrimidine modified proteins appear within 1 h. A kinetic model of methylglyoxal metabolism in yeast, comprising its nonenzymatic formation and enzymatic catabolism by the glutathione dependent glyoxalase pathway and aldose reductase, was used to probe the role of each system parameter on methylglyoxal steady-state concentration. Sensitivity analysis of methylglyoxal metabolism and studies with gene deletion mutant yeast strains showed that the glyoxalase pathway and aldose reductase are equally important for preventing protein glycation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Gomes
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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Persson BL, Lagerstedt JO, Pratt JR, Pattison-Granberg J, Lundh K, Shokrollahzadeh S, Lundh F. Regulation of phosphate acquisition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2003; 43:225-44. [PMID: 12740714 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-003-0400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2003] [Revised: 04/05/2003] [Accepted: 04/08/2003] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane transport systems active in cellular inorganic phosphate (P(i)) acquisition play a key role in maintaining cellular P(i) homeostasis, independent of whether the cell is a unicellular microorganism or is contained in the tissue of a higher eukaryotic organism. Since unicellular eukaryotes such as yeast interact directly with the nutritious environment, regulation of P(i) transport is maintained solely by transduction of nutrient signals across the plasma membrane. The individual yeast cell thus recognizes nutrients that can act as both signals and sustenance. The present review provides an overview of P(i) acquisition via the plasma membrane P(i) transporters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the regulation of internal P(i) stores under the prevailing P(i) status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt L Persson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Science, Kalmar University, P.O. Box 905, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden.
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Beltramo E, Buttiglieri S, Pomero F, Allione A, D'Alù F, Ponte E, Porta M. A study of capillary pericyte viability on extracellular matrix produced by endothelial cells in high glucose. Diabetologia 2003; 46:409-15. [PMID: 12687340 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2002] [Revised: 11/06/2002] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Thickening of the basement membrane and selective loss of pericytes occur early in diabetic retinopathy. As we showed previously that pericyte adhesion is impaired on extracellular matrix produced by endothelial cells in high hexose concentrations, we aimed to verify if altered adhesion could influence pericyte viability and replication. METHODS Conditioned extracellular matrices were obtained by growing human umbilical vein endothelial cells in media containing 28 mmol/l D-glucose, with or without the inhibitors of protein glycation thiamine or aminoguanidine, and D-galactose or L-glucose up to 28 mmol/l. Having removed the endothelium, bovine retinal pericytes were grown on these matrices and, in separate experiments, on laminin, fibronectin or type IV collagen. Pericyte viability and replication were measured by cell counts and DNA synthesis after 7 days, cell cycle traversal after 2 days and apoptosis after 18 h, 2 days and 7 days. RESULTS Pericyte counts and DNA synthesis were reduced on matrices produced in high D-glucose and D-galactose, whilst matrix obtained in L-glucose reduced DNA synthesis but not counts. Both thiamine and aminoguanidine corrected reduced pericyte viability when added to high D-glucose. Cell cycle and apoptosis were not affected by growing pericytes on different conditioned matrices. Laminin, fibronectin and type IV collagen did not modify pericyte replication. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS Reduced pericyte counts could depend on impaired initial adhesion to the extracellular matrix produced by endothelium in high hexose concentrations, rather than impaired replication or viability. Altered cell-matrix interactions might facilitate pericyte dropout in diabetic retinopathy, independently of the effects of high glucose on pericyte replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Beltramo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, C.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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19
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The Transcription of Genes. Biochemistry 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012492543-4/50031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pattison-Granberg J, Persson BL. Regulation of cation-coupled high-affinity phosphate uptake in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:5017-9. [PMID: 10940052 PMCID: PMC111388 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.17.5017-5019.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the high-affinity phosphate transporters in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using mutant strains lacking either the Pho84 or the Pho89 permease revealed that the transporters are differentially regulated. Although both genes are induced by phosphate starvation, activation of the Pho89 transporter precedes that of the Pho84 transporter early in the growth phase in a way which may possibly reflect a fine tuning of the phosphate uptake process relative to the availability of external phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pattison-Granberg
- School of Biosciences and Process Technology, Växjö University, S-351 95 Växjö, Sweden
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Vickers MF, Yao SY, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE. Nucleoside transporter proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Demonstration of a transporter (FUI1) with high uridine selectivity in plasma membranes and a transporter (FUN26) with broad nucleoside selectivity in intracellular membranes. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:25931-8. [PMID: 10827169 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000239200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
FUI1 and function unknown now 26 (FUN26) are proteins of uncertain function with sequence similarities to members of the uracil/allantoin permease and equilibrative nucleoside transporter families of transporter proteins, respectively. [(3)H]Uridine influx was eliminated by disruption of the gene encoding FUI1 (fui1) and restored by expression of FUI1 cDNA, whereas influx in transport-competent and fui1-negative yeast were unaffected, respectively, by disruption of the FUN26 gene or overexpression of FUN26 cDNA. FUI1 transported uridine with high affinity (K(m), 22 +/- 3 micrometer) and was unaffected or inhibited only partially by high concentrations (1 mm) of a variety of ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides or nucleobases. When FUN26 cDNA was expressed in oocytes of Xenopus laevis, inward fluxes of [(3)H]uridine, [(3)H]adenosine, and [(3)H]cytidine were stimulated, and uridine influx was independent of pH and not inhibited by dilazep, dipyridamole, or nitrobenzylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside. Fractionation of yeast membranes containing immunotagged recombinant FUN26 (shown to be functional in oocytes) demonstrated that the protein was primarily in intracellular membranes. These results indicated that FUI1 has high selectivity for uracil-containing ribonucleosides and imports uridine across cell-surface membranes, whereas FUN26 has broad nucleoside selectivity and most likely functions to transport nucleosides across intracellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Vickers
- Molecular Biology of Membranes Group and Membrane Transport Research Group, Departments of Biochemistry, Oncology, and Physiology, University of Alberta, Canada
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Nishimura K, Yasumura K, Igarashi K, Kakinuma Y. Involvement of Spt7p in vacuolar polyphosphate level of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 257:835-8. [PMID: 10208869 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae became less sensitive to nickel by a defect of the SPT7 gene encoding a transcription factor. Initial rate of nickel uptake by whole cells of a SPT7-negative mutant FY963 was nearly equal to that of the parent strain FY61, and FY963 accumulated nickel about 1.7-fold of the value of FY61 when cultured in medium containing 0.1 mM NiCl2; most of which was sequestered into vacuoles. The pH gradient-driven nickel uptake by vacuolar membrane vesicles was not altered in FY963, but the amount of polyphosphate in vacuoles was highly elevated. Involvement of Spt7p in nickel detoxification through regulation of vacuolar polyphosphate level in S. cerevisiae was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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Götte M, Lazar T. The ins and outs of yeast vacuole trafficking. PROTOPLASMA 1999; 209:9-18. [PMID: 18987790 DOI: 10.1007/bf01415696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/1998] [Accepted: 11/17/1998] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are ubiquitous organelles in the fungal and plant kingdoms. They serve a variety of functions and are important for cell homeostasis. A constant turnover of proteins and membranes makes vacuoles dynamic organelles. Various transport pathways share the vacuole as their joint destination. The trafficking pathways are regulated independently. In yeast cells many components of the protein and membrane transport machinery are known. Recent years have seen much progress in our understanding of the protein-sorting pathways and the biogenesis of this organelle. Improvements of our understanding of the vesicular transport pathways and vacuolar membrane fusion are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Götte
- Abteilung fttr Molekulare Genetik, Max-Planck-Institut ffir Biophysikalische Chemie, G6ttingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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Mimura T. Regulation of Phosphate Transport and Homeostasis in Plant Cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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