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Ino Y, Ohira T, Kumagai K, Nakai Y, Akiyama T, Moriyama K, Takeda Y, Saito T, Ryo A, Inaba Y, Hirano H, Kimura Y. Identification of mouse soleus muscle proteins altered in response to changes in gravity loading. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15768. [PMID: 37737267 PMCID: PMC10517164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gravity-dependent physical processes strongly affect the ability of elderly people to maintain musculoskeletal health by reducing muscle atrophy and increasing bone mineral density, thereby increasing quality of life. A need therefore exists to identify molecules in the musculoskeletal system that are responsive to gravitational loading and to establish an objective indicator for the maintenance of healthy musculoskeletal systems. Here, we performed an integrated assessment of the results of soleus muscle proteomic analyses in three model mouse experiments under different gravity environments (hypergravity, hindlimb unloading, and spaceflight). Myl6b, Gpd1, Fbp2, Pvalb, and Actn3 were shown to be gravity-responsive muscle proteins, and alterations in the levels of these proteins indicated changes in muscle fiber type to slow-twitch type due to gravity loading. In addition, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed that Pvalb levels in the sera of hindlimb-unloaded mice and osteoporosis patients were higher than in control subjects, suggesting that Pvalb levels might be useful to objectively evaluate soleus muscle atrophy and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ino
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi 377-2, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ken Kumagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakai
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoko Akiyama
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kayano Moriyama
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuriko Takeda
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Akihide Ryo
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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Irimia JM, Rovira J, Nielsen JN, Guerrero M, Wojtaszewski JFP, Cussó R. Hexokinase 2, glycogen synthase and phosphorylase play a key role in muscle glycogen supercompensation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42453. [PMID: 22860128 PMCID: PMC3409157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen-depleting exercise can lead to supercompensation of muscle glycogen stores, but the biochemical mechanisms of this phenomenon are still not completely understood. Methods Using chronic low-frequency stimulation (CLFS) as an exercise model, the tibialis anterior muscle of rabbits was stimulated for either 1 or 24 hours, inducing a reduction in glycogen of 90% and 50% respectively. Glycogen recovery was subsequently monitored during 24 hours of rest. Results In muscles stimulated for 1 hour, glycogen recovered basal levels during the rest period. However, in those stimulated for 24 hours, glycogen was supercompensated and its levels remained 50% higher than basal levels after 6 hours of rest, although the newly synthesized glycogen had fewer branches. This increase in glycogen correlated with an increase in hexokinase-2 expression and activity, a reduction in the glycogen phosphorylase activity ratio and an increase in the glycogen synthase activity ratio, due to dephosphorylation of site 3a, even in the presence of elevated glycogen stores. During supercompensation there was also an increase in 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, correlating with a stable reduction in ATP and total purine nucleotide levels. Conclusions Glycogen supercompensation requires a coordinated chain of events at two levels in the context of decreased cell energy balance: First, an increase in the glucose phosphorylation capacity of the muscle and secondly, control of the enzymes directly involved in the synthesis and degradation of the glycogen molecule. However, supercompensated glycogen has fewer branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Irimia
- Department of Physiological Sciences I, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Department of Physiological Sciences I, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jakob N. Nielsen
- Molecular Physiology Group, Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Guerrero
- Department of Physiological Sciences I, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Molecular Physiology Group, Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roser Cussó
- Department of Physiological Sciences I, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Rovira J, Irimia JM, Guerrero M, Cadefau JA, Cussó R. Upregulation of heart PFK-2/FBPase-2 isozyme in skeletal muscle after persistent contraction. Pflugers Arch 2012; 463:603-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-1068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sharma B. Kinetic Characterisation of Phosphofructokinase Purified from Setaria cervi: A Bovine Filarial Parasite. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:939472. [PMID: 21941634 PMCID: PMC3173978 DOI: 10.4061/2011/939472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphofructokinase (PFK), a regulatory enzyme in glycolytic pathway, has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from adult female Setaria cervi and partially characterized. For this enzyme, the Lineweaver-Burk's double reciprocal plots of initial rates and D-fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) or Mg-ATP concentrations for varying values of cosubstrate concentration gave intersecting lines indicating that Km values for F-6-P (1.05 mM) and ATP (3 μM) were independent of each other. S. cervi PFK, when assayed at inhibitory concentration of ATP (>0.1 mM), exhibited sigmoidal behavior towards binding with F-6-P with a Hill coefficient (n) value equal to 1.8 and 1.7 at 1.0 and 0.33 mM ATP, respectively. D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) competitively inhibited the filarial enzyme: Ki and Hill coefficient values being 0.18 μM and 2.0, respectively. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) also inhibited the enzyme competitively with the Ki value equal to 0.8 mM. The Hill coefficient values (>1.5) for F-6-P (at inhibitory concentration of ATP) and FDP suggested its positive cooperative kinetics towards F-6-P and FDP, showing presence of more than one binding sites for these molecules in enzyme protein and allosteric nature of the filarial enzyme. The product inhibition studies gave us the only compatible mechanism of random addition process with a probable orientation of substrates and products on the enzyme surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
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Kostrominova TY, Dow DE, Dennis RG, Miller RA, Faulkner JA. Comparison of gene expression of 2-mo denervated, 2-mo stimulated-denervated, and control rat skeletal muscles. Physiol Genomics 2005; 22:227-43. [PMID: 15840640 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00210.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of innervation in skeletal muscles leads to degeneration, atrophy, and loss of force. These dramatic changes are reflected in modifications of the mRNA expression of a large number of genes. Our goal was to clarify the broad spectrum of molecular events associated with long-term denervation of skeletal muscles. A microarray study compared gene expression profiles of 2-mo denervated and control extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from 6-mo-old rats. The study identified 121 genes with increased and 7 genes with decreased mRNA expression. The expression of 107 of these genes had not been identified previously as changed after denervation. Many of the genes identified were genes that are highly expressed in skeletal muscles during embryonic development, downregulated in adults, and upregulated after denervation of muscle fibers. Electrical stimulation of denervated muscles preserved muscle mass and maximal force at levels similar to those in the control muscles. To understand the processes underlying the effect of electrical stimulation on denervated skeletal muscles, mRNA and protein expression of a number of genes, identified by the microarray study, was compared. The hypothesis was that loss of nerve action potentials and muscle contractions after denervation play the major roles in upregulation of gene expression in skeletal muscles. With electrical stimulation of denervated muscles, the expression levels for these genes were significantly downregulated, consistent with the hypothesis that loss of action potentials and/or contractions contribute to the alterations in gene expression in denervated skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Y Kostrominova
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2007, USA.
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Garriga J, Fernández-Solá J, Adanero E, Urbano-Márquez A, Cussó R. Metabolic effects of ethanol on primary cell cultures of rat skeletal muscle. Alcohol 2005; 35:75-82. [PMID: 15922140 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2004] [Revised: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 12/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who have consumed alcohol chronically accumulate glycogen in their skeletal muscles. Changes in the energy balance caused by alcohol consumption might lead to alcoholic myopathy. Experimental models used in the past, such as with skeletal muscle biopsy samples of alcohol-dependent individuals or in animal models, do not distinguish between direct effects and indirect effects (i.e., alterations to the nervous or endocrine system) of alcohol. In the current study, we evaluated the direct effect of ethanol on skeletal muscle glycogen concentrations and related glycolytic pathways. We measured the changes in metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism in primary cell cultures of rat skeletal muscle exposed to ethanol for two periods. The concentrations of glycolytic metabolites and the activities of several enzymes that regulate glucose and glycogen metabolism were measured. After a short exposure to ethanol (6 h), glucose metabolism slowed. After 48 h of exposure, glycogen accumulation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Garriga
- Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiological Science I, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Aschenbach WG, Sakamoto K, Goodyear LJ. 5??? Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase, Metabolism and Exercise. Sports Med 2004; 34:91-103. [PMID: 14965188 DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200434020-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a member of a metabolite-sensing protein kinase family that functions as a metabolic 'fuel gauge' in skeletal muscle. AMPK is a ubiquitous heterotrimeric protein, consisting of an alpha catalytic, and beta and gamma regulatory subunits that exist in multiple isoforms and are all required for full enzymatic activity. During exercise, AMPK becomes activated in skeletal muscle in response to changes in cellular energy status (e.g. increased adenosine monophosphate [AMP]/adenosine triphosphate [ATP] and creatine/phosphocreatine ratios) in an intensity-dependent manner, and serves to inhibit ATP-consuming pathways, and activate pathways involved in carbohydrate and fatty-acid metabolism to restore ATP levels. Recent evidence shows that although AMPK plays this key metabolic role during acute bouts of exercise, it is also an important component of the adaptive response of skeletal muscles to endurance exercise training because of its ability to alter muscle fuel reserves and expression of several exercise-responsive genes. This review discusses the putative roles of AMPK in acute and chronic exercise responses, and suggests avenues for future AMPK research in exercise physiology and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Aschenbach
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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El-Maghrabi MR, Noto F, Wu N, Manes N. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase: suiting structure to need, in a family of tissue-specific enzymes. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2001; 4:411-8. [PMID: 11568503 DOI: 10.1097/00075197-200109000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present review addresses recent advances in research into a family of bifunctional enzymes that are responsible for the twofold task of synthesizing and hydrolyzing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2), which in turn regulates the rate of glycolysis in most cells. The structure of the synthetic kinase, conjoined at its carboxyl-terminus to the phosphatase, is very highly conserved throughout evolution and differentiation, with isotypic expression arising from highly variable amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal regulatory domains. These domains, which frequently contain protein-kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation motifs, are responsible for the widely divergent kinetics observed in various tissues and species, and for the hormonal modulation that alters intracellular levels of Fru-2,6-P2. The present review discusses recent advances in relating structure to function, and the identification of new pathways of transcriptional regulation of this important family of regulatory enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R El-Maghrabi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661, USA.
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