1
|
Amokrane L, Pokotylo I, Acket S, Ducloy A, Troncoso-Ponce A, Cacas JL, Ruelland E. Phospholipid Signaling in Crop Plants: A Field to Explore. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1532. [PMID: 38891340 PMCID: PMC11174929 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In plant models such as Arabidopsis thaliana, phosphatidic acid (PA), a key molecule of lipid signaling, was shown not only to be involved in stress responses, but also in plant development and nutrition. In this article, we highlight lipid signaling existing in crop species. Based on open access databases, we update the list of sequences encoding phospholipases D, phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipases C, and diacylglycerol-kinases, enzymes that lead to the production of PA. We show that structural features of these enzymes from model plants are conserved in equivalent proteins from selected crop species. We then present an in-depth discussion of the structural characteristics of these proteins before focusing on PA binding proteins. For the purpose of this article, we consider RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUEs (RBOHs), the most documented PA target proteins. Finally, we present pioneering experiments that show, by different approaches such as monitoring of gene expression, use of pharmacological agents, ectopic over-expression of genes, and the creation of silenced mutants, that lipid signaling plays major roles in crop species. Finally, we present major open questions that require attention since we have only a perception of the peak of the iceberg when it comes to the exciting field of phospholipid signaling in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Amokrane
- Unité Génie Enzymatique & Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025, 60200 Compiègne, France; (L.A.); (I.P.); (S.A.); (A.T.-P.)
| | - Igor Pokotylo
- Unité Génie Enzymatique & Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025, 60200 Compiègne, France; (L.A.); (I.P.); (S.A.); (A.T.-P.)
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), University Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (J.-L.C.)
| | - Sébastien Acket
- Unité Génie Enzymatique & Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025, 60200 Compiègne, France; (L.A.); (I.P.); (S.A.); (A.T.-P.)
| | - Amélie Ducloy
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), University Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (J.-L.C.)
| | - Adrian Troncoso-Ponce
- Unité Génie Enzymatique & Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025, 60200 Compiègne, France; (L.A.); (I.P.); (S.A.); (A.T.-P.)
| | - Jean-Luc Cacas
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), University Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (J.-L.C.)
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Unité Génie Enzymatique & Cellulaire, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025, 60200 Compiègne, France; (L.A.); (I.P.); (S.A.); (A.T.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA, McDermott MI. The wide world of non-mammalian phospholipase D enzymes. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101000. [PMID: 38081756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to produce free choline and the critically important lipid signaling molecule phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Since the initial discovery of PLD activities in plants and bacteria, PLDs have been identified in a diverse range of organisms spanning the taxa. While widespread interest in these proteins grew following the discovery of mammalian isoforms, research into the PLDs of non-mammalian organisms has revealed a fascinating array of functions ranging from roles in microbial pathogenesis, to the stress responses of plants and the developmental patterning of flies. Furthermore, studies in non-mammalian model systems have aided our understanding of the entire PLD superfamily, with translational relevance to human biology and health. Increasingly, the promise for utilization of non-mammalian PLDs in biotechnology is also being recognized, with widespread potential applications ranging from roles in lipid synthesis, to their exploitation for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98109, USA
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M I McDermott
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu J, Boehr DD. Regulatory mechanisms triggered by enzyme interactions with lipid membrane surfaces. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1306483. [PMID: 38099197 PMCID: PMC10720463 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1306483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of enzymes to intracellular membranes often modulates their catalytic activity, which can be important in cell signaling and membrane trafficking. Thus, re-localization is not only important for these enzymes to gain access to their substrates, but membrane interactions often allosterically regulate enzyme function by inducing conformational changes across different time and amplitude scales. Recent structural, biophysical and computational studies have revealed how key enzymes interact with lipid membrane surfaces, and how this membrane binding regulates protein structure and function. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding regulatory mechanisms involved in enzyme-membrane interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David D. Boehr
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kimura T, Kimura AK, Epand RM. Systematic crosstalk in plasmalogen and diacyl lipid biosynthesis for their differential yet concerted molecular functions in the cell. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101234. [PMID: 37169310 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogen is a major phospholipid of mammalian cell membranes. Recently it is becoming evident that the sn-1 vinyl-ether linkage in plasmalogen, contrasting to the ester linkage in the counterpart diacyl glycerophospholipid, yields differential molecular characteristics for these lipids especially related to hydrocarbon-chain order, so as to concertedly regulate biological membrane processes. A role played by NMR in gaining information in this respect, ranging from molecular to tissue levels, draws particular attention. We note here that a broad range of enzymes in de novo synthesis pathway of plasmalogen commonly constitute that of diacyl glycerophospholipid. This fact forms the basis for systematic crosstalk that not only controls a quantitative balance between these lipids, but also senses a defect causing loss of lipid in either pathway for compensation by increase of the counterpart lipid. However, this inherent counterbalancing mechanism paradoxically amplifies imbalance in differential effects of these lipids in a diseased state on membrane processes. While sharing of enzymes has been recognized, it is now possible to overview the crosstalk with growing information for specific enzymes involved. The overview provides a fundamental clue to consider cell and tissue type-dependent schemes in regulating membrane processes by plasmalogen and diacyl glycerophospholipid in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
| | - Atsuko K Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morita SY, Ikeda Y. Regulation of membrane phospholipid biosynthesis in mammalian cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
6
|
Li F, Wu Z, Gao Y, Bowling FZ, Franklin JM, Hu C, Suhandynata RT, Frohman MA, Airola MV, Zhou H, Guan K. Defining the proximal interaction networks of Arf GTPases reveals a mechanism for the regulation of PLD1 and PI4KB. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110698. [PMID: 35844135 PMCID: PMC9433938 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arf GTPase family is involved in a wide range of cellular regulation including membrane trafficking and organelle-structure assembly. Here, we have generated a proximity interaction network for the Arf family using the miniTurboID approach combined with TMT-based quantitative mass spectrometry. Our interactome confirmed known interactions and identified many novel interactors that provide leads for defining Arf pathway cell biological functions. We explored the unexpected finding that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) preferentially interacts with two closely related but poorly studied Arf family GTPases, ARL11 and ARL14, showing that PLD1 is activated by ARL11/14 and may recruit these GTPases to membrane vesicles, and that PLD1 and ARL11 collaborate to promote macrophage phagocytosis. Moreover, ARL5A and ARL5B were found to interact with and recruit phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta (PI4KB) at trans-Golgi, thus promoting PI4KB's function in PI4P synthesis and protein secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu‐Long Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Zhengming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Yong‐Qi Gao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Forrest Z Bowling
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - J Matthew Franklin
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Chongze Hu
- Department of Nanoengineering, Program of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Raymond T Suhandynata
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Kun‐Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan Y, Yu J, Kong L, Zhang W, Hou X, Cui G. Genome-wide investigation of the PLD gene family in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): identification, analysis and expression. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:243. [PMID: 35350974 PMCID: PMC8962232 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background External environmental factors, such as salt, alkali and drought, severely limit the acreage and yield of alfalfa. The mining of tolerance-related genes in alfalfa and improving the stress resistance of this plant are essential for increasing alfalfa yield. PLD is the main phospholipid hydrolase in plants and plays an important role in plant growth, development, signaling, and resistance to adverse stress. With the availability of whole genome sequences, the annotation and expression of PLDs in alfalfa can now be achieved. At present, few studies have investigated PLDs in alfalfa. Here, we conducted a study of PLDs in alfalfa and identified and analyzed the expression pattern of PLDs under different treatments. Results Fifty-nine MsPLDs were identified in alfalfa and classified into six subtypes: MsPLDα, β, γ, δ and ε belong to the C2-PLD subfamily, and MsPLDζ belongs to the PXPH-PLD subfamily. Members of the same PLD subtype have similar physicochemical properties, sequence structure and domains, but their cis-acting elements are different. A qRT-PCR analysis revealed that MsPLDs are expressed in multiple tissues. MsPLDs can respond to alkali, drought, ABA, IAA, and GA3 treatments and particularly to salt stress. Different expression patterns were found for the same gene under different treatments and different genes under the same treatment. Expression of MsPLD05 improved salt tolerance in yeast. Conclusion This study represents the first genome-wide characterization of MsPLDs in alfalfa. Most MsPLDs are expressed mainly in mature leaves and respond positively to abiotic stresses and hormonal treatments. This study further expands the resistance gene pool in legume forage grasses and provides a reference for further in-depth study of MsPLDs in alfalfa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08424-9.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chang YC, Chang PMH, Li CH, Chan MH, Lee YJ, Chen MH, Hsiao M. Aldolase A and Phospholipase D1 Synergistically Resist Alkylating Agents and Radiation in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:811635. [PMID: 35127525 PMCID: PMC8813753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.811635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to alkylating agents and radiation may cause damage and apoptosis in cancer cells. Meanwhile, this exposure involves resistance and leads to metabolic reprogramming to benefit cancer cells. At present, the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Based on the profiles of several transcriptomes, we found that the activity of phospholipase D (PLD) and the production of specific metabolites are related to these events. Comparing several particular inhibitors, we determined that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) plays a dominant role over other PLD members. Using the existing metabolomics platform, we demonstrated that lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) are the most critical metabolites, and are highly dependent on aldolase A (ALDOA). We further demonstrated that ALDOA could modulate total PLD enzyme activity and phosphatidic acid products. Particularly after exposure to alkylating agents and radiation, the proliferation of lung cancer cells, autophagy, and DNA repair capabilities are enhanced. The above phenotypes are closely related to the performance of the ALDOA/PLD1 axis. Moreover, we found that ALDOA inhibited PLD2 activity and enzyme function through direct protein–protein interaction (PPI) with PLD2 to enhance PLD1 and additional carcinogenic features. Most importantly, the combination of ALDOA and PLD1 can be used as an independent prognostic factor and is correlated with several clinical parameters in lung cancer. These findings indicate that, based on the PPI status between ALDOA and PLD2, a combination of radiation and/or alkylating agents with regulating ALDOA-PLD1 may be considered as a new lung cancer treatment option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Jang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Michael Hsiao,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deepika D, Singh A. Plant phospholipase D: novel structure, regulatory mechanism, and multifaceted functions with biotechnological application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:106-124. [PMID: 34167393 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1924113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases D (PLDs) are important membrane lipid-modifying enzymes in eukaryotes. Phosphatidic acid, the product of PLD activity, is a vital signaling molecule. PLD-mediated lipid signaling has been the subject of extensive research leading to discovery of its crystal structure. PLDs are involved in the pathophysiology of several human diseases, therefore, viewed as promising targets for drug design. The availability of a eukaryotic PLD crystal structure will encourage PLD targeted drug designing. PLDs have been implicated in plants response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanism of response is not clear. Recently, several novel findings have shown that PLD mediated modulation of structural and developmental processes, such as: stomata movement, root growth and microtubule organization are crucial for plants adaptation to environmental stresses. Involvement of PLDs in regulating membrane remodeling, auxin mediated alteration of root system architecture and nutrient uptake to combat nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies and magnesium toxicity is established. PLDs via vesicle trafficking modulate cytoskeleton and exocytosis to regulate self-incompatibility (SI) signaling in flowering plants, thereby contributes to plants hybrid vigor and diversity. In addition, the important role of PLDs has been recognized in biotechnologically important functions, including oil/TAG synthesis and maintenance of seed quality. In this review, we describe the crystal structure of a plant PLD and discuss the molecular mechanism of catalysis and activity regulation. Further, the role of PLDs in regulating plant development under biotic and abiotic stresses, nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, magnesium ion toxicity, SI signaling and pollen tube growth and in important biotechnological applications has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lahrouchi N, Postma AV, Salazar CM, De Laughter DM, Tjong F, Piherová L, Bowling FZ, Zimmerman D, Lodder EM, Ta-Shma A, Perles Z, Beekman L, Ilgun A, Gunst Q, Hababa M, Škorić-Milosavljević D, Stránecký V, Tomek V, de Knijff P, de Leeuw R, Robinson JY, Burn SC, Mustafa H, Ambrose M, Moss T, Jacober J, Niyazov DM, Wolf B, Kim KH, Cherny S, Rousounides A, Aristidou-Kallika A, Tanteles G, Ange-Line B, Denommé-Pichon AS, Francannet C, Ortiz D, Haak MC, Ten Harkel AD, Manten GT, Dutman AC, Bouman K, Magliozzi M, Radio FC, Santen GW, Herkert JC, Brown HA, Elpeleg O, van den Hoff MJ, Mulder B, Airola MV, Kmoch S, Barnett JV, Clur SA, Frohman MA, Bezzina CR. Biallelic loss-of-function variants in PLD1 cause congenital right-sided cardiac valve defects and neonatal cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142148. [PMID: 33645542 DOI: 10.1172/jci142148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common type of birth defect, accounting for one-third of all congenital anomalies. Using whole-exome sequencing of 2718 patients with congenital heart disease and a search in GeneMatcher, we identified 30 patients from 21 unrelated families of different ancestries with biallelic phospholipase D1 (PLD1) variants who presented predominantly with congenital cardiac valve defects. We also associated recessive PLD1 variants with isolated neonatal cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, we established that p.I668F is a founder variant among Ashkenazi Jews (allele frequency of ~2%) and describe the phenotypic spectrum of PLD1-associated congenital heart defects. PLD1 missense variants were overrepresented in regions of the protein critical for catalytic activity, and, correspondingly, we observed a strong reduction in enzymatic activity for most of the mutant proteins in an enzymatic assay. Finally, we demonstrate that PLD1 inhibition decreased endothelial-mesenchymal transition, an established pivotal early step in valvulogenesis. In conclusion, our study provides a more detailed understanding of disease mechanisms and phenotypic expression associated with PLD1 loss of function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najim Lahrouchi
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, and.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christian M Salazar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Daniel M De Laughter
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fleur Tjong
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Lenka Piherová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Forrest Z Bowling
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Dominic Zimmerman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Elisabeth M Lodder
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Asaf Ta-Shma
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zeev Perles
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leander Beekman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Aho Ilgun
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Quinn Gunst
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariam Hababa
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Doris Škorić-Milosavljević
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Viktor Stránecký
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Tomek
- Children's Heart Centre, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter de Knijff
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rick de Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jamille Y Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Hiba Mustafa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health
| | - Matthew Ambrose
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, and
| | - Timothy Moss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer Jacober
- Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Clinic, Tulane University, University of Queensland, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Dmitriy M Niyazov
- Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Clinic, Tulane University, University of Queensland, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Barry Wolf
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolic Disorders, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine H Kim
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolic Disorders, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara Cherny
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - George Tanteles
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Clinical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Bruel Ange-Line
- UMR 1231 INSERM, GAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle d'Innovation en Diagnostique Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing (CHU), Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- UMR 1231 INSERM, GAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle d'Innovation en Diagnostique Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing (CHU), Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Damara Ortiz
- Medical Genetics Department, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Arend D.J. Ten Harkel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Annemiek C Dutman
- Department of Pathology, Isala Women and Children's Hospital, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Katelijne Bouman
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Monia Magliozzi
- Genetic and Rare Disease Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gijs We Santen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johanna C Herkert
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Barbara Mulder
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joey V Barnett
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sally-Ann Clur
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bowling FZ, Frohman MA, Airola MV. Structure and regulation of human phospholipase D. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 79:100783. [PMID: 33495125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian phospholipase D (PLD) generates phosphatidic acid, a dynamic lipid secondary messenger involved with a broad spectrum of cellular functions including but not limited to metabolism, migration, and exocytosis. As a promising pharmaceutical target, the biochemical properties of PLD have been well characterized. This has led to the recent crystal structures of human PLD1 and PLD2, the development of PLD specific pharmacological inhibitors, and the identification of cellular regulators of PLD. In this review, we discuss the PLD1 and PLD2 structures, PLD inhibition by small molecules, and the regulation of PLD activity by effector proteins and lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Z Bowling
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Auclair N, Sané AT, Delvin E, Spahis S, Levy E. Phospholipase D as a Potential Modulator of Metabolic Syndrome: Impact of Functional Foods. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:252-278. [PMID: 32586106 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) are composed of a plethora of metabolic dysfunctions such as dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, and hypertension. The development of these disorders is highly linked to inflammation and oxidative stress (OxS), two metabolic states closely related to physiological and pathological conditions. Given the drastically rising CMD prevalence, the discovery of new therapeutic targets/novel nutritional approaches is of utmost importance. Recent Advances: The tremendous progress in methods/technologies and animal modeling has allowed the clarification of phospholipase D (PLD) critical roles in multiple cellular processes, whether directly or indirectly via phosphatidic acid, the lipid product mediating signaling functions. In view of its multiple features and implications in various diseases, PLD has emerged as a drug target. Critical Issues: Although insulin stimulates PLD activity and, in turn, PLD regulates insulin signaling, the impact of the two important PLD isoforms on the metabolic syndrome components remains vague. Therefore, after outlining PLD1/PLD2 characteristics and functions, their role in inflammation, OxS, and CMD has been analyzed and critically reported in the present exhaustive review. The influence of functional foods and nutrients in the regulation of PLD has also been examined. Future Directions: Available evidence supports the implication of PLD in CMD, but only few studies emphasize its mechanisms of action and specific regulation by nutraceutical compounds. Therefore, additional investigations are first needed to clarify the functional role of nutraceutics and, second, to elucidate whether targeting PLDs with food compounds represents an appropriate therapeutic strategy to treat CMD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 252-278.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Auclair
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain T Sané
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Structural insights into phospholipase D function. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101070. [PMID: 33181180 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) and its metabolic active product phosphatidic acid (PA) engage in a wide range of physiopathologic processes in the cell. PLDs have been considered as a potential and promising drug target. Recently, the crystal structures of PLDs in mammalian and plant have been solved at atomic resolution. These achievements allow us to understand the structural differences among different species of PLDs and the functions of their key domains. In this review, we summarize the sequence and structure of different species of PLD isoforms, and discuss the structural mechanisms for PLD interactions with their binding partners and the functions of each key domain in the regulation of PLDs activation and catalytic reaction.
Collapse
|
14
|
Crystal structure of human PLD1 provides insight into activation by PI(4,5)P 2 and RhoA. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:400-407. [PMID: 32198492 PMCID: PMC7117805 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The signal transduction enzyme phospholipase D1 (PLD1) hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to generate the lipid second-messenger phosphatidic acid, which plays roles in disease processes such as thrombosis and cancer. PLD1 is directly and synergistically regulated by protein kinase C, Arf and Rho GTPases, and the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Here, we present a 1.8 Å-resolution crystal structure of the human PLD1 catalytic domain, which is characterized by a globular fold with a funnel-shaped hydrophobic cavity leading to the active site. Adjacent is a PIP2-binding polybasic pocket at the membrane interface that is essential for activity. The C terminus folds into and contributes part of the catalytic pocket, which harbors a phosphohistidine that mimics an intermediate stage of the catalytic cycle. Mapping of PLD1 mutations that disrupt RhoA activation identifies the RhoA-PLD1 binding interface. This structure sheds light on PLD1 regulation by lipid and protein effectors, enabling rationale inhibitor design for this well-studied therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
15
|
Metrick CM, Peterson EA, Santoro JC, Enyedy IJ, Murugan P, Chen T, Michelsen K, Cullivan M, Spilker KA, Kumar PR, May-Dracka TL, Chodaparambil JV. Human PLD structures enable drug design and characterization of isoenzyme selectivity. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:391-399. [PMID: 32042197 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D enzymes (PLDs) are ubiquitous phosphodiesterases that produce phosphatidic acid (PA), a key second messenger and biosynthetic building block. Although an orthologous bacterial Streptomyces sp. strain PMF PLD structure was solved two decades ago, the molecular basis underlying the functions of the human PLD enzymes (hPLD) remained unclear based on this structure due to the low homology between these sequences. Here, we describe the first crystal structures of hPLD1 and hPLD2 catalytic domains and identify novel structural elements and functional differences between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes. Furthermore, structure-based mutation studies and structures of inhibitor-hPLD complexes allowed us to elucidate the binding modes of dual and isoform-selective inhibitors, highlight key determinants of isoenzyme selectivity and provide a basis for further structure-based drug discovery and functional characterization of this therapeutically important superfamily of enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Metrick
- Physical Biochemistry, Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Biogen Postdoctoral Scientist Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily A Peterson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph C Santoro
- Bioassays and High Throughput Screens, Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Istvan J Enyedy
- Medicinal Chemistry, Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paramasivam Murugan
- Bioassays and High Throughput Screens, Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - TeYu Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Klaus Michelsen
- Physical Biochemistry, Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Cullivan
- Physical Biochemistry, Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kerri A Spilker
- Physical Biochemistry, Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Rajesh Kumar
- Physical Biochemistry, Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tricia L May-Dracka
- Medicinal Chemistry, Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Functions for phospholipase D1 and D2 (PLD1 and PLD2), the canonical isoforms of the PLD superfamily in mammals, have been explored using cell biological and animal disease models for two decades. PLD1 and PLD2, which are activated as a consequence of extracellular signaling events and generate the second messenger signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA), have been reported to play roles in settings ranging from platelet activation to the response to cardiac ischemia, viral infection, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Of these, the most tractable as therapeutic targets may be thrombotic disease and cancer, as will be discussed here in the context of ongoing efforts to develop small molecule PLD inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Salazar
- Center for Developmental Genetics and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Center for Developmental Genetics and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McDermott MI, Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA. Mammalian phospholipase D: Function, and therapeutics. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 78:101018. [PMID: 31830503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being discovered over 60 years ago, the precise role of phospholipase D (PLD) is still being elucidated. PLD enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids producing phosphatidic acid and the free headgroup. PLD family members are found in organisms ranging from viruses, and bacteria to plants, and mammals. They display a range of substrate specificities, are regulated by a diverse range of molecules, and have been implicated in a broad range of cellular processes including receptor signaling, cytoskeletal regulation and membrane trafficking. Recent technological advances including: the development of PLD knockout mice, isoform-specific antibodies, and specific inhibitors are finally permitting a thorough analysis of the in vivo role of mammalian PLDs. These studies are facilitating increased recognition of PLD's role in disease states including cancers and Alzheimer's disease, offering potential as a target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I McDermott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America.
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramenskaia GV, Melnik EV, Petukhov AE. [Phospholipase D: its role in metabolism processes and disease development]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 64:84-93. [PMID: 29460838 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186401084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is one of the key enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipids. In this review current knowledge about six human PLD isoforms, their structure and role in physiological and pathological processes is summarized. Comparative analysis of PLD isoforms structure is presented. The mechanism of the hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation performed by PLD is described. The PLD1 and PLD2 role in the pathogenesis of some cancer, infectious, thrombotic and neurodegenerative diseases is analyzed. The prospects of PLD isoform-selective inhibitors development are shown in the context of the clinical usage and the already-existing inhibitors are characterized. Moreover, the formation of phosphatidylethanol (PEth), the alcohol abuse biomarker, as the result of PLD-catalyzed phospholipid transphosphatidylation is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G V Ramenskaia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Melnik
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Petukhov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), Moscow, Russia; Moscow Research and Practical Centre for Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arhab Y, Abousalham A, Noiriel A. Plant phospholipase D mining unravels new conserved residues important for catalytic activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:688-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
20
|
Phospholipase D and the Mitogen Phosphatidic Acid in Human Disease: Inhibitors of PLD at the Crossroads of Phospholipid Biology and Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 259:89-113. [PMID: 31541319 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are key building blocks of biological membranes and are involved in complex signaling processes such as metabolism, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Extracellular signaling by growth factors, stress, and nutrients is transmitted through receptors that activate lipid-modifying enzymes such as the phospholipases, sphingosine kinase, or phosphoinositide 3-kinase, which then modify phospholipids, sphingolipids, and phosphoinositides. One such important enzyme is phospholipase D (PLD), which cleaves phosphatidylcholine to yield phosphatidic acid and choline. PLD isoforms have dual role in cells. The first involves maintaining cell membrane integrity and cell signaling, including cell proliferation, migration, cytoskeletal alterations, and invasion through the PLD product PA, and the second involves protein-protein interactions with a variety of binding partners. Increased evidence of elevated PLD expression and activity linked to many pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological and inflammatory diseases, and infection, has motivated the development of dual- and isoform-specific PLD inhibitors. Many of these inhibitors are reported to be efficacious and safe in cells and mouse disease models, suggesting the potential for PLD inhibitors as therapeutics for cancer and other diseases. Current knowledge and ongoing research of PLD signaling networks will help to evolve inhibitors with increased efficacy and safety for clinical studies.
Collapse
|
21
|
Egea-Jimenez AL, Zimmermann P. Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in the biogenesis and cargo loading of extracellular vesicles. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1554-1560. [PMID: 29853529 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r083964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released by viable cells (exosomes and microvesicles) have emerged as important organelles supporting cell-cell communication. Because of their potential therapeutic significance, important efforts are being made toward characterizing the contents of these vesicles and the mechanisms that govern their biogenesis. It has been recently demonstrated that the lipid modifying enzyme, phospholipase D (PLD)2, is involved in exosome production and acts downstream of the small GTPase, ARF6. This review aims to recapitulate our current knowledge of the role of PLD2 and its product, phosphatidic acid, in the biogenesis of exosomes and to propose hypotheses for further investigation of a possible central role of these molecules in the biology of these organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luis Egea-Jimenez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2018, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13284, France and Inserm U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, and CNRS UMR7258, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2018, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13284, France and Inserm U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, and CNRS UMR7258, Marseille F-13009, France; Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shedding light on lipid metabolism in Kinetoplastida: A phylogenetic analysis of phospholipase D protein homologs. Gene 2018; 656:95-105. [PMID: 29501621 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Unicellular flagellates that make up the class Kinetoplastida include multiple parasites responsible for public health concerns, including Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi (agents of African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, respectively), and various Leishmania species, which cause leishmaniasis. These diseases are generally difficult to eradicate, with treatments often having lethal side effects and/or being effective only during the acute phase of the diseases, when most patients are still asymptomatic. Phospholipid signaling and metabolism are important in the different life stages of Trypanosoma, including playing a role in transitions between stages and in immune system evasion, thus, making the responsible enzymes into potential therapeutic targets. However, relatively little is understood about how the pathways function in these pathogens. Thus, in this study we examined evolutionary history of proteins from one such signaling pathway, namely phospholipase D (PLD) homologs. PLD is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing phosphatidic acid (PA) from membrane phospholipids. PA is not only utilized for phospholipid synthesis, but is also involved in many other signaling pathways, including biotic and abiotic stress response. 37 different representative Kinetoplastida genomes were used for an exhaustive search to identify putative PLD homologs. The genome of Bodo saltans was the only one of surveyed Kinetoplastida genomes that encoded a protein that clustered with plant PLDs. The representatives from other Kinetoplastida species clustered together in two different clades, thought to be homologous to the PLD superfamily, but with shared sequence similarity with cardiolipin synthases (CLS), and phosphatidylserine synthases (PSS). The protein structure predictions showed that most Kinetoplastida sequences resemble CLS and PSS, with the exception of 5 sequences from Bodo saltans that shared significant structural similarities with the PLD sequences, suggesting the loss of PLD-like sequences during the evolution of parasitism in kinetoplastids. On the other hand, diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) homologs were identified for all species examined in this study, indicating that DGK could be the only pathway for the synthesis of PA involved in lipid signaling in these organisms due to genome streamlining during transition to parasitic lifestyle. Our findings offer insights for development of potential therapeutic and/or intervention approaches, particularly those focused on using PA, PLD and/or DGK related pathways, against trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
Park SY, Han JS. Phospholipase D1 Signaling: Essential Roles in Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 64:333-340. [PMID: 29478139 PMCID: PMC5874277 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is generally accepted as playing an important role in the regulation of multiple cell functions, such as cell growth, survival, differentiation, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal organization. Recent findings suggest that PLD1 also plays an important role in the regulation of neuronal differentiation of neuronal cells. Moreover, PLD1-mediated signaling molecules dynamically regulate the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Rho family GTPases and Ca2+-dependent signaling, in particular, are closely involved in PLD1-mediated neuronal differentiation of NSCs. Moreover, PLD1 has a significant effect on the neurogenesis of NSCs via the regulation of SHP-1/STAT3 activation. Therefore, PLD1 has now attracted significant attention as an essential neuronal signaling molecule in the nervous system. In the current review, we summarize recent findings on the regulation of PLD1 in neuronal differentiation and discuss the potential role of PLD1 in the neurogenesis of NSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Park
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Phospholipases are lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipid substrates at specific ester bonds. Phospholipases are widespread in nature and play very diverse roles from aggression in snake venom to signal transduction, lipid mediator production, and metabolite digestion in humans. Phospholipases vary considerably in structure, function, regulation, and mode of action. Tremendous advances in understanding the structure and function of phospholipases have occurred in the last decades. This introductory chapter is aimed at providing a general framework of the current understanding of phospholipases and a discussion of their mechanisms of action and emerging biological functions.
Collapse
|
25
|
Differential roles of three FgPLD genes in regulating development and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 109:46-52. [PMID: 29079075 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an important phospholipid hydrolase that plays critical roles in various biological processes in eukaryotic cells. However, little is known about its functions in plant pathogenic fungi. In this study, we identified three FgPLD genes in Fusarium graminearum that are homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spo14 gene. We constructed deletion mutants of all three FgPLD genes using homologous recombination. Deletion of FgPLD1 (Δpld1), but not FgPLD2 or FgPLD3, affected hyphal growth, conidiation, and perithecium formation. The Δpld1 mutant showed reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) production and virulence in flowering wheat heads and corn silks. Furthermore, three FgPLD proteins have the same subcellular localization and localize to the cytoplasm in F. graminearum. Taken together, these results indicate that FgPLD1, but not FgPLD2 or FgPLD3, is important for hyphal growth, sexual or asexual reproduction, and plant infection.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bullen HE, Soldati-Favre D. A central role for phosphatidic acid as a lipid mediator of regulated exocytosis in apicomplexa. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2469-81. [PMID: 27403735 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are commonly known for the structural roles they play, however, the specific contribution of different lipid classes to wide-ranging signalling pathways is progressively being unravelled. Signalling lipids and their associated effector proteins are emerging as significant contributors to a vast array of effector functions within cells, including essential processes such as membrane fusion and vesicle exocytosis. Many phospholipids have signalling capacity, however, this review will focus on phosphatidic acid (PA) and the enzymes implicated in its production from diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC): DGK and PLD respectively. PA is a negatively charged, cone-shaped lipid identified as a key mediator in specific membrane fusion and vesicle exocytosis events in a variety of mammalian cells, and has recently been implicated in specialised secretory organelle exocytosis in apicomplexan parasites. This review summarises the recent work implicating a role for PA regulation in exocytosis in various cell types. We will discuss how these signalling events are linked to pathogenesis in the phylum Apicomplexa.
Collapse
|
27
|
Krishnan B. Amygdala-Hippocampal Phospholipase D (PLD) Signaling As Novel Mechanism of Cocaine-Environment Maladaptive Conditioned Responses. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyv139. [PMID: 26802567 PMCID: PMC4926798 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-environment associative memory mechanisms and the resulting conditioned behaviors are key contributors in relapse to cocaine dependence. Recently, we reported rat amygdala phospholipase D as a key convergent downstream signaling partner in the expression of cocaine-conditioned behaviors mediated by glutamatergic and dopaminergic pathways. In the present study, 1 of the 2 known upstream serotonergic targets of phospholipase D, the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) 2C receptor, was investigated for its role in recruiting phospholipase D signaling in cocaine-conditioned behaviors altered in the rat amygdala and dorsal hippocampus. METHODS Using Western-blot analysis, amygdala phospholipase D phosphorylation and total expression of phospholipase D/5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor were observed in early (Day-1) and late (Day-14) withdrawal (cocaine-free) states among male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to 7-day cocaine-conditioned hyperactivity training. Functional studies were conducted using Chinese Hamster Ovary cells with stably transfected human unedited isoform of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor. RESULTS Phosphorylation of phospholipase D isoforms was altered in the Day-1 group of cocaine-conditioned animals, while increased amygdala and decreased dorsal hippocampus phospholipase D/5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor protein expression were observed in the Day-14 cocaine-conditioned rats. Functional cellular studies established that increased p phospholipase D is a mechanistic response to 5-HT2CR activation and provided the first evidence of a biased agonism by specific 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist, WAY163909 in phospholipase D phosphorylation 2, but not phospholipase D phosphorylation 1 activation. CONCLUSIONS Phospholipase D signaling, activated by dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic signaling, can be a common downstream element recruited in associative memory mechanisms altered by cocaine, where increased expression in amygdala and decreased expression in dorsal hippocampus may result in altered anxiety states and increased locomotor responses, respectively.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hong Y, Zhao J, Guo L, Kim SC, Deng X, Wang G, Zhang G, Li M, Wang X. Plant phospholipases D and C and their diverse functions in stress responses. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:55-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
29
|
Bruntz RC, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Phospholipase D signaling pathways and phosphatidic acid as therapeutic targets in cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:1033-79. [PMID: 25244928 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D is a ubiquitous class of enzymes that generates phosphatidic acid as an intracellular signaling species. The phospholipase D superfamily plays a central role in a variety of functions in prokaryotes, viruses, yeast, fungi, plants, and eukaryotic species. In mammalian cells, the pathways modulating catalytic activity involve a variety of cellular signaling components, including G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, polyphosphatidylinositol lipids, Ras/Rho/ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases, and conventional isoforms of protein kinase C, among others. Recent findings have shown that phosphatidic acid generated by phospholipase D plays roles in numerous essential cellular functions, such as vesicular trafficking, exocytosis, autophagy, regulation of cellular metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Many of these cellular events are modulated by the actions of phosphatidic acid, and identification of two targets (mammalian target of rapamycin and Akt kinase) has especially highlighted a role for phospholipase D in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Phospholipase D is a regulator of intercellular signaling and metabolic pathways, particularly in cells that are under stress conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the regulation of phospholipase D activity and its modulation of cellular signaling pathways and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Bruntz
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rogasevskaia TP, Coorssen JR. The Role of Phospholipase D in Regulated Exocytosis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28683-96. [PMID: 26433011 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.681429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a diversity of interpretations concerning the possible roles of phospholipase D and its biologically active product phosphatidic acid in the late, Ca(2+)-triggered steps of regulated exocytosis. To quantitatively address functional and molecular aspects of the involvement of phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid in regulated exocytosis, we used an array of phospholipase D inhibitors for ex vivo and in vitro treatments of sea urchin eggs and isolated cortices and cortical vesicles, respectively, to study late steps of exocytosis, including docking/priming and fusion. The experiments with fluorescent phosphatidylcholine reveal a low level of phospholipase D activity associated with cortical vesicles but a significantly higher activity on the plasma membrane. The effects of phospholipase D activity and its product phosphatidic acid on the Ca(2+) sensitivity and rate of fusion correlate with modulatory upstream roles in docking and priming rather than to direct effects on fusion per se.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine and the Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nelson RK, Frohman MA. Physiological and pathophysiological roles for phospholipase D. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2229-37. [PMID: 25926691 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r059220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual members of the mammalian phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily undertake roles that extend from generating the second messenger signaling lipid, phosphatidic acid, through hydrolysis of the membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, to functioning as an endonuclease to generate small RNAs and facilitating membrane vesicle trafficking through seemingly nonenzymatic mechanisms. With recent advances in genome-wide association studies, RNA interference screens, next-generation sequencing approaches, and phenotypic analyses of knockout mice, roles for PLD family members are being uncovered in autoimmune, infectious neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disease, as well as in cancer. Some of these disease settings pose opportunities for small molecule inhibitory therapeutics, which are currently in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle K Nelson
- Graduate Program in Physiology and Biophysics Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ammar MR, Kassas N, Bader MF, Vitale N. Phosphatidic acid in neuronal development: A node for membrane and cytoskeleton rearrangements. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt A:51-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
33
|
Mahankali M, Alter G, Gomez-Cambronero J. Mechanism of enzymatic reaction and protein-protein interactions of PLD from a 3D structural model. Cell Signal 2014; 27:69-81. [PMID: 25308783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily catalyzes the hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipids generating the key intracellular lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid. However, there is not yet any resolved structure either from a crystallized protein or from NMR of any mammalian PLDs. We propose here a 3D model of the PLD2 by combining homology and ab initio 3 dimensional structural modeling methods, and docking conformation. This model is in agreement with the biochemical and physiological behavior of PLD in cells. For the lipase activity, the N- and C-terminal histidines of the HKD motifs (His 442/His 756) form a catalytic pocket, which accommodates phosphatidylcholine head group (but not phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidyl serine). The model explains the mechanism of the reaction catalysis, with nucleophilic attacks of His 442 and water, the latter aided by His 756. Further, the secondary structure regions superimposed with bacterial PLD crystal structure, which indicated an agreement with the model. It also explains protein-protein interactions, such as PLD2-Rac2 transmodulation (with a 1:2 stoichiometry) and PLD2 GEF activity both relevant for cell migration, as well as the existence of binding sites for phosphoinositides such as PIP2. These consist of R236/W238 and R557/W563 and a novel PIP2 binding site in the PH domain of PLD2, specifically R210/R212/W233. In each of these, the polar inositol ring is oriented towards the basic amino acid Arginine. Since tumor-aggravating properties have been found in mice overexpressing PLD2 enzyme, the 3D model of PLD2 will be also useful, to a large extent, in developing pharmaceuticals to modulate its in vivo activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Mahankali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Gerald Alter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Julian Gomez-Cambronero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Brandenburg LO, Pufe T, Koch T. Role of phospholipase d in g-protein coupled receptor function. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:302-18. [PMID: 24995811 PMCID: PMC4194036 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged agonist exposure of many G-protein coupled receptors induces a rapid receptor phosphorylation and uncoupling from G-proteins. Resensitization of these desensitized receptors requires endocytosis and subsequent dephosphorylation. Numerous studies show the involvement of phospholipid-specific phosphodiesterase phospholipase D (PLD) in the receptor endocytosis and recycling of many G-protein coupled receptors e.g., opioid, formyl or dopamine receptors. The PLD hydrolyzes the headgroup of a phospholipid, generally phosphatidylcholine (PC), to phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline and is assumed to play an important function in cell regulation and receptor trafficking. Protein kinases and GTP binding proteins of the ADP-ribosylation and Rho families regulate the two mammalian PLD isoforms 1 and 2. Mammalian and yeast PLD are also potently stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. The PA product is an intracellular lipid messenger. PLD and PA activities are implicated in a wide range of physiological processes and diseases including inflammation, diabetes, oncogenesis or neurodegeneration. This review discusses the characterization, structure, and regulation of PLD in the context of membrane located G-protein coupled receptor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Koch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Park JB, Lee CS, Jang JH, Ghim J, Kim YJ, You S, Hwang D, Suh PG, Ryu SH. Phospholipase signalling networks in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2012; 12:782-92. [PMID: 23076158 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipases (PLC, PLD and PLA) are essential mediators of intracellular and intercellular signalling. They can function as phospholipid-hydrolysing enzymes that can generate many bioactive lipid mediators, such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid and arachidonic acid. Lipid mediators generated by phospholipases regulate multiple cellular processes that can promote tumorigenesis, including proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Although many individual phospholipases have been extensively studied, how phospholipases regulate diverse cancer-associated cellular processes and the interplay between different phospholipases have yet to be fully elucidated. A thorough understanding of the cancer-associated signalling networks of phospholipases is necessary to determine whether these enzymes can be targeted therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bae Park
- The Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Thielmann I, Stegner D, Kraft P, Hagedorn I, Krohne G, Kleinschnitz C, Stoll G, Nieswandt B. Redundant functions of phospholipases D1 and D2 in platelet α-granule release. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:2361-72. [PMID: 22974101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet activation and aggregation are crucial for primary hemostasis, but can also result in occlusive thrombus formation. Agonist-induced platelet activation involves different signaling pathways leading to the activation of phospholipases, which produce second messengers. The role of phospholipase C (PLC) in platelet activation is well established, but less is known about the relevance of phospholipase D (PLD). OBJECTIVE AND METHODS The aim of this study was to determine a potential function of PLD2 in platelet physiology. Thus, we investigated the function of PLD2 in platelet signaling and thrombus formation, by generating mice lacking PLD2 or both PLD1 and PLD2. Adhesion, activation and aggregation of PLD-deficient platelets were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Whereas the absence of PLD2 resulted in reduced PLD activity in platelets, it had no detectable effect on the function of the cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the combined deficiency of both PLD isoforms resulted in defective α-granule release and protection in a model of FeCl3 -induced arteriolar thrombosis, effects that were not observed in mice lacking only one PLD isoform. CONCLUSION These results reveal redundant roles of PLD1 and PLD2 in platelet α-granule secretion, and indicate that this may be relevant for pathologic thrombus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Thielmann
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Elvers M, Grenegård M, Khoshjabinzadeh H, Münzer P, Borst O, Tian H, Di Paolo G, Lang F, Gawaz M, Lindahl TL, Fälker K. A novel role for phospholipase D as an endogenous negative regulator of platelet sensitivity. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1743-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
38
|
Jäntti MH, Putula J, Somerharju P, Frohman MA, Kukkonen JP. OX1 orexin/hypocretin receptor activation of phospholipase D. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1109-23. [PMID: 21718304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Orexin receptors potently signal to lipid messenger systems, and our previous studies have suggested that PLD would be one of these. We thus wanted to verify this by direct measurements and clarify the molecular mechanism of the coupling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Orexin receptor-mediated PLD activation was investigated in CHO cells stably expressing human OX(1) orexin receptors using [(14) C]-oleic acid-prelabelling and the transphosphatidylation assay. KEY RESULTS Orexin stimulation strongly increased PLD activity - even more so than the phorbol ester TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate), a highly potent activator of PLD. Both orexin and TPA responses were mediated by PLD1. Orexin-A and -B showed approximately 10-fold difference in potency, and the concentration-response curves were biphasic. Using pharmacological inhibitors and activators, both orexin and TPA were shown to signal to PLD1 via the novel PKC isoform, PKCδ. In contrast, pharmacological or molecular biological inhibitors of Rho family proteins RhoA/B/C, cdc42 and Rac did not inhibit the orexin (or the TPA) response, nor did the molecular biological inhibitors of PKD. In addition, neither cAMP elevation, Gα(i/o) nor Gβγ seemed to play an important role in the orexin response. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Stimulation of OX(1) receptors potently activates PLD (probably PLD1) in CHO cells and this is mediated by PKCδ but not other PKC isoforms, PKDs or Rho family G-proteins. At present, the physiological significance of orexin-induced PLD activation is unknown, but this is not the first time we have identified PKCδ in orexin signalling, and thus some specific signalling cascade may exist between orexin receptors and PKCδ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Jäntti
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pérez Aguirreburualde MS, Fernández S, Córdoba M. Acrosin activity regulation by protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase in bovine sperm acrosome exocytosis induced by lysophosphatidylcholine. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47:915-20. [PMID: 22335484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.01991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acrosin is an important proteolytic enzyme that is capable of hydrolysing the zona pellucida in bovine oocyte. Lysophosphatydic acid (LPA) derivated from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is known to trigger the acrosome exocytosis. The present study was aimed at examining the acrosin activity variations in LPC-induced acrosome exocytosis and its regulation by tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C (PKC) and voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) in spermatozoa previously capacitated with heparin or quercetin. The enzyme activities were spectrophotometrically measured using N-α-benzoyl-DL-arginine p-nitroanilide as an acrosin-specific substrate. The capacitation and acrosomal reaction were evaluated by chlorotetracycline assay, and the viability and acrosome integrity were evaluated by the trypan blue stain/differential interference contrast. It was observed that LPC induced acrosome exocytosis and increased the activity of acrosin in spermatozoa previously capacitated with heparin. In heparin/LPC-treated samples, it was observed that the inhibition of tyrosine kinase and PKC blocked the acrosome exocytosis and the acrosin activity (p < 0.05). Under these conditions, in heparin-capacitated spermatozoa, the LPC provokes an acrosin activity increase that is independent of calcium influx through VDCC Type L. In cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa, LPC might require modulation, mainly tyrosine kinase participation with respect to PKC activity to induce acrosome exocytosis and increase acrosin activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Pérez Aguirreburualde
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Chorroarín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kolesnikov YS, Nokhrina KP, Kretynin SV, Volotovski ID, Martinec J, Romanov GA, Kravets VS. Molecular structure of phospholipase D and regulatory mechanisms of its activity in plant and animal cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:1-14. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
41
|
Yoon MS, Du G, Backer JM, Frohman MA, Chen J. Class III PI-3-kinase activates phospholipase D in an amino acid-sensing mTORC1 pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 195:435-47. [PMID: 22024166 PMCID: PMC3206351 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201107033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In response to amino acid availability, the class III PI-3-kinase hVps34 activates the phospholipase PLD and mTORC1 signaling to regulate mammalian cell size. The rapamycin-sensitive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex, mTORC1, regulates cell growth in response to mitogenic signals and amino acid availability. Phospholipase D (PLD) and its product, phosphatidic acid, have been established as mediators of mitogenic activation of mTORC1. In this study, we identify a novel role for PLD1 in an amino acid–sensing pathway. We find that amino acids activate PLD1 and that PLD1 is indispensable for amino acid activation of mTORC1. Activation of PLD1 by amino acids requires the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase hVps34, which stimulates PLD1 activity through a functional interaction between phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and the Phox homology (PX) domain of PLD1. Furthermore, amino acids stimulate PLD1 translocation to the lysosomal region where mTORC1 activation occurs in an hVps34-dependent manner, and this translocation is necessary for mTORC1 activation. The PX domain is required for PLD1 translocation, mTORC1 activation, and cell size regulation. Finally, we show that the hVps34-PLD1 pathway acts independently of, and in parallel to, the Rag pathway in regulating amino acid activation of mTORC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kukkonen JP. A ménage à trois made in heaven: G-protein-coupled receptors, lipids and TRP channels. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:9-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
43
|
Scognamiglio PL, Doti N, Grieco P, Pedone C, Ruvo M, Marasco D. Discovery of Small Peptide Antagonists of PED/PEA15-D4α Interaction from Simplified Combinatorial Libraries. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 77:319-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
44
|
Harkins AL, Yuan G, London SD, Dolan JW. An oleate-stimulated, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-independent phospholipase D in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. FEMS Yeast Res 2010; 10:717-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
45
|
Miyamoto S, Del Re DP, Xiang SY, Zhao X, Florholmen G, Brown JH. Revisited and revised: is RhoA always a villain in cardiac pathophysiology? J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2010; 3:330-43. [PMID: 20559774 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-010-9192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal rat ventricular myocyte model of hypertrophy has provided tremendous insight with regard to signaling pathways regulating cardiac growth and gene expression. Many mediators thus discovered have been successfully extrapolated to the in vivo setting, as assessed using genetically engineered mice and physiological interventions. Studies in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes demonstrated a role for the small G-protein RhoA and its downstream effector kinase, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK), in agonist-mediated hypertrophy. Transgenic expression of RhoA in the heart does not phenocopy this response, however, nor does genetic deletion of ROCK prevent hypertrophy. Pharmacologic inhibition of ROCK has effects most consistent with roles for RhoA signaling in the development of heart failure or responses to ischemic damage. Whether signals elicited downstream of RhoA promote cell death or survival and are deleterious or salutary is, however, context and cell-type dependent. The concepts discussed above are reviewed, and the hypothesis that RhoA might protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia and other insults is presented. Novel RhoA targets including phospholipid regulated and regulating enzymes (Akt, PI kinases, phospholipase C, protein kinases C and D) and serum response element-mediated transcriptional responses are considered as possible pathways through which RhoA could affect cardiomyocyte survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mansfeld J, Ulbrich-Hofmann R. Modulation of phospholipase D activity in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:913-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
47
|
Kanaho Y, Funakoshi Y, Hasegawa H. Phospholipase D signalling and its involvement in neurite outgrowth. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:898-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
48
|
|
49
|
Gemeinhardt A, Alfalah M, Gück T, Naim HY, Fuhrmann H. The influence of linoleic and linolenic acid on the activity and intracellular localisation of phospholipase D in COS-1 cells. Biol Chem 2009; 390:253-8. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2009.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhospholipase D (PLD) is a receptor-regulated signalling enzyme involved in biological functions, such as exocytosis, phagocytosis, actin dynamics, membrane trafficking, and is considered to be essential for stimulated degranulation of cells. The purpose of our investigation was to examine how the fatty acid pattern of cellular membranes influences the activities and cellular distribution of the PLD1 and PLD2 isoforms. Expression of GFP-tagged PLD1 and PLD2 in COS-1 cells that were stimulated with mastoparan after cultivation in 20 μmol linoleic (C18:2n6) or linolenic (C18:3n3) acid for 4 d demonstrated that PLD1 dramatically alters its cellular distribution and is redistributed from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface. PLD2, on the other hand, maintains its localisation at the plasma membrane. The activity of PLD, which corresponds to PLD1 and PLD2, significantly increased two- to three-fold in the presence of the fatty acids. We conclude that linoleic acid and linolenic acid supplementation affect the intracellular trafficking of the PLD1 isoform and the activity of PLD most likely due to alterations in the membrane lipid environment conferred by the fatty acids.
Collapse
|
50
|
Caspase cleavage of phospholipase D1 in vitro alters its regulation and reveals a novel property of the "loop" region. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1781:376-82. [PMID: 18573349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in mediating vesicular transport, mitosis, differentiation and apoptosis. The product of PLD activity, phosphatidic acid (PA) has mitogenic potential and elevated PLD expression has been detected in many tumor cell lines. Several reports have demonstrated that distinct PLD domains regulate its activity and that truncated forms of PLD retain enzymatic activity. We hypothesized that during apoptosis caspase cleavage of PLDs could result in modification of their activities. To test this idea, we have used in vitro translation of PLD1 and PLD2 which generated active enzymes exhibiting properties mimicking those of the endogenous proteins. Here we demonstrate that PLD1 was rapidly cleaved in vitro by caspases-8, -3 and -7. In contrast, PLD2 cleavage was delayed and its activity was unaffected by incubation with caspase-3. Significantly, following caspase cleavage the response of PLD1 to regulatory stimuli was altered; it was no longer activated by PKC and instead exhibited an increased activity in response to small GTPases. Notably, this enhanced activity was due to cleavage of PLD1 in the "loop" domain, a region previously associated with negative regulatory function. Thus our data have identified a novel regulatory domain in PLD1.
Collapse
|