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Cabello MC, Chen G, Melville MJ, Osman R, Kumar GD, Domaille DW, Lippert AR. Ex Tenebris Lux: Illuminating Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species with Small Molecule Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9225-9375. [PMID: 39137397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are small reactive molecules derived from elements in the air─oxygen and nitrogen. They are produced in biological systems to mediate fundamental aspects of cellular signaling but must be very tightly balanced to prevent indiscriminate damage to biological molecules. Small molecule probes can transmute the specific nature of each reactive oxygen and nitrogen species into an observable luminescent signal (or even an acoustic wave) to offer sensitive and selective imaging in living cells and whole animals. This review focuses specifically on small molecule probes for superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite that provide a luminescent or photoacoustic signal. Important background information on general photophysical phenomena, common probe designs, mechanisms, and imaging modalities will be provided, and then, probes for each analyte will be thoroughly evaluated. A discussion of the successes of the field will be presented, followed by recommendations for improvement and a future outlook of emerging trends. Our objectives are to provide an informative, useful, and thorough field guide to small molecule probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as important context to compare the ecosystem of chemistries and molecular scaffolds that has manifested within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidileyvis C Cabello
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Michael J Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rokia Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - G Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dylan W Domaille
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander R Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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O'Sullivan JJ, Lee VJ, Heffern MC. Copper-mediated oxidation of imidazopyrazinones inhibits marine luciferase activity. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:216-220. [PMID: 36409206 PMCID: PMC10281456 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of bioluminescence-based tools has seen steady growth in the field of chemical biology over the past few decades ranging in uses from reporter genes to assay development and targeted imaging. More recently, coelenterazine-utilizing luciferases such as Gaussia, Renilla, and the engineered nano-luciferases have been utilized due to their intense luminescence relative to firefly luciferin/luciferase. The emerging importance of these systems warrants investigations into the components that affect their light production. Previous work has reported that one marine luciferase, Gaussia, is potently inhibited by copper salt. The mechanism for inhibition was not elucidated but was hypothesized to occur via binding to the enzyme. In this study, we provide the first report of a group of nonhomologous marine luciferases also exhibiting marked decreases in light emission in the presence of copper (II). We investigate the mechanism of action behind this inhibition and demonstrate that the observed copper inhibition does not stem from a luciferase interaction but rather the chemical oxidation of imidazopyrazinone luciferins generating inert, dehydrated luciferins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J O'Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa J Lee
- Department of Chemistry, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Marie C Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
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Krasitskaya VV, Bashmakova EE, Frank LA. Coelenterazine-Dependent Luciferases as a Powerful Analytical Tool for Research and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7465. [PMID: 33050422 PMCID: PMC7590018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: The functioning of bioluminescent systems in most of the known marine organisms is based on the oxidation reaction of the same substrate-coelenterazine (CTZ), catalyzed by luciferase. Despite the diversity in structures and the functioning mechanisms, these enzymes can be united into a common group called CTZ-dependent luciferases. Among these, there are two sharply different types of the system organization-Ca2+-regulated photoproteins and luciferases themselves that function in accordance with the classical enzyme-substrate kinetics. Along with deep and comprehensive fundamental research on these systems, approaches and methods of their practical use as highly sensitive reporters in analytics have been developed. The research aiming at the creation of artificial luciferases and synthetic CTZ analogues with new unique properties has led to the development of new experimental analytical methods based on them. The commercial availability of many ready-to-use assay systems based on CTZ-dependent luciferases is also important when choosing them by first-time-users. The development of analytical methods based on these bioluminescent systems is currently booming. The bioluminescent systems under consideration were successfully applied in various biological research areas, which confirms them to be a powerful analytical tool. In this review, we consider the main directions, results, and achievements in research involving these luciferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilisa V. Krasitskaya
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.E.B.)
| | - Eugenia E. Bashmakova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.E.B.)
| | - Ludmila A. Frank
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.E.B.)
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Inouye S, Nakamura M, Taguchi J, Hosoya T. Identification of a novel oxidation product from yellow fluorophore in the complex of apoPholasin and dehydrocoelenterazine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127435. [PMID: 32717370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The complex of the recombinant fusion protein of apoPholasin and glutathione S-transferase (GST-apoPholasin) with non-fluorescent dehydrocoelenterazine (dCTZ) (GST-apoPholasin/dCTZ complex) shows yellow fluorescence at 539 nm by excitation at 430 nm. The GST-apoPholasin/dCTZ complex with a fluorophore (dCTZ*) has considerably weak luminescence activity, converting slowly to a blue fluorescence protein with the emission peak at 430 nm. The main oxidation products from dCTZ* for blue fluorescence were identified as coelenteramine (CTM) and an unreported pyrazine derivative, 3-benzyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one (CTO) that was confirmed by chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inouye
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Corporation, 5-1 Okawa, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8605, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Jumpei Taguchi
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant apoPholasin. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 171:105615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Moriguchi M, Takahashi R, Kang B, Kuse M. Expression of recombinant apopholasin using a baculovirus-silkworm multigene expression system and activation via dehydrocoelenterazine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127177. [PMID: 32284275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pholasin is a photoprotein derived from the glowing bivalve mollusk, Pholas dactylus. Even though the chemical structure of the prosthetic group (chromophore) responsible for the light emission character of the mollusk remains unknown, research has shown that the presence of dehydrocoelenterazine (DCL) increased light emission and that the dithiothreitol adduct of DCL was isolated from Pholasin®. To date, our research has been focused on activating apopholasin, the naturally occurring apoprotein of Pholasin®, using DCL. In the current study, the expression of recombinant apopholasin via a baculovirus-silkworm multigene expression system is reported. Additionally, the purification of apopholasin using a Flag®-affinity column, the activation of apopholasin using DCL, and the initiation of its luminescent character through the addition of a peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide mixture are reported. The peroxidase-H2O2-dependent luminescence was observed from the recombinant apopholasin activated with DCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Moriguchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 657-2271, Japan
| | - Bubwoong Kang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Kuse
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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A novel yellow fluorescent protein of recombinant apoPholasin with dehydrocoelenterazine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:404-409. [PMID: 32223929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pholasin is classified as a photoprotein and comprises apoPholasin (an apoprotein of pholasin) and an unknown prosthetic group as the light-emitting source. The luminescence reaction of pholasin is triggered by reactive oxygen species. Recombinant apoPholasin was recently expressed as a fusion protein of glutathione S-transferase (GST-apoPholasin) and purified from E. coli cells. By incubating non-fluorescent dehydrocoelenterazine (dCTZ, dehydrogenated form of CTZ) with GST-apoPholasin, the complex of GST-apoPholasin and dCTZ (GST-apoPholasin/dCTZ complex) was formed immediately and showed bright yellow fluorescence (λmax = 539 nm, excited at 430 nm). Unexpectedly, the fluorescent chromophore of the GST-apoPholasin/dCTZ complex was identified as non-fluorescent dCTZ. The luminescence intensity of the GST-apoPholasin/dCTZ complex was increased in a catalase-H2O2 system, but not in sodium hypochlorite.
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Sharifian S, Homaei A, Hemmati R, B Luwor R, Khajeh K. The emerging use of bioluminescence in medical research. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:74-86. [PMID: 29477474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence is the light produced by a living organism and is commonly emitted by sea life with Ca2+-regulated photoproteins being the most responsible for bioluminescence emission. Marine coelenterates provide important functions involved in essential purposes such as defense, feeding, and breeding. In this review, the main characteristics of marine photoproteins including aequorin, clytin, obelin, berovin, pholasin and symplectin from different marine organisms will be discussed. We will focused on the recent use of recombinant photoproteins in different biomedical research fields including the measurement of Ca2+ in different intracellular compartments of animal cells, as labels in the design and development of binding assays. This review will also outline how bioluminescent photoproteins have been used in a plethora of analytical methods including ultra-sensitive assays and in vivo imaging of cellular processes. Due to their unique properties including elective intracellular distribution, wide dynamic range, high signal-to-noise ratio and low Ca2+-buffering effect, recombinant photoproteins represent a promising future analytical tool in several in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Sharifian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Roohullah Hemmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Oba Y, Stevani CV, Oliveira AG, Tsarkova AS, Chepurnykh TV, Yampolsky IV. Selected Least Studied but not Forgotten Bioluminescent Systems. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:405-415. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Oba
- Department of Environmental Biology; Chubu University; Kasugai Japan
| | - Cassius V. Stevani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Anderson G. Oliveira
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física; Química e Geológica; Instituto Oceanográfico; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Aleksandra S. Tsarkova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Chepurnykh
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - Ilia V. Yampolsky
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Moscow Russia
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Characterization of hydromedusan Ca2+-regulated photoproteins as a tool for measurement of Ca2+concentration. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5715-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Bioluminescence is a chemical reaction process for light emission in vivo. An organic substance is normally oxidized in the protein to obtain the energy required for the light emission. Determination of the structure of the substance is one of the most important parts of bioluminescent research. Photoproteins of a flying squid and a mollusk contain chromophores that are formed by connecting an apo-protein and dehydrocoelenterazine. The chromophore has a chemical structure that can emit light in a photoprotein. The structural analysis of the chromophores in the photoproteins is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kuse
- a Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry , Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
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12
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Cloning, Sequencing, Expression and Structural Investigation of Mnemiopsin from Mnemiopsis leidyi: An Attempt Toward Understanding Ca2+-Regulated Photoproteins. Protein J 2011; 30:566-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-011-9363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Weingerl V, Strlič M, Kočar D. Evaluation of the Chemiluminometric Method for Determination of Polyphenols in Wine. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.512674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tanaka E, Kuse M, Nishikawa T. Dehydrocoelenterazine is the organic substance constituting the prosthetic group of Pholasin. Chembiochem 2010; 10:2725-9. [PMID: 19813233 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Furo-cho, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Abstract
Bioluminescence spans all oceanic dimensions and has evolved many times--from bacteria to fish--to powerfully influence behavioral and ecosystem dynamics. New methods and technology have brought great advances in understanding of the molecular basis of bioluminescence, its physiological control, and its significance in marine communities. Novel tools derived from understanding the chemistry of natural light-producing molecules have led to countless valuable applications, culminating recently in a related Nobel Prize. Marine organisms utilize bioluminescence for vital functions ranging from defense to reproduction. To understand these interactions and the distributions of luminous organisms, new instruments and platforms allow observations on individual to oceanographic scales. This review explores recent advances, including the chemical and molecular, phylogenetic and functional, community and oceanographic aspects of bioluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H D Haddock
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California 95039, USA.
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Kuse M, Tanaka E, Nishikawa T. Pholasin luminescence is enhanced by addition of dehydrocoelenterazine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5657-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Viviani VR, Hastings JW, Wilson T. Two Bioluminescent Diptera: The North American Orfelia fultoni and the Australian Arachnocampa flava. Similar Niche, Different Bioluminescence Systems¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0750022tbdtna2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ohmiya Y, Kojima S, Nakamura M, Niwa H. Bioluminescence in the Limpet-Like Snail,Latia neritoides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.78.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Blann A, Marwah S, Serjeant G, Bareford D, Wright J. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2003; 14:255-259. [DOI: 10.1097/00001721-200304000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Blann AD, Marwah S, Serjeant G, Bareford D, Wright J. Platelet activation and endothelial cell dysfunction in sickle cell disease is unrelated to reduced antioxidant capacity. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2003; 14:255-9. [PMID: 12695748 DOI: 10.1097/01.mbc.0000061293.28953.8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Possible pathogenetic processes in sickle cell disease include antioxidants, endothelial and platelet changes, and hypercoagulability. Hypothesizing relationships between these processes, we recruited 47 young adult patients (mean age 19 years) with homozygous sickle cell disease and 40 age-, race- and sex-matched healthy controls and measured plasma markers representative of these processes. We found raised plasma von Willebrand factor (P = 0.001) and intercellular adhesion molecule (P = 0.016, both marking endothelial perturbation, but the latter also marking inflammation), raised soluble P selectin (P = 0.002) (marking platelet activation) and inflammation marker C reactive protein (P = 0.021), but reduced antioxidant capacity (P = 0.002) in patients compared with controls. There was no difference in fibrinogen and there was no significant correlation between any of the indices. Our data suggest that changes in endothelial and platelet function in sickle cell disease are unrelated to reduced antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Blann
- Department of Haematology, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK.
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Swindle EJ, Hunt JA, Coleman JW. A comparison of reactive oxygen species generation by rat peritoneal macrophages and mast cells using the highly sensitive real-time chemiluminescent probe pholasin: inhibition of antigen-induced mast cell degranulation by macrophage-derived hydrogen peroxide. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:5866-73. [PMID: 12421969 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells and macrophages live in close proximity in vivo and reciprocally regulate one another's function in various ways. Although activated macrophages possess a powerful reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating system, there is conflicting evidence regarding whether mast cells can produce ROS. We used the highly sensitive real-time chemiluminescent probe Pholasin to examine ROS release by peritoneal macrophages and mast cells isolated from OVA-sensitized rats. Macrophages stimulated with PMA (0.8 microM) or ionomycin (1 microM), but not OVA (1 microg/ml), released high-level ROS, levels of which peaked after 3-7 min and declined to baseline levels within 1 h. Superoxide was identified as the major ROS species induced by PMA but not by ionomycin. In contrast, purified mast cells stimulated with PMA released low-level ROS, which was entirely due to the contaminating (2%) macrophages, and did not release any detectable ROS in response to ionomycin or OVA at concentrations that induced degranulation. Stimulation of mixed cell populations with PMA to induce macrophage ROS release led to 50% inhibition of serotonin release from mast cells stimulated 5 min later with OVA. The PMA-induced inhibitory factor was identified as hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, activated rat peritoneal macrophages but not mast cells produce ROS, and macrophage-derived hydrogen peroxide inhibits mast cell degranulation. The latter could be an important mechanism whereby phagocytic cells regulate mast cell activation and promote resolution of IgE-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Swindle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
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Viviani VR, Hastings JW, Wilson T. Two bioluminescent diptera: the North American Orfelia fultoni and the Australian Arachnocampa flava. Similar niche, different bioluminescence systems. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 75:22-7. [PMID: 11837324 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)075<0022:tbdtna>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Orfelia fultoni is the only bioluminescent dipteran (Mycetophilidae) found in North America. Its larvae live on stream banks in the Appalachian Mountains. Like their Australasian relative Arachnocampa spp., they build sticky webs to which their bioluminescence attracts flying prey. They bear two translucent lanterns at the extremities of the body, histologically distinct from the single caudal lantern of Arachnocampa spp., and emit the bluest bioluminescence recorded for luminescent insects (lambda(max) = 460 nm versus 484 nm from Arachnocampa). A preliminary characterization of these two bioluminescent systems indicates that they are markedly different. In Orfelia a luciferin-luciferase reaction was demonstrated by mixing a hot extract prepared with dithiothreitol (DTT) under argon with a crude cold extract. Bioluminescence is not activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but is strongly stimulated by DTT and ascorbic acid. Using gel filtration, we isolated a luciferase fraction of approximately 140 kDa and an additional high molecular weight fraction (possibly a luciferin-binding protein) that activated bioluminescence in the presence of luciferase and DTT. The Arachnocampa luciferin-luciferase system involves a 36 kDa luciferase and a luciferin soluble in ethyl acetate under acidic conditions; the bioluminescence is activated by ATP but not by DTT. The present findings indicate that the bioluminescence of O. fultoni constitutes a novel bioluminescent system unrelated to that of Arachnocampa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim R Viviani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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