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Nie R, Zhang W, Tian H, Li J, Ling Y, Zhang B, Zhang H, Wu C. Proteo-transcriptomic profiles reveal key regulatory pathways and functions of LDHA in the ovulation of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus). J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:68. [PMID: 38725063 PMCID: PMC11083957 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In poultry, the smooth transition of follicles from the preovulatory-to-postovulatory phase impacts egg production in hens and can benefit the poultry industry. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying follicular ovulation in avians is a complex biological process that remains unclear. RESULTS Critical biochemical events involved in ovulation in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus) were evaluated by transcriptomics, proteomics, and in vitro assays. Comparative transcriptome analyses of the largest preovulatory follicle (F1) and postovulatory follicle (POF1) in continuous laying (CL) and intermittent laying (IL) chickens indicated the greatest difference between CL_F1 and IL_F1, with 950 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the smallest difference between CL_POF1 and IL_POF1, with 14 DEGs. Additionally, data-independent acquisition proteomics revealed 252 differentially abundant proteins between CL_F1 and IL_F1. Perivitelline membrane synthesis, steroid biosynthesis, lysosomes, and oxidative phosphorylation were identified as pivotal pathways contributing to ovulation regulation. In particular, the regulation of zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3, plasminogen activator, cathepsin A, and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) was shown to be essential for ovulation. Furthermore, the inhibition of LDHA decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis of ovarian follicles in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals several important biochemical events involved in the process of ovulation, as well as crucial role of LDHA. These findings improve our understanding of ovulation and its regulatory mechanisms in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haoyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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2
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Pisciottano F, Campos MC, Penna C, Bruque CD, Gabaldón T, Saragüeta P. Positive selection in gamete interaction proteins in Carnivora. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17263. [PMID: 38318732 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The absence of robust interspecific isolation barriers among pantherines, including the iconic South American jaguar (Panthera onca), led us to study molecular evolution of typically rapidly evolving reproductive proteins within this subfamily and related groups. In this study, we delved into the evolutionary forces acting on the zona pellucida (ZP) gamete interaction protein family and the sperm-oocyte fusion protein pair IZUMO1-JUNO across the Carnivora order, distinguishing between Caniformia and Feliformia suborders and anticipating few significant diversifying changes in the Pantherinae subfamily. A chromosome-resolved jaguar genome assembly facilitated coding sequences, enabling the reconstruction of protein evolutionary histories. Examining sequence variability across more than 30 Carnivora species revealed that Feliformia exhibited significantly lower diversity compared to its sister taxa, Caniformia. Molecular evolution analyses of ZP2 and ZP3, subunits directly involved in sperm-recognition, unveiled diversifying positive selection in Feliformia, Caniformia and Pantherinae, although no significant changes were linked to sperm binding. Structural cross-linking ZP subunits, ZP4 and ZP1 exhibited lower levels or complete absence of positive selection. Notably, the fusion protein IZUMO1 displayed prominent positive selection signatures and sites in basal lineages of both Caniformia and Feliformia, extending along the Caniformia subtree but absent in Pantherinae. Conversely, JUNO did not exhibit any positive selection signatures across tested lineages and clades. Eight Caniformia-specific positive selected sites in IZUMO1 were detected within two JUNO-interaction clusters. Our findings provide for the first time insights into the evolutionary trajectories of ZP proteins and the IZUMO1-JUNO gamete interaction pair within the Carnivora order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pisciottano
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Clara Campos
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clementina Penna
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos David Bruque
- Unidad de Conocimiento Traslacional Hospitalaria Patagónica, Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Calafate SAMIC, El Calafate, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Saragüeta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Dong J, Pei K, Xu W, Gong M, Zhu W, Liu S, Tang M, Liu J, Xia X, Bu X, Nie L. Zona pellucida family genes in Chinese pond turtle: identification, expression profiles, and role in the spermatozoa acrosome reaction†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:97-106. [PMID: 37140246 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix that surrounds all vertebrate eggs, and it is involved in fertilization and species-specific recognition. Numerous in-depth studies of the ZP proteins of mammals, birds, amphibians, and fishes have been conducted, but systematic investigation of the ZP family genes and their role during fertilization in reptiles has not been reported to date. In this study, we identified six turtle ZP (Tu-ZP) gene subfamilies (Tu-ZP1, Tu-ZP2, Tu-ZP3, Tu-ZP4, Tu-ZPD, and Tu-ZPAX) based on whole genome sequence data from Mauremys reevesii. We found that Tu-ZP4 had large segmental duplication and was distributed on three chromosomes, and we also detected gene duplication in the other Tu-ZP genes. To evaluate the role of Tu-ZP proteins in sperm-egg binding, we assessed the expression pattern of these Tu-ZP proteins and their ability to induce the spermatozoa acrosome reaction in M. reevesii. In conclusion, this is the first report of the existence of gene duplication of Tu-ZP genes and that Tu-ZP2, Tu-ZP3, and Tu-ZPD can induce acrosome exocytosis of spermatogenesis in the reptile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Dong
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Kejiao Pei
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wannan Xu
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mengmeng Gong
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wenrui Zhu
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Min Tang
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xingquan Xia
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xinjiang Bu
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Liuwang Nie
- Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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4
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Okumura H, Mizuno A, Iwamoto E, Sakuma R, Nishio S, Nishijima KI, Matsuda T, Ujita M. New insights into the role of microheterogeneity of ZP3 during structural maturation of the avian equivalent of mammalian zona pellucida. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283087. [PMID: 36943849 PMCID: PMC10030024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The egg coat including mammalian zona pellucida (ZP) and the avian equivalent, i.e., inner-perivitelline layer (IPVL), is a specialized extracellular matrix being composed of the ZP glycoproteins and surrounds both pre-ovulatory oocytes and ovulated egg cells in vertebrates. The egg coat is well known for its potential importance in both the reproduction and early development, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Interestingly, ZP3, one of the ZP-glycoprotein family members forming scaffolds of the egg-coat matrices with other ZP glycoproteins, exhibits extreme but distinctive microheterogeneity to form a large number of isoelectric-point isoforms at least in the chicken IPVL. In the present study, we performed three-dimensional confocal imaging and two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) of chicken IPVLs that were isolated from the ovarian follicles at different growth stages before ovulation. The results suggest that the relative proportions of the ZP3 isoforms are differentially altered during the structural maturation of the egg-coat matrices. Furthermore, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses and ZP1 binding assays against separated ZP3 isoforms demonstrated that each ZP3 isoform contains characteristic modifications, and there are large differences among ZP3 isoforms in the ZP1 binding affinities. These results suggest that the microheterogeneity of chicken ZP3 might be regulated to be associated with the formation of egg-coat matrices during the structural maturation of chicken IPVL. Our findings may provide new insights into molecular mechanisms of egg-coat assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Okumura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayaka Mizuno
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eri Iwamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rio Sakuma
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nishio
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ken-Ichi Nishijima
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Minoru Ujita
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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Zhang J, Zhang XQ, Ling XZ, Zhao XH, Zhou KZ, Wang JY, Zhang GX. Prediction of the Effect of Methylation in the Promoter Region of ZP2 Gene on Egg Production in Jinghai Yellow Chickens. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100570. [PMID: 36288183 PMCID: PMC9609111 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg production in chickens is a quantitative trait. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of promoter methylation of the Zona pellucida 2 (ZP2) gene on egg production. Real-time fluorescence quantification showed that the expression of the ZP2 gene in the ovaries of 300-day-old Jinghai yellow chickens in the high-laying group was significantly higher than that in the low-laying group (p < 0.01). A series of deletion fragments of the ZP2 gene promoter in Jinghai yellow chickens had different promoter activities in DF-1 cells, and the core region of the ZP2 gene promoter was found to be between −1552 and −1348. Four CpG islands in the promoter region of the ZP2 gene were detected by software prediction. The overall degree of methylation of the ZP2-1 amplified fragment was negatively correlated with mRNA expression to some extent (R = −0.197); the overall degree of methylation of the ZP2-2 amplified fragment was also negatively correlated with mRNA expression to some extent (R = −0.264), in which the methylation of methylcytosine (mC)-9, mC-20, and mC-21 sites was significantly negatively correlated with mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In addition, the mC-20 and mC-21 sites are located on the Sp1 transcription factor binding site, and it is speculated that these two sites may be the main sites for regulating transcription. In summary, the methylation sites mC-20 and mC-21 of the ZP2 gene may inhibit the binding of Sp1 and DNA, affect the transcription of the ZP2 gene, and then affect the number of eggs produced by the Jinghai yellow chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xuan-Ze Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kai-Zhi Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jin-Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Gen-Xi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Benson A, Steed J, Malloy M, Davis AJ. Quantitative Protein Analysis of ZPB2, ZPB1 and ZPC in the Germinal Disc and a Non-Germinal Disc Region of the Inner Perivitelline Layer in Two Genetic Lines of Turkey Hens That Differ in Fertility. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131672. [PMID: 35804570 PMCID: PMC9265051 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian inner perivitelline layer (IPVL), containing the zona pellucida (ZP) family of proteins, surrounds the ovulated ovum. In mammalian species, ZP proteins serve as key component(s) in binding sperm and initiating the acrosome reaction. Sperm binding at the germinal disc (GD) region of the IPVL initiates fertilization in avian species, and the amount of sperm binding at the GD reflects female fertility. The current research determined whether reported differences in mRNA expression in two genetic lines of turkey hens (E, high fertility and F, low fertility) translated to the protein level. ZPB2 in the IPVL is greater in the GD region compared with the nongerminal disc (NGD) region, as indicated by both mRNA and protein expression. However, protein expressions of ZPB1 and ZPC in the IPVL of E- and F-line turkey hens was in contrast to previously reported mRNA expression. The results indicate that the mRNA expression of ZP proteins at their site of synthesis in E- and F-line hens often does not directly correlate with the IPVL abundance of these proteins. The greater protein concentration of ZPB2 in the GD region compared with the NGD regions suggests that this protein may be critical for sperm binding at the GD region.
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7
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Brégeon M, Tomas D, Bernay B, Zatylny-Gaudin C, Georgeault S, Labas V, Réhault-Godbert S, Guyot N. Multifaceted roles of the egg perivitelline layer in avian reproduction: Functional insights from the proteomes of chicken egg inner and outer sublayers. J Proteomics 2022; 258:104489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Słowińska M, Paukszto Ł, Pardyak L, Jastrzębski JP, Liszewska E, Wiśniewska J, Kozłowski K, Jankowski J, Bilińska B, Ciereszko A. Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Revealed Key Pathways Regulating Final Stage of Oocyte Maturation of the Turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910589. [PMID: 34638931 PMCID: PMC8508634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In birds, the zona pellucida (ZP) matrix that surrounds the ovulated oocyte—called the inner perivitelline layer—is involved in sperm–zona interaction and successful fertilization. To identify the important genes and proteins connected with the final step of egg development, next-generation sequencing and two-dimensional electrophoresis, combined with mass spectrometry, were used for the analysis of mature oocytes at the F1 developmental stage. A total of 8161 genes and 228 proteins were annotated. Six subfamilies of genes, with codes ZP, ZP1–4, ZPD, and ZPAX, were identified, with the dominant expression of ZPD. The main expression site for ZP1 was the liver; however, granulosa cells may also participate in local ZP1 secretion. A ubiquitination system was identified in mature oocytes, where ZP1 was found to be the main ubiquitinated protein. Analysis of transcripts classified in estrogen receptor (ESR) signaling indicated the presence of ESR1 and ESR2, as well as a set of estrogen-dependent genes involved in both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms for the regulation of gene expression by estrogen. Oxidative phosphorylation was found to be a possible source of adenosine triphosphate, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway could be involved in the response against oxidative stress. Oocyte–granulosa cell communication by tight, adherens, and gap junctions seems to be essential for the final step of oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Słowińska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.L.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-89-539-3173
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.P.J.)
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-248 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jan P. Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.P.J.)
| | - Ewa Liszewska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kozłowski
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Barbara Bilińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.L.); (A.C.)
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9
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Izquierdo-Rico MJ, Moros-Nicolás C, Pérez-Crespo M, Laguna-Barraza R, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Veyrunes F, Ballesta J, Laudet V, Chevret P, Avilés M. ZP4 Is Present in Murine Zona Pellucida and Is Not Responsible for the Specific Gamete Interaction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:626679. [PMID: 33537315 PMCID: PMC7848090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.626679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian eggs are surrounded by an extracellular matrix called the zona pellucida (ZP). This envelope participates in processes such as acrosome reaction induction, sperm binding, protection of the oviductal embryo, and may be involved in speciation. In eutherian mammals, this coat is formed of three or four glycoproteins (ZP1–ZP4). While Mus musculus has been used as a model to study the ZP for more than 35 years, surprisingly, it is the only eutherian species in which the ZP is formed of three glycoproteins Zp1, Zp2, and Zp3, Zp4 being a pseudogene. Zp4 was lost in the Mus lineage after it diverged from Rattus, although it is not known when precisely this loss occurred. In this work, the status of Zp4 in several murine rodents was tested by phylogenetic, molecular, and proteomic analyses. Additionally, assays of cross in vitro fertilization between three and four ZP rodents were performed to test the effect of the presence of Zp4 in murine ZP and its possible involvement in reproductive isolation. Our results showed that Zp4 pseudogenization is restricted to the subgenus Mus, which diverged around 6 MYA. Heterologous in vitro fertilization assays demonstrate that a ZP formed of four glycoproteins is not a barrier for the spermatozoa of species with a ZP formed of three glycoproteins. This study identifies the existence of several mouse species with four ZPs that can be considered suitable for use as an experimental animal model to understand the structural and functional roles of the four ZP proteins in other species, including human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª José Izquierdo-Rico
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Carla Moros-Nicolás
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Míriam Pérez-Crespo
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Laguna-Barraza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frédéric Veyrunes
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554 CNRS/Université Montpellier/IRD/EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - José Ballesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Pascale Chevret
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Manuel Avilés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
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10
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Abstract
The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix that surrounds all mammalian oocytes, eggs, and early embryos and plays vital roles during oogenesis, fertilization, and preimplantation development. The ZP is composed of three or four glycosylated proteins, ZP1–4, that are synthesized, processed, secreted, and assembled into long, cross-linked fibrils by growing oocytes. ZP proteins have an immunoglobulin-like three-dimensional structure and a ZP domain that consists of two subdomains, ZP-N and ZP-C, with ZP-N of ZP2 and ZP3 required for fibril assembly. A ZP2–ZP3 dimer is located periodically along ZP fibrils that are cross-linked by ZP1, a protein with a proline-rich N terminus. Fibrils in the inner and outer regions of the ZP are oriented perpendicular and parallel to the oolemma, respectively, giving the ZP a multilayered appearance. Upon fertilization of eggs, modification of ZP2 and ZP3 results in changes in the ZP's physical and biological properties that have important consequences. Certain structural features of ZP proteins suggest that they may be amyloid-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline S. Litscher
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;,
| | - Paul M. Wassarman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;,
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11
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Damaziak K, Kieliszek M, Bucław M. Characterization of structure and protein of vitelline membranes of precocial (ring-necked pheasant, gray partridge) and superaltricial (cockatiel parrot, domestic pigeon) birds. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228310. [PMID: 31999757 PMCID: PMC6992205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Of all the known oviparous taxa, female birds lay the most diverse types of eggs that differ in terms of shape, shell pigmentation, and shell structure. The pigmentation of the shell, the weight of the egg, and the composition of the yolk correlate with environmental conditions and the needs of the developing embryos. In this study, we analyzed the structure and protein composition of the vitelline membrane (VM) of ring-necked pheasant, gray partridge, cockatiel parrot, and domestic pigeon eggs. We found that the VM structure is characteristic of each species and varies depending on whether the species is precocial (ring-necked pheasant and gray partridge) or superaltrical (cockatiel parrot and domestic pigeon). We hypothesize that a multilayer structure of VM is necessary to counteract the aging process of the egg. The multilayer structure of VM is only found in species with a large number of eggs in one clutch and is characterized by a long incubation period. An interesting discovery of this study is the three-layered VM of pheasant and partridge eggs. This shows that the formation of individual layers of VM in specific sections of the hen's reproductive system is not confirmed in other species. The number of protein fractions varied between 19 and 23, with a molecular weight ranging from 15 to 250 kDa, depending on the species. The number of proteins identified in the VM of the study birds' eggs is as follows: chicken-14, ring-necked pheasant-7, gray partridge-10, cockatiel parrot-6, and domestic pigeon-23. The highest number of species-specific proteins (21) was detected in the VM of domestic pigeon. This study is the first to present the structure and protein composition in the VM of ring-necked pheasant, gray partridge, cockatiel parrot, and domestic pigeon eggs. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between the hatching specification of birds and the structure of the VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Damaziak
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Institute of Animal Science, University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bucław
- Department of Poultry and Ornamental Bird Breeding, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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12
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Gloux A, Duclos MJ, Brionne A, Bourin M, Nys Y, Réhault-Godbert S. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic data related to the liver of laying hens: from physiological basics to newly identified functions. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:821. [PMID: 31699050 PMCID: PMC6839265 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At sexual maturity, the liver of laying hens undergoes many metabolic changes to support vitellogenesis. In published transcriptomic approaches, hundreds of genes were reported to be overexpressed in laying hens and functional gene annotation using gene ontology tools have essentially revealed an enrichment in lipid and protein metabolisms. We reanalyzed some data from a previously published article comparing 38-week old versus 10-week old hens to give a more integrative view of the functions stimulated in the liver at sexual maturity and to move beyond current physiological knowledge. Functions were defined based on information available in Uniprot database and published literature. Results Of the 516 genes previously shown to be overexpressed in the liver of laying hens, 475 were intracellular (1.23–50.72 fold changes), while only 36 were predicted to be secreted (1.35–66.93 fold changes) and 5 had no related information on their cellular location. Besides lipogenesis and protein metabolism, we demonstrated that the liver of laying hens overexpresses several clock genes (which supports the circadian control of liver metabolic functions) and was likely to be involved in a liver/brain/liver circuit (neurotransmitter transport), in thyroid and steroid hormones metabolisms. Many genes were associated with anatomical structure development, organ homeostasis but also regulation of blood pressure. As expected, several secreted proteins are incorporated in yolky follicles but we also evidenced that some proteins are likely participating in fertilization (ZP1, MFGE8, LINC00954, OVOCH1) and in thyroid hormone maturation (CPQ). We also proposed that secreted proteins (PHOSPHO1, FGF23, BMP7 but also vitamin-binding proteins) may contribute to the development of peripheral organs including the formation of medullar bones to provide labile calcium for eggshell formation. Thirteen genes are uniquely found in chicken/bird but not in human species, which strengthens that some of these genes may be specifically related to avian reproduction. Conclusions This study gives additional hypotheses on some molecular actors and mechanisms that are involved in basic physiological function of the liver at sexual maturity of hen. It also revealed some additional functions that accompany reproductive capacities of laying hens, and that are usually underestimated when using classical gene ontology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gloux
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | | | | | - Marie Bourin
- Institut Technique de l'Aviculture (ITAVI), Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Nys
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
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13
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Egg quality and safety with an overview of edible coating application for egg preservation. Food Chem 2019; 296:29-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Molecular basis of egg coat cross-linking sheds light on ZP1-associated female infertility. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3086. [PMID: 31300655 PMCID: PMC6626044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian fertilisation begins when sperm interacts with the egg zona pellucida (ZP), whose ZP1 subunit is important for fertility by covalently cross-linking ZP filaments into a three-dimensional matrix. Like ZP4, a structurally-related component absent in the mouse, ZP1 is predicted to contain an N-terminal ZP-N domain of unknown function. Here we report a characterisation of ZP1 proteins carrying mutations from infertile patients, which suggests that, in human, filament cross-linking by ZP1 is crucial to form a stable ZP. We map the function of ZP1 to its ZP-N1 domain and determine crystal structures of ZP-N1 homodimers from a chicken homolog of ZP1. These reveal that ZP filament cross-linking is highly plastic and can be modulated by ZP1 fucosylation and, potentially, zinc sparks. Moreover, we show that ZP4 ZP-N1 forms non-covalent homodimers in chicken but not in human. Together, these data identify human ZP1 cross-links as a promising target for non-hormonal contraception.
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15
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Moros-Nicolás C, Leza A, Chevret P, Guillén-Martínez A, González-Brusi L, Boué F, Lopez-Bejar M, Ballesta J, Avilés M, Izquierdo-Rico MJ. Analysis of ZP1 gene reveals differences in zona pellucida composition in carnivores. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:272-285. [PMID: 28679462 DOI: 10.1071/rd17022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular envelope that surrounds mammalian oocytes. This coat participates in the interaction between gametes, induction of the acrosome reaction, block of polyspermy and protection of the oviductal embryo. Previous studies suggested that carnivore ZP was formed by three glycoproteins (ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4), with ZP1 being a pseudogene. However, a recent study in the cat found that all four proteins were expressed. In the present study, in silico and molecular analyses were performed in several carnivores to clarify the ZP composition in this order of mammals. The in silico analysis demonstrated the presence of the ZP1 gene in five carnivores: cheetah, panda, polar bear, tiger and walrus, whereas in the Antarctic fur seal and the Weddell seal there was evidence of pseudogenisation. Molecular analysis showed the presence of four ZP transcripts in ferret ovaries (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4) and three in fox ovaries (ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4). Analysis of the fox ZP1 gene showed the presence of a stop codon. The results strongly suggest that all four ZP genes are expressed in most carnivores, whereas ZP1 pseudogenisation seems to have independently affected three families (Canidae, Otariidae and Phocidae) of the carnivore tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moros-Nicolás
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Leza
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - P Chevret
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Guillén-Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - L González-Brusi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - F Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, CS 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - M Lopez-Bejar
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ballesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Avilés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M J Izquierdo-Rico
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Benson AP, Malloy MN, Steed JR, Christensen VL, Fairchild BD, Davis AJ. Zona pellucida protein B2 messenger ribonucleic acid expression varies with follicular development and granulosa cell location. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3414-3421. [PMID: 28854741 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The freshly ovulated ovum in avian species is surrounded by a protein layer called the inner perivitelline layer (IPVL). The IPVL contains zona pellucida proteins and 6 distinct zona pellucida genes have been identified (ZPA, ZPB1, ZPB2, ZPC, ZPD and ZPX1) in the chicken. In the present research, the expression of the mRNA for ZPA, ZPB2, and ZPX1 was investigated in 2 lines of turkey hens selected for either increased egg production (E line) or increased body weight (F line). Theca and granulosa cell expression of the mRNA for ZPA and ZPB2 was also investigated in hierarchical and prehierarchical follicles from broiler breeder hens. Granulosa tissue was collected from F1 through F4 and F1 through F10 follicles in E line and F line hens, respectively. A one cm2 section of the granulosa layer around the germinal disc (GD) and an equivalent sized nongerminal disc (NGD) area was also collected from the F1 and F2 follicles from other hens from each genetic line. Granulosa and theca tissue was collected from hierarchical and prehierarchical follicles of broiler breeder hens. Total RNA was extracted from the samples. Minor groove-binding probes and primers for detecting ZPA, ZPB2, and ZPX1, were made for real-time PCR analyses. Expression of ZPA, ZPB2, and ZPX1 was detected in all follicle sizes from both genetic lines of hens. No significant differences in ZPA and ZPX1 mRNA expression were detected between the GD and NGD granulosa cells. However, the expression of the mRNA for ZPB2 was significantly greater in the GD granulosa cells when compared to the NGD granulosa cells in F1 and F2 follicles from E line and F line hens. In broiler breeder hens, the mRNA expression of ZPA and ZPB2 was greatest in the smallest prehierarchical follicles. The results suggest that higher expression of ZPB2 in the germinal disc area may be important for the preferential binding of sperm to this region of the IPVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Benson
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2772.
| | - M N Malloy
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2772
| | - J R Steed
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2772
| | - V L Christensen
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - B D Fairchild
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2772
| | - A J Davis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2772
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17
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Abstract
All animal oocytes are surrounded by a glycoproteinaceous egg coat, a specialized extracellular matrix that serves both structural and species-specific roles during fertilization. Egg coat glycoproteins polymerize into the extracellular matrix of the egg coat using a conserved protein-protein interaction module-the zona pellucida (ZP) domain-common to both vertebrates and invertebrates, suggesting that the basic structural features of egg coats have been conserved across hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Egg coat proteins, as with other proteins involved in reproduction, are frequently found to be rapidly evolving. Given that gamete compatibility must be maintained for the fitness of sexually reproducing organisms, this finding is somewhat paradoxical and suggests a role for adaptive diversification in reproductive protein evolution. Here we review the structure and function of metazoan egg coat proteins, with an emphasis on the potential role their evolution has played in the creation and maintenance of species boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Killingbeck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Willie J Swanson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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18
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Abstract
An ovulated egg of vertebrates is surrounded by unique extracellular matrix, the egg coat or zona pellucida, playing important roles in fertilization and early development. The vertebrate egg coat is composed of two to six zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins that are characterized by the evolutionarily conserved ZP-domain module and classified into six subfamilies based on phylogenetic analyses. Interestingly, investigations of biochemical and functional features of the ZP glycoproteins show that the roles of each ZP-glycoprotein family member in the egg-coat formation and the egg-sperm interactions seemingly vary across vertebrates. This might be one reason why comprehensive understandings of the molecular basis of either architecture or physiological functions of egg coat still remain elusive despite more than 3 decades of intensive investigations. In this chapter, an overview of avian egg focusing on the oogenesis are provided in the first section, and unique features of avian egg coat, i.e., perivitelline layer, including the morphology, biogenesis pathway, and physiological functions are discussed mainly on chicken and quail in terms of the characteristics of ZP glycoproteins in the following sections. In addition, these features of avian egg coat are compared to mammalian zona pellucida, from the viewpoint that the structural and functional varieties of ZP glycoproteins might be associated with the evolutionary adaptation to their reproductive strategies. By comparing the egg coat of birds and mammals whose reproductive strategies are largely different, new insights into the molecular mechanisms of vertebrate egg-sperm interactions might be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Okumura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.
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19
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Wu T, Cheng Y, Liu Z, Tao W, Zheng S, Wang D. Bioinformatic analyses of zona pellucida genes in vertebrates and their expression in Nile tilapia. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:435-449. [PMID: 29307115 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zona pellucida (ZP) genes encode ZP glycoproteins which constitute the coat surrounding oocytes and early embryos. Genome-wide identification of ZP genes is still lacking in vertebrates, especially in fish species. Herein, we conducted bioinformatic analyses of the ZP genes of the Nile tilapia and other vertebrates. Totally 16, 9, 17, 27, 21, 20, 26, 19, 14,11, 24, 17, 9, 18, 8, 11, 9, 8, 5, and 4 ZP genes belonging to 5 subfamilies (ZPA, ZPB, ZPC, ZPD, and ZPAX) were found in the sea lamprey, elephant shark, coelacanth, spotted gar, zebrafish, medaka, stickleback, Nile tilapia, Amazon molly, platyfish, seahorse, Northern snakehead, cavefish, tetraodon, clawed frog, turtle, chicken, platypus, kangaroo rat, and human genomes, respectively. The expansion of ZP genes in basal vertebrates was mainly achieved by gene duplication of ZPB, ZPC, and ZPAX subfamilies, while the shrink of ZP gene number in viviparous mammals was achieved by keeping only one copy of the ZP genes in each subfamily or even secondary loss of some subfamilies. The number of ZP gene is related to the environment where the eggs are fertilized and the embryos develop in vertebrates. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 14 ZP genes were expressed in the ovary of Nile tilapia, while two (ZPB2b and ZPC2) were highly expressed in the liver. On the other hand, ZPB1a and ZPB2c were not found to be expressed in any tissue or at any developmental stage of the gonads examined. In the ovary, the expression of ZP genes started from 30 dah (days after hatching), significantly upregulated at 90 dah and maintained this level at 180 dah. The expression of ZPC2 in the liver and ZPC5-2 and ZPAX1 in the ovary was confirmed by in situ hybridization. The ovary- and liver-expressed ZP genes are expressed coordinately with oocyte growth in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524025, China
| | - Yunying Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shuqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Nishio S, Okumura H, Matsuda T. Egg-Coat and Zona Pellucida Proteins of Chicken as a Typical Species of Aves. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 130:307-329. [PMID: 29853181 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Birds are oviparous vertebrates in terrestrial animals. Birds' eggs accumulate mass of egg yolk during the egg development and are accordingly much larger than the eggs of viviparous vertebrates. Despite such difference in size and contents, the birds' eggs are surrounded with the egg-coat morphologically and compositionally resembling the mammalian egg-coat, zona pellucida. On the other hand, there are some differences in part between the two egg-coats, though relationships of such structural differences to any biological roles specific for the extracellular matrix of birds' eggs are not fully understood. In birds, unlike mammals, ZP proteins constituting the egg-coat are highly conserved and therefore those of chicken are described as a representative of birds. The egg-coat ZP proteins, ZP1, ZP3, and ZPD as the majors, accumulate and form the matrix by self-assembly around the egg rapidly growing in the ovarian follicle, in which ZP1 is from liver and both ZP3 and ZPD are from follicular granulosa cells. Although details of the egg-coat-sperm interaction on fertilization remain to be investigated, the lytic degradation process of egg-coat matrix for the sperm penetration has become to be clarified gradually. ZP1 is the primary target of sperm acrosin, and the limited cleavage in the specific region leading to the loss of intermolecular cross-linkages is crucial for the lysis of egg-coat matrix. Possible roles of the ZP1 with the additional sequence characteristic to birds are discussed from a viewpoint of giving both robustness and elastomeric nature to the egg-coat matrix for the birds' eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nishio
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Nishio S, Matsuda T. Fertilization 1: Sperm-Egg Interaction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1001:91-103. [PMID: 28980231 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3975-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In birds in the reproductive season, an egg is ovulated without cumulus cells from the largest follicle with the highest hierarchy in the ovary. The outermost part of the ovulated eggs is the perivitelline layer, a glycoprotein matrix consisting of a few ZP-glycoproteins. The fertilization starts from sperm penetration of the perivitelline layer predominantly in the germinal disc region, followed by uptake of the sperm into the egg, and goes through by the fusion of sperm male pronucleus with the female pronucleus in the egg. A series of these fertilization steps occurs in the infundibulum of the oviduct within a short period after ovulation. Some pioneering microstructural studies using electron microscopy and supporting biochemical data from later studies indicate that, in avian fertilization, sperm interacts with the perivitelline layer covering the germinal disc, locally degrade and dissolve the matrix of the perivitelline layer, and penetrate it through the hole made proteolytically at the sperm-binding site on the perivitelline layer. Several molecules and structures presumably involved in the sperm-perivitelline interaction have been characterized, especially sperm proteases and their targets in the egg perivitelline layer. On the other hand, no molecules involved in the sperm-egg membrane fusion for the male pronucleus uptake into the egg have yet been identified or characterized and, moreover, no orthologue but one have been annotated so far in the chicken genome for the mouse genes involved in the sperm-egg membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nishio
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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Abstract
Fertilization in animals that employ sexual reproduction is an indispensable event for the production of the next generation. A significant advancement in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sperm-egg interaction in mammalian species was achieved in the last few decades. However, the same level of knowledge has not been accumulated for birds because of egg size and the difficulty in mimicking the physiological polyspermy that takes place during normal fertilization. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of sperm-egg interaction mechanism during fertilization in birds, especially focusing on sperm-egg binding, sperm acrosome reaction and the authentic sperm protease required for the hole formation on the perivitelline membrane. We explain that the zona pellucida proteins (ZP1 and ZP3) in the perivitelline membrane play important roles in sperm-egg binding, induction of the acrosome reaction as well as sperm penetration by digestion of sperm protease. We anticipate that a deeper understanding of avian fertilization will open up new avenues to create powerful tools for a myriad of applications in the poultry industries including the production of transgenic and cloned birds.
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de Araujo GR, de Paula TAR, Deco-Souza TD, Garay RDM, Letícia Bergo C, Csermak-Júnior AC, da Silva LC, Alves SVP. Ocelot and oncilla spermatozoa can bind hen egg perivitelline membranes. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 163:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Okumura H, Sato T, Sakuma R, Fukushima H, Matsuda T, Ujita M. Identification of distinctive interdomain interactions among ZP-N, ZP-C and other domains of zona pellucida glycoproteins underlying association of chicken egg-coat matrix. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:454-65. [PMID: 26106520 PMCID: PMC4475693 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken ZP1 and ZP3 assemble through strong interactions between their ZP-C domains. ZP-C domains of chicken ZP1 and ZP3 are deeply embedded in the egg-coat matrix. Chicken ZP1 forms a homocomplex through non-covalent interaction between repeat domains. Chicken ZPD is deposited on the interstices of ZP1–ZP3 matrix in the egg coat. We propose a model for the architecture of chicken egg-coat matrix from these results.
The vertebrate egg coat, including mammalian zona pellucida, is an oocyte-specific extracellular matrix comprising two to six zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins. The egg coat plays important roles in fertilization, especially in species-specific interactions with sperm to induce the sperm acrosome reaction and to form the block to polyspermy. It is suggested that the physiological functions of the egg coat are mediated and/or regulated coordinately by peptide and carbohydrate moieties of the ZP glycoproteins that are spatially arranged in the egg coat, whereas a comprehensive understanding of the architecture of vertebrate egg-coat matrix remains elusive. Here, we deduced the orientations and/or distributions of chicken ZP glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP3 and ZPD, in the egg-coat matrix by confocal immunofluorescent microscopy, and in the ZP1–ZP3 complexes generated in vitro by co-immunoprecipitation assays. We further confirmed interdomain interactions of the ZP glycoproteins by far-Western blot analyses of the egg-coat proteins and pull-down assays of ZP1 in the serum, using recombinant domains of ZP glycoproteins as probes. Our results suggest that the ZP1 and ZP3 bind through their ZP-C domains to form the ZP1–ZP3 complexes and fibrils, which are assembled into bundles through interactions between the repeat domains of ZP1 to form the ZP1–ZP3 matrix, and that the ZPD molecules self-associate and bind to the ZP1–ZP3 matrix through its ZP-N and ZP-C domains to form the egg-coat matrix. Based on these results, we propose a tentative model for the architecture of the chicken egg-coat matrix that might be applicable to other vertebrate ones.
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Key Words
- CBB, Coomassie Brilliant Blue
- DIC, differential interference contrast
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EHP, external hydrophobic patch
- Egg coat
- Extracellular matrix
- Fertilization
- His6, hexahistidine
- IHP, internal hydrophobic patch
- Interdomain interaction
- MBP, maltose binding protein
- RT, room temperature
- TGFR, transforming growth factor-β receptor
- THP, Tamm–Horsfall protein
- Trx, thioredoxin
- ZP, zona pellucida
- Zona pellucida
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Okumura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +81 52 838 2451; fax: +81 52 833 5524.
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Rio Sakuma
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fukushima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Minoru Ujita
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
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Nishio S, Kohno Y, Iwata Y, Arai M, Okumura H, Oshima K, Nadano D, Matsuda T. Glycosylated Chicken ZP2 Accumulates in the Egg Coat of Immature Oocytes and Remains Localized to the Germinal Disc Region of Mature Eggs1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:107. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.119826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Losano JDA, Angrimani DSR, Pereira RJG, Rocha AM, Criscuolo TS, Barnabe VH, Barnabe RC, Mendes CM, Assumpção MEOA, Nichi M. Utilisation of sperm-binding assay combined with computer-assisted sperm analysis to evaluate frozen-thawed bull semen. Andrologia 2014; 47:77-84. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. A. Losano
- Department of Animal Reproduction; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - D. S. R. Angrimani
- Department of Animal Reproduction; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. J. G. Pereira
- Department of Animal Reproduction; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - A. M. Rocha
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - T. S. Criscuolo
- Embryology Department; Huntington Medicina Reprodutiva; São Paulo Brazil
| | - V. H. Barnabe
- Department of Animal Reproduction; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. C. Barnabe
- Department of Animal Reproduction; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - C. M. Mendes
- Department of Animal Reproduction; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. E. O. A. Assumpção
- Department of Animal Reproduction; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Nichi
- Department of Animal Reproduction; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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27
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Posttranslational modifications of zona pellucida proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 759:111-40. [PMID: 25030762 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0817-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The zona pellucida (ZP), which surrounds the mammalian oocyte, functions in various aspects of fertilization. The ZP consists of three or four glycoproteins, which are derived from transmembrane proteins that lack the ability to self-assemble. Following posttranslational processing at specific sites, ectodomains of ZP precursor proteins are released from the membrane and begin to form a matrix. Glycosylational modification is thought to be involved in species-selective sperm recognition by ZP proteins. However, in mice, the supramolecular structure of the zona matrix is also important in sperm recognition. One ZP protein, ZP2, is processed at a specific site upon fertilization by ovastacin, which is released from cortical granules inside the oocyte. This phenomenon is involved in the block to polyspermy. The proteolysis of ubiquitinated ZP proteins by a sperm-associated proteasome is involved in penetration of the zona matrix by sperm, at least in the pigs. Thus, the posttranslational modification of ZP proteins is closely tied to ZP formation and the regulation of sperm-oocyte interactions.
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SANO KAORI, KAWAGUCHI MARI, WATANABE SATOSHI, NAGAKURA YOSHITOMO, HIRAKI TAKASHI, YASUMASU SHIGEKI. Inferring the Evolution of TeleosteanzpGenes Based on Their Sites of Expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2013; 320:332-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KAORI SANO
- Department of Science and Technology; Sophia University; Tokyo Japan
| | - MARI KAWAGUCHI
- Department of Science and Technology; Sophia University; Tokyo Japan
| | - SATOSHI WATANABE
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences; Tsukuba Japan
| | - YOSHITOMO NAGAKURA
- Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute; Fisheries Research Agency; Miyagi Japan
| | - TAKASHI HIRAKI
- Department of Science and Technology; Sophia University; Tokyo Japan
| | - SHIGEKI YASUMASU
- Department of Science and Technology; Sophia University; Tokyo Japan
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Abstract
Biogenesis of the zona pellucida (ZP), the extracellular coat that surrounds all mammalian eggs, is a universal and essential feature of mammalian oogenesis and reproduction. The mouse egg's ZP consists of only three glycoproteins, called ZP1-3, that are synthesized, secreted, and assembled into an extracellular coat exclusively by growing oocytes during late stages of oogenesis while oocytes are arrested in meiosis. Expression of ZP genes and synthesis of ZP1-3 are gender-specific. Nascent ZP1-3 are synthesized by oocytes as precursor polypeptides that possess several elements necessary for their secretion and assembly into a matrix of long fibrils outside of growing oocytes. Failure to synthesize either ZP2 or ZP3 by homozygous null female mice precludes formation of a ZP during oocyte growth and, due to faulty folliculogenesis and a paucity of ovulated eggs, results in infertility. High-resolution structural analyses suggest that ZP glycoproteins consist largely of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like folds and that the glycoproteins probably arose by duplication of a common Ig-like domain. Mouse ZP1-3 share many features, particularly a ZP domain, with extracellular coat glycoproteins of eggs from other vertebrate and invertebrate animals whose origins date back more than 600 million years. These and other aspects of ZP biogenesis are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Wassarman
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA.
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Bourin M, Gautron J, Berges M, Hennequet-Antier C, Cabau C, Nys Y, Réhault-Godbert S. Transcriptomic profiling of proteases and antiproteases in the liver of sexually mature hens in relation to vitellogenesis. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:457. [PMID: 22950364 PMCID: PMC3495648 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most egg yolk precursors are synthesized by the liver, secreted into the blood and transferred into oocytes, to provide nutrients and bioactive molecules for the avian embryo. Three hundred and sixteen distinct proteins have been identified in egg yolk. These include 37 proteases and antiproteases, which are likely to play a role in the formation of the yolk (vitellogenesis), as regulators of protein metabolism. We used a transcriptomic approach to define the protease and antiprotease genes specifically expressed in the hen liver in relation to vitellogenesis by comparing sexually mature and pre-laying chickens showing different steroid milieu. Results Using a 20 K chicken oligoarray, a total of 582 genes were shown to be over-expressed in the liver of sexually mature hens (1.2 to 67 fold-differences). Eight of the top ten over-expressed genes are known components of the egg yolk or perivitelline membrane. This list of 582 genes contains 12 proteases and 3 antiproteases. We found that “uncharacterized protein LOC419301/similar to porin” (GeneID:419301), an antiprotease and “cathepsin E-A-like/similar to nothepsin” (GeneID:417848), a protease, were the only over-expressed candidates (21-fold and 35-fold difference, respectively) that are present in the egg yolk. Additionally, we showed the 4-fold over-expression of “ovochymase-2/similar to oviductin” (GeneID:769290), a vitelline membrane-specific protease. Conclusions Our approach revealed that three proteases and antiproteases are likely to participate in the formation of the yolk. The role of the other 12 proteases and antiproteases which are over-expressed in our model remains unclear. At least 1/3 of proteases and antiproteases identified in egg yolk and vitelline membrane proteomes are expressed similarly in the liver regardless of the maturity of hens, and have been initially identified as regulators of haemostasis and inflammatory events. The lack of effect of sex steroids on these genes expressed in the liver but the products of which are found in the yolk suggests that these may be passively incorporated into the yolk rather than actively produced for that purpose. These results raise the question of the biological significance of egg yolk proteases and antiproteases, and more generally of all minor proteins that have been identified in egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bourin
- INRA, SIGENAE, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, 37380, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Okumura H, Fukushima H, Momoda M, Ima Y, Matsuda T, Ujita M. Diverse lectin-binding specificity of four ZP3 glycoprotein isoforms with a discrete isoelectric point in chicken egg coat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:586-92. [PMID: 22776203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate egg coat corresponding to mammalian zona pellucida is a filamentous matrix composed of highly and heterogeneously glycosylated proteins designated ZP glycoproteins including ZP1 to 4, ZPD and ZPAX, and play important roles in species-specific egg-sperm interactions. Recent advance in structural biology of chicken ZP3 provided new insights into molecular mechanisms of the egg-coat function involving its carbohydrate moieties. In this study, chicken ZP3 was separated into four major and distinct isoforms with different pI in 2D-PAGE. To investigate the meanings of the ZP3 heterogeneity in egg-sperm interactions, we preliminary analyzed glycan diversity on the molecules by using lectin-staining assays. The four major ZP3 isoforms 4-7 (from acidic to basic) were recognized equally with PNA (Galβ1-3GalNAc), but the isoforms 5-7 were recognized dominantly with WGA ((β-GlcNAc)n, clustered Sia), PHA-E (bi- and triantennary N-glycan containing Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2Manα1-6) and RCA I (terminal Galβ1-4GlcNAc), respectively. Despite such sugar chain diversity among the ZP3 isoforms, a partner in the egg coat, ZP1, showed specific binding to each isoform equally. Localization of ZP1 and ZP3 in the egg-coat matrix were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Okumura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
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Stetson I, Izquierdo-Rico MJ, Moros C, Chevret P, Lorenzo PL, Ballesta J, Rebollar PG, Gutiérrez-Gallego R, Avilés M. Rabbit zona pellucida composition: a molecular, proteomic and phylogenetic approach. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5920-35. [PMID: 22842159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The zona pellucida (ZP) participates in sperm-egg interactions during the first steps of fertilization. Recent studies have shown that the ZP matrix of oocytes in several species is composed of four glycoproteins, designated as ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4, rather than the three described in mouse, pig and cow. In this study, investigations were carried out to unveil a fourth glycoprotein in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) ZP. Using total RNA isolated from rabbit ovaries, the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) encoding rabbit ZP1 was amplified by reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The ZP1 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1825 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 608 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of rabbit ZP1 showed high identity with other species: 70% identity with human and horse ZP1, and 67% identity with mouse and rat ZP1. At the proteomic level, peptides corresponding to the four proteins were detected by mass spectrometry. In addition, a molecular phylogenetic analysis of ZP1 showed that pseudogenization of this gene has occurred at least four times during the evolution of mammals. The data presented in this manuscript provide evidence, for the first time, that the rabbit ZP is composed of four glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stetson
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Wu T, Wang H, Qin F, Liu S, Li M, Xu P, Wang Z. Expression of zona pellucida B proteins in juvenile rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol, 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:259-68. [PMID: 21946248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Zona pellucida (ZP) containing proteins are glycoproteins in teleost chorion and are encoded by several gene subfamilies, mainly including ZPA, ZPB, ZPC and ZPX genes. In teleost species, ZP genes are expressed either in liver under regulation of estrogen or in ovary. In the present study, five ZP gene isoforms were isolated and characterized in Gobiocypris rarus. The putative amino acid sequences of these ZP gene isoforms contain the typical trefoil motif and a ZP domain. These five G. rarus ZP gene isoforms were named as grZPB.1, grZPB.2, grZPB.3, grZPB.4 and grZPB.5. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated that all these ZP mRNA isoforms were exclusively expressed in ovary. G. rarus juveniles at the age of 21 days postfertilization were exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2; 0.01, 0.1 and 1 nM), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP; 10, 100 and 1000 nM) or bisphenol A (BPA; 0.1, 1 and 10nM) for 3 days. mRNA expressions of ZPB isoforms following the exposure to xenoestrogen were detected by RT-qPCR. Data were analyzed by the 2(-△△Cq) method. The results indicate that induction by 0.1-1nM EE2 on mRNA expression of the grZPB isoforms is weaker than for vitellogenin. 4-NP exposures at three concentrations had differential effects on the grZPBs. BPA at three concentrations weakly induced mRNA expression of the grZPB isoforms.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Benzhydryl Compounds
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cyprinidae/embryology
- Cyprinidae/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Egg Proteins/classification
- Egg Proteins/genetics
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Estrogens/toxicity
- Ethinyl Estradiol/toxicity
- Female
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/classification
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Ovary/drug effects
- Ovary/embryology
- Ovary/metabolism
- Phenols/toxicity
- Phylogeny
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/classification
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Xenobiotics/toxicity
- Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Cellular origin of the Bufo arenarum sperm receptor gp75, a ZP2 family member: its proteolysis after fertilization. Biol Cell 2012; 100:219-30. [DOI: 10.1042/bc20070052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Sano K, Kawaguchi M, Yoshikawa M, Kaneko T, Tanaka T, Iuchi I, Yasumasu S. Hatching enzyme of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica and the possible evolution of the egg envelope digestion mechanism. FEBS J 2011; 278:3711-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Chuang-Ju L, Qi-Wei W, Xi-Hua C, Li Z, Hong C, Fang G, Jian-Fang G. Molecular characterization and expression pattern of three zona pellucida 3 genes in the Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 37:471-484. [PMID: 21072685 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is a rare and endangered species and also an important resource for the sturgeon aquaculture industry. SMART cDNAs were synthesized from the ovary of A. sinensis, and the full-length cDNAs of three zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 genes (the new gene named AsZP3) were cloned and sequenced. AsZP3.1, AsZP3.2, and AsZP3.3 were 1,388 base pairs (bp), 1,288, and 1,290 bp in length, respectively, and they could be translated into proteins with 440, 394, and 398 amino acids, respectively. High level of amino acids sequence identity was seen between AsZP3.2 and AsZP3.3 (about 82%), but they share low identity with AsZP3.1 (26 and 23%, respectively). The AsZP3.1 has 42-50% amino acids sequence identity values with other fish and lower values with higher vertebrates (38%); AsZP3.2 and AsZP3.3 shared about 30-44% sequence identity with higher vertebrates and other fish. RT-PCR analysis indicated that AsZP3.1 displayed a wide tissue distribution at the mRNA levels including liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and ovary, but AsZP3.2 and AsZP3.3 mRNAs were expressed exclusively in the gonad. All three AsZP3 mRNAs were not detected during embryogenesis and early larval development; furthermore, they were not detected in the gonads of 1- and 2-year-old Chinese sturgeons. All three AsZP3 mRNAs were detected in the testes of 3-year-old males and in the ovaries of 4- and 5-year-old female Chinese sturgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chuang-Ju
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Jingzhou 434000, China
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GAO J, YUAN F, TANG X, HAN H, SHA J, YUAN J, SHAO Y, JIN X, LIU H, RUI L, LI Z. Contribution of blastoderm cells to Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)-Peking duck (Anas platyrhynchos) chimeras. Anim Sci J 2011; 82:729-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Monné M, Jovine L. A structural view of egg coat architecture and function in fertilization. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:661-9. [PMID: 21715714 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.092098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-restricted interaction between gametes at the beginning of fertilization is mediated by the extracellular coat of the egg, a matrix of cross-linked glycoprotein filaments called the zona pellucida (ZP) in mammals and the vitelline envelope in nonmammals. All egg coat subunits contain a conserved protein-protein interaction module-the "ZP domain"-that allows them to polymerize upon dissociation of a C-terminal propeptide containing an external hydrophobic patch (EHP). Recently, the first crystal structures of a ZP domain protein, sperm receptor ZP subunit zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3), have been reported, giving a glimpse of the structural organization of the ZP at the atomic level and the molecular basis of gamete recognition in vertebrates. The ZP module is divided in two related immunoglobulin-like domains, ZP-N and ZP-C, that contain characteristic disulfide bond patterns and, in the case of ZP-C, also incorporate the EHP. This segment lies at the interface between the two domains, which are connected by a long loop carrying a conserved O-glycan important for binding to sperm in vitro. The structures explain several apparently contradictory observations by reconciling the variable disulfide bond patterns found in different homologues of ZP3 as well as the multiple ZP3 determinants alternatively involved in gamete interaction. These findings have implications for our understanding of ZP subunit biogenesis; egg coat assembly, architecture, and interaction with sperm; structural rearrangements leading to postfertilization hardening of the ZP and the block to sperm binding; and the evolutionary origin of egg coats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition and Center for Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Sano K, Kawaguchi M, Yoshikawa M, Iuchi I, Yasumasu S. Evolution of the teleostean zona pellucida gene inferred from the egg envelope protein genes of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. FEBS J 2010; 277:4674-84. [PMID: 20977667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A fish egg envelope is composed of several glycoproteins, called zona pellucida (ZP) proteins, which are conserved among vertebrate species. Euteleost fishes synthesize ZP proteins in the liver, while otocephalans synthesize them in the growing oocyte. We investigated ZP proteins of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, belonging to Elopomorpha, which diverged earlier than Euteleostei and Otocephala. Five major components of the egg envelope were purified and their partial amino acid sequences were determined by sequencing. cDNA cloning revealed that the eel egg envelope was composed of four ZPC homologues and one ZPB homologue. Four of the five eel ZP (eZP) proteins possessed a transmembrane domain, which is not found in the ZP proteins of Euteleostei and Otocephala that diverged later, but is found in most other vertebrate ZP proteins. This result suggests that fish ZP proteins originally possessed a transmembrane domain and lost it during evolution. Northern blotting and RT-PCR revealed that all of the eZP transcripts were present in the ovary, but not in the liver. Phylogenetic analyses of fish zp genes showed that ezps formed a group with other fish zp genes that are expressed in the ovary, and which are distinct from the group of genes expressed in the liver. Our results support the hypothesis that fish ZP proteins were originally synthesized in the ovary, and then the site of synthesis was switched to the liver during the evolutionary pathway to Euteleostei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sano
- Graduate Program of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ganguly A, Bukovsky A, Sharma RK, Bansal P, Bhandari B, Gupta SK. In humans, zona pellucida glycoprotein-1 binds to spermatozoa and induces acrosomal exocytosis. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1643-56. [PMID: 20504872 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that the zona pellucida (ZP) may mediate species-specific fertilization. In human the ZP is composed of four glycoproteins: ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4. In the present study, the expression profile of ZP1 in human oocytes and ovaries, and its role during fertilization, is presented. METHODS Human ZP1 (amino acid residues 26-551) was cloned and expressed in both non-glycosylated and glycosylated forms and its ability to bind to the capacitated human spermatozoa and to induce acrosomal exocytosis was studied. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), specific for human ZP1 and devoid of reactivity with ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4 were generated and used to localize native ZP1 in oocytes and ovarian tissues. RESULTS The MAbs generated against ZP1 recognized specifically the zona matrix of secondary and antral follicles, ovulated oocytes, atretic follicles and degenerating intravascular oocytes, but failed to react with the Fallopian tube, endometrium, ectocervix and kidney. Escherichia coli and baculovirus-expressed recombinant human ZP1 revealed bands of approximately 75 and approximately 85 kDa, respectively, in western blot. Lectin binding studies revealed the presence of both N- and O-linked glycosylation in baculovirus-expressed ZP1. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled E. coli- and baculovirus-expressed recombinant ZP1 bound to the anterior head of capacitated spermatozoa, however, only baculovirus-expressed ZP1 induced acrosomal exocytosis in capacitated sperm suggesting the importance of glycosylation in mediating the acrosome reaction. The human ZP1-mediated acrosome reaction involved the activation of both T- and L-type voltage-operated calcium channels, but does not activate the G(i)-coupled receptor pathway. Inhibition of protein kinase A and C significantly also reduced the ZP1-mediated induction of the acrosome reaction. CONCLUSION These studies revealed for the first time that in humans ZP1, in addition to ZP3 and ZP4, binds to capacitated spermatozoa and induces acrosomal exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasua Ganguly
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Prisco M, Del Giudice G, Agnese M, Ricchiari L, Campanella C, Andreuccetti P. Organization of the vitelline envelope in ovarian follicles ofTorpedo marmorataRisso, 1810 (Elasmobranchii: Torpediniformes). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2009; 312:714-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schneider WJ. Receptor-mediated mechanisms in ovarian follicle and oocyte development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 163:18-23. [PMID: 19523388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The normal development of the chicken oocyte within the ovarian follicle depends on the coordinated expression and function of several members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. The human low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is the prototype of the gene family; since its discovery and the elucidation of the medical significance of mutations in the ldlr gene, many additional family members have been discovered and characterized, and some important advances have resulted from studies in the chicken. I describe the analogies as well as the differences that exist between the molecular genetics of the mammalian and avian members of this important gene family, with emphasis on receptor-mediated oocyte growth. Recent progress in the molecular characterization of the chicken genes whose products mediate oocyte growth, follicle development, and accessory pathways is described in detail, and emerging information of preliminary nature is included. As the availability of chicken genome sequence data has enhanced the rate of progress in the field, our understanding of the physiological roles of members of this receptor family in general has already gained from studies in the avian model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang J Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/2, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Bongalhardo D, Flores A, Severo V, Gonzalez V, Miranda R, Corcini C, Curcio B, Costa S, Deschamps J. Vitrification of the inner perivitelline layer of chicken eggs for use in the sperm-egg interaction assay. Theriogenology 2009; 72:198-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Xu Y, Lei Y, Liu Q, Liu Y, Liu S, Cheng H, Deng F. Cloning, characterization and expression ofzvep, a novel vitelline envelope-specific gene in the zebrafish ovary. Mol Reprod Dev 2009; 76:593-600. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Izquierdo-Rico MJ, Jimenez-Movilla M, Llop E, Perez-Oliva AB, Ballesta J, Gutierrez-Gallego R, Jimenez-Cervantes C, Aviles M. Hamster zona pellucida is formed by four glycoproteins: ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:926-41. [PMID: 19159282 DOI: 10.1021/pr800568x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular glycoprotein matrix that surrounds all mammalian oocytes. Recent data have shown the presence of four glycoproteins (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4) in the ZP of human and rat rather than the three glycoproteins proposed in the mouse model. In the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), it was previously described that ZP was composed of three different glycoproteins, called ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3, even though only ZP2 and ZP3 have been cloned thus far. The aim of the study was to determine whether hamster might also express four, rather than three, ZP proteins. The full-length cDNAs encoding hamster ZP glycoproteins 1 and 4 were isolated using rapid amplification cDNA ends (RACE). The cDNA of ZP1 contains an open reading frame of 1851 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 616 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence of ZP1 revealed a high homology with other mammalian species like human (66%), rat (80%), and mouse (80%). The cDNA of ZP4 contains an open reading frame of 1632 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 543 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of ZP4 revealed high overall homology with rat (82%) and human (78%). Subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of the hamster ZP allowed identification of peptides from all four glycoproteins. The data presented in this study provide evidence, for the first time, that the hamster ZP matrix is composed of four glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Izquierdo-Rico
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
The avian vitelline membrane (VM) is a multilayered proteinaceous structure separating egg white from yolk. The innermost layer of the VM, deposited onto the oocyte plasma membrane in the ovary, corresponds to the mammalian zona pellucida (ZP). The outer layer is produced in the infundibulum, the first section of the oviduct. Using high-throughput, high-end LC-MS(n) 137 proteins were identified, only 13 of which were known previously to be components of the VM. Depending on the washing protocol, two largely overlapping, but not identical, sets of identified proteins were produced from water-washed and salt-washed VMs. Most of the components of the VM were known previously from other egg compartments, such as, for instance, the egg white proteins lysozyme C, ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, and ovomucin. Specific components of the VM not identified previously in other egg compartments included eight ZP proteins, oviductin protease, and two ATPases. The vitelline outer membrane protein (VMO) VMO II was identified as beta-defensin-11. The list of VM proteins presented in this report is by far the most comprehensive dataset available at present and complements proteomic analyses of chicken egg compartments published previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlheinz Mann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Proteomics und Signaltransduktion, Martinsried, Germany.
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47
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Benson AP, Christensen VL, Fairchild BD, Davis AJ. The mRNA for zona pellucida proteins B1, C and D in two genetic lines of turkey hens that differ in fertility. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 111:149-59. [PMID: 18372124 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The avian inner perivitelline layer (IPVL) contains zona pellucida protein-B1 (ZPB1), zona pellucida protein-C (ZPC) and zona pellucida protein-D (ZPD). These three proteins may be involved in sperm binding to the IPVL. ZPB1 is produced by the liver and transported to the developing preovulatory follicle, while ZPC and ZPD are synthesized and secreted by the granulosa cells of the preovulatory follicle. The mRNA of ZPB1, ZPC, and ZPD was investigated in two lines of turkey hens selected for over 40 generations for either increased egg production (E line) or increased body weight (F line). Total RNA was extracted from the liver and from 1cm(2) sections of the granulosa layer around the germinal disc and a nongerminal disc area of the F(1) and F(2) follicles of hens from each genetic line. Northern analysis was performed using chicken cDNA probes for all three ZP proteins. Hepatic mRNA for ZPB1 was greater (P<0.05) in turkey hens from the E line than the F line. Although, there was no difference in ZPC mRNA between the germinal disc and nongerminal disc region of the two largest follicles in E line hens, ZPC mRNA was greater in the nongerminal disc region compared to the germinal disc region in the two largest follicles obtained from the F line hens. There were no differences in ZPD mRNA between the germinal disc and nongerminal disc regions of the F(1) and F(2) follicles for either genetic line. The results suggest that the greater rates of fertility previously observed in eggs from the E line hens compared with the F line of hens may be related to differential amounts of the potential sperm binding proteins ZPB1 and ZPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Benson
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602-2772, USA
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SASANAMI T, OHTSUKI M, DOI Y, TANAKA R, FUJISHIMA A, MORI M. Analysis of 46-kDa protein in the perivitelline membrane of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Anim Sci J 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2007.00504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Duckworth JA, Cui X, Scobie S, Arrow J, Cowan PE. Development of a contraceptive vaccine for the marsupial brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula): lack of effects in mice and chickens immunised with recombinant possum ZP3 protein and a possum ZP3 antifertility epitope. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/wr07139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zona pellucida fertility-control vaccines are being developed in New Zealand to control an introduced marsupial pest, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). In this study recombinant possum ZP3 protein (rZP3) and a possum ZP3 peptide (amino acids 334–361) (both known to block fertility in possums) were examined for their potential to induce species-specific, or at least marsupial-specific, infertility. Laboratory mice (a ‘model’ eutherian mammal species) and domestic chickens (a ‘model’ bird species) immunised with possum rZP3 or possum-infertility ZP3 peptide in Freund’s adjuvants showed no reduction in a range of parameters indicative of reproductive performance. The lack of contraceptive effects on mouse and chicken fertility is an encouraging result in terms of rZP3 and ZP3 peptide specificity, and these promising antigens are to be expressed in a bacterial ghost vaccine system for mucosal delivery to possums and the effects on possum fertility evaluated. Ultimately, a much wider range of non-target species will need to be screened and tested once the antigens have been successfully formulated in their final delivery vehicle.
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