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Wong D, Bellyou M, Li A, Prado MAM, Beauchet O, Annweiler C, Montero-Odasso M, Bartha R. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the hippocampus of adult APP/PS1 mice following chronic vitamin D deficiency. Behav Brain Res 2024; 457:114713. [PMID: 37838248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency can exacerbate AD progression and may cause changes in brain metabolite levels that can be detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic VitD deficiency in an AD mouse model caused persistent metabolite levels changes in the hippocampus associated with memory performance. Six-month-old APPSwe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice (N = 14 mice/group) were fed either a VitD deficient (VitD-) diet or a control diet. Metabolite level changes in the hippocampus were evaluated by 1H MRS using a 9.4 T MRI. Ventricle volume was assessed by imaging and spatial memory was evaluated using the Barnes maze. All measurements were made at 6, 9, 12, and 15 months of age. At 15 months of age, amyloid plaque load and astrocyte number were evaluated histologically (N = 4 mice/group). Levels of N-acetyl aspartate and creatine were lower in VitD- mice compared to control diet mice at 12 months of age. VitD deficiency did not change ventricle volume. Lactate levels increased over time in VitD- mice and increases from 12 to 15 months were negatively correlated with changes in primary latency to the target hole in the Barns Maze. VitD- mice showed improved spatial memory performance compared to control diet mice. VitD- mice also had more astrocytes in the cortex and hippocampus at 15 months than control diet mice. This study suggests that severe VitD deficiency in APP/PS1 mice may lead to compensatory changes in metabolite and astrocyte levels that contribute to improved performance on spatial memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Wong
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Miranda Bellyou
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Li
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Parkwood Hospital, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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2
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Joshi M, Joshi S, Khambete M, Degani M. Role of calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease and its therapeutic implications. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:453-468. [PMID: 36373976 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) coupled with the lack of therapeutics to address the underlying pathology of the disease has necessitated the need for exploring newer targets. Calcium dysregulation represents a relatively newer target associated with AD. Ca+2 serves as an important cellular messenger in neurons. The concentration of the Ca+2 ion needs to be regulated at optimal concentrations intracellularly for normal functioning of the neurons. This is achieved with the help of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and neuronal plasma membrane channel proteins. Disruption in normal calcium homeostasis can induce formation of amyloid beta plaques, accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, and dysfunction of synaptic plasticity, which in turn can affect calcium homeostasis further, thus forming a vicious cycle. Hence, understanding calcium dysregulation can prove to be a key to develop newer therapeutics. This review provides detailed account of physiology of calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation associated with AD. Further, with an understanding of various receptors and organelles involved in these pathways, the review also discusses various calcium channel blockers explored in AD hand in hand with some multitarget molecules addressing calcium as one of the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maithili Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Siddhi Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Mihir Khambete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Mariam Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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3
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Khezri MR, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. The Role of Caspases in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathophysiology Implications and Pharmacologic Modulation. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:71-90. [PMID: 36442198 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Although the main cause of the onset and development of AD is not known yet, neuronal death due to pathologic changes such as amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and calcium dyshomeostasis are considered to be the main cause. At the present, there is no cure for this insidious disorder. However, accurate identification of molecular changes in AD can help provide new therapeutic goals. Caspases are a group of proteases which are known because of their role in cellular apoptosis. In addition, different caspases are involved in other cellular responses to the environment, such as induction of inflammation. Emerging evidence suggest that these proteases play a central role in AD pathophysiology due to their role in the processing of amyloid-β protein precursor, tau cleavage, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, it seems that targeting caspases may be a suitable therapeutic option to slow the progression of AD. This review focuses on the role of caspases in AD pathophysiology and introduce results from studies targeted caspases in different models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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4
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Cheng K, Huang C, Hsieh T, Chiang H. Disrupted cellular calcium homeostasis is responsible for Aβ‐induced learning and memory damage and lifespan shortening in a model of Aβ transgenic fly. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:754-762. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan‐Chung Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine National Cheng‐Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine National Cheng‐Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Yuan Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia‐Yi Christian Hospital Chiayi Taiwan
- Department of Sport Management, College of Recreation and Health Management Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan Taiwan
| | - Tsung‐Chi Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine National Cheng‐Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine National Cheng‐Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Brain Research Center National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu City Taiwan
| | - Hsueh‐Cheng Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine National Cheng‐Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine National Cheng‐Kung University Tainan Taiwan
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5
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Guan PP, Cao LL, Yang Y, Wang P. Calcium Ions Aggravate Alzheimer's Disease Through the Aberrant Activation of Neuronal Networks, Leading to Synaptic and Cognitive Deficits. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:757515. [PMID: 34924952 PMCID: PMC8674839 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.757515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the production and deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, leading to the formation of β-amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although calcium ions (Ca2+) promote the formation of APs and NFTs, no systematic review of the mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the development and progression of AD has been published. Therefore, the current review aimed to fill the gaps between elevated Ca2+ levels and the pathogenesis of AD. Specifically, we mainly focus on the molecular mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the neuronal networks of neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, neurogenesis, neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, and autophagy. Furthermore, the roles of Ca2+ transporters located in the cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and lysosome in mediating the effects of Ca2+ on activating neuronal networks that ultimately contribute to the development and progression of AD are discussed. Finally, the drug candidates derived from herbs used as food or seasoning in Chinese daily life are summarized to provide a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Elevating the Levels of Calcium Ions Exacerbate Alzheimer's Disease via Inducing the Production and Aggregation of β-Amyloid Protein and Phosphorylated Tau. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115900. [PMID: 34072743 PMCID: PMC8198078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a high incidence rate. The main pathological features of AD are β-amyloid plaques (APs), which are formed by β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are formed by the excessive phosphorylation of the tau protein. Although a series of studies have shown that the accumulation of metal ions, including calcium ions (Ca2+), can promote the formation of APs and NFTs, there is no systematic review of the mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the development and progression of AD. In view of this, the current review summarizes the mechanisms by which Ca2+ is transported into and out of cells and organelles, such as the cell, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes to affect the balance of intracellular Ca2+ levels. In addition, dyshomeostasis of Ca2+ plays an important role in modulating the pathogenesis of AD by influencing the production and aggregation of Aβ peptides and tau protein phosphorylation and the ways that disrupting the metabolic balance of Ca2+ can affect the learning ability and memory of people with AD. In addition, the effects of these mechanisms on the synaptic plasticity are also discussed. Finally, the molecular network through which Ca2+ regulates the pathogenesis of AD is introduced, providing a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of AD.
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7
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Hector A, Brouillette J. Hyperactivity Induced by Soluble Amyloid-β Oligomers in the Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:600084. [PMID: 33488358 PMCID: PMC7817907 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.600084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble amyloid-beta oligomers (Aβo) start to accumulate in the human brain one to two decades before any clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are implicated in synapse loss, one of the best predictors of memory decline that characterize the illness. Cognitive impairment in AD was traditionally thought to result from a reduction in synaptic activity which ultimately induces neurodegeneration. More recent evidence indicates that in the early stages of AD synaptic failure is, at least partly, induced by neuronal hyperactivity rather than hypoactivity. Here, we review the growing body of evidence supporting the implication of soluble Aβo on the induction of neuronal hyperactivity in AD animal models, in vitro, and in humans. We then discuss the impact of Aβo-induced hyperactivity on memory performance, cell death, epileptiform activity, gamma oscillations, and slow wave activity. We provide an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are emerging to explain how Aβo induce neuronal hyperactivity. We conclude by providing an outlook on the impact of hyperactivity for the development of disease-modifying interventions at the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Hector
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal Research Center, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal Research Center, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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8
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Ahmad F, Liu P. Synaptosome as a tool in Alzheimer's disease research. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147009. [PMID: 32659233 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Synapse dysfunction is an integral feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. In fact, prodromal manifestation of structural and functional deficits in synapses much prior to appearance of overt pathological hallmarks of the disease indicates that AD might be considered as a degenerative disorder of the synapses. Several research instruments and techniques have allowed us to study synaptic function and plasticity and their alterations in pathological conditions, such as AD. One such tool is the biochemically isolated preparations of detached and resealed synaptic terminals, the "synaptosomes". Because of the preservation of many of the physiological processes such as metabolic and enzymatic activities, synaptosomes have proved to be an indispensable ex vivo model system to study synapse physiology both when isolated from fresh or cryopreserved tissues, and from animal or human post-mortem tissues. This model system has been tremendously successful in the case of post-mortem tissues because of their accessibility relative to acute brain slices or cultures. The current review details the use of synaptosomes in AD research and its potential as a valuable tool in furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis and in devising and testing of therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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9
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Biophysical Basis of Alpha Rhythm Disruption in Alzheimer's Disease. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0293-19.2020. [PMID: 32165411 PMCID: PMC7218006 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0293-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Occipital alpha is a prominent rhythm (∼10 Hz) detected in electroencephalography (EEG) during wakeful relaxation with closed eyes. The rhythm is generated by a subclass of thalamic pacemaker cells that burst at the alpha frequency, orchestrated by the interplay of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN) and calcium channels in response to elevated levels of ambient acetylcholine (ACh). These oscillations are known to have a lower peak frequency and coherence in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Interestingly, calcium signaling, HCN channel expression and ACh signaling, crucial for orchestrating the alpha rhythm, are also known to be aberrational in AD. In a biophysically detailed network model of the thalamic circuit, we investigate the changes in molecular signaling and the causal relationships between them that lead to a disrupted thalamic alpha in AD. Our simulations show that lowered HCN expression leads to a slower thalamic alpha, which can be rescued by increasing ACh levels, a common therapeutic target of AD drugs. However, this rescue is possible only over a limited range of reduced HCN expression. The model predicts that lowered HCN expression can modify the network activity in the thalamic circuit leading to increased GABA release in the thalamus and disrupt the calcium homeostasis. The changes in calcium signaling make the network more susceptible to noise, causing a loss in rhythmic activity. Based on our results, we propose that reduced frequency and coherence of the occipital alpha rhythm seen in AD may result from downregulated HCN expression, rather than modified cholinergic signaling.
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10
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Wang Y, Tang H, Yang C, Zhao H, Jian C. Involvement of p75NTR in the effects of Aβ on L-type Ca2+ channel in cultured neuronal networks. Life Sci 2020; 243:117293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Gao Q, Wu G, Lai KWC. Cholesterol Modulates the Formation of the Aβ Ion Channel in Lipid Bilayers. Biochemistry 2020; 59:992-998. [PMID: 31914730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The misfolding of amyloid beta (Aβ) is one of the predominant hallmarks in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we showed that the formation of the Aβ ion channel on the membrane depended on the cholesterol concentration. From a mechanical aspect, we found that cholesterol levels affected the stability and assembly of lipid bilayers. Measurements on planar lipid bilayers indicated that a small amount of cholesterol interacted with Aβ proteins and promoted the insertion process. Conversely, high cholesterol integrated the lipid bilayer and exerted an opposite effect on Aβ insertion. The Aβ ion channel was then detected by graphene-based field-effect transistors. Results demonstrated that the Aβ ion channel promoted a Ca2+ flux in the presence of 15% cholesterol but prevented a Ca2+ flux in high cholesterol. Thus, cholesterol had a complex impact on the Aβ ion channel that can be described as two different effects. First, a small amount of cholesterol interacted with Aβ and facilitated the Aβ ion channel formation in the membrane. Second, a large amount of cholesterol did not induce the ion flux in the membrane, which can be explained by the cholesterol damage to the regular distribution of the lipid bilayer. Overall, this study suggested a possible approach to consider cholesterol levels for the treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Robotics and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Guangfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Robotics and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - King Wai Chiu Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Robotics and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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12
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Wang X, Zheng W. Ca 2+ homeostasis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on plasma membrane and cell organelles. FASEB J 2019; 33:6697-6712. [PMID: 30848934 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801751r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that Ca2+ is a vital factor in modulating the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In healthy neurons, Ca2+ concentration is balanced to maintain a lower level in the cytosol than in the extracellular space or certain intracellular compartments such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the lysosome, whereas this homeostasis is broken in AD. On the plasma membrane, the AD hallmarks amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau interact with ligand-gated or voltage-gated Ca2+-influx channels and inhibit the Ca2+-efflux ATPase or exchangers, leading to an elevated intracellular Ca2+ level and disrupted Ca2+ signal. In the ER, the disabled presenilin "Ca2+ leak" function and the direct implications of Aβ and presenilin mutants contribute to Ca2+-signal disorder. The enhanced ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated Ca2+ release from the ER aggravates cytosolic Ca2+ disorder and triggers apoptosis; the down-regulated ER Ca2+ sensor, stromal interaction molecule (STIM), alleviates store-operated Ca2+ entry in plasma membrane, leading to spine loss. The increased transfer of Ca2+ from ER to mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) causes Ca2+ overload in the mitochondrial matrix and consequently opens the cellular damage-related channel, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In this review, we discuss the effects of Aβ, tau and presenilin on neuronal Ca2+ signal, focusing on the receptors and regulators in plasma membrane and ER; we briefly introduce the involvement of MAM-mediated Ca2+ transfer and mPTP opening in AD pathogenesis.-Wang, X., Zheng, W. Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on plasma membrane and cell organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Morris C, Cupples S, Kent TW, Elbassal EA, Wojcikiewicz EP, Yi P, Du D. N-Terminal Charged Residues of Amyloid-β Peptide Modulate Amyloidogenesis and Interaction with Lipid Membrane. Chemistry 2018; 24:9494-9498. [PMID: 29738067 PMCID: PMC6035087 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and cellular membranes are proposed to be closely related with Aβ neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of the N-terminal hydrophilic region of Aβ40 on its amyloidogenesis and interaction with supported phospholipid bilayer. Our results show that modulation of the charge properties of the dynamic N-terminal region dramatically influences the aggregation properties of Aβ. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the N-terminal charged residues play a crucial role in driving the early adsorption and latter remobilization of the peptide on membrane bilayer, and mediating the rigidity and viscoelasticity properties of the bound Aβ40 at the membrane interface. The results provide new mechanistic insight into the early Aβ-membrane interactions and binding, which may be critical for elucidating membrane-mediated Aβ amyloidogenesis in a physiological environment and unravelling the origin of Aβ neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Shirin Cupples
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Thomas W Kent
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Esmail A Elbassal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Ewa P Wojcikiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Peng Yi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Deguo Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
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14
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Ge X, Sun Y, Ding F. Structures and dynamics of β-barrel oligomer intermediates of amyloid-beta16-22 aggregation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1687-1697. [PMID: 29550287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that soluble oligomers are more toxic than final fibrils of amyloid aggregations. Among the mixture of inter-converting intermediates with continuous distribution of sizes and secondary structures, oligomers in the β-barrel conformation - a common class of protein folds with a closed β-sheet - have been postulated as the toxic species with well-defined three-dimensional structures to perform pathological functions. A common mechanism for amyloid toxicity, therefore, implies that all amyloid peptides should be able to form β-barrel oligomers as the aggregation intermediates. Here, we applied all-atom discrete molecular dynamics (DMD) simulations to evaluate the formation of β-barrel oligomers and characterize their structures and dynamics in the aggregation of a seven-residue amyloid peptide, corresponding to the amyloid core of amyloid-β with a sequence of 16KLVFFAE22 (Aβ16-22). We carried out aggregation simulations with various numbers of peptides to study the size dependence of aggregation dynamics and assembly structures. Consistent with previous computational studies, we observed the formation of β-barrel oligomers in all-atom DMD simulations. Using a network-based approach to automatically identify β-barrel conformations, we systematically characterized β-barrels of various sizes. Our simulations revealed the conformational inter-conversion between β-barrels and double-layer β-sheets due to increased structural strains upon forming a closed β-barrel while maximizing backbone hydrogen bonds. The potential of mean force analysis further characterized the free energy barriers between these two states. The obtained structural and dynamic insights of β-barrel oligomers may help better understand the molecular mechanism of oligomer toxicities and design novel therapeutics targeting the toxic β-barrel oligomers. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Aggregation and Misfolding at the Cell Membrane Interface edited by Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Yunxiang Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
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15
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Ovsepian SV, O'Leary VB, Zaborszky L, Ntziachristos V, Dolly JO. Synaptic vesicle cycle and amyloid β: Biting the hand that feeds. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:502-513. [PMID: 29494806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The synaptic vesicle cycle (SVC) holds center stage in the biology of presynaptic terminals. Through recurrent exocytosis and endocytosis, it facilitates a sequence of events enabling chemical neurotransmission between functionally related neurons. As a fundamental process that links the interior of nerve cells with their environment, the SVC is also critical for signaling and provides an entry route for a range of pathogens and toxins, enabling detrimental effects. In Alzheimer's disease, the SVC is both the prime site of amyloid β production and toxicity. In this study, we discuss the emerging evidence for physiological and pathological effects of Aβ on various stages of the SVC, from postfusion membrane recovery to trafficking, docking, and priming of vesicles for fusion and transmitter release. Understanding of the mechanisms of Aβ interaction with the SVC within the unifying calcium hypothesis of aging and Alzheimer's disease should further elucidate the fundamental biology of the presynaptic terminal and reveal novel therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease and other age-related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saak V Ovsepian
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Valerie B O'Leary
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laszlo Zaborszky
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Oliver Dolly
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Decrease of high voltage Ca 2+ currents in the dentate gyrus granule cells by entorhinal amyloidopathy is reversed by calcium channel blockade. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 794:154-161. [PMID: 27889432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the Alzheimer's disease (AD), entorhinal-hippocampal circuit is one of the earliest affected networks. There are some evidences indicating abnormal neuronal excitability and impaired synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of AD animal model. However, the underlying mechanism leading to DG dysfunction particularly in the early phase of AD is not known. Since calcium dyshomeostasis has a critical role in the etiology of AD, it is possible that this phenomenon precedes electrophysiological alteration in the DG. Here, the effect of the amyloid pathogenesis in the entorhinal cortex (EC) on high activated Ca2+ currents in the DG granule cells was investigated. One week after bilaterally injection of amyloid beta (Aβ) 1-42 into the EC, Ca2+ currents in the DG granule cells were assessed by whole cell patch clamp. Voltage clamp recording showed the amplitude of high voltage calcium currents in the DG granule cells was decreased following EC amyloidopathy. However, the Ca2+ current decay was slower than control. Double-pulse recording revealed that Ca2+-dependent inactivation of calcium current (CDI) was more pronounced in the EC-Aβ group compared to the control group. However, chronic treatment by calcium channel blocker (CCBs), isradipine or nimodipine, reverse the Ca2+ currents toward the control level. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the calbindin level in the DG of different groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that Aβ in the EC independent of calbindin level triggers a decreased Ca2+ currents along with increased CDI in the DG granule cells which may lead to further electrophysiological alterations in these cells, and treatment by CCBs could preserve normal calcium current and may ultimately normal function against the Aβ toxicity.
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17
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Moreira-Lobo DC, Cruz JS, Silva FR, Ribeiro FM, Kushmerick C, Oliveira FA. Thiamine Deficiency Increases Ca 2+ Current and Ca V1.2 L-type Ca 2+ Channel Levels in Cerebellum Granular Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:453-460. [PMID: 27140189 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is co-factor for three pivotal enzymes for glycolytic metabolism: pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase. Thiamine deficiency leads to neurodegeneration of several brain regions, especially the cerebellum. In addition, several neurodegenerative diseases are associated with impairments of glycolytic metabolism, including Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, understanding the link between dysfunction of the glycolytic pathway and neuronal death will be an important step to comprehend the mechanism and progression of neuronal degeneration as well as the development of new treatment for neurodegenerative states. Here, using an in vitro model to study the effects of thiamine deficiency on cerebellum granule neurons, we show an increase in Ca2+ current density and CaV1.2 expression. These results indicate a link between alterations in glycolytic metabolism and changes to Ca2+ dynamics, two factors that have been implicated in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Moreira-Lobo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Bloco K4, Sala #167, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Bloco K4, Sala #167, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Flavia R Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Bloco K4, Sala #167, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabíola M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Bloco K4, Sala #167, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Christopher Kushmerick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Oliveira
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition (CMCC), Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC, Rua Arcturus, 03 - Jardim Antares, Bloco Delta; 2º Andar; Sala: 248, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-070, Brazil.
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18
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Cerebral Response to Peripheral Challenge with a Viral Mimetic. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:144-55. [PMID: 26526143 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been well established that peripheral inflammation resulting from microbial infections profoundly alters brain function. This review focuses on experimental systems that model cerebral effects of peripheral viral challenge. The most common models employ the induction of the acute phase response via intraperitoneal injection of a viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC). The ensuing transient surge of blood-borne inflammatory mediators induces a "mirror" inflammatory response in the brain characterized by the upregulated expression of a plethora of genes encoding cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory/stress proteins. These inflammatory mediators modify the activity of neuronal networks leading to a constellation of behavioral traits collectively categorized as the sickness behavior. Sickness behavior is an important protective response of the host that has evolved to enhance survival and limit the spread of infections within a population. However, a growing body of clinical data indicates that the activation of inflammatory pathways in the brain may constitute a serious comorbidity factor for neuropathological conditions. Such comorbidity has been demonstrated using the PIC paradigm in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease, prion disease and seizures. Also, prenatal or perinatal PIC challenge has been shown to disrupt normal cerebral development of the offspring resulting in phenotypes consistent with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism. Remarkably, recent studies indicate that mild peripheral PIC challenge may be neuroprotective in stroke. Altogether, the PIC challenge paradigm represents a unique heuristic model to elucidate the immune-to-brain communication pathways and to explore preventive strategies for neuropathological disorders.
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19
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Machado I, Gonzalez PV, Vilcaes A, Carniglia L, Schiöth HB, Lasaga M, Scimonelli TN. Interleukin-1β-induced memory reconsolidation impairment is mediated by a reduction in glutamate release and zif268 expression and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone prevented these effects. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:137-46. [PMID: 25637483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is an important modulator of learning, memory and neural plasticity. Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, significantly affects several cognitive processes. Previous studies by our group have demonstrated that intrahippocampal administration of IL-1β impairs reconsolidation of contextual fear memory. This effect was reversed by the melanocortin alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). The mechanisms underlying the effect of IL-1β on memory reconsolidation have not yet been established. Therefore, we examined the effect of IL-1β on glutamate release, ERK phosphorylation and the activation of the transcription factor zinc finger- 268 (zif268) during reconsolidation. Our results demonstrated that IL-1β induced a significant decrease of glutamate release after reactivation of the fear memory and this effect was related to calcium concentration in hippocampal synaptosomes. IL-1β also reduced ERK phosphorylation and zif268 expression in the hippocampus. Central administration of α-MSH prevented the decrease in glutamate release, ERK phosphorylation and zif268 expression induced by IL-1β. Our results establish possible mechanisms involved in the detrimental effect of IL-1β on memory reconsolidation and also indicate that α-MSH may exert a beneficial modulatory role in preventing IL-1β effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Machado
- IFEC-CONICET, Depto. Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Gonzalez
- IFEC-CONICET, Depto. Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Vilcaes
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lila Carniglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas INBIOMED UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas INBIOMED UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa N Scimonelli
- IFEC-CONICET, Depto. Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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20
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Vezzani A, Viviani B. Neuromodulatory properties of inflammatory cytokines and their impact on neuronal excitability. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:70-82. [PMID: 25445483 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence underlines that prototypical inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) either synthesized in the central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS) by resident cells, or imported by immune blood cells, are involved in several pathophysiological functions, including an unexpected impact on synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. This review describes these unconventional neuromodulatory properties of cytokines, that are distinct from their classical action as effector molecules of the immune system. In addition to the role of cytokines in brain physiology, we report evidence that dysregulation of their biosynthesis and cellular release, or alterations in receptor-mediated intracellular pathways in target cells, leads to neuronal cell dysfunction and modifications in neuronal network excitability. As a consequence, targeting of these cytokines, and related signalling molecules, is considered a novel option for the development of therapies in various CNS or PNS disorders associated with an inflammatory component. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Vezzani
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy.
| | - Barbara Viviani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
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21
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Nimmrich V, Eckert A. Calcium channel blockers and dementia. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1203-10. [PMID: 23638877 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative dementia is mainly caused by Alzheimer's disease and/or cerebrovascular abnormalities. Disturbance of the intracellular calcium homeostasis is central to the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. In Alzheimer's disease, enhanced calcium load may be brought about by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β. Recent studies suggest that soluble forms facilitate influx through calcium-conducting ion channels in the plasma membrane, leading to excitotoxic neurodegeneration. Calcium channel blockade attenuates amyloid-β-induced neuronal decline in vitro and is neuroprotective in animal models. Vascular dementia, on the other hand, is caused by cerebral hypoperfusion and may benefit from calcium channel blockade due to relaxation of the cerebral vasculature. Several calcium channel blockers have been tested in clinical trials of dementia and the outcome is heterogeneous. Nimodipine as well as nilvadipine prevent cognitive decline in some trials, whereas other calcium channel blockers failed. In trials with a positive outcome, BP reduction did not seem to play a role in preventing dementia, indicating a direct protecting effect on neurons. An optimization of calcium channel blockers for the treatment of dementia may involve an increase of selectivity for presynaptic calcium channels and an improvement of the affinity to the inactivated state. Novel low molecular weight compounds suitable for proof-of-concept studies are now available.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nimmrich
- Neuroscience Research, GPRD, AbbVie GmbH, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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22
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23
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Fagan SG, Campbell VA. The influence of cannabinoids on generic traits of neurodegeneration. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1347-60. [PMID: 24172185 PMCID: PMC3954477 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In an increasingly ageing population, the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are rising. While the aetiologies of these disorders are different, a number of common mechanisms that underlie their neurodegenerative components have been elucidated; namely neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced trophic support. Current therapies focus on treatment of the symptoms and attempt to delay the progression of these diseases but there is currently no cure. Modulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system is emerging as a potentially viable option in the treatment of neurodegeneration. Endocannabinoid signalling has been found to be altered in many neurodegenerative disorders. To this end, pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system, as well as application of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids have been investigated. Signalling from the CB1 and CB2 receptors are known to be involved in the regulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis, mitochondrial function, trophic support and inflammatory status, respectively, while other receptors gated by cannabinoids such as PPARγ, are gaining interest in their anti-inflammatory properties. Through multiple lines of evidence, this evolutionarily conserved neurosignalling system has shown neuroprotective capabilities and is therefore a potential target for neurodegenerative disorders. This review details the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and highlights the beneficial effects of cannabinoid treatment. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Fagan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity CollegeDublin 2, Ireland
| | - V A Campbell
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity CollegeDublin 2, Ireland
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24
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Cataldi M. The changing landscape of voltage-gated calcium channels in neurovascular disorders and in neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:276-97. [PMID: 24179464 PMCID: PMC3648780 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311030004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a common belief that voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) cannot carry toxic amounts of Ca2+ in neurons. Also, some of them as L-type channels are essential for Ca2+-dependent regulation of prosurvival gene-programs. However, a wealth of data show a beneficial effect of drugs acting on VGCCs in several neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. In the present review, we explore several mechanisms by which the “harmless” VGCCs may become “toxic” for neurons. These mechanisms could explain how, though usually required for neuronal survival, VGCCs may take part in neurodegeneration. We will present evidence showing that VGCCs can carry toxic Ca2+ when: a) their density or activity increases because of aging, chronic hypoxia or exposure to β-amyloid peptides or b) Ca2+-dependent action potentials carry high Ca2+ loads in pacemaker neurons. Besides, we will examine conditions in which VGCCs promote neuronal cell death without carrying excess Ca2+. This can happen, for instance, when they carry metal ions into the neuronal cytoplasm or when a pathological decrease in their activity weakens Ca2+-dependent prosurvival gene programs. Finally, we will explore the role of VGCCs in the control of nonneuronal cells that take part to neurodegeneration like those of the neurovascular unit or of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cataldi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
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25
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Abstract
P/Q-type calcium channels are high-voltage-gated calcium channels contributing to vesicle release at synaptic terminals. A number of neurological diseases have been attributed to malfunctioning of P/Q channels, including ataxia, migraine and Alzheimer's disease. To date, only two specific P/Q-type blockers are known: both are peptides deriving from the spider venom of Agelenopsis aperta, ω-agatoxins. Other peptidic calcium channel blockers with activity at P/Q channels are available, albeit with less selectivity. A number of low molecular weight compounds modulate P/Q-type currents with different characteristics, and some exhibit a peculiar bidirectional pattern of modulation. Interestingly, there are a number of therapeutics in clinical use, which also show P/Q channel activity. Because selectivity as well as the exact mode of action is different between all P/Q-type channel modulators, the interpretation of clinical and experimental data is complicated and needs a comprehensive understanding of their target profile. The situation is further complicated by the fact that information on potency varies vastly in the literature, which may be the result of different experimental systems, conditions or the splice variants of the P/Q channel. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the compounds available that affect the P/Q-type channel and should help with the interpretation of results of in vitro experiments and animal models. It also aims to explain some clinical observations by implementing current knowledge about P/Q channel modulation of therapeutically used non-selective drugs. Chances and challenges of the development of P/Q channel-selective molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nimmrich
- Neuroscience Research, GPRD, Abbott, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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26
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Hermann D, Mezler M, Müller MK, Wicke K, Gross G, Draguhn A, Bruehl C, Nimmrich V. Synthetic Aβ oligomers (Aβ(1-42) globulomer) modulate presynaptic calcium currents: prevention of Aβ-induced synaptic deficits by calcium channel blockers. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 702:44-55. [PMID: 23376566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is accompanied by increased brain levels of soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. It has been suggested that oligomers directly impair synaptic function, thereby causing cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients. Recently, it has been shown that synthetic Aβ oligomers directly modulate P/Q-type calcium channels, possibly leading to excitotoxic cascades and subsequent synaptic decline. Using whole-cell recordings we studied the modulation of recombinant presynaptic calcium channels in HEK293 cells after application of a stable Aβ oligomer preparation (Aβ1-42 globulomer). Aβ globulomer shifted the half-activation voltage of P/Q-type and N-type calcium channels to more hyperpolarized values (by 11.5 and 7.5 mV). Application of non-aggregated Aβ peptides had no effect. We then analyzed the potential of calcium channel blockers to prevent Aβ globulomer-induced synaptic decline in hippocampal slice cultures. Specific block of P/Q-type or N-type calcium channels with peptide toxins completely reversed Aβ globulomer-induced deficits in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Two state-dependent low molecular weight P/Q-type and N-type calcium channel blockers also protected neurons from Aβ-induced alterations. On the contrary, inhibition of L-type calcium channels failed to reverse the deficit. Our data show that Aβ globulomer directly modulates recombinant P/Q-type and N-type calcium channels in HEK293 cells. Block of presynaptic calcium channels with both state-dependent and state-independent modulators can reverse Aβ-induced functional deficits in synaptic transmission. These findings indicate that presynaptic calcium channel blockers may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hermann
- Neuroscience Research, GPRD, Abbott, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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27
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L-type calcium channel blockade alleviates molecular and reversal spatial learning and memory alterations induced by entorhinal amyloid pathology in rats. Behav Brain Res 2013; 237:190-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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He F, Luan P, He R, Zhao ZY, Sun ZQ, Che FY, Xing YG, Liu J. Effect of edaravone on Aβ1-40 induced enhancement of voltage-gated calcium channel current. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 18:89-90. [PMID: 22280160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2011.00283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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29
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Lioudyno MI, Broccio M, Sokolov Y, Rasool S, Wu J, Alkire MT, Liu V, Kozak JA, Dennison PR, Glabe CG, Lösche M, Hall JE. Effect of synthetic aβ peptide oligomers and fluorinated solvents on Kv1.3 channel properties and membrane conductance. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35090. [PMID: 22563377 PMCID: PMC3338507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of synthetic amyloid β (1–42) (Aβ1–42) oligomers on biophysical properties of voltage-gated potassium channels Kv 1.3 and lipid bilayer membranes (BLMs) was quantified for protocols using hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as solvents prior to initiating the oligomer formation. Regardless of the solvent used Aβ1–42 samples contained oligomers that reacted with the conformation-specific antibodies A11 and OC and had similar size distributions as determined by dynamic light scattering. Patch-clamp recordings of the potassium currents showed that synthetic Aβ1–42 oligomers accelerate the activation and inactivation kinetics of Kv 1.3 current with no significant effect on current amplitude. In contrast to oligomeric samples, freshly prepared, presumably monomeric, Aβ1–42 solutions had no effect on Kv 1.3 channel properties. Aβ1–42 oligomers had no effect on the steady-state current (at −80 mV) recorded from Kv 1.3-expressing cells but increased the conductance of artificial BLMs in a dose-dependent fashion. Formation of amyloid channels, however, was not observed due to conditions of the experiments. To exclude the effects of HFIP (used to dissolve lyophilized Aβ1–42 peptide), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (used during Aβ1–42 synthesis), we determined concentrations of these fluorinated compounds in the stock Aβ1–42 solutions by 19F NMR. After extensive evaporation, the concentration of HFIP in the 100× stock Aβ1–42 solutions was ∼1.7 μM. The concentration of residual TFA in the 70× stock Aβ1–42 solutions was ∼20 μM. Even at the stock concentrations neither HFIP nor TFA alone had any effect on potassium currents or BLMs. The Aβ1–42 oligomers prepared with HFIP as solvent, however, were more potent in the electrophysiological tests, suggesting that fluorinated compounds, such as HFIP or structurally-related inhalational anesthetics, may affect Aβ1–42 aggregation and potentially enhance ability of oligomers to modulate voltage-gated ion channels and biological membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Lioudyno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, Calfornia, United States of America
| | - Matteo Broccio
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuri Sokolov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, Calfornia, United States of America
| | - Suhail Rasool
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Alkire
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Virginia Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, Calfornia, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - J. Ashot Kozak
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Philip R. Dennison
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Charles G. Glabe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Mathias Lösche
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James E. Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, Calfornia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Yamamoto K, Ueta Y, Wang L, Yamamoto R, Inoue N, Inokuchi K, Aiba A, Yonekura H, Kato N. Suppression of a neocortical potassium channel activity by intracellular amyloid-β and its rescue with Homer1a. J Neurosci 2011; 31:11100-9. [PMID: 21813671 PMCID: PMC6623357 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6752-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is proposed that intracellular amyloid-β (Aβ), before extracellular plaque formation, triggers cognitive deficits in Alzheimer disease (AD). Here we report how intracellular Aβ affects neuronal properties. This was done by injecting Aβ protein into rat and mouse neocortical pyramidal cells through whole-cell patch pipettes and by using 3xTg AD model mice, in which intracellular Aβ is accumulated innately. In rats, intracellular application of a mixed Aβ(1-42) preparation containing both oligomers and monomers, but not a monomeric preparation of Aβ(1-40), broadened spike width and augmented Ca(2+) influx via voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in neocortical neurons. Both effects were mimicked and occluded by charybdotoxin, a blocker of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels, and blocked by isopimaric acid, a BK channel opener. Surprisingly, augmented Ca(2+) influx was caused by elongated spike duration, but not attributable to direct Ca(2+) channel modulation by Aβ(1-42). The Aβ(1-42)-induced spike broadening was blocked by electroconvulsive shock (ECS), which we previously showed to facilitate BK channel opening via expression of the scaffold protein Homer1a. In young 3xTg and wild mice, we confirmed spike broadening by Aβ(1-42), which was again mimicked and occluded by charybdotoxin and blocked by ECS. In Homer1a knock-out mice, ECS failed to block the Aβ(1-42) effect. Single-channel recording on BK channels supported these results. These findings suggest that the suppression of BK channels by intracellular Aβ(1-42) is a possible key mechanism for early dysfunction in the AD brain, which may be counteracted by activity-dependent expression of Homer1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamamoto
- Departments of Physiology and
- Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto 616-8255, Japan
| | | | - Li Wang
- Departments of Physiology and
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | | | - Naoko Inoue
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan, and
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan, and
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hideto Yonekura
- Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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31
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Interleukin-1β Inhibits Voltage-Gated Sodium Currents in a Time- and Dose-Dependent Manner in Cortical Neurons. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1116-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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32
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Malchiodi-Albedi F, Paradisi S, Matteucci A, Frank C, Diociaiuti M. Amyloid oligomer neurotoxicity, calcium dysregulation, and lipid rafts. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:906964. [PMID: 21331330 PMCID: PMC3038657 DOI: 10.4061/2011/906964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid proteins constitute a chemically heterogeneous group of proteins, which share some biophysical and biological characteristics, the principal of which are the high propensity to acquire an incorrect folding and the tendency to aggregate. A number of diseases are associated with misfolding and aggregation of proteins, although only in some of them—most notably Alzheimer's disease (AD) and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)—a pathogenetic link with misfolded proteins is now widely recognized. Lipid rafts (LRs) have been involved in the pathophysiology of diseases associated with protein misfolding at several levels, including aggregation of misfolded proteins, amyloidogenic processing, and neurotoxicity. Among the pathogenic misfolded proteins, the AD-related protein amyloid β (Aβ) is by far the most studied protein, and a large body of evidence has been gathered on the role played by LRs in Aβ pathogenicity. However, significant amount of data has also been collected for several other amyloid proteins, so that their ability to interact with LRs can be considered an additional, shared feature characterizing the amyloid protein family. In this paper, we will review the evidence on the role of LRs in the neurotoxicity of huntingtin, α-synuclein, prion protein, and calcitonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Malchiodi-Albedi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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33
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Cytokines and neuronal channels: A molecular basis for age-related decline of neuronal function? Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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Lopez JR, Shtifman A. Intracellular β-amyloid accumulation leads to age-dependent progression of Ca2+ dysregulation in skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 2010; 42:731-8. [PMID: 20665519 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intramyofiber accumulation of β-amyloid fragments (Aβ) is a pathologic hallmark of inclusion-body myositis (IBM), a progressive skeletal muscle disorder. We investigated the temporal pattern of alterations in the resting cytoplasmic [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](i)) as well as the depolarization-evoked Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle from transgenic mice expressing human βAPP (MCK-βAPP). MCK-βAPP mice show an age-dependent increase in [Ca(2+)](i) along with a reduction in depolarization-evoked Ca(2+) release, which appear well before the other reported aspects of IBM, such as inclusion formation, inflammation, centralized nuclei, atrophy, and skeletal muscle weakness. In the young MCK-βAPP animals the increase in resting [Ca(2+)](i) can be attributed largely to Ca(2+) influx through nifedipine-sensitive Ca(2+) channels. In the adult MCK-βAPP mice, in addition to the nifedipine-sensitive pathway, there is also a substantial contribution by the intracellular compartments to the increase in [Ca(2+)](i). These results suggest that β-amyloid-induced disuption of Ca(2+) handling may represent an early event in the pathogenesis of IBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josè R Lopez
- Department of Anesthesia, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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Santos SF, Pierrot N, Octave JN. Network excitability dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: insights from in vitro and in vivo models. Rev Neurosci 2010; 21:153-71. [PMID: 20879690 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2010.21.3.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recent reports have drawn attention to dysfunctions of intrinsic neuronal excitability and network activity in Alzheimer disease (AD). Here we review the possible causes of these basic dysfunctions and implications for AD, based on in vitro and in vivo findings. We then review the current therapeutic approaches particularly linked to the issue of neuronal excitability in AD. CONCLUSION AD is a complex, neurodegenerative disorder. Hippocampal synaptic dysfunction is an early feature of the degenerative process that is clearly linked to memory impairment, the first and major symptom of AD. A growing body of evidence points toward a dysfunction of neuronal networks. Intrinsic neuronal excitability, mainly through profound dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, appears to be largely affected. Consequently, neuronal communication is disturbed. Such cellular defects might underlie cognitive manifestations like fluctuations in cognitive impairment and might also explain several observations obtained with EEG, MEG, MRI, or PET studies, leading to the concept of a disconnection syndrome in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ferrao Santos
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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37
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Ryan S, O'Gorman DM, Nolan YM. Evidence that the marine-derived multi-mineral Aquamin has anti-inflammatory effects on cortical glial-enriched cultures. Phytother Res 2010; 25:765-7. [PMID: 21520469 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that neuroinflammation contributes to brain aging, and that cortical cells are particularly vulnerable. Lipopolysaccharide stimulates the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta from glial cells which consequently induces an impairment in neuronal cell function. The food supplement, Aquamin, is a natural, multi-mineral derived from the red algae Lithothamnion corallioides, rich in calcium, magnesium and 72 other trace minerals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of Aquamin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated, glial-enriched primary cultures of rat cortex. It is reported that Aquamin prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta from cortical glia. These data suggest that nutritional supplements such as Aquamin may play an important role in impeding the detrimental effects of excessive inflammation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Ryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
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38
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Noonan J, Tanveer R, Klompas A, Gowran A, McKiernan J, Campbell VA. Endocannabinoids prevent β-amyloid-mediated lysosomal destabilization in cultured neurons. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:38543-54. [PMID: 20923768 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.162040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell loss underlies the pathological decline in cognition and memory associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). Recently, targeting the endocannabinoid system in AD has emerged as a promising new approach to treatment. Studies have identified neuroprotective roles for endocannabinoids against key pathological events in the AD brain, including cell death by apoptosis. Elucidation of the apoptotic pathway evoked by β-amyloid (Aβ) is thus important for the development of therapeutic strategies that can thwart Aβ toxicity and preserve cell viability. We have previously reported that lysosomal membrane permeabilization plays a distinct role in the apoptotic pathway initiated by Aβ. In the present study, we provide evidence that the endocannabinoid system can stabilize lysosomes against Aβ-induced permeabilization and in turn sustain cell survival. We report that endocannabinoids stabilize lysosomes by preventing the Aβ-induced up-regulation of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, and its interaction with the lysosomal membrane. We also provide evidence that intracellular cannabinoid type 1 receptors play a role in stabilizing lysosomes against Aβ toxicity and thus highlight the functionality of these receptors. Given the deleterious effect of lysosomal membrane permeabilization on cell viability, stabilization of lysosomes with endocannabinoids may represent a novel mechanism by which these lipid modulators confer neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Noonan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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39
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Fogarty MP, McCormack RM, Noonan J, Murphy D, Gowran A, Campbell VA. A role for p53 in the β-amyloid-mediated regulation of the lysosomal system. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 31:1774-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Counts SE, He B, Che S, Ginsberg SD, Mufson EJ. Galanin fiber hyperinnervation preserves neuroprotective gene expression in cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 18:885-96. [PMID: 19749437 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2009-1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibers containing galanin (GAL) hyperinnervate cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) nucleus basalis neurons in late stage Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the molecular consequences of this phenomenon are unknown. To determine whether GAL alters the expression of genes critical to CBF cell survival in AD, single cell microarray analysis was used to determine mRNA levels within nucleus basalis neurons lacking GAL innervation from subjects who died with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI) compared to nucleus basalis neurons from AD cases either lacking GAL hyperinnervation (AD/GAL-) or those displaying prominent GAL hyperinnervation (AD/GAL+). Levels of mRNAs encoding putatively neuroprotective proteins such as the GluR2 Ca(2)-impermeable glutamate receptor subunit, superoxide dismutase 2, and the GLUT2 glucose transporter were significantly decreased in AD/GAL- nucleus basalis neurons compared to NCI and AD/GAL+ neurons. By contrast, mRNAs encoding calpain catalytic and regulatory subunits, which may contribute to cell death in AD, were increased in AD/GAL- compared to NCI and AD/GAL+ neurons. Hence, GAL fiber hyperinnervation appears to preserve the expression of genes subserving multiple neuroprotective pathways suggesting that GAL overexpression regulates CBF neuron survival in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Counts
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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41
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[Inhibition effect of IL-1beta on calcium channels currents in cultured cortical neurons of rat]. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2010; 31:89-93. [PMID: 20446459 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1141.2010.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is an important proinflammatory cytokine that exert wide biological functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in plasma membrane are essential components of Ca2+ signal whose change on pathological conditions is closely related to processes of diseases. Although both IL-1beta and Ca2+ channels have key roles in injury and disease of the brain, so far their relations have been reported in few studies. The effects of IL-1beta on Ca2+ channels in cultured cortical neurons of rats were investigated using patch-clamp recording in present research. Our results showed that both 10 and 50 ng/mL of IL-1beta treatment inhibit the Ca2+ currents in time and dose dependent manner, without the change of activation properties of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC)s.
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42
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Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling is fundamental to neuronal physiology and viability. Because of its ubiquitous roles, disruptions in Ca(2+) homeostasis are implicated in diverse disease processes and have become a major focus of study in multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD). A hallmark of AD is the excessive production of beta-amyloid (Abeta) and its massive accumulation in amyloid plaques. In this minireview, we highlight the pathogenic interactions between altered cellular Ca(2+) signaling and Abeta in its different aggregation states and how these elements coalesce to alter the course of the neurodegenerative disease. Ca(2+) and Abeta intersect at several functional levels and temporal stages of AD, thereby altering neurotransmitter receptor properties, disrupting membrane integrity, and initiating apoptotic signaling cascades. Notably, there are reciprocal interactions between Ca(2+) pathways and amyloid pathology; altered Ca(2+) signaling accelerates Abeta formation, whereas Abeta peptides, particularly in soluble oligomeric forms, induce Ca(2+) disruptions. A degenerative feed-forward cycle of toxic Abeta generation and Ca(2+) perturbations results, which in turn can spin off to accelerate more global neuropathological cascades, ultimately leading to synaptic breakdown, cell death, and devastating memory loss. Although no cause or cure is currently known, targeting Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis as an underlying and integral component of AD pathology may result in novel and effective treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Demuro
- From the Departments of
Neurobiology and Behavior and
| | - Ian Parker
- From the Departments of
Neurobiology and Behavior and
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 and
| | - Grace E. Stutzmann
- the
Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
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43
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Innocent N, Evans N, Hille C, Wonnacott S. Oligomerisation differentially affects the acute and chronic actions of amyloid-beta in vitro. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:343-52. [PMID: 20388522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Key neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease include the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta), disruption of Ca(2+) homeostasis and neurodegeneration. However, the physical nature of the toxic Abeta species is controversial. Here, we examined the effect of aging on acute and chronic actions of Abeta peptides: changes in intracellular Ca(2+) and toxic responses, respectively. Acute application of Abeta(1-42) to PC12 cells potentiated KCl-evoked increases in Ca(2+), while chronic application decreased mitochondrial function with concomitant perturbation of membrane integrity and activation of apoptosis in PC12 cells, and reduced neurite length and synaptogenesis in rat cortical neurons. Both the acute and chronic effects of Abeta(1-42) were prevented by the anti-oligomerisation peptide D-KLVFFA, implicating oligomeric structures. The generation of a range of oligomeric species by aging Abeta(1-42) at 37 degrees C for different times was supported by thioflavin T fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. Abeta(1-42) aged for 24 h maximally potentiated KCl-evoked increases in Ca(2+), and this correlated with oligomers composed of 3-6 monomers, as judged by size exclusion filtration. Aging for 72 or 96 h, which generated fibrillar structures, was less efficacious. The Abeta(25-35) fragment that lacks the self-recognition element targeted by D-KLVFFA failed to potentiate KCl-evoked increases in Ca(2+). However, Abeta(25-35) was more efficacious than Abeta(1-42) at decreasing cellular functions when applied chronically. The acute and chronic effects of Abeta(1-42) also showed differential sensitivity to blockade of voltage operated Ca(2+) channels. These results suggest that the acute effects of Abeta(1-42) on Ca(2+) signals do not underpin the toxic responses measured, although both acute and chronic effects are promoted by small oligomeric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Innocent
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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44
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Randall AD, Witton J, Booth C, Hynes-Allen A, Brown JT. The functional neurophysiology of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing pathway. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:243-67. [PMID: 20167227 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides derived from proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) are thought to be a pivotal toxic species in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, evidence has been accumulating that components of APP processing pathway are involved in non-pathological normal function of the CNS. In this review we aim to cover the extensive body of research aimed at understanding how components of this pathway contribute to neurophysiological function of the CNS in health and disease. We briefly outline changes to clinical neurophysiology seen in AD patients before discussing functional changes in mouse models of AD which range from changes to basal synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity through to abnormal synchronous network activity. We then describe the various neurophysiological actions that are produced by application of exogenous Abeta in various forms, and finally discuss a number or other neurophysiological aspects of the APP pathway, including functional activities of components of secretase complexes other than Abeta production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Randall
- MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Department of Anatomy, University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, UK.
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45
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Yu JT, Chang RCC, Tan L. Calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 89:240-55. [PMID: 19664678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calcium is involved in many facets of neuronal physiology, including activity, growth and differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory, as well as pathophysiology, including necrosis, apoptosis, and degeneration. Though disturbances in calcium homeostasis in cells from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have been observed for many years, much more attention was focused on amyloid-beta (Abeta) and tau as key causative factors for the disease. Nevertheless, increasing lines of evidence have recently reported that calcium dysregulation plays a central role in AD pathogenesis. Systemic calcium changes accompany almost the whole brain pathology process that is observed in AD, including synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, presenilins mutation, Abeta production and Tau phosphorylation. Given the early and ubiquitous involvement of calcium dysregulation in AD pathogenesis, it logically presents a variety of potential therapeutic targets for AD prevention and treatment, such as calcium channels in the plasma membrane, calcium channels in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, Abeta-formed calcium channels, calcium-related proteins. The review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in calcium dysregulation in AD, and an insight on how to exploit calcium regulation as therapeutic opportunities in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, China
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46
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Schmid AW, Lynch MA, Herron CE. The effects of IL-1 receptor antagonist on beta amyloid mediated depression of LTP in the rat CA1 in vivo. Hippocampus 2009; 19:670-6. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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47
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Zhu JTT, Choi RCY, Xie HQ, Zheng KYZ, Guo AJY, Bi CWC, Lau DTW, Li J, Dong TTX, Lau BWC, Chen JJ, Tsim KWK. Hibifolin, a flavonol glycoside, prevents beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cortical neurons. Neurosci Lett 2009; 461:172-6. [PMID: 19539722 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of aggregated beta-amyloid (A beta) has been implicated as a critical cause in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hibifolin, a flavonol glycoside derived from herbal plants, possessed a strong protective activity against cell death induced by aggregated A beta. Application of hibifolin in primary cortical neurons prevented the A beta-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. In cultured cortical neurons, the pre-treatment of hibifolin abolished A beta-induced Ca(2+) mobilization, and also reduced A beta-induced caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation. Moreover, DNA fragmentation induced by A beta could be suppressed by hibifolin. In addition to such protection mechanisms, hibifolin was able to induce Akt phosphorylation in cortical neurons, which could be another explanation for the neuroprotection activity. These results therefore provided the first evidence that hibifolin protected neurons against A beta-induced apoptosis and stimulated Akt activation, which would be useful in developing potential drugs or food supplements for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy T T Zhu
- Department of Biology and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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48
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Marambaud P, Dreses-Werringloer U, Vingtdeux V. Calcium signaling in neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2009; 4:20. [PMID: 19419557 PMCID: PMC2689218 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is a key signaling ion involved in many different intracellular and extracellular processes ranging from synaptic activity to cell-cell communication and adhesion. The exact definition at the molecular level of the versatility of this ion has made overwhelming progress in the past several years and has been extensively reviewed. In the brain, calcium is fundamental in the control of synaptic activity and memory formation, a process that leads to the activation of specific calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways and implicates key protein effectors, such as CaMKs, MAPK/ERKs, and CREB. Properly controlled homeostasis of calcium signaling not only supports normal brain physiology but also maintains neuronal integrity and long-term cell survival. Emerging knowledge indicates that calcium homeostasis is not only critical for cell physiology and health, but also, when deregulated, can lead to neurodegeneration via complex and diverse mechanisms involved in selective neuronal impairments and death. The identification of several modulators of calcium homeostasis, such as presenilins and CALHM1, as potential factors involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, provides strong support for a role of calcium in neurodegeneration. These observations represent an important step towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of calcium signaling disturbances observed in different brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
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49
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Zhong SZ, Ge QH, Li Q, Qu R, Ma SP. Peoniflorin attentuates Abeta((1-42))-mediated neurotoxicity by regulating calcium homeostasis and ameliorating oxidative stress in hippocampus of rats. J Neurol Sci 2009; 280:71-8. [PMID: 19268972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peoniflorin (PEF), a monoterpene glycoside isolated from the aqueous extract of the dry root of Paeonia, possesses wide pharmacological effects in nervous system. In this study, by using a developed rat model of hippocampal dysfunction induced by intrahippocampal injection of Abeta((1-42)) oligomers, we investigated whether PEF exerted protection against Abeta-induced neurotoxicity. A stereotactic intrahippocampal bilateral injection of Abeta((1-42)) (5 microg per side) was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats (250-280 g). Abeta((1-42))-exposed rats showed remarkable memory impairment in Morris water maze test and neuronal apoptosis by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling in hippocampus. Chronic treatment with PEF (7.5, 15 and 30 mg/(kg day), for 20 days, intraperitoneally) significantly and dose-dependently attenuated cognitive deficit, ameliorated cell apoptosis in Abeta((1-42))-treated rats. The neuroprotective effect of PEF was closely associated with its activities of maintenance of [Ca(2+)](i) homeostasis, increase of reduced glutathione (GSH) content, suppression of NOS activity and nitric oxide (NO) level, decrease of carbonyl protein (CP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These results suggested that PEF possessed the activity of prevention of the neurotoxicity induced by Abeta((1-42)) and might exert beneficial action for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Zhi Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
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50
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Piacentini R, Ripoli C, Leone L, Misiti F, Clementi ME, D'Ascenzo M, Giardina B, Azzena GB, Grassi C. Role of methionine 35 in the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation and Ca2+-dependent apoptosis induced by amyloid beta-peptide in human neuroblastoma IMR32 cells. J Neurochem 2009; 107:1070-82. [PMID: 18990116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We recently reported that the redox state of the methionine residue in position 35 of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) 1-42 (Met35) strongly affects the peptide's ability to trigger apoptosis and is thus a major determinant of its neurotoxicity. Dysregulation of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis resulting in the activation of pro-apoptotic pathways has been proposed as a mechanism underlying Abeta toxicity. Therefore, we investigated correlations between the Met35 redox state, Abeta toxicity, and altered intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in human neuroblastoma IMR32 cells. Cells incubated for 6-24 h with 10 microM Abeta1-42 exhibited significantly increased KCl-induced Ca(2+) transient amplitudes and resting free Ca(2+) concentrations. Nifedipine-sensitive Ca(2+) current densities and Ca(v)1 channel expression were markedly enhanced by Abeta1-42. None of these effects were observed when cells were exposed to Abeta containing oxidized Met35 (Abeta1-42(Met35-Ox)). Cell pre-treatment with the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (1 microM) or the Ca(v)1 channel blocker nifedipine (5 microM) significantly attenuated Abeta1-42-induced apoptosis but had no effect on Abeta1-42(Met35-Ox) toxicity. Collectively, these data suggest that reduced Met35 plays a critical role in Abeta1-42 toxicity by rendering the peptide capable of disrupting intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and thereby provoking apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Catholic University S Cuore, Rome, Italy
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