1
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Yuan H, Liu Y, Zhang J, Dong JF, Zhao Z. Transcription factors in megakaryocytes and platelets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140501. [PMID: 36969155 PMCID: PMC10034027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors bind promoter or regulatory sequences of a gene to regulate its rate of transcription. However, they are also detected in anucleated platelets. The transcription factors RUNX1, GATA1, STAT3, NFκB, and PPAR have been widely reported to play key roles in the pathophysiology of platelet hyper-reactivity, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. These non-transcriptional activities are independent of gene transcription or protein synthesis but their underlying mechanisms of action remain poorly defined. Genetic and acquired defects in these transcription factors are associated with the production of platelet microvesicles that are known to initiate and propagate coagulation and to promote thrombosis. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the study of transcription factors in platelet generation, reactivity, and production of microvesicles, with a focus on non-transcriptional activities of selected transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjie Yuan
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yafan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-fei Dong
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zilong Zhao, ; Jing-fei Dong,
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zilong Zhao, ; Jing-fei Dong,
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2
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Sokolovskaya AA, Popov MA, Sergeeva EA, Metelkin AA, Zybin DI, Shumakov DV, Kubatiev AA. Investigation of Platelet Apoptosis in Patients after Surgical Myocardial Revascularization. Biomedicines 2023; 11:251. [PMID: 36830787 PMCID: PMC9952963 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are one of the main participants in vascular accidents in cases of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this study, we sought to detect platelet apoptosis in patients with coronary artery disease who underwent scheduled myocardial revascularization surgery. To identify apoptotic events, we analyzed phosphatidylserine (PS) expression on the surface of platelets and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by flow cytometry in two groups of 30 patients aged 45-60 years: Group 1-patients before myocardial revascularization surgery and group 2-patients after myocardial revascularization surgery. The control group consisted of 10 healthy volunteers aged 45-60 years. According to our data, the percentage levels of PS expression in patients greatly decreased after surgery. We confirmed platelet apoptosis by recording depolarization of ΔΨm in pre- and postoperative patients. ΔΨm readings were considerably improved after surgery. Our data indicated that the functional parameters of platelets in patients with coronary heart disease differed from the characteristics of platelets in patients who underwent myocardial revascularization, and from those of patients in a control group. Future studies of platelet phenotypic characteristics and platelet apoptosis biomarkers should greatly advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease, and further promote the development of methods for predicting adverse outcomes after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa A. Sokolovskaya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Popov
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Shepkina 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Sergeeva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arkadiy A. Metelkin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I. Zybin
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Shepkina 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Shumakov
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Shepkina 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan A. Kubatiev
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Ebermeyer T, Cognasse F, Berthelot P, Mismetti P, Garraud O, Hamzeh-Cognasse H. Platelet Innate Immune Receptors and TLRs: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157894. [PMID: 34360659 PMCID: PMC8347377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are hematopoietic cells whose main function has for a long time been considered to be the maintenance of vascular integrity. They have an essential role in the hemostatic response, but they also have functional capabilities that go far beyond it. This review will provide an overview of platelet functions. Indeed, stress signals may induce platelet apoptosis through proapoptotis or hemostasis receptors, necrosis, and even autophagy. Platelets also interact with immune cells and modulate immune responses in terms of activation, maturation, recruitment and cytokine secretion. This review will also show that platelets, thanks to their wide range of innate immune receptors, and in particular toll-like receptors, and can be considered sentinels actively participating in the immuno-surveillance of the body. We will discuss the diversity of platelet responses following the engagement of these receptors as well as the signaling pathways involved. Finally, we will show that while platelets contribute significantly, via their TLRs, to immune response and inflammation, these receptors also participate in the pathophysiological processes associated with various pathogens and diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Ebermeyer
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 25 bd Pasteur, F-42100 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- Team GIMAP, CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, U1111, UMR5308, F-69007 Lyon, France;
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Therapeutics, INNOVTE, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Hubbard WB, Dong JF, Cruz MA, Rumbaut RE. Links between thrombosis and inflammation in traumatic brain injury. Thromb Res 2020; 198:62-71. [PMID: 33290884 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be a major healthcare problem and there is much to be explored regarding the secondary pathobiology to identify early predictive markers and new therapeutic targets. While documented changes in thrombosis and inflammation in major trauma have been well described, growing evidence suggests that isolated TBI also results in systemic alterations in these mechanisms. Here, we review recent experimental and clinical findings that demonstrate how blood-brain barrier dysfunction, systemic immune response, inflammation, platelet activation, and thrombosis contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of TBI. Despite advances in the links between thrombosis and inflammation, there is a lack of treatment options aimed at both processes and this could be crucial to treating vascular injury, local and systemic inflammation, and secondary ischemic events following TBI. With emerging evidence of newly-identified roles for platelets, leukocytes, the coagulation system and extracellular vesicles in processes of inflammation and thrombosis, there is a growing need to characterize these mechanisms within the context of TBI and whether these changes persist into the chronic phase of injury. Importantly, this review defines areas in need of further research to advance the field and presents a roadmap to identify new diagnostic and treatment options for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brad Hubbard
- Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Miguel A Cruz
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Rolando E Rumbaut
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
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5
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Ramirez GA, Manfredi AA, Maugeri N. Misunderstandings Between Platelets and Neutrophils Build in Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2491. [PMID: 31695699 PMCID: PMC6817594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated hemostasis, inflammation and innate immunity entail extensive interactions between platelets and neutrophils. Under physiological conditions, vascular inflammation offers a template for the establishment of effective intravascular immunity, with platelets providing neutrophils with an array of signals that increase their activation threshold, thus limiting collateral damage to tissues and promoting termination of the inflammatory response. By contrast, persistent systemic inflammation as observed in immune-mediated diseases, such as systemic vasculitides, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by platelet and neutrophil reciprocal activation, which ultimately culminates in the generation of thrombo-inflammatory lesions, fostering vascular injury and organ damage. Here, we discuss recent evidence regarding the multifaceted aspects of platelet-neutrophil interactions from bone marrow precursors to shed microparticles. Moreover, we analyse shared and disease-specific events due to an aberrant deployment of these interactions in human diseases. To restore communications between the pillars of the immune-hemostatic continuum constitutes a fascinating challenge for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Ramirez
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Norma Maugeri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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6
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Role of NF-κB in Platelet Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174185. [PMID: 31461836 PMCID: PMC6747346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are megakaryocyte-derived fragments lacking nuclei and prepped to maintain primary hemostasis by initiating blood clots on injured vascular endothelia. Pathologically, platelets undergo the same physiological processes of activation, secretion, and aggregation yet with such pronouncedness that they orchestrate and make headway the progression of atherothrombotic diseases not only through clot formation but also via forcing a pro-inflammatory state. Indeed, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is largely implicated in atherosclerosis and its pathological complication in atherothrombotic diseases due to its transcriptional role in maintaining pro-survival and pro-inflammatory states in vascular and blood cells. On the other hand, we know little on the functions of platelet NF-κB, which seems to function in other non-genomic ways to modulate atherothrombosis. Therein, this review will resemble a rich portfolio for NF-κB in platelets, specifically showing its implications at the levels of platelet survival and function. We will also share the knowledge thus far on the effects of active ingredients on NF-κB in general, as an extrapolative method to highlight the potential therapeutic targeting of NF-κB in coronary diseases. Finally, we will unzip a new horizon on a possible extra-platelet role of platelet NF-κB, which will better expand our knowledge on the etiology and pathophysiology of atherothrombosis.
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7
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Wang L, Xie R, Fan Z, Yang J, Liang W, Wu Q, Wu MX, Wang Z, Lu Y. The contribution of oxidative stress to platelet senescence during storage. Transfusion 2019; 59:2389-2402. [PMID: 30942490 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets for transfusion become senescent and dysfunctional during storage, resulting in a markedly short shelf life (5 days). We hypothesized that oxidative stress might account for this decline. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Human platelets were treated with or without antioxidants before storage, and samples were collected and analyzed at different time points. Platelet senescence was determined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay, and senescence-related platelet qualities were also analyzed. RESULTS Sign of senescence became evident after Day 3 and continued to increase over time. We also found that chemical induction of platelet activation did not affect senescence level, whereas apoptosis inducers showed a stimulative effect on platelet senescence. Moreover, this effect was not prevented by a pan-caspase inhibitor. Meanwhile, cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were found elevated during storage, and treatments with antioxidants successfully prevented this increase and also mitigated senescence levels of stored platelets. Finally, resveratrol, a natural antioxidant, was utilized as a novel storage additive to safely extend platelet shelf time. We showed that the addition of resveratrol efficiently postponed platelet senescence and ameliorated platelet storage lesion. CONCLUSIONS Platelets during storage became senescent and dysfunctional over time, and we found that oxidative stress might account for this decline. The addition of antioxidants effectively postponed senescence and ameliorated platelet storage lesion, which might provide a valuable reference to future platelet storage methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rufeng Xie
- Blood Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijia Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Blood Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Kim OV, Nevzorova TA, Mordakhanova ER, Ponomareva AA, Andrianova IA, Le Minh G, Daminova AG, Peshkova AD, Alber MS, Vagin O, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW. Fatal dysfunction and disintegration of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Haematologica 2019; 104:1866-1878. [PMID: 30792211 PMCID: PMC6717590 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.202309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a key role in the formation of hemostatic clots and obstructive thrombi as well as in other biological processes. In response to physiological stimulants, including thrombin, platelets change shape, express adhesive molecules, aggregate, and secrete bioactive substances, but their subsequent fate is largely unknown. Here we examined late-stage structural, metabolic, and functional consequences of thrombin-induced platelet activation. Using a combination of confocal microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, biochemical and biomechanical measurements, we showed that thrombin-induced activation is followed by time-dependent platelet dysfunction and disintegration. After ~30 minutes of incubation with thrombin, unlike with collagen or ADP, human platelets disintegrated into cellular fragments containing organelles, such as mitochondria, glycogen granules, and vacuoles. This platelet fragmentation was preceded by Ca2+ influx, integrin αIIbβ3 activation and phosphatidylserine exposure (activation phase), followed by mitochondrial depolarization, generation of reactive oxygen species, metabolic ATP depletion and impairment of platelet contractility along with dramatic cytoskeletal rearrangements, concomitant with platelet disintegration (death phase). Coincidentally with the platelet fragmentation, thrombin caused calpain activation but not activation of caspases 3 and 7. Our findings indicate that the late functional and structural damage of thrombin-activated platelets comprise a calpain-dependent platelet death pathway that shares some similarities with the programmed death of nucleated cells, but is unique to platelets, therefore representing a special form of cellular destruction. Fragmentation of activated platelets suggests that there is an underappreciated pathway of enhanced elimination of platelets from the circulation in (pro)thrombotic conditions once these cells have performed their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Kim
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,University of California Riverside, Department of Mathematics, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Tatiana A Nevzorova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Elmira R Mordakhanova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A Ponomareva
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation.,Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Izabella A Andrianova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Giang Le Minh
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Amina G Daminova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation.,Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alina D Peshkova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Mark S Alber
- University of California Riverside, Department of Mathematics, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Olga Vagin
- Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Physiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - John W Weisel
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Zhao J, Xu B, Chen G, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhao L, Zhou H. Cryopreserved platelets augment the inflammatory response: role of phosphatidylserine‐ and P‐selectin–mediated platelet phagocytosis in macrophages. Transfusion 2019; 59:1799-1808. [PMID: 30737804 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Zhao
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineAcademy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Bocong Xu
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineAcademy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Gan Chen
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineAcademy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineAcademy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Quan Wang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineAcademy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lian Zhao
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineAcademy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineAcademy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing China
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10
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Reiner AP, Johnson AD. Platelet Genomics. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Intrinsic apoptosis circumvents the functional decline of circulating platelets but does not cause the storage lesion. Blood 2018; 132:197-209. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-816355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
BAK/BAX depletion in murine platelets reveals that intrinsic apoptosis is not required for the development of the platelet storage lesion. Restriction of platelet life span by intrinsic apoptosis is pivotal to maintain a functional, hemostatically reactive platelet population.
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12
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Coagulopathy induced by traumatic brain injury: systemic manifestation of a localized injury. Blood 2018; 131:2001-2006. [PMID: 29507078 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-784108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced coagulopathy is a common and well-recognized risk for poor clinical outcomes, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and treatment options are limited and ineffective. We discuss the recent progress and knowledge gaps in understanding this lethal complication of TBI. We focus on (1) the disruption of the brain-blood barrier to disseminate brain injury systemically by releasing brain-derived molecules into the circulation and (2) TBI-induced hypercoagulable and hyperfibrinolytic states that result in persistent and delayed intracranial hemorrhage and systemic bleeding.
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13
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Mechanisms of platelet clearance and translation to improve platelet storage. Blood 2018; 131:1512-1521. [PMID: 29475962 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-743229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of billions of platelets are cleared daily from circulation via efficient and highly regulated mechanisms. These mechanisms may be stimulated by exogenous reagents or environmental changes to accelerate platelet clearance, leading to thrombocytopenia. The interplay between antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and proapoptotic molecules Bax and Bak sets an internal clock for the platelet lifespan, and BH3-only proteins, mitochondrial permeabilization, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure may also contribute to apoptosis-induced platelet clearance. Binding of plasma von Willebrand factor or antibodies to the ligand-binding domain of glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) on platelets can activate GPIb-IX in a shear-dependent manner by inducing unfolding of the mechanosensory domain therein, and trigger downstream signaling in the platelet including desialylation and PS exposure. Deglycosylated platelets are recognized by the Ashwell-Morell receptor and potentially other scavenger receptors, and are rapidly cleared by hepatocytes and/or macrophages. Inhibitors of platelet clearance pathways, including inhibitors of GPIbα shedding, neuraminidases, and platelet signaling, are efficacious at preserving the viability of platelets during storage and improving their recovery and survival in vivo. Overall, common mechanisms of platelet clearance have begun to emerge, suggesting potential strategies to extend the shelf-life of platelets stored at room temperature or to enable refrigerated storage.
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14
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De Silva E, Kim H. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia: Focus on platelet apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 284:1-11. [PMID: 29410286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a serious and potentially fatal complication of drug therapy that results either from a decrease in bone marrow platelet production or the excessive destruction of circulating platelets. Although multiple mechanisms are responsible for deregulated platelet clearance, the role of programmed platelet death (apoptosis) in drug-induced thrombocytopenia has been relatively under-investigated until recently. Here we review apoptotic signaling pathways in platelets, with a focus on current data that provide mechanistic insights into drug-induced apoptosis and thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoli De Silva
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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15
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Zhou Y, Cai W, Zhao Z, Hilton T, Wang M, Yeon J, Liu W, Zhang F, Shi FD, Wu X, Thiagarajan P, Li M, Zhang J, Dong JF. Lactadherin promotes microvesicle clearance to prevent coagulopathy and improves survival of severe TBI mice. Blood 2018; 131:563-572. [PMID: 29162596 PMCID: PMC5794502 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-801738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulopathy is common in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and predicts poor clinical outcomes. We have shown that brain-derived extracellular microvesicles, including extracellular mitochondria, play a key role in the development of TBI-induced coagulopathy. Here, we further show in mouse models that the apoptotic cell-scavenging factor lactadherin, given at a single dose of 400 μg/kg 30 minutes before (preconditioning) or 30 minutes after cerebral fluid percussion injury, prevented coagulopathy as defined by clotting time, fibrinolysis, intravascular fibrin deposition, and microvascular bleeding of the lungs. Lactadherin also reduced cerebral edema, improved neurological function, and increased survival. It achieved these protective effects by enhancing the clearance of circulating microvesicles through phosphatidylserine-mediated phagocytosis. Together, these results identify the scavenging system for apoptotic cells as a potential therapeutic target to prevent TBI-induced coagulopathy and improve the outcome of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of Pathology, Lanzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Min Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Lanzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jason Yeon
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin, China
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Fangyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - Perumal Thiagarajan
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX; and
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pathology, Lanzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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16
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Apoptosis in megakaryocytes and platelets: the life and death of a lineage. Blood 2017; 131:605-610. [PMID: 29259001 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-742684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their profoundly different cellular composition, size, and function, megakaryocytes and platelets both depend on restraint of the intrinsic (or "mitochondrial") apoptosis pathway by BCL-2 family prosurvival proteins for their development and viability. Activation of the pathway contributes to the clearance of megakaryocytes following platelet shedding and constrains platelet lifespan in the circulation. Important questions remain as to how apoptosis is initiated in these cells at steady state and in response to pathophysiological insults.
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17
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Anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members in development. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:37-45. [PMID: 29099482 PMCID: PMC5729530 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 30 years ago it was first appreciated that anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) prevents the induction of apoptosis not only in malignant cells, but also in normal cellular lineages. This critical observation has rapidly evolved from merely identifying new BCL-2 family members to understanding how their biochemical interactions trigger the cell death process, and, more recently, to pharmacological inhibition of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 function in disease. Indeed, the proper regulation of apoptosis is important in many aspects of life including development, homeostasis, and disease biology. To better understand these processes, scientists have used many tools to assess the contribution of individual anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. This review will focus on the prominent roles for BCL-2 and other pro-survival family members in promoting the development of mammals during early embryogenesis, neurogenesis, and hematopoiesis.
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18
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Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Tian Y, Li M, Dong JF, Zhang J. Cellular microparticles and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Protein Cell 2017; 8:801-810. [PMID: 28466387 PMCID: PMC5676589 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The finding that cellular microparticles (MPs) generated by injured cells profoundly impact on pathological courses of TBI has paved the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. MPs are subcellular fragments or organelles that serve as carriers of lipids, adhesive receptors, cytokines, nucleic acids, and tissue-degrading enzymes that are unique to the parental cells. Their sub-micron sizes allow MPs to travel to areas that parental cells are unable to reach to exercise diverse biological functions. In this review, we summarize recent developments in identifying a casual role of MPs in the pathologies of TBI and suggest that MPs serve as a new class of therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of TBI and associated systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,BloodWorks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,BloodWorks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- BloodWorks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA. .,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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19
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Slowed decay of mRNAs enhances platelet specific translation. Blood 2017; 129:e38-e48. [PMID: 28213379 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-736108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cytoplasmic fragments that lack genomic DNA, but continue to synthesize protein using a pool of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), ribosomes, and regulatory small RNAs inherited from the precursor megakaryocyte (MK). The regulatory processes that shape the platelet transcriptome and the full scope of platelet translation have remained elusive. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and ribosome profiling of primary human platelets, we show the platelet transcriptome encompasses a subset of transcripts detected by RNA-Seq analysis of in vitro-derived MK cells and that these platelet-enriched transcripts are broadly occupied by ribosomes. We use RNA-Seq of synchronized populations of in vitro-derived platelet-like particles to show that mRNA decay strongly shapes the nascent platelet transcriptome. Our data suggest that the decay of platelet mRNAs is slowed by the natural loss of the mRNA surveillance and ribosome rescue factor Pelota.
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20
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The immunogenicity of platelet-derived FVIII in hemophilia A mice with or without preexisting anti-FVIII immunity. Blood 2015; 127:1346-54. [PMID: 26668132 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-662916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that factor VIII (FVIII) ectopically expressed in platelets (2bF8) is therapeutic in FVIII(null) mice even with anti-FVIII inhibitory antibodies (inhibitors). If current efforts to generate platelets in vitro succeed, genetically manipulated platelets containing FVIII may be used therapeutically in hemophilia A patients with inhibitors. One important concern is the immunogenicity of platelet-derived FVIII. To address this concern, we infused 2bF8 transgenic (2bF8(Tg)) platelets into naïve FVIII(null) mice weekly for 8 weeks. No anti-FVIII antibodies were detected in the infused animals during the study course. We then explored whether platelet-derived FVIII is immunogenic in FVIII(null) mice with inhibitors. The 2bF8(Tg) platelets were transfused into rhF8-primed FVIII(null) mice, resulting in no augmentation of anti-FVIII antibodies. To investigate whether preconditioning affects the immune response, animals were sublethally irradiated and subsequently transfused with 2bF8(Tg) platelets. No anti-FVIII antibodies were detected in the recipients after platelet infusions. Following further challenge with rhF8, the inhibitor titer in this group was significantly lower than in naïve FVIII(null) mice utilizing the same immunization protocol. Thus, our data demonstrate that infusion of platelets containing FVIII triggers neither primary nor memory anti-FVIII immune response in FVIII(null) mice and that sublethal irradiation plus 2bF8(Tg) platelet infusion suppresses anti-FVIII immune response in FVIII(null) mice.
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21
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Liu Y, Park JM, Chang KH, Huh HJ, Lee K, Lee MY. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates the Antiplatelet Effects of the Thiazolidinediones Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:313-21. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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22
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Liu Y, Park JM, Chang KH, Chin YW, Lee MY. α- and γ-mangostin cause shape changes, inhibit aggregation and induce cytolysis of rat platelets. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:240-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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23
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Liu Y, Park JM, Oh SJ, Chang KH, Lee MY. Antiplatelet effect of a newly developed AMP-activated protein kinase activator YLF-466D. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 760:81-7. [PMID: 25913239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as a major regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. In platelets, AMPK activation stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and its downstream signaling, and thereby inhibits platelet aggregation. In this study, a newly developed AMPK activator 3-[[(3E)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethylene]-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-indol-1-yl]methyl]-benzoic acid (YLF-466D) was tested for its antiplatelet activity. Treatment of isolated platelets with YLF-466D resulted in AMPK activation in a concentration-dependent manner in a range of 50-150 μM. Under the same experimental condition, YLF-466D effectively inhibited aggregation induced by platelet agonists including thrombin, ADP and collagen. Such AMPK activation and aggregation inhibition were abolished by pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitors compound C (CC) and ara-A, indicating that antiaggregatory effect of YLF-466D is mediated by AMPK. YLF-466D induced an activation-dependent eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177, an elevation of cyclic nucleotides cGMP and cAMP, and subsequent phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at Ser239 and Ser157. All these events were prevented by CC and ara-A. In addition to isolated platelets, YLF-466D attenuated whole blood aggregation induced by collagen. Taken together, YLF-466D is capable of inhibiting platelet aggregation by activating AMPK and its downstream eNOS-cGMP-PKG signaling axis. This study reconfirms the antiplatelet activity of AMPK activators and suggests the potential application of YLF-466D to antiplatelet therapy, although the in vivo and clinical validation remains to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jeong Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Kumari S, Chaurasia SN, Nayak MK, Mallick RL, Dash D. Sirtuin Inhibition Induces Apoptosis-like Changes in Platelets and Thrombocytopenia. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12290-9. [PMID: 25829495 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.615948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved NAD(+)-dependent acetyl-lysine deacetylases that belong to class III type histone deacetylases. In humans, seven sirtuin isoforms (Sirt1 to Sirt7) have been identified. Sirtinol, a cell-permeable lactone ring derived from naphthol, is a dual Sirt1/Sirt2 inhibitor of low potency, whereas EX-527 is a potent and selective Sirt1 inhibitor. Here we demonstrate that Sirt1, Sirt2, and Sirt3 are expressed in enucleate platelets. Both sirtinol and EX-527 induced apoptosis-like changes in platelets, as revealed by enhanced annexin V binding, reactive oxygen species production, and drop in mitochondrial transmembrane potential. These changes were associated with increased phagocytic clearance of the platelets by macrophages. Expression of acetylated p53 and the conformationally active form of Bax were found to be significantly higher in both sirtinol- and EX-527-treated platelets, implicating the p53-Bax axis in apoptosis induced by sirtuin inhibitors. Administration of either sirtinol or EX-527 in mice led to a reduction in both platelet count and the number of reticulated platelets. Our results, for the first time, implicate sirtuins as a central player in the determination of platelet aging. Because sirtuin inhibitors are being evaluated for their antitumor activity, this study refocuses attention on the potential side effect of sirtuin inhibition in delimiting platelet life span and management of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Kumari
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Susheel N Chaurasia
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Manasa K Nayak
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ram L Mallick
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Debabrata Dash
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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25
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TAILS N-terminomics of human platelets reveals pervasive metalloproteinase-dependent proteolytic processing in storage. Blood 2014; 124:e49-60. [PMID: 25331112 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-569640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases, and specifically metalloproteinases, have been linked to the loss of platelet function during storage before transfusion, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We used a dedicated N-terminomics technique, iTRAQ terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS), to characterize the human platelet N-terminome, proteome, and posttranslational modifications throughout platelet storage over 9 days under blood-banking conditions. From the identified 2938 proteins and 7503 unique peptides, we characterized N-terminal methionine excision, co- and posttranslational Nα acetylation, protein maturation, and proteolytic processing of proteins in human platelets. We also identified for the first time 10 proteins previously classified by the Human Proteome Organization as "missing" in the human proteome. Most N termini (77%) were internal neo-N termini (105 were novel potential alternative translation start sites, and 2180 represented stable proteolytic products), thus highlighting a prominent yet previously uncharacterized role of proteolytic processing during platelet storage. Protease inhibitor studies revealed metalloproteinases as being primarily responsible for proteolytic processing (as opposed to degradation) during storage. System-wide identification of metalloproteinase and other proteinase substrates and their respective cleavage sites suggests novel mechanisms of the effect of proteases on protein activity and platelet function during storage. All data sets and metadata are available through ProteomeXchange with the data set identifier PXD000906.
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26
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Nayak MK, Dash A, Singh N, Dash D. Aspirin delimits platelet life span by proteasomal inhibition. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105049. [PMID: 25126950 PMCID: PMC4134270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin is widely used in clinical settings as an anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet drug due its inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase activity. Although the drug has long been considered to be an effective and safe therapeutic regime against inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders, consequences of its cyclooxygenase-independent attributes on platelets, the key players in thrombogenesis, beg serious investigation. In this report we explored the effect of aspirin on platelet lifespan in murine model and its possible cytotoxicity against human platelets in vitro. Aspirin administration in mice led to significant reduction in half-life of circulating platelets, indicative of enhanced rate of platelet clearance. Aspirin-treated human platelets were found to be phagocytosed more efficiently by macrophages, associated with attenuation in platelet proteasomal activity and upregulation of conformationally active Bax, which were consistent with enhanced platelet apoptosis. Although the dosage of aspirin administered in mice was higher than the therapeutic regimen against cardiovascular events, it is comparable with the recommended anti-inflammatory prescription. Thus, above observations provide cautionary framework to critically re-evaluate prophylactic and therapeutic dosage regime of aspirin in systemic inflammatory as well as cardiovascular ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa K Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ayusman Dash
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Nitesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Debabrata Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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27
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Zhuang Y, Ren G, Li H, Tian K, Zhang Y, Qiao W, Nie X, Liu Y, Song Y, Zhu C. In vitro properties of apheresis platelet during extended storage in plasma treated with anandamide. Transfus Apher Sci 2014; 51:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Fischer A, Tafelmeier M, Orsó E, Konovalova T, Böttcher A, Liebisch G, Reidel A, Schmitz G. High-density lipoprotein 3 and apolipoprotein A-I alleviate platelet storage lesion and release of platelet extracellular vesicles. Transfusion 2014; 54:2301-14. [PMID: 24912423 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stored platelet (PLT) concentrates (PLCs) for transfusion develop a PLT storage lesion (PSL), decreasing PLT viability and function with profound lipidomic changes and PLT extracellular vesicle (PL-EV) release. High-density lipoprotein 3 (HDL3 ) improves PLT homeostasis through silencing effects on PLT activation in vivo. This prompted us to investigate HDL3 and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) as PSL-antagonizing agents. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Healthy donor PLCs were split into low-volume standard PLC storage bags and incubated with native (n)HDL3 or apoA-I from plasma ethanol fractionation (precipitate IV) for 5 days under standard blood banking conditions. Flow cytometry, Born aggregometry, and lipid mass spectrometry were carried out to analyze PL-EV release, PLT aggregation, agonist-induced PLT surface marker expression, and PLT and plasma lipid compositions. RESULTS Compared to control, added nHDL3 and apoA-I significantly reduced PL-EV release by up to -62% during 5 days, correlating with the added apoA-I concentration. At the lipid level, nHDL3 and apoA-I antagonized PLT lipid loss (+12%) and decreased cholesteryl ester (CE)/free cholesterol (FC) ratios (-69%), whereas in plasma polyunsaturated/saturated CE ratios increased (+3%) and CE 16:0/20:4 ratios decreased (-5%). Administration of nHDL3 increased PLT bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate/phosphatidylglycerol (+102%) and phosphatidic acid/lysophosphatidic acid (+255%) ratios and improved thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6-induced PLT aggregation (+5%). CONCLUSION nHDL3 and apoA-I improve PLT membrane homeostasis and intracellular lipid processing and increase CE efflux, antagonizing PSL-related reduction in PLT viability and function and PL-EV release. We suggest uptake and catabolism of nHDL3 into the PLT open canalicular system. As supplement in PLCs, nHDL3 or apoA-I from Fraction IV of plasma ethanol fractionation have the potential to improve PLC quality to prolong storage.
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29
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Kraemer BF, Weyrich AS, Lindemann S. Protein degradation systems in platelets. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:920-4. [PMID: 24048267 DOI: 10.1160/th13-03-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein synthesis and degradation are essential processes that allow cells to survive and adapt to their surrounding milieu. In nucleated cells, the degradation and/or cleavage of proteins is required to eliminate aberrant proteins. Cells also degrade proteins as a mechanism for cell signalling and complex cellular functions. Although the last decade has convincingly shown that platelets synthesise proteins, the roles of protein degradation in these anucleate cytoplasts are less clear. Here we review what is known about protein degradation in platelets placing particular emphasis on the proteasome and the cysteine protease calpain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Kraemer
- Andrew Weyrich, MD, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Building 533 Room 4220, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA, Tel: +1 801 5850702, Fax: +1 801 5850701, E-mail:
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30
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Gyulkhandanyan AV, Mutlu A, Freedman J, Leytin V. Selective triggering of platelet apoptosis, platelet activation or both. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:245-54. [PMID: 23398569 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Anucleate platelets perform two fundamental processes, activation and apoptosis. We elaborated an approach for selective and concurrent stimulation of platelet apoptosis and/or activation, processes important in haemostasis and platelet clearance. Human platelets were treated with BH3 mimetic ABT-737, thrombin, calcium ionophore A23187 and matched diluents. Apoptosis was determined as mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization and activation as P-selectin exposure. At optimal treatment conditions (90-180 min, 37°C), ABT-737 predominantly induced apoptosis, when 77-81% platelets undergo only ΔΨm depolarization. The ABT-737 impact on ΔΨm depolarization is strongly time- and temperature-dependent, and much higher at 37°C than at room temperature. In contrast, when platelets were treated with thrombin for 15-90 min at either temperature, activation-only was predominantly (79-85%) induced, whereas A23187 triggers both apoptosis and activation (73-81%) when platelets were treated for 15-60 min at 37°C or 15-90 min at room temperature. These data demonstrate that, depending on the triggering stimulus, platelets predominantly undergo ΔΨm depolarization-only, P-selectin exposure-only, or both responses, indicating that platelet apoptosis and activation are different phenomena driven by different mechanisms. The described model provides a basis for studying differential pharmacological manipulation of platelet apoptosis and activation and their role in haemostasis, thrombosis and platelet clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen V Gyulkhandanyan
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Zheng Y, Humphry M, Maguire JJ, Bennett MR, Clarke MCH. Intracellular interleukin-1 receptor 2 binding prevents cleavage and activity of interleukin-1α, controlling necrosis-induced sterile inflammation. Immunity 2013; 38:285-95. [PMID: 23395675 PMCID: PMC3659285 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis can induce profound inflammation or be clinically silent. However, the mechanisms underlying such tissue specificity are unknown. Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is a key danger signal released upon necrosis that exerts effects on both innate and adaptive immunity and is considered to be constitutively active. In contrast, we have shown that necrosis-induced IL-1α activity is tightly controlled in a cell type-specific manner. Most cell types examined expressed a cytosolic IL-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2) whose binding to pro-IL-1α inhibited its cytokine activity. In cell types exhibiting a silent necrotic phenotype, IL-1R2 remained associated with pro-IL-1α. Cell types possessing inflammatory necrotic phenotypes either lacked IL-1R2 or had activated caspase-1 before necrosis, which degraded and dissociated IL-1R2 from pro-IL-1α. Full IL-1α activity required cleavage by calpain after necrosis, which increased its affinity for IL-1 receptor 1. Thus, we report a cell type-dependent process that fundamentally governs IL-1α activity postnecrosis and the mechanism allowing conditional release of this blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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32
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Nayak MK, Kulkarni PP, Dash D. Regulatory role of proteasome in determination of platelet life span. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:6826-34. [PMID: 23329846 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.403154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Limit of platelet life span (8-10 days) is determined by the activity of a putative "internal clock" composed of Bcl-2 family proteins, whereas the role of other molecular players in this process remains obscure. Here, we sought to establish a central role of proteasome in platelet life span regulation. Administration of mice with inhibitors of proteasome peptidase activity induced significant thrombocytopenia. This was associated with enhanced clearance of biotin-labeled platelets from circulation and reduction in average platelet half-life from 66 to 37 h. Cells pretreated in vitro with proteasome inhibitors exhibited augmented annexin V binding and a drop in mitochondrial transmembrane potential indicative of apoptotic cell death and decreased platelet life span. These cells were preferentially phagocytosed by monocyte-derived macrophages, thus linking proteasome activity with platelet survival. The decisive role of proteasome in this process was underscored from enhanced expression of conformationally active Bax in platelets with attenuated proteasome activity, which was consistent with pro-apoptotic phenotype of these cells. The present study establishes a critical role of proteasome in delimiting platelet life span ostensibly through constitutive elimination of the conformationally active Bax. These findings bear potential implications in clinical settings where proteasome peptidase activities are therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa K Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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33
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Faille D, El-Assaad F, Mitchell AJ, Alessi MC, Chimini G, Fusai T, Grau GE, Combes V. Endocytosis and intracellular processing of platelet microparticles by brain endothelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1731-8. [PMID: 21883894 PMCID: PMC3822686 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived microparticles (PMP) bind and modify the phenotype of many cell types including endothelial cells. Recently, we showed that PMP were internalized by human brain endothelial cells (HBEC). Here we intend to better characterize the internalization mechanisms of PMP and their intracellular fate. Confocal microscopy analysis of PKH67-labelled PMP distribution in HBEC showed PMP in early endosome antigen 1 positive endosomes and in LysoTracker-labelled lysosomes, confirming a role for endocytosis in PMP internalization. No fusion of calcein-loaded PMP with HBEC membranes was observed. Quantification of PMP endocytosis using flow cytometry revealed that it was partially inhibited by trypsin digestion of PMP surface proteins and by extracellular Ca2+ chelation by EDTA, suggesting a partial role for receptor-mediated endocytosis in PMP uptake. This endocytosis was independent of endothelial receptors such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and was not increased by tumour necrosis factor stimulation of HBEC. Platelet-derived microparticle internalization was dramatically increased in the presence of decomplemented serum, suggesting a role for PMP opsonin-dependent phagocytosis. Platelet-derived microparticle uptake was greatly diminished by treatment of HBEC with cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of microfilament formation required for both phagocytosis and macropinocytosis, with methyl-β-cyclodextrin that depletes membrane cholesterol needed for macropinocytosis and with amiloride that inhibits the Na+/H+ exchanger involved in macropinocytosis. In conclusion, PMP are taken up by active endocytosis in HBEC, involving mechanisms consistent with both phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. These findings identify new processes by which PMP could modify endothelial cell phenotype and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Faille
- Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
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Zhang J, Jiang R, Liu L, Watkins T, Zhang F, Dong JF. Traumatic brain injury-associated coagulopathy. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:2597-605. [PMID: 23020190 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury is a common cause of coagulopathy, primarily due to blood loss and hemodilution secondary to fluid resuscitation. Traumatic injury-associated coagulopathy often follows a course of transition from hyper- to hypocoagulable state exemplified in disseminated intravascular coagulation. The incidence of coagulopathy is significantly higher in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially those with penetrating trauma compared to injury to the trunk and limbs. This occurs despite the fact that patients with isolated TBI bleed less and receive restricted volume load of fluids. TBI-associated coagulopathy is extensively documented to associate with poor clinical outcomes, but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Studies in the past have shown that brain tissue is highly enriched in key procoagulant molecules. This review focuses on the biochemical and cellular characteristics of these molecules and pathways that could make brain uniquely procoagulant and prone to coagulopathy. Understanding this unique procoagulant environment will help to identify new therapeutic targets that could reverse a state of coagulopathy with minimal impacts on hemostasis, a critical requirement for neurosurgical treatments of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University and Tianjin Neurology Institute, Tianjin, China
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Catricala S, Torti M, Ricevuti G. Alzheimer disease and platelets: how's that relevant. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2012; 9:20. [PMID: 22985434 PMCID: PMC3545835 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, and account for 60% to 70% of all cases of progressive cognitive impairment in elderly patients. At the microscopic level distinctive features of AD are neurons and synapses degeneration, together with extensive amounts of senile plaques and neurofibrillars tangles. The degenerative process probably starts 20-30 years before the clinical onset of the disease. Senile plaques are composed of a central core of amyloid β peptide, Aβ, derived from the metabolism of the larger amyloid precursor protein, APP, which is expressed not only in the brain, but even in non neuronal tissues. More than 30 years ago, some studies reported that human platelets express APP and all the enzymatic activities necessary to process this protein through the same pathways described in the brain. Since then a large number of evidence has been accumulated to suggest that platelets may be a good peripheral model to study the metabolism of APP, and the pathophysiology of the onset of AD. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the involvement of platelets in Alzheimer Disease. Although platelets are generally accepted as a suitable model for AD, the current scientific interest on this model is very high, because many concepts still remain debated and controversial. At the same time, however, these still unsolved divergences mirror a difficulty to establish constant parameters to better defined the role of platelets in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Catricala
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Geriatrics, University of Pavia, ASP-IDR S,Margherita, Via Emilia 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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Gyulkhandanyan AV, Mutlu A, Freedman J, Leytin V. Markers of platelet apoptosis: methodology and applications. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 33:397-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alonzo MTG, Lacuesta TLV, Dimaano EM, Kurosu T, Suarez LAC, Mapua CA, Akeda Y, Matias RR, Kuter DJ, Nagata S, Natividad FF, Oishi K. Platelet apoptosis and apoptotic platelet clearance by macrophages in secondary dengue virus infections. J Infect Dis 2012; 205:1321-9. [PMID: 22383677 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of thrombocytopenia and platelet phagocytosis in dengue illness are not fully understood. METHODS A prospective hospital-based study was conducted to examine the relationships between platelet counts, serum thrombopoietin (TPO) levels, and platelet apoptosis and phagocytosis in 81 patients with secondary dengue virus (DV) infections and 38 healthy volunteers. The apoptosis and phagocytosis of cultured platelets after exposure to DV were also examined. RESULTS Platelet apoptosis, platelet phagocytosis, and serum TPO levels were increased significantly in patients during the acute and early convalescence phases compared with levels observed in patients during the convalescence phase and in healthy volunteers. A significant correlation between platelet apoptosis and platelet phagocytosis was also observed in these patients. Platelet phagocytosis was inhibited significantly by the D89E mutant, which carries a point mutation in the RGD motif of milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8, a phosphatidylserine-recognizing bridge molecule. DV-induced platelet apoptosis and increased phagocytosis of DV-induced apoptotic platelets was confirmed using in vitro assays. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest an increased phagocytosis of DV-induced apoptotic platelets by macrophages via a phosphatidylserine-recognizing pathway in secondary DV infection. Accelerated platelet clearance, however, was overcome by TPO-induced enhanced thrombopoiesis in these patients. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION UMIN000004835.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Terrese G Alonzo
- Laboratory for Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
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Towhid ST, Schmidt EM, Schmid E, Münzer P, Qadri SM, Borst O, Lang F. Thymoquinone-induced platelet apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3112-21. [PMID: 21688304 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is a nutrient with anticarcinogenic activity that stimulates suicidal death of tumor cells. Moreover, TQ triggers suicidal death of erythrocytes or eryptosis, an effect at least partially due to increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) activity and ceramide formation. The present experiments explored whether TQ influences apoptosis of blood platelets. Cell membrane scrambling was determined utilizing Annexin V binding to phosphatidylserine exposing platelets, cytosolic Ca(2+) activity utilizing Fluo 3-AM fluorescence, caspase activity utilizing immunofluorescence and Western blotting of active caspase-3 and inactive procaspase-3, mitochondrial potential utilizing DiOC(6) fluorescence and ceramide by FACS analysis of ceramide-binding antibodies. A 30 min exposure to TQ (≥5 µM) was followed by Annexin V binding, paralleled by caspase activation, increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) activity, mitochondrial depolarization, and ceramide formation. P-selectin exposure and integrin α(IIb) β(3) activation did not increase in response to TQ. Nominal absence of extracellular Ca(2+) blunted but did not fully abolish the TQ-induced activation of caspase-3. The effects of TQ on platelets are significantly abolished with phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin and G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) inhibitor pertussis toxin treatment prior to TQ stimulation. In conclusion, TQ triggers suicidal death of blood platelets in a PI3K-dependent manner, possibly through a GPCR family receptor; an effect paralleled by increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) activity, ceramide formation, mitochondrial depolarization, and caspase-3 activation.
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Reid S, Johnson L, Woodland N, Marks DC. Pathogen reduction treatment of buffy coat platelet concentrates in additive solution induces proapoptotic signaling. Transfusion 2012; 52:2094-103. [PMID: 22320126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen reduction technology (PRT) can potentially reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections. However, PRT treatment of platelet (PLT) concentrates also results in reduced PLT quality and increased markers of apoptosis during storage. The aim of this study was to investigate changes to the expression and activation of proteins involved in apoptosis signaling. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Samples from riboflavin and ultraviolet light PRT-treated and untreated (control) buffy coat-derived PCs in 70% SSP+ and 30% plasma were taken on Days 1, 5, and 7 of storage. Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, and cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-3 substrates were analyzed using flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS Compared to untreated controls, markers of apoptosis signaling were increased after PRT and subsequent storage. PS exposure on the PLT outer membrane was significantly higher after PRT on Days 5 and 7 of storage (p < 0.05). Expression of proapoptotic Bak and Bax was higher after PRT and subsequent storage. Cytochrome c release and caspase-3 cleavage were also greater and occurred earlier in the PRT-treated PLTs. The cleavage of caspase-3 substrates gelsolin and ROCK I were also increased after PRT, compared to untreated controls. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated an increase in proapoptotic signaling during PLT storage, which was exacerbated by PRT. Many of these differences emerged outside the current 5-day storage period. These changes may not currently influence PLT transfusion quality, but will need to be carefully evaluated when considering extending PLT storage beyond 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Reid
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, and the School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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40
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Abstract
For many years, programmed cell death, known as apoptosis, was attributed exclusively to nucleated cells. Currently, however, apoptosis is also well-documented in anucleate platelets. This review describes extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis in nucleated cells and in platelets, platelet apoptosis induced by multiple chemical stimuli and shear stresses, markers of platelet apoptosis, mitochodrial control of platelet apoptosis, and apoptosis mediated by platelet surface receptors PAR-1, GPIIbIIIa and GPIbα. In addition, this review presents data on platelet apoptosis provoked by aging of platelets in vitro during platelet storage, platelet apoptosis in pathological settings in humans and animal models, and inhibition of platelet apoptosis by cyclosporin A, intravenous immunoglobulin and GPIIbIIIa antagonist drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Leytin
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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BCL2/BCL-X(L) inhibition induces apoptosis, disrupts cellular calcium homeostasis, and prevents platelet activation. Blood 2011; 117:7145-54. [PMID: 21562047 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-344812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis in megakaryocytes results in the formation of platelets. The role of apoptotic pathways in platelet turnover and in the apoptotic-like changes seen after platelet activation is poorly understood. ABT-263 (Navitoclax), a specific inhibitor of antiapoptotic BCL2 proteins, which is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of leukemia and other malignancies, induces a dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. In this study, the relationship between BCL2/BCL-X(L) inhibition, apoptosis, and platelet activation was investigated. Exposure to ABT-263 induced apoptosis but repressed platelet activation by physiologic agonists. Notably, ABT-263 induced an immediate calcium response in platelets and the depletion of intracellular calcium stores, indicating that on BCL2/BCL-X(L) inhibition platelet activation is abrogated because of a diminished calcium signaling. By comparing the effects of ABT-263 and its analog ABT-737 on platelets and leukemia cells from the same donor, we show, for the first time, that these BCL2/BCL-X(L) inhibitors do not offer any selective toxicity but induce apoptosis at similar concentrations in leukemia cells and platelets. However, reticulated platelets are less sensitive to apoptosis, supporting the hypothesis that treatment with ABT-263 induces a selective loss of older platelets and providing an explanation for the transient thrombocytopenia observed on ABT-263 treatment.
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Goh YC, Yap CT, Huang BH, Cronshaw AD, Leung BP, Lai PBS, Hart SP, Dransfield I, Ross JA. Heat-shock protein 60 translocates to the surface of apoptotic cells and differentiated megakaryocytes and stimulates phagocytosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1581-92. [PMID: 20953657 PMCID: PMC11114798 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a highly conserved stress protein which has chaperone functions in prokaryotes and mammalian cells. Hsp60 is associated with the mitochondria and the plasma membrane through phosphorylation by protein kinase A, and is incorporated into lipid membranes as a protein-folding chaperone. Its diverse intracellular chaperone functions include the secretion of proteins where it maintains the conformation of precursors and facilitates their translocation through the plasma membrane. We report here that Hsp60 is concentrated in apoptotic membrane blebs and translocates to the surface of cells undergoing apoptosis. Hsp60 is also enriched in platelets derived from terminally differentiated megakaryocytes and expressed at the surface of senescent platelets. Furthermore, the exposure of monocytic U937 cells to Hsp60 enhanced their phagocytic activity. Our results suggests that externalized Hsp60 in apoptotic cells and senescent platelets influences events subsequent to apoptosis, such as the clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Chong Goh
- Department of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bao Hua Huang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew D. Cronshaw
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bernard P. Leung
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul B. S. Lai
- Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Simon P. Hart
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Ian Dransfield
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James A. Ross
- Tissue Injury and Repair Group, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
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Johnson LN, Winter KM, Reid S, Hartkopf-Theis T, Marks DC. Cryopreservation of buffy-coat-derived platelet concentrates in dimethyl sulfoxide and platelet additive solution. Cryobiology 2011; 62:100-6. [PMID: 21241687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Platelets prepared in plasma can be frozen in 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me(2)SO) and stored for extended periods at -80°C. The aim of this study was to reduce the plasma present in the cryopreserved product, by substituting plasma with platelet additive solution (PAS; SSP+), whilst maintaining in vitro platelet quality. Buffy coat-derived pooled leukoreduced platelet concentrates were frozen in a mixture of SSP+, plasma and 6% Me(2)SO. The platelets were concentrated, to avoid post-thaw washing, and frozen at -80°C. The cryopreserved platelet units (n=9) were rapidly thawed at 37°C, reconstituted in 50% SSP+/plasma and stored at 22°C. Platelet recovery and quality were examined 1 and 24h post-thaw and compared to the pre-freeze samples. Upon thawing, platelet recovery ranged from 60% to 80%. However, there were differences between frozen and liquid-stored platelets, including a reduction in aggregation in response to ADP and collagen; increased CD62P expression; decreased viability; increased apoptosis and some loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Some recovery of these parameters was detected at 24h post-thaw, indicating an extended shelf-life may be possible. The data suggests that freezing platelets in 6% Me(2)SO and additive solution produces acceptable in vitro platelet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Johnson
- Research and Business Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, 153 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
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Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that most mammalian cells are capable of undergoing apoptosis and that, within particular lineages, specific apoptotic pathways have evolved to regulate survival and turnover. The role of apoptosis in the megakaryocyte lineage is an intriguing one. Various insults, such as chemotherapeutics, autoantibodies, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have been suggested to induce the apoptotic death of megakaryocytes and/or their progenitors. Conversely, apoptotic processes have been implicated in megakaryocyte development and platelet production. Platelets also contain functional apoptotic pathways, which circumscribe their survival. It has even been suggested that platelet activation responses involve components of the apoptotic machinery, highlighting a potential role for apoptotic processes in hemostasis and thrombosis. This review discusses the current state of knowledge about how apoptosis and apoptotic proteins contribute to the generation and function of megakaryocytes and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J White
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Lu Y, Wang W, Mao H, Hu H, Wu Y, Chen BG, Liu Z. Antibody-mediated platelet phagocytosis by human macrophages is inhibited by siRNA specific for sequences in the SH2 tyrosine kinase, Syk. Cell Immunol 2011; 268:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an effective treatment against immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Previous studies suggested that IVIg exerts this ameliorative role through 2 different leukocyte subsets. Dendritic cells (DCs) modulate the immunosuppression in an adoptive cell transfer model, and phagocytes up-regulate their inhibitory IgG Fc receptors (FcγR)IIB expression and thereby ameliorate the inflammatory response and platelet clearance. However, whether or not regulatory mechanisms exist among DCs, phagocytes, and platelets is still largely unknown. In this study we present findings that IVIg-primed splenic CD11c+ DCs (IVIg-DCs) primarily mediate their anti-inflammatory effects at the level of the platelet rather than the phagocyte. IVIg-DCs did not ameliorate ITP in Fcgr2b−/−, Fcgr3−/−, nor P-Selp−/− mice, implicating the potential involvement of these pathways in IVIg action. As platelets are a component of DC regulatory circuits, these findings may suggest an alternative perspective for the use of IVIg treatment.
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Scull CM, Hays WD, Fischer TH. Macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion is enhanced following interaction with autologous platelets. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:53. [PMID: 21067617 PMCID: PMC2988777 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are the dominant phagocyte at sites of wound healing and inflammation, and the cellular and acellular debris encountered by macrophages can have profound effects on their inflammatory profile. Following interaction with apoptotic cells, macrophages are known to switch to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Activated platelets, however, are also a major component of inflammatory lesions and have been proposed to be pro-inflammatory mediators. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that macrophage interaction with activated platelets results in an inflammatory response that differs from the response following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. METHODS Human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) were co-incubated with autologous activated platelets (AAPs) and the platelet-macrophage interaction was examined by electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23 were also measured during LPS-activated hMDM co-incubation with AAPs, which was compared to co-incubation with apoptotic lymphocytes. Cytokine secretion was also compared to platelets pre-treated with the gluococorticoid dexamethasone. RESULTS Macrophages trapped and phagocytized AAPs utilizing a mechanism that was significantly inhibited by the scavenger receptor ligand fucoidan. LPS-induced macrophage secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23 was inhibited by co-incubation with apoptotic cells, but enhanced by co-incubation with AAPs. The platelet-dependent enhancement of LPS-induced cytokines could be reversed by pre-loading the platelets with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS The interaction of human macrophages with autologous platelets results in scavenger-receptor-mediated platelet uptake and enhancement of LPS-induced cytokines. Therefore, the presence of activated platelets at sites of inflammation may exacerbate pro-inflammatory macrophage activation. The possibility of reversing macrophage activation with dexamethasone-loaded platelets is a promising therapeutic approach to treating unresolved inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Scull
- Francis Owen Blood Research Lab, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 University Lake Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
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van der Wal DE, DU VX, Lo KSL, Rasmussen JT, Verhoef S, Akkerman JWN. Platelet apoptosis by cold-induced glycoprotein Ibα clustering. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:2554-62. [PMID: 20735720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold-storage of platelets followed by rewarming induces changes in Glycoprotein (GP) Ibα-distribution indicative of receptor clustering and initiates thromboxane A(2) -formation. GPIbα is associated with 14-3-3 proteins, which contribute to GPIbα-signaling and in nucleated cells take part in apoptosis regulation. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We investigated whether GPIbα-clustering induces platelet apoptosis through 14-3-3 proteins during cold (4 h 0 °C)-rewarming (1 h 37 °C). RESULTS During cold-rewarming, 14-3-3 proteins associate with GPIbα and dissociate from Bad inducing Bad-dephosphorylation and activation. This initiates pro-apoptosis changes in Bax/Bcl-x(L) and Bax-translocation to the mitochondria, inducing cytochrome c release. The result is activation of caspase-9, which triggers phosphatidylserine exposure and platelet phagocytosis by macrophages. Responses are prevented by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GN), which blocks GPIbα-clustering, and by O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase, which removes extracellular GPIbα. CONCLUSIONS Cold-rewarming triggers apoptosis through a GN-sensitive GPIbα-change indicative of receptor clustering. Attempts to improve platelet transfusion by cold-storage should focus on prevention of the GPIbα-change.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E van der Wal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Cookson P, Sutherland J, Turner C, Bashir S, Wiltshire M, Hancock V, Smith K, Cardigan R. Platelet apoptosis and activation in platelet concentrates stored for up to 12 days in plasma or additive solution. Transfus Med 2010; 20:392-402. [PMID: 20738829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2010.01034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest that apoptosis of platelets occurs during storage of platelet concentrates (PC). We sought to determine whether storage of PC in additive solution alters levels of apoptosis during storage beyond the current shelf life (5-7 days). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Pooled buffy coat PC (n = 7) were prepared in either 100% plasma or 70% Composol and stored at 22 °C for 12 days. A third arm of the study stored PC in 100% plasma at 37 °C, which is thought to induce apoptosis. PC were tested for mitochrondrial membrane potential, annexin V binding, microparticles, caspase-3/7 activity and decoy cell death receptor 2, as well as standard platelet quality tests. RESULTS Composol units remained ≥pH 6·88, with 36% lower lactate and higher pH vs plasma by day 12 (P < 0·001). Platelet function was better maintained, and activation and apoptotic markers tended to be lower in Composol units towards the end of storage. However, levels of all apoptosis markers assessed were not significantly different in units stored in Composol. Storage at 37 °C saw stronger correlation of apoptotic markers with standard quality tests compared to 22 °C, but loss of correlation of caspase-3/7 activity with other apoptosis markers. CONCLUSION We conclude that storage of platelets in 70% Composol vs 100% plasma does not increase the rate of platelet apoptosis. Our data agree with other studies suggesting that platelet apoptosis is sequential to high levels of activation, but share a significant degree of overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cookson
- Components Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cresent Drive, Brentwood, Essex CM15 8DP, UK.
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Olas B, Malinowska J, Rywaniak J. Homocysteine and its thiolactone may promote apoptotic events in blood plateletsin vitro. Platelets 2010; 21:533-40. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2010.501119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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