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Xie X, Cui Q, Jiang T, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Liu J, Yao Q, Wang Y, Dang E, Wang G, Xiao L, Wang N. A critical role of the endothelial S-phase kinase-associated protein 2/phosphatase and tensin homologue axis in angiogenesis and psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:244-257. [PMID: 37850885 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disorder. Pathologically, it features abnormal epidermal proliferation, infiltrating inflammatory cells and increased angiogenesis in the dermis. Aberrant expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase and a dysregulated protein ubiquitination system are implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To examine the potential role of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), an E3 ligase and oncogene, in psoriasis. METHODS Gene expression and protein levels were evaluated with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining of skin samples from patients with psoriasis vulgaris and an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model, as well as from cultured endothelial cells (ECs). Protein interaction, substrate ubiquitination and degradation were examined using co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and a cycloheximide chase assay in human umbilical vein ECs. Angiogenesis was measured in vitro using human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMECs) for BrdU incorporation, migration and tube formation. In vivo angiogenesis assays included chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane, the Matrigel plug assay and quantification of vasculature in the mouse lesions. Skp2 gene global knockout (KO) mice and endothelial-specific conditional KO mice were used. RESULTS Skp2 was increased in skin samples from patients with psoriasis and IMQ-induced mouse lesions. Immunofluorescent double staining indicated a close association of Skp2 expression with excessive vascularity in the lesional dermal papillae. In HDMECs, Skp2 overexpression was enhanced, whereas Skp2 knockdown inhibited EC proliferation, migration and tube-like structure formation. Mechanistically, phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), which suppresses the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, was identified to be a novel substrate for Skp2-mediated ubiquitination. A selective inhibitor of Skp2 (C1) or Skp2 small interfering RNA significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor-triggered PTEN ubiquitination and degradation. In addition, Skp2-mediated ubiquitination depended on the phosphorylation of PTEN by glycogen synthase kinase 3β. In the mouse model, Skp2 gene deficiency alleviated IMQ-induced psoriasis. Importantly, tamoxifen-induced endothelial-specific Skp2 KO mice developed significantly ameliorated psoriasis with diminished angiogenesis of papillae. Furthermore, topical use of the Skp2 inhibitor C1 effectively prevented the experimental psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS The Skp2/PTEN axis may play an important role in psoriasis-associated angiogenesis. Thus, targeting Skp2-driven angiogenesis may be a potential approach to treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an , China
| | - Qi Cui
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian , China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian , China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian , China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian , China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an , China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an , China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- East China Normal University Health Science Center, Shanghai , China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an , China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an , China
| | - Lei Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an , China
| | - Nanping Wang
- East China Normal University Health Science Center, Shanghai , China
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Basu B, Kal S, Karmakar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. E3 ubiquitin ligases in lung cancer: Emerging insights and therapeutic opportunities. Life Sci 2024; 336:122333. [PMID: 38061537 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim In this review, we have attempted to provide the readers with an updated account of the role of a family of proteins known as E3 ligases in different aspects of lung cancer progression, along with insights into the deregulation of expression of these proteins during lung cancer. A detailed account of the therapeutic strategies involving E3 ligases that have been developed or currently under development has also been provided in this review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review article employs extensive literature search, along with differential gene expression analysis of lung cancer associated E3 ligases using the DESeq2 package in R, and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/). Protein expression analysis of CPTAC lung cancer samples was carried out using the UALCAN webtool (https://ualcan.path.uab.edu/index.html). Assessment of patient overall survival (OS) in response to high and low expression of selected E3 ligases was performed using the online Kaplan-Meier plotter (https://kmplot.com/analysis/index.php?p=background). KEY FINDINGS: SIGNIFICANCE: The review provides an in-depth understanding of the role of E3 ligases in lung cancer progression and an up-to-date account of the different therapeutic strategies targeting oncogenic E3 ligases for improved lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Basu
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Satadeepa Kal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24 Parganas, PIN -743372, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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3
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Kim JH, Yang HJ, Lee KW, Park JJ, Lee CH, Jeon YS, Kim JH, Park S, Song SJ, Lee JH, Moon A, Kim YH, Song YS. The Correlations between the Intensity of Histopathological Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 11 Staining and Progression of Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1703. [PMID: 38139829 PMCID: PMC10747236 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11), one of the principal phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deubiquitinases, can reserve PTEN polyubiquitination to maintain PTEN protein integrity and inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway activation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the associations between immunohistochemical USP11 staining intensities and prognostic indicators in individuals with prostate cancer. METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were performed for human prostate cancer and normal tissue (control) samples. Data on patient's age, Gleason score, plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA) titer, disease stage, and presence of seminal vesicles, lymph nodes, and surgical margin involvement were collected. A pathologist who was blinded to the clinical outcome data scored the TMA for USP11 staining intensity as either positive or negative. RESULTS Cancerous tissues exhibited lower USP11 staining intensity, whereas the neighboring benign peri-tumoral tissues showed higher USP11 staining intensity. The degree of USP11 staining intensity was lower in patients with a higher PSA titer, higher Gleason score, or more advanced disease stage. Patients who showed positive USP11 staining were more likely to have more optimal clinical and biochemical recurrence-free survival statistics. CONCLUSIONS USP11 staining intensity in patients with prostate cancer is negatively associated with several prognostic factors such as an elevated PSA titer and a high Gleason score. It also reflects both biochemical and clinical recurrence-free survival in such patients. Thus, USP11 staining is a valuable prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04404, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Hee Jo Yang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joon Park
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04404, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Chang-Ho Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Soo Jeon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Gumi 39371, Republic of Korea;
| | - Suyeon Park
- Department of Data Innovation, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04404, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Song
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ahrim Moon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04404, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seob Song
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04404, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (J.J.P.)
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Tong Z, Shen Y, Yuan Q, Yu H. HTRA3 transcriptionally inhibited by FOXP1 suppresses tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119553. [PMID: 37527738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in understanding the biological behavior of osteosarcoma (OS), OS is still the most common primary bone sarcoma that endangers the health of children and adolescents. High-temperature requirement A (HTRA) protease family plays an important regulatory role in numerous malignancies and acts as a prognostic biomarker. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of the HTRA family in OS development remain unknown. Through analyzing the GSE126209 dataset obtained from different Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we found that HTRA3 as a member of the HTRA family was downregulated in OS tissues compared with that in normal tissues. Functional experiments indicated that HTRA3 overexpression suppressed malignant behaviors of OS cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that HTRA3 co-localized with the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and decreased XIAP stability. Further investigation showed that XIAP knockdown inhibited the degradation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and that HTRA3 caused the blockage of PTEN/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, characterized as the reverse of cell function caused by HTRA3 overexpression after PTEN inhibitor BpV (HOpic) treatment. Detailed investigations showed that forkhead box protein 1 (FOXP1), an oncogene in OS progression, downregulated HTRA3 expression and inhibited the transcriptional activity of HTRA3, suggesting that HTRA3 was regulated negatively by FOXP1. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that HTRA3 is a repressor involved in OS development via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway under the modulation of transcription factor FOXP1, and it may provide a therapeutic direction for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Feng T, Zhao R, Zhang H, Sun F, Hu J, Wang M, Qi M, Liu L, Gao L, Xiao Y, Zhen J, Chen W, Wang L, Han B. Reciprocal negative feedback regulation of ATF6α and PTEN promotes prostate cancer progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:292. [PMID: 37715829 PMCID: PMC11073217 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss tightly correlates with prostate cancer (PCa) progression and metastasis. Inactivation of PTEN leads to abnormal activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. However, results from clinical trials with AKT inhibitors in PCa have been largely disappointing. Identification of novel regulators of PTEN in PTEN-dysfunctional PCa is urgently needed. Here we demonstrated that the expression level of PTEN is inversely correlated with the signature score of unfolded protein response (UPR) in PCa. Importantly, PTEN suppresses the activity of ATF6α, via interacting to de-phosphorylate ATF6α and consequently inhibiting its nuclear translocation. Conversely, ATF6α promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of PTEN by inducing CHIP expression. Thus, ATF6α and PTEN forms a negative feedback loop during PCa progression. Combination of ATF6α inhibitor with AKT inhibitor suppresses tumor cell proliferation and xenograft growth. Importantly, this study highlighted ATF6α as a therapeutic vulnerability in PTEN dysfunctional PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ru Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yabo Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Chakraborty S, Karmakar S, Basu M, Kal S, Ghosh MK. The E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP drives monoubiquitylation-mediated nuclear import of the tumor suppressor PTEN. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260950. [PMID: 37676120 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoubiquitylation is a principal mechanism driving nuclear translocation of the protein PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten). In this study, we describe a novel mechanism wherein the protein CHIP (C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) mediates PTEN monoubiquitylation, leading to its nuclear import. Western blot analysis revealed a rise in both nuclear and total cellular PTEN levels under monoubiquitylation-promoting conditions, an effect that was abrogated by silencing CHIP expression. We established time-point kinetics of CHIP-mediated nuclear translocation of PTEN using immunocytochemistry and identified a role of karyopherin α1 (KPNA1) in facilitating nuclear transport of monoubiquitylated PTEN. We further established a direct interaction between CHIP and PTEN inside the nucleus, with CHIP participating in either polyubiquitylation or monoubiquitylation of nuclear PTEN. Finally, we showed that oxidative stress enhanced CHIP-mediated nuclear import of PTEN, which resulted in increased apoptosis, and decreased cell viability and proliferation, whereas CHIP knockdown counteracted these effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report elucidating non-canonical roles for CHIP on PTEN, which we establish here as a nuclear interacting partner of CHIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrabastee Chakraborty
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091 and 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091 and 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24 Parganas 743372, India
| | - Satadeepa Kal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091 and 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091 and 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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7
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Liu J, Pan Y, Liu Y, Wei W, Hu X, Xin W, Chen N. The regulation of PTEN: Novel insights into functions as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1693-1715. [PMID: 37334436 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the implications of the primary tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in aggressive cancer development. PTEN interacts with other cellular proteins or factors suggesting the existence of an intricate molecular network that regulates their oncogenic function. Accumulating evidence has shown that PTEN exists and plays a role in the cytoplasmic organelles and in the nucleus. PTEN blocks phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3,4,5-triphosphate to PI-4,5-bisphosphate thus counteracting PI3K function. Studies have shown that PTEN expression is tightly regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels (including protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications). Despite recent advances in PTEN research, the regulation and function of the PTEN gene remain largely unknown. How mutation or loss of specific exons in the PTEN gene occurs and involves in cancer development is not clear. This review illustrates the regulatory mechanisms of PTEN expression and discusses how PTEN participates in tumor development and/or suppression. Future prospects for the clinical applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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8
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Qiu Q, Sun Y, Yang L, Li Q, Feng Y, Li M, Yin Y, Zheng L, Li N, Qiu H, Cui X, He W, Wang B, Pan C, Wang Z, Huang J, Sample KM, Li Z, Hu Y. TSPAN32 suppresses chronic myeloid leukemia pathogenesis and progression by stabilizing PTEN. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:90. [PMID: 36854750 PMCID: PMC9974991 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein that TSPAN32 is a key node factor for Philadelphia (Ph+) leukemia pathogenesis. We found that TSPAN32 expression was repressed by BCR-ABL and ectopic TSPAN32 expression upon Imatinib treatment inhibited the proliferation of Ph+ cell lines. Tspan32 overexpression significantly prevented BCR-ABL induced leukemia progression in a murine model and impaired leukemia stem cell (LSC) proliferation. LSCs represent an obstacle for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) elimination, which continually replenish leukemia cells and are associated with disease relapse. Therefore, the identification of essential targets that contribute to the survival and self-renewal of LSCs is important for novel curative CML. Mechanistically, TSPAN32 was shown to interact with PTEN, increased its protein level and caused a reduction in PI3K-AKT signaling activity. We also found that TSPAN32 was repressed by BCR-ABL via the suppression of an important transcription factor, TAL1. Ectopic expression of TAL1 significantly increased TSPAN32 mRNA and protein level, which indicated that BCR-ABL repressed TSPAN32 transcription by decreasing TAL1 expression. Overall, we identified a new signaling axis composed of "BCR-ABL-TAL1-TSPAN32-PTEN-PI3K-AKT". Our findings further complement the known mechanisms underlying the transformation potential of BCR-ABL in CML pathogenesis. This new signaling axis also provides a potential means to target PI3K-AKT for CML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunyu Feng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuexia Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huandi Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Cui
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bochuan Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cong Pan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Klarke M Sample
- Institute of Life Science, eBond Pharmaceutical Technology Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Laboratory of thyroid and parathyroid disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiguo Hu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Langdon CG. Nuclear PTEN's Functions in Suppressing Tumorigenesis: Implications for Rare Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020259. [PMID: 36830628 PMCID: PMC9953540 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) encodes a tumor-suppressive phosphatase with both lipid and protein phosphatase activity. The tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN are lost through a variety of mechanisms across a wide spectrum of human malignancies, including several rare cancers that affect pediatric and adult populations. Originally discovered and characterized as a negative regulator of the cytoplasmic, pro-oncogenic phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, PTEN is also localized to the nucleus where it can exert tumor-suppressive functions in a PI3K pathway-independent manner. Cancers can usurp the tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN to promote oncogenesis by disrupting homeostatic subcellular PTEN localization. The objective of this review is to describe the changes seen in PTEN subcellular localization during tumorigenesis, how PTEN enters the nucleus, and the spectrum of impacts and consequences arising from disrupted PTEN nuclear localization on tumor promotion. This review will highlight the immediate need in understanding not only the cytoplasmic but also the nuclear functions of PTEN to gain more complete insights into how important PTEN is in preventing human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey G. Langdon
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(843)-792-9289
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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10
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Perevalova AM, Kobelev VS, Sisakyan VG, Gulyaeva LF, Pustylnyak VO. Role of Tumor Suppressor PTEN and Its Regulation in Malignant Transformation of Endometrium. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1310-1326. [PMID: 36509719 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-suppressive effects of PTEN are well-known, but modern evidence suggest that they are not limited to its ability to inhibit pro-oncogenic PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Features of PTEN structure facilitate its interaction with substrates of different nature and display its activity in various ways both in the cytoplasm and in cell nuclei, which makes it possible to take a broader look at its ability to suppress tumor growth. The possible mechanisms of the loss of PTEN effects are also diverse - PTEN can be regulated at many levels, leading to change in the protein activity or its amount in the cell, while their significance for the development of malignant tumors has yet to be studied. Here we summarize the current data on the PTEN structure, its functions and changes in its regulatory mechanisms during malignant transformation of the cells, focusing on one of the most sensitive to the loss of PTEN types of malignant tumors - endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vyacheslav S Kobelev
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia
| | - Virab G Sisakyan
- Novosibirsk Regional Oncology Center, Novosibirsk, 630108, Russia
| | - Lyudmila F Gulyaeva
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia
| | - Vladimir O Pustylnyak
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia
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11
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Fedorova O, Parfenyev S, Daks A, Shuvalov O, Barlev NA. The Role of PTEN in Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153786. [PMID: 35954450 PMCID: PMC9367281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The PTEN phosphatase is a ubiquitously expressed tumor suppressor, which inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway in the cell. The PI3K/AKT pathway is considered to be one of the main signaling pathways that drives the proliferation of cancer cells. Furthermore, the same pathway controls the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is an evolutionarily conserved developmental program, which, upon aberrant reactivation, is also involved in the formation of cancer metastases. Importantly, metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. In this review, we discuss the literature data that highlight the role of PTEN in EMT. Based on this knowledge, we speculate about new possible strategies for cancer treatment. Abstract Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) is one of the critical tumor suppressor genes and the main negative regulator of the PI3K pathway. PTEN is frequently found to be inactivated, either partially or fully, in various malignancies. The PI3K/AKT pathway is considered to be one of the main signaling cues that drives the proliferation of cells. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that this pathway is hyperactivated in highly proliferative tumors. Importantly, the PI3K/AKT pathway also coordinates the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is pivotal for the initiation of metastases and hence is regarded as an attractive target for the treatment of metastatic cancer. It was shown that PTEN suppresses EMT, although the exact mechanism of this effect is still not fully understood. This review is an attempt to systematize the published information on the role of PTEN in the development of malignant tumors, with a main focus on the regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in EMT.
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12
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Hausott B, Glueckert R, Schrott-Fischer A, Klimaschewski L. Signal Transduction Regulators in Axonal Regeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091537. [PMID: 35563843 PMCID: PMC9104247 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signal transduction in response to growth factor receptor activation is a fundamental process during the regeneration of the nervous system. In this context, intracellular inhibitors of neuronal growth factor signaling have become of great interest in the recent years. Among them are the prominent signal transduction regulators Sprouty (SPRY) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), which interfere with major signaling pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt in neurons and glial cells. Furthermore, SPRY and PTEN are themselves tightly regulated by ubiquitin ligases such as c-casitas b-lineage lymphoma (c-CBL) or neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4 (NEDD4) and by different microRNAs (miRs) including miR-21 and miR-222. SPRY, PTEN and their intracellular regulators play an important role in the developing and the lesioned adult central and peripheral nervous system. This review will focus on the effects of SPRY and PTEN as well as their regulators in various experimental models of axonal regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Targeting these signal transduction regulators in the nervous system holds great promise for the treatment of neurological injuries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hausott
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Rudolf Glueckert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.G.); (A.S.-F.)
| | - Anneliese Schrott-Fischer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.G.); (A.S.-F.)
| | - Lars Klimaschewski
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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13
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Wang K, Liu J, Li YL, Li JP, Zhang R. Ubiquitination/de-ubiquitination: A promising therapeutic target for PTEN reactivation in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Wang H, Yang L, Liu M, Luo J. Protein post-translational modifications in the regulation of cancer hallmarks. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 30:529-547. [PMID: 35393571 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, the major mechanism of protein function regulation, play important roles in regulating a variety of cellular physiological and pathological processes. Although the classical PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and methylation, have been well studied, the emergence of many new modifications, such as succinylation, hydroxybutyrylation, and lactylation, introduces a new layer to protein regulation, leaving much more to be explored and wide application prospects. In this review, we will provide a broad overview of the significant roles of PTMs in regulating human cancer hallmarks through selecting a diverse set of examples, and update the current advances in the therapeutic implications of these PTMs in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Liqian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
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15
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Subcellular localization of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in cancer: does that matter? BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100050. [PMID: 37082602 PMCID: PMC10074912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) finely tunes the balance between survival and death to control homeostasis. XIAP is found aberrantly expressed in cancer, which has been shown to promote resistance to therapy-induced apoptosis and confer poor outcome. Despite its predominant cytoplasmic localization in human tissues, growing evidence implicates the expression of XIAP in other subcellular compartments in sustaining cancer hallmarks. Herein, we review our current knowledge on the prognostic role of XIAP localization and discuss molecular mechanisms underlying differential biological functions played in each compartment. The comprehension of XIAP subcellular shuttling and functional dynamics might provide the rationale for future anticancer therapeutics.
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16
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Regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 527:41-48. [PMID: 34902523 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer (BCa) in which estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) are not expressed. Although TNBC cases account for approximately 15% of all BCa cases, TNBC patients' prognosis is poor compared with that of other BCa subtypes. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) plays an important role in cell proliferation and migration by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. PTEN is one of the most commonly inactivated tumor suppressors in BCa. PTEN inactivity is associated with larger tumor sizes, multiple lymph node metastases, and an aggressive triple-negative phenotype. This review primarily focuses on two key points: (1) PTEN and its function. (2) The regulation of tumor suppressor PTEN in TNBC. We provide a summary of genomic alterations of PTEN in BCa. We further discuss the transcriptional regulation of PTEN and how PTEN is regulated by posttranscription and posttranslational modification, as well as by protein interactions. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of the PTEN protein in TNBC.
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17
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Niu Z, Li X, Dong S, Gao J, Huang Q, Yang H, Qian H, Zhuo S, Zhuang T, Zhu J, Ding Y, Xu W. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase HOIP inhibits Cancer Cell Apoptosis via modulating PTEN stability. J Cancer 2021; 12:6553-6562. [PMID: 34659546 PMCID: PMC8489130 DOI: 10.7150/jca.61996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is widely used in a variety of solid tumors, such as lung cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer. The genotoxic drugs, such as cisplatin, suppress cancer progression either by inhibition cell proliferation or facilitating apoptosis. However, the chemotherapy resistance remains an urgent challenge in cancer therapy, especially in advanced stages. Several studies showed that the activation of pro-survival pathways, such as PI3K-AKT, participated in mediating chemotherapy resistance. The insights into the molecular mechanisms for underlying chemotherapy resistance are of great importance to improve cancer patient survival in advanced stages. The HOIP protein belongs to the RING family E3 ubiquitin ligases and modulates several atypical ubiquitination processes in cellular signaling. Previous studies showed that HOIP might be an important effector in modulating cancer cell death under genotoxic drugs. Here, we report that HOIP associates with PTEN and facilitates PTEN degradation in cancer cells. Depletion of HOIP causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which effects could be rescued by PTEN silencing. Besides, the survival data from public available database show that HOIP expression correlates with poor survival in several types of chemotherapy-treated cancer patients. In conclusion, our study establishes a novel mechanism by which HOIP modulates PTEN stability and facilitates chemotherapy resistance in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453000, China
| | - Shuxiao Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Jianhui Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453000, China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453000, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453000, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Shu Zhuo
- Signet Therapeutics Inc, Shenzhen, China. Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ting Zhuang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453000, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453000, China.,Department of general surgery, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yinlu Ding
- Department of general surgery, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
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18
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Xu H, Ju L, Xiong Y, Yu M, Zhou F, Qian K, Wang G, Xiao Y, Wang X. E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF126 affects bladder cancer progression through regulation of PTEN stability. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:239. [PMID: 33664240 PMCID: PMC7933351 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF126 (ring finger protein 126) is highly expressed in various cancers and strongly associated with tumorigenesis. However, its specific function in bladder cancer (BCa) is still debatable. Here, we found that RNF126 was significantly upregulated in BCa tissue by TCGA database, and our studies indicated that downregulation of RNF126 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis through the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in BCa cells. Furthermore, we identified PTEN, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, as a novel substrate for RNF126. By co-immunoprecipitation assays, we proved that RNF126 directly interacts with PTEN. Predominantly, PTEN binds to the C-terminal containing the RING domain of RNF126. The in vivo ubiquitination assay showed that RNF126 specifically regulates PTEN stability through poly-ubiquitination. Furthermore, PTEN knockdown restored cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumor formation of BCa cells inhibited by RNF126 silencing in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these results identified RNF126 as an oncogene that functions through ubiquitination and degradation of PTEN in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yaoyi Xiong
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxue Yu
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenfang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Deng R, Guo Y, Li L, He J, Qiang Z, Zhang H, Chen R, Wang Y, Zhao X, Yu J. BAP1 suppresses prostate cancer progression by deubiquitinating and stabilizing PTEN. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:279-298. [PMID: 33155366 PMCID: PMC7782096 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinase BAP1 is an important tumor suppressor in several malignancies, but its functions and critical substrates in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear. Here, we report that the mRNA and protein expression levels of BAP1 are downregulated in clinical PCa specimens. BAP1 can physically bind to and deubiquitinate PTEN, which inhibits the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of PTEN and thus stabilizes PTEN protein. Ectopically expressed BAP1 in PCa cells increases PTEN protein level and subsequently inhibits the AKT signaling pathway, thus suppressing PCa progression. Conversely, knockdown of BAP1 in PCa cells leads to the decrease in PTEN protein level and the activation of the Akt signaling pathway, therefore promoting malignant transformation and cancer metastasis. However, these can be reversed by the re-expression of PTEN. More importantly, we found that BAP1 protein level positively correlates with PTEN in a substantial fraction of human cancers. These findings demonstrate that BAP1 is an important deubiquitinase of PTEN for its stability and the BAP1-PTEN signaling axis plays a crucial role in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yanmin Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jianfeng He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhe Qiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Basic Clinical Research CenterRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianxiu Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Basic Clinical Research CenterRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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20
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Xie P, Peng Z, Chen Y, Li H, Du M, Tan Y, Zhang X, Lu Z, Cui CP, Liu CH, He F, Zhang L. Neddylation of PTEN regulates its nuclear import and promotes tumor development. Cell Res 2020; 31:291-311. [PMID: 33299139 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN tumor suppressor opposes the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the cytoplasm and maintains chromosomal integrity in the nucleus. Nucleus-cytoplasm shuttling of PTEN is regulated by ubiquitylation, SUMOylation and phosphorylation, and nuclear PTEN has been proposed to exhibit tumor-suppressive functions. Here we show that PTEN is conjugated by Nedd8 under high glucose conditions, which induces PTEN nuclear import without effects on PTEN stability. PTEN neddylation is promoted by the XIAP ligase and removed by the NEDP1 deneddylase. We identify Lys197 and Lys402 as major neddylation sites on PTEN. Neddylated PTEN accumulates predominantly in the nucleus and promotes rather than suppresses cell proliferation and metabolism. The nuclear neddylated PTEN dephosphorylates the fatty acid synthase (FASN) protein, inhibits the TRIM21-mediated ubiquitylation and degradation of FASN, and then promotes de novo fatty acid synthesis. In human breast cancer tissues, neddylated PTEN correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Therefore, we demonstrate a previously unidentified pool of nuclear PTEN in the Nedd8-conjugated form and an unexpected tumor-promoting role of neddylated PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hongchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Mengge Du
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yawen Tan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China.
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21
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Sun T, Liu Z, Yang Q. The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in cancer metabolism. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:146. [PMID: 33004065 PMCID: PMC7529510 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, including enhanced biosynthesis of macromolecules, altered energy metabolism, and maintenance of redox homeostasis, is considered a hallmark of cancer, sustaining cancer cell growth. Multiple signaling pathways, transcription factors and metabolic enzymes participate in the modulation of cancer metabolism and thus, metabolic reprogramming is a highly complex process. Recent studies have observed that ubiquitination and deubiquitination are involved in the regulation of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. As one of the most important type of post-translational modifications, ubiquitination is a multistep enzymatic process, involved in diverse cellular biological activities. Dysregulation of ubiquitination and deubiquitination contributes to various disease, including cancer. Here, we discuss the role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the regulation of cancer metabolism, which is aimed at highlighting the importance of this post-translational modification in metabolic reprogramming and supporting the development of new therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshui Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhuonan Liu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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22
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Xia Q, Ali S, Liu L, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Dong L. Role of Ubiquitination in PTEN Cellular Homeostasis and Its Implications in GB Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1569. [PMID: 32984016 PMCID: PMC7492558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive brain malignancy, characterized by heterogeneity and drug resistance. PTEN, a crucial tumor suppressor, exhibits phosphatase-dependent (PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway)/independent (nucleus stability) activities to maintain the homeostatic regulation of numerous physiological processes. Premature and absolute loss of PTEN activity usually tends to cellular senescence. However, monoallelic loss of PTEN is frequently observed at tumor inception, and absolute loss of PTEN activity also occurs at the late stage of gliomagenesis. Consequently, aberrant PTEN homeostasis, mainly regulated at the post-translational level, renders cells susceptible to tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Ubiquitination-mediated degradation or deregulated intracellular localization of PTEN hijacks cell growth rheostat control for neoplastic remodeling. Functional inactivation of PTEN mediated by the overexpression of ubiquitin ligases (E3s) renders GB cells adaptive to PTEN loss, which confers resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss how glioma cells develop oncogenic addiction to the E3s-PTEN axis, promoting their growth and proliferation. Antitumor strategies involving PTEN-targeting E3 ligase inhibitors can restore the tumor-suppressive environment. E3 inhibitors collectively reactivate PTEN and may represent next-generation treatment against deadly malignancies such as GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Sakhawat Ali
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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23
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Mechanism of PRL2 phosphatase-mediated PTEN degradation and tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20538-20548. [PMID: 32788364 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002964117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) levels are frequently found reduced in human cancers, but how PTEN is down-regulated is not fully understood. In addition, although a compelling connection exists between PRL (phosphatase of regenerating liver) 2 and cancer, how this phosphatase induces oncogenesis has been an enigma. Here, we discovered that PRL2 ablation inhibits PTEN heterozygosity-induced tumorigenesis. PRL2 deficiency elevates PTEN and attenuates AKT signaling, leading to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in tumors. We also found that high PRL2 expression is correlated with low PTEN level with reduced overall patient survival. Mechanistically, we identified PTEN as a putative PRL2 substrate and demonstrated that PRL2 down-regulates PTEN by dephosphorylating PTEN at Y336, thereby augmenting NEDD4-mediated PTEN ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Given the strong cancer susceptibility to subtle reductions in PTEN, the ability of PRL2 to down-regulate PTEN provides a biochemical basis for its oncogenic propensity. The results also suggest that pharmacological targeting of PRL2 could provide a novel therapeutic strategy to restore PTEN, thereby obliterating PTEN deficiency-induced malignancies.
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24
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Posttranslational Regulation and Conformational Plasticity of PTEN. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036095. [PMID: 31932468 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor that is frequently down-modulated in human cancer. PTEN inhibits the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway through its lipid phosphatase activity. Multiple PI3K/AKT-independent actions of PTEN, protein-phosphatase activities and functions within the nucleus have also been described. PTEN, therefore, regulates many cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, genomic integrity, polarity, migration, and invasion. Even a modest decrease in the functional dose of PTEN may promote cancer development. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate PTEN protein levels and function, and how these may go awry in cancer contexts, is, therefore, key to fully understanding the role of PTEN in tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss current knowledge on posttranslational control and conformational plasticity of PTEN, as well as therapeutic possibilities toward reestablishment of PTEN tumor-suppressor activity in cancer.
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25
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Ho J, Cruise ES, Dowling RJO, Stambolic V. PTEN Nuclear Functions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036079. [PMID: 31712221 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
For years, clinical and basic researchers have been aware of the presence of PTEN in the nucleus in cell culture, animal models, and both healthy and diseased human tissues. Despite the early recognition of nuclear PTEN, the understanding of the mechanisms of its nuclear localization, function in the nucleus, and importance in biology and human disease has been lacking. Over the last decade, emerging concepts for the complex involvement of nuclear PTEN in a variety of processes, including genome maintenance and DNA repair, cell-cycle control, gene expression, and DNA replication, are illuminating what could prove to be the key path toward a full understanding of PTEN function in health and disease. Dysregulation of nuclear PTEN is now considered an important aspect of the etiology of many pathologic conditions, prompting reconsideration of the therapeutic approaches aimed at countering the consequences of PTEN deficiency. This new knowledge is fueling the development of innovative therapeutic modalities for a broad spectrum of human conditions, from cancer and metabolic diseases, to neurological disorders and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Edward S Cruise
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ryan J O Dowling
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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26
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IAP-Mediated Protein Ubiquitination in Regulating Cell Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051118. [PMID: 32365919 PMCID: PMC7290580 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the E3-ubiquitine ligases from IAP (Inhibitor of Apoptosis) family have emerged as potent regulators of immune response. In immune cells, they control signaling pathways driving differentiation and inflammation in response to stimulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), and some cytokine receptors. They are able to control the activity, the cellular fate, or the stability of actors of signaling pathways, acting at different levels from components of receptor-associated multiprotein complexes to signaling effectors and transcription factors, as well as cytoskeleton regulators. Much less is known about ubiquitination substrates involved in non-immune signaling pathways. This review aimed to present IAP ubiquitination substrates and the role of IAP-mediated ubiquitination in regulating signaling pathways.
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27
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Sandag Z, Jung S, Quynh NTN, Myagmarjav D, Anh NH, Le DDT, Lee BS, Mongre RK, Jo T, Lee M. Inhibitory Role of TRIP-Br1/XIAP in Necroptosis under Nutrient/Serum Starvation. Mol Cells 2020; 43:236-250. [PMID: 32050753 PMCID: PMC7103882 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, many available anti-cancer therapies are targeting apoptosis. However, many cancer cells have acquired resistance to apoptosis. To overcome this problem, simultaneous induction of other types of programmed cell death in addition to apoptosis of cancer cells might be an attractive strategy. For this purpose, we initially investigated the inhibitory role of TRIP-Br1/XIAP in necroptosis, a regulated form of necrosis, under nutrient/serum starvation. Our data showed that necroptosis was significantly induced in all tested 9 different types of cancer cell lines in response to prolonged serum starvation. Among them, necroptosis was induced at a relatively lower level in MCF-7 breast cancer line that was highly resistant to apoptosis than that in other cancer cell lines. Interestingly, TRIP-Br1 oncogenic protein level was found to be very high in this cell line. Upregulated TRIP-Br1 suppressed necroptosis by repressing reactive oxygen species generation. Such suppression of necroptosis was greatly enhanced by XIAP, a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. Our data also showed that TRIP-Br1 increased XIAP phosphorylation at serine87, an active form of XIAP. Our mitochondrial fractionation data revealed that TRIPBr1 protein level was greatly increased in the mitochondria upon serum starvation. It suppressed the export of CypD, a vital regulator in mitochondria-mediated necroptosis, from mitochondria to cytosol. TRIP-Br1 also suppressed shikoninmediated necroptosis, but not TNF-α-mediated necroptosis, implying possible presence of another signaling pathway in necroptosis. Taken together, our results suggest that TRIPBr1/XIAP can function as onco-proteins by suppressing necroptosis of cancer cells under nutrient/serum starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zolzaya Sandag
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 430, Korea
| | - Samil Jung
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 430, Korea
| | | | | | - Nguyen Hai Anh
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 430, Korea
| | - Dan-Diem Thi Le
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 430, Korea
| | - Beom Suk Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 430, Korea
| | - Raj Kumar Mongre
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 430, Korea
| | - Taeyeon Jo
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 430, Korea
| | - MyeongSok Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 430, Korea
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28
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Deng L, Meng T, Chen L, Wei W, Wang P. The role of ubiquitination in tumorigenesis and targeted drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:11. [PMID: 32296023 PMCID: PMC7048745 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the "quantity" and "quality" of various proteins, serving to ensure cell homeostasis and guarantee life activities. The regulation of ubiquitination is multifaceted and works not only at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels (phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, etc.) but also at the protein level (activators or repressors). When regulatory mechanisms are aberrant, the altered biological processes may subsequently induce serious human diseases, especially various types of cancer. In tumorigenesis, the altered biological processes involve tumor metabolism, the immunological tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer stem cell (CSC) stemness and so on. With regard to tumor metabolism, the ubiquitination of some key proteins such as RagA, mTOR, PTEN, AKT, c-Myc and P53 significantly regulates the activity of the mTORC1, AMPK and PTEN-AKT signaling pathways. In addition, ubiquitination in the TLR, RLR and STING-dependent signaling pathways also modulates the TME. Moreover, the ubiquitination of core stem cell regulator triplets (Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2) and members of the Wnt and Hippo-YAP signaling pathways participates in the maintenance of CSC stemness. Based on the altered components, including the proteasome, E3 ligases, E1, E2 and deubiquitinases (DUBs), many molecular targeted drugs have been developed to combat cancer. Among them, small molecule inhibitors targeting the proteasome, such as bortezomib, carfilzomib, oprozomib and ixazomib, have achieved tangible success. In addition, MLN7243 and MLN4924 (targeting the E1 enzyme), Leucettamol A and CC0651 (targeting the E2 enzyme), nutlin and MI-219 (targeting the E3 enzyme), and compounds G5 and F6 (targeting DUB activity) have also shown potential in preclinical cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in understanding the substrates for ubiquitination and their special functions in tumor metabolism regulation, TME modulation and CSC stemness maintenance. Moreover, potential therapeutic targets for cancer are reviewed, as are the therapeutic effects of targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Tong Meng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Laboratory Safety and Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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29
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Fan Q, Wang Q, Cai R, Yuan H, Xu M. The ubiquitin system: orchestrating cellular signals in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:1. [PMID: 31988639 PMCID: PMC6966813 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin system, known as a common feature in eukaryotes, participates in multiple cellular processes, such as signal transduction, cell-cycle progression, receptor trafficking and endocytosis, and even the immune response. In lung cancer, evidence has revealed that aberrant events in ubiquitin-mediated processes can cause a variety of pathological outcomes including tumorigenesis and metastasis. Likewise, ubiquitination on the core components contributing to the activity of cell signaling controls bio-signal turnover and cell final destination. Given this, inhibitors targeting the ubiquitin system have been developed for lung cancer therapies and have shown great prospects for clinical application. However, the exact biological effects and physiological role of the drugs used in lung cancer therapies are still not clearly elucidated, which might seriously impede the progress of treatment. In this work, we summarize current research advances in cell signal regulation processes mediated through the ubiquitin system during the development of lung cancer, with the hope of improving the therapeutic effects by means of aiming at efficient targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fan
- 1Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China.,2Department of General Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- 1Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Cai
- 1Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China.,2Department of General Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Yuan
- 1Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- 1Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China
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30
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The many substrates and functions of NEDD4-1. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:904. [PMID: 31787758 PMCID: PMC6885513 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and prognosis are highly related to gene alterations and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Ubiquitination is a critical PTM that governs practically all aspects of cellular function. An increasing number of studies show that E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are important enzymes in the process of ubiquitination that primarily determine substrate specificity and thus need to be tightly controlled. Among E3s, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-1 (NEDD4-1) has been shown to play a critical role in modulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells and the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer therapies via regulating multiple substrates. This review discusses some significant discoveries on NEDD4-1 substrates and the signaling pathways in which NEDD4-1 participates. In addition, we introduce the latest potential therapeutic strategies that inhibit or activate NEDD4-1 activity using small molecules. NEDD4-1 likely acts as a novel drug target or diagnostic marker in the battle against cancer.
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31
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Chang H, Cai Z, Roberts TM. The Mechanisms Underlying PTEN Loss in Human Tumors Suggest Potential Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110713. [PMID: 31703360 PMCID: PMC6921025 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will first briefly describe the diverse molecular mechanisms associated with PTEN loss of function in cancer. We will then proceed to discuss the molecular mechanisms linking PTEN loss to PI3K activation and demonstrate how these mechanisms suggest possible therapeutic approaches for patients with PTEN-null tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoun Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- KIST-DFCI On-Site Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhenying Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas M. Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-632-3049
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32
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Wang K, Liu J, Zhao X, Li H, Luo G, Yu Y, Guo Y, Zhang L, Zhu J, Wang S, Hua W, Yang A, Zhang R, Li J. WWP2 regulates proliferation of gastric cancer cells in a PTEN-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:652-659. [PMID: 31677789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
WW domain containing E3 Ub-protein ligase 2 (WWP2) plays an important role in tumor progression as an E3 ligase of PTEN. Here, we investigated the role of WWP2 in gastric cancer (GC). We found that WWP2 is overexpressed in GC tissues, which is closely related to poor prognosis of GC patients. Using a WWP2-shRNA lentivirus expressing system, we established WWP2 stable-knockdown GC cell lines and found that knockdown of WWP2 inhibits the proliferation of GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Also, WWP2 silencing induced the up-regulation of PTEN protein level and down-regulation of AKT phosphorylation level. We further investigated the role of PTEN in this regulating process by performing rescue assay and found that PTEN is essential for WWP2-mediated regulation of GC cells proliferation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that WWP2 promotes proliferation of GC cells by downregulating PTEN, which may provide new therapeutic targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangwei Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanping Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Long Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Angang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; Department of Experimental Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
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33
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ATM Regulated PTEN Degradation Is XIAP E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mediated in p85α Deficient Cancer Cells and Influence Platinum Sensitivity. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101271. [PMID: 31635307 PMCID: PMC6848936 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telegiectasia mutated (ATM), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and p85α are key tumour suppressors. Whether ATM regulates PTEN expression and influence platinum sensitivity is unknown. We generated ATM knockdowns (KD) and CRISPR knock outs (KO) in glioblastoma (LN18, LN229) and ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR3, OVCAR4). Doxycycline inducible PTEN expression was generated in LN18 and LN229 cells. Transient KD of p85α, CK2, and XIAP was accomplished using siRNAs. Stable p85α knock-in was isolated in LN18 cells. Molecular biology assays included proteasome activity assays, PCR, flow cytometry analysis (cell cycle, double strand break accumulation, apoptosis), immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, clonogenic, invasion, migration, and 3D neurosphere assays. The clinicopathological significance of ATM, PTEN, p85α, and XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) was evaluated in 525 human ovarian cancers using immunohistochemistry. ATM regulated PTEN is p85α dependant. ATM also controls CK2α level which in turn phosphorylates and stabilizes PTEN. In addition, p85α physically interacts with CK2α and protects CK2α from ATM regulated degradation. ATM deficiency resulted in accumulation of XIAP/p-XIAP levels which ubiquitinated PTEN and CK2α thereby directing them to degradation. ATM depletion in the context of p85α deficiency impaired cancer cell migration and invasion reduced 3D-neurosphere formation and increased toxicity to cisplatin chemotherapy. Increased sensitivity to platinum was associated with DNA double strand breaks accumulation, cell cycle arrest, and induction of autophagy. In ovarian cancer patients, ATM, PTEN, p85α, and XIAP protein levels predicted better progression free survival after platinum therapy. We unravel a previously unknown function of ATM in the regulation of PTEN throμgh XIAP mediated proteasome degradation.
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Multifaceted Regulation of PTEN Subcellular Distributions and Biological Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091247. [PMID: 31454965 PMCID: PMC6770588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene frequently found to be inactivated in over 30% of human cancers. PTEN encodes a 54-kDa lipid phosphatase that serves as a gatekeeper of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway involved in the promotion of multiple pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Although the PTEN protein plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, cumulative evidence has implicated it as a key signaling molecule in several other diseases as well, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorders. This finding suggests that diverse cell types, especially differentiated cells, express PTEN. At the cellular level, PTEN is widely distributed in all subcellular compartments and organelles. Surprisingly, the cytoplasmic compartment, not the plasma membrane, is the predominant subcellular location of PTEN. More recently, the finding of a secreted 'long' isoform of PTEN and the presence of PTEN in the cell nucleus further revealed unexpected biological functions of this multifaceted molecule. At the regulatory level, PTEN activity, stability, and subcellular distribution are modulated by a fascinating array of post-translational modification events, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. Dysregulation of these regulatory mechanisms has been observed in various human diseases. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the knowledge gained in the last decade on how different functional domains of PTEN regulate its biological functions, with special emphasis on its subcellular distribution. This review also highlights the findings of published studies that have reported how mutational alterations in specific PTEN domains can lead to pathogenesis in humans.
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Pore SK, Ganguly A, Sau S, Godeshala S, Kanugula AK, Ummanni R, Kotamraju S, Banerjee R. N-end rule pathway inhibitor sensitizes cancer cells to antineoplastic agents by regulating XIAP and RAD21 protein expression. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:804-815. [PMID: 31407360 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs exert their effects on cancer cells by deregulating many pathways linked to cell cycle, apoptosis, etc. but cancer cells gradually become resistive against anticancer drugs, thereby necessitating the development of newer generation anticancer molecules. N-end rule pathway has been shown to be involved in the degradation of many cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins. However, the involvements of this pathway in cancer are not well established. Recently, we developed a non-peptide-based N-end rule pathway inhibitor, RF-C11 for type 1 and 2 recognition domains of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The inhibitor significantly increased the half-life of potential N-degrons leading to significant physiological changes in vivo. We hypothesized RF-C11 may be used to decipher the N-end rule pathway's role in cancer towards the development of anticancer therapeutics. In this study, we showed that RF-C11, barring noncancer cells, significantly sensitizes cancer cells towards different anticancer agents tested. We further find that the profound cellular sensitization to anticancer drugs was affected by (a) downregulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, an antiapoptotic protein and (b) by stabilization of RAD21, and thereby inhibiting metaphase to anaphase promotion. The study shows that RF-C11 or its analogs may be used as a novel additive in combination therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata K Pore
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sudhakar Godeshala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Anantha K Kanugula
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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Park MK, Yao Y, Xia W, Setijono SR, Kim JH, Vila IK, Chiu HH, Wu Y, Billalabeitia EG, Lee MG, Kalb RG, Hung MC, Pandolfi PP, Song SJ, Song MS. PTEN self-regulates through USP11 via the PI3K-FOXO pathway to stabilize tumor suppression. Nat Commun 2019; 10:636. [PMID: 30733438 PMCID: PMC6367354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is a lipid phosphatase that antagonizes the PI3K/AKT pathway and is recognized as a major dose-dependent tumor suppressor. The cellular mechanisms that control PTEN levels therefore offer potential routes to therapy, but these are as yet poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that PTEN plays an unexpected role in regulating its own stability through the transcriptional upregulation of the deubiquitinase USP11 by the PI3K/FOXO pathway, and further show that this feedforward mechanism is implicated in its tumor-suppressive role, as mice lacking Usp11 display increased susceptibility to PTEN-dependent tumor initiation, growth and metastasis. Notably, USP11 is downregulated in cancer patients, and correlates with PTEN expression and FOXO nuclear localization. Our findings therefore demonstrate that PTEN-PI3K-FOXO-USP11 constitute the regulatory feedforward loop that improves the stability and tumor suppressive activity of PTEN. PTEN is a lipid phosphatase that functions as a dose-dependent tumor suppressor through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Here the authors describe a signaling feedback mechanism where PTEN stability is regulated through transcriptional upregulation of X-linked ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) via the PI3K/FOXO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yixin Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie Rebecca Setijono
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Houston, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Isabelle K Vila
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui-Hsuan Chiu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Enrique González Billalabeitia
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer-IMIB, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia-UCAM, Murcia, 30007, Spain
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert G Kalb
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Su Jung Song
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Sup Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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37
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Álvarez-Garcia V, Tawil Y, Wise HM, Leslie NR. Mechanisms of PTEN loss in cancer: It's all about diversity. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:66-79. [PMID: 30738865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is a phosphatase which metabolises PIP3, the lipid product of PI 3-Kinase, directly opposing the activation of the oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling network. Accordingly, loss of function of the PTEN tumour suppressor is one of the most common events observed in many types of cancer. Although the mechanisms by which PTEN function is disrupted are diverse, the most frequently observed events are deletion of a single gene copy of PTEN and gene silencing, usually observed in tumours with little or no PTEN protein detectable by immunohistochemistry. Accordingly, with the exceptions of glioblastoma and endometrial cancer, mutations of the PTEN coding sequence are uncommon (<10%) in most types of cancer. Here we review the data relating to PTEN loss in seven common tumour types and discuss mechanisms of PTEN regulation, some of which appear to contribute to reduced PTEN protein levels in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Álvarez-Garcia
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Yasmine Tawil
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Helen M Wise
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Nicholas R Leslie
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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38
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Jiang Y, Su S, Zhang Y, Qian J, Liu P. Control of mTOR signaling by ubiquitin. Oncogene 2019; 38:3989-4001. [PMID: 30705402 PMCID: PMC6621562 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved mTOR signaling pathway plays essential roles in cell growth, proliferation, metabolism and responses to cellular stresses. Hyperactivation of the mTOR signaling is observed in virtually all solid tumors and has been an attractive drug target. In addition to changes at genetic levels, aberrant activation of the mTOR signaling is also a result from dysregulated post-translational modifications on key pathway members, such as phosphorylation that has been extensively studied. Emerging evidence also support a critical role for ubiquitin-mediated modifications in dynamically regulating the mTOR signaling pathway, while a comprehensive review for relevant studies is missing. In this review, we will summarize all characterized ubiquitination events on major mTOR signaling components, their modifying E3 ubiquitin ligases, deubiquitinases and corresponding pathophysiological functions. We will also reveal methodologies that have been used to identify E3 ligases or DUBs to facilitate the search for yet-to-be discovered ubiquitin-mediated regulatory mechanisms in mTOR signaling. We hope that our review and perspectives provide rationales and strategies to target ubiquitination for inhibiting mTOR signaling to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Siyuan Su
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yanqiong Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jiayi Qian
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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39
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Rpn10 promotes tumor progression by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha through the PTEN/Akt signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 447:1-11. [PMID: 30673593 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays a pivotal role in tumor progression. Rpn10 is the major ubiquitin (Ub) receptor of the 26S proteasome. Mounting evidence shows that Rpn10 is associated with the progression of several tumor types. However, little is known regarding the mechanistic role of Rpn10 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we found that the upregulation of Rpn10 in HCC was associated with poor prognosis. The ectopic overexpression of Rpn10 increased HCC cell proliferation, whereas silencing Rpn10 expression resulted in decreased cell proliferation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that knockdown of Rpn10 induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in HCC cells. In addition, we found that Rpn10 increased cell proliferation via regulation of the PTEN/Akt pathways. Knockdown of Rpn10 induced suppression of cell proliferation could be reversed by overexpressing active Akt in HCC cells. Rpn10 directly promoted PTEN degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The transcription factor HIF1α directly bound to the Rpn10 promoter and increased its expression in HCC tissue. Moreover, we observed a significant correlation between HIF1α expression and Rpn10 levels in HCC patients and found that the combination of these two parameters was a more powerful predictor of poor prognosis than either parameter alone. Collectively, these findings highlight the molecular mechanism of Rpn10 expression in HCC and provide valuable information for cancer prognosis and treatment.
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40
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Liu M, Wang Z, Ren M, Yang X, Liu B, Qi H, Yu M, Song S, Chen S, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zou J, Zhu WG, Yin Y, Luo J. SIRT4 regulates PTEN stability through IDE in response to cellular stresses. FASEB J 2019; 33:5535-5547. [PMID: 30649986 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801987r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) plays a critical role in regulating cell survival, cell growth, and proliferation by antagonizing the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. The regulatory mechanism of PTEN protein is still not completely understood. Here, we found that Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) interacts with PTEN and regulates its stability. Overexpression of SIRT4 in cells causes down-regulation of PTEN. This regulation is independent of PTEN acetylation and ubiquitination. We further found that SIRT4 degrades PTEN through lysosome pathway mediated by insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). SIRT4 bridges PTEN and IDE for degradation in response to nutritional starvation stresses. Our results suggest that when cells were exposed to nutritional starvation, SIRT4 was induced and cooperated with IDE to degrade PTEN; low levels of PTEN promote cells to survive from cellular stress. Our findings provide a new regulation of PTEN in response to cellular stresses.-Liu, M., Wang, Z., Ren, M., Yang, X., Liu, B., Qi, H., Yu, M., Song, S., Chen, S., Liu, L., Zhang, Y., Zou, J., Zhu, W.-G., Yin, Y., Luo, J. SIRT4 regulates PTEN stability through IDE in response to cellular stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Qi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyi Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Zou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical and Research Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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41
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Anderson MW, Moss JJ, Szalai R, Lane JD. Mathematical Modeling Highlights the Complex Role of AKT in TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis of Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. iScience 2019; 12:182-193. [PMID: 30690394 PMCID: PMC6354781 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B/AKT is a highly connected protein involved in a range of signaling pathways. Although it is known to regulate several proteins in the apoptotic pathway, its system-level effects remain poorly understood. We investigated the dynamic interactions between AKT and key apoptotic proteins and constructed a deterministic ordinary differential equation protein interaction model of extrinsic apoptosis. Incorporating AKT and its indirect inhibitor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), this was used to generate predictions of system dynamics. Using eigen analysis, we identified AKT and cytochrome c as the protein species most sensitive to perturbations. Cell death assays in Type II HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells revealed a tendency toward Type I cell death behavior in the XIAP−/− background, with cells displaying accelerated TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Finally, AKT inhibition experiments implicated AKT and not PTEN in influencing apoptotic proteins during early phases of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. TRAIL-induced apoptosis model describes AKT protein interaction dynamics AKT and cytochrome c identified as the proteins most sensitive to perturbations HCT116 cells shift from Type II to Type I cell death behavior in XIAP−/− background AKT and not PTEN influences early phases of TRAIL-induced apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Anderson
- Centre for Biomedical Modelling and Analysis, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Joanna J Moss
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Robert Szalai
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Jon D Lane
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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42
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Marshall JDS, Mellor P, Ruan X, Whitecross DE, Moore SA, Anderson DH. Insight into the PTEN - p85α interaction and lipid binding properties of the p85α BH domain. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36975-36992. [PMID: 30651929 PMCID: PMC6319338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a key role in regulating cell growth and cell survival and is frequently deregulated in cancer cells. p85α regulates the p110α lipid kinase, and also stabilizes and stimulates PTEN, the lipid phosphatase that downregulates this pathway. In this report, we determined that the p85α BH domain binds several phosphorylated phosphoinositide lipids, an interaction that could help localize p85α to membranes rich in these lipids. We also identified key residues responsible for mediating PTEN – p85α complex formation. Based on these experimental results, a docking model for the PTEN – p85α BH domain complex was developed that is consistent with the known binding interactions for both PTEN and p85α. This model involves extensive side-chain and peptide backbone contacts between both the PASE and C2 domains of PTEN with the p85α BH domains. The p85α BH domain residues shown to be important for PTEN binding were p85α residues E212, Q221, K225, R228 and H234. We also verified experimentally the importance of PTEN-E91 in mediating the interaction with the p85α BH domain. These results shed new light on the mechanism of PTEN regulation by p85α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D S Marshall
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Paul Mellor
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Xuan Ruan
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Dielle E Whitecross
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Stanley A Moore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Deborah H Anderson
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.,Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
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43
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Pitarresi JR, Liu X, Avendano A, Thies KA, Sizemore GM, Hammer AM, Hildreth BE, Wang DJ, Steck SA, Donohue S, Cuitiño MC, Kladney RD, Mace TA, Chang JJ, Ennis CS, Li H, Reeves RH, Blackshaw S, Zhang J, Yu L, Fernandez SA, Frankel WL, Bloomston M, Rosol TJ, Lesinski GB, Konieczny SF, Guttridge DC, Rustgi AK, Leone G, Song JW, Wu J, Ostrowski MC. Disruption of stromal hedgehog signaling initiates RNF5-mediated proteasomal degradation of PTEN and accelerates pancreatic tumor growth. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800190. [PMID: 30456390 PMCID: PMC6238420 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupting paracrine Hedgehog signaling in pancreatic cancer stroma through genetic deletion of fibroblast Smoothened leads to proteasomal degradation of fibroblast PTEN and accelerates tumor growth. The contribution of the tumor microenvironment to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development is currently unclear. We therefore examined the consequences of disrupting paracrine Hedgehog (HH) signaling in PDAC stroma. Herein, we show that ablation of the key HH signaling gene Smoothened (Smo) in stromal fibroblasts led to increased proliferation of pancreatic tumor cells. Furthermore, Smo deletion resulted in proteasomal degradation of the tumor suppressor PTEN and activation of oncogenic protein kinase B (AKT) in fibroblasts. An unbiased proteomic screen identified RNF5 as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for degradation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in Smo-null fibroblasts. Ring Finger Protein 5 (Rnf5) knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSKβ), the kinase that marks PTEN for ubiquitination, rescued PTEN levels and reversed the oncogenic phenotype, identifying a new node of PTEN regulation. In PDAC patients, low stromal PTEN correlated with reduced overall survival. Mechanistically, PTEN loss decreased hydraulic permeability of the extracellular matrix, which was reversed by hyaluronidase treatment. These results define non-cell autonomous tumor-promoting mechanisms activated by disruption of the HH/PTEN axis and identifies new targets for restoring stromal tumor-suppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Pitarresi
- Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex Avendano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katie A Thies
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gina M Sizemore
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anisha M Hammer
- Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Blake E Hildreth
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David J Wang
- Hollings Cancer Center and the Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sarah A Steck
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sydney Donohue
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Department and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria C Cuitiño
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Raleigh D Kladney
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Department and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas A Mace
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan J Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christina S Ennis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Huiqing Li
- Department of Physiology and McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology and McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Soledad A Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wendy L Frankel
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Bloomston
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen F Konieczny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Center for Cancer Research and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center and the Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jinghai Wu
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Department and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA
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44
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Naderali E, Khaki AA, Rad JS, Ali-Hemmati A, Rahmati M, Charoudeh HN. Regulation and modulation of PTEN activity. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2869-2881. [PMID: 30145641 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) is a tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated in most human cancers. PTEN is a lipid and protein phosphatase that antagonizes PI3K/AKT pathway through lipid phosphatase activity at the plasma membrane. More recent studies showed that, in addition to the putative role of PTEN as a PI(3,4,5)P3 3-phosphatase, it is a PI(3,4)P2 3-phosphatase during stimulation of class I PI3K signaling pathway by growth factor. Although PTEN tumor suppressor function via it's lipid phosphatase activity occurs primarily in the plasma membrane, it can also be found in the nucleus, in cytoplasmic organelles and extracellular space. PTEN has also shown phosphatase independent functions in the nucleus. PTEN can exit from the cell through exosomal export or secretion and has a tumor suppressor function in adjacent cells. PTEN has a critical role in growth, the cell cycle, protein synthesis, survival, DNA repair and migration. Understanding the regulation of PTEN function, activity, stability, localization and its dysregulation outcomes and also the intracellular and extracellular role of PTEN and paracrine role of PTEN-L in tumor cells as an exogenous therapeutic agent can help to improve clinical conceptualization and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Naderali
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Department of Anatomical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani Rad
- Department of Anatomical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ali-Hemmati
- Department of Anatomical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51656-65811, Tabriz, Iran.
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45
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Lee YR, Chen M, Pandolfi PP. The functions and regulation of the PTEN tumour suppressor: new modes and prospects. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:547-562. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46
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Mellor P, Marshall JDS, Ruan X, Whitecross DE, Ross RL, Knowles MA, Moore SA, Anderson DH. Patient-derived mutations within the N-terminal domains of p85α impact PTEN or Rab5 binding and regulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7108. [PMID: 29740032 PMCID: PMC5940657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The p85α protein regulates flux through the PI3K/PTEN signaling pathway, and also controls receptor trafficking via regulation of Rab-family GTPases. In this report, we determined the impact of several cancer patient-derived p85α mutations located within the N-terminal domains of p85α previously shown to bind PTEN and Rab5, and regulate their respective functions. One p85α mutation, L30F, significantly reduced the steady state binding to PTEN, yet enhanced the stimulation of PTEN lipid phosphatase activity. Three other p85α mutations (E137K, K288Q, E297K) also altered the regulation of PTEN catalytic activity. In contrast, many p85α mutations reduced the binding to Rab5 (L30F, I69L, I82F, I177N, E217K), and several impacted the GAP activity of p85α towards Rab5 (E137K, I177N, E217K, E297K). We determined the crystal structure of several of these p85α BH domain mutants (E137K, E217K, R262T E297K) for bovine p85α BH and found that the mutations did not alter the overall domain structure. Thus, several p85α mutations found in human cancers may deregulate PTEN and/or Rab5 regulated pathways to contribute to oncogenesis. We also engineered several experimental mutations within the p85α BH domain and identified L191 and V263 as important for both binding and regulation of Rab5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mellor
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jeremy D S Marshall
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Xuan Ruan
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Dielle E Whitecross
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Ross
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley A Moore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Deborah H Anderson
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada. .,Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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47
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Li H, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Li C, Zou W, Chang Z, Cui CP, Zhang L. WWP2 is a physiological ubiquitin ligase for phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8886-8899. [PMID: 29685889 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) plays a central role in regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, and its gene is very frequently mutated in various human cancers. Numerous studies have revealed that PTEN levels are tightly regulated by both transcriptional and posttranslational modifications, with especially ubiquitylation significantly regulating PTEN protein levels. Although several ubiquitin ligases have been reported to mediate PTEN ubiquitylation in vitro, the ubiquitin ligase that promotes PTEN degradation in vivo has not been reported. Here we took advantage of specific knockout mouse models to demonstrate that WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (WWP2) promotes PTEN degradation under physiological conditions, whereas another ubiquitin ligase, carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP), had no such effect. WWP2 knockout mice exhibited reduced body size, elevated PTEN protein levels, and reduced phosphorylation levels of the serine/threonine kinase and PTEN target AKT. In contrast, we observed no elevation of PTEN protein levels in CHIP knockout tissues and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Furthermore, PTEN protein levels in CHIP/WWP2 double knockout mice were very similar to those in WWP2 single knockout mice and significantly higher than in WT and CHIP knockout mice. Our results demonstrate that WWP2, rather than CHIP, is an ubiquitin ligase that promotes PTEN degradation in vivo Considering PTEN's significant role in tumor development, we propose that WWP2 may be a potential target for fine-tuning PTEN levels in anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Zhijie Chang
- the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- From the State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China,
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China, .,the Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital Graduate Training Base, Department of General Surgery, Fengxian Hospital Affiliated with Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201400, China
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48
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Balaji V, Pokrzywa W, Hoppe T. Ubiquitylation Pathways In Insulin Signaling and Organismal Homeostasis. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700223. [PMID: 29611634 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling (IIS) pathway is a pivotal genetic program regulating cell growth, tissue development, metabolic physiology, and longevity of multicellular organisms. IIS integrates a fine-tuned cascade of signaling events induced by insulin/IGF-1, which is precisely controlled by post-translational modifications. The ubiquitin/proteasome-system (UPS) influences the functionality of IIS through inducible ubiquitylation pathways that regulate internalization of the insulin/IGF-1 receptor, the stability of downstream insulin/IGF-1 signaling targets, and activity of nuclear receptors for control of gene expression. An age-related decline in UPS activity is often associated with an impairment of IIS, contributing to pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent findings identified a key role of diverse ubiquitin modifications in insulin signaling decisions, which governs dynamic adaption upon environmental and physiological changes. In this review, we discuss the mutual crosstalk between ubiquitin and insulin signaling pathways in the context of cellular and organismal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Balaji
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pokrzywa
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism in Development and Aging, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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49
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Gao Q, Tang L, Wu L, Li K, Wang H, Li W, Wu J, Li M, Wang S, Zhao L. LASP1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression through negatively regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Cell Death Dis 2018. [PMID: 29531214 PMCID: PMC5847534 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) enhances tumor growth and metastasis in various cancers, but its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of LASP1 in NPC and explored the underlying mechanisms in NPC. Clinically, overexpression of LASP1 is associated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis of NPC patients. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays showed that LASP1 promoted NPC cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we observed clear co-localization between LASP1 and PTEN in NPC cells. LASP1 interacted with PTEN and decreased the expression of PTEN in NPC. The ubiquitination assay indicated that LASP1 overexpression increased PTEN ubiquitination. PTEN was known as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway. Rescue experiments showed that PTEN weakened LASP1-mediated cell proliferation, migration, and invasive abilities and decreased the phosphorylation of AKT in NPC cells. Our findings suggest that LASP1 has a crucial role in NPC progression via LASP1/PTEN/AKT axis, highlighting LASP1 as a therapeutic target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzu Gao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lihua Tang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitao Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyi Li
- Radiotherapy Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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50
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Wu Q, Yu S, Chen J, Li Y, Gao Y. Downregulation of STRAP promotes tumor growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma via reducing PTEN level. IUBMB Life 2017; 70:120-128. [PMID: 29283497 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated protein (STRAP) has been implicated in multiple human cancers. However, its expression and function are currently unclear and controversial in different tissue types. In the present study, we report that aberrant downregulation of STRAP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) facilitated tumor cell growth and metastasis in a phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated that STRAP was frequently downregulated in HCC samples. Functionally, knockdown of STRAP by RNA inference in HCC cells promoted proliferation and migration in vitro and tumorigenicity and lung metastasis in vivo. Through detecting the expression of some tumor-related genes using western blot analysis, we found the tumor suppressor PTEN was decreased upon STRAP silencing. Further analyses demonstrated that silenced STRAP led to PTEN protein degradation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that STRAP expression was closely associated with PTEN expression in 30 cases of HCC samples. These findings strongly suggest that STRAP plays an inhibitory role in HCC via regulating PTEN expression and could be a potential therapeutic target for this disease. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 70(2):120-128, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingde Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yandong Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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