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Saylany L, Ellepola H, Broom E. A Rare Case of Advanced-Stage Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary Identified During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy. Cureus 2024; 16:e55696. [PMID: 38455342 PMCID: PMC10918307 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a rare form of aggressive ovarian malignancy linked with mutations in the SMARCA4 gene. This disease predominantly affects young women within the first five decades of life and is associated with poor overall long-term survival, particularly when diagnosed in the advanced stage of the disease. Due to the low incidence of the condition and limited literature, current clinical decision-making is based on a small number of case series and case reports. We present an extremely rare case of SCCOHT diagnosed in a young female during her third trimester of pregnancy, requiring preterm delivery via cesarean section with simultaneous unilateral oophorectomy and salpingectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lua Saylany
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Logan Hospital, Logan, AUS
| | | | - Elisha Broom
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Logan Hospital, Logan, AUS
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El-Tawab SS, Kehoe S. Synchronous ovarian and Bartholin gland carcinoma: Case report and review of literature. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 163:744-746. [PMID: 37221998 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of synchronous ovarian and vulva (Bartholin gland) cancer. A postmenopausal woman presented with a complex multiloculated left adnexal mass and 2-cm right Bartholin gland mass. CA 125 was 59 IU/mL. Computed tomography of chest, abdomen, and pelvis showed a very large (32 × 13.5 × 22.5 cm) complex mass arising from the pelvis and extending to the level of the T12/L1 disk space. A right Bartholin mass with suspicious right inguinal nodes was seen. Midline laparotomy, total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy, infracolic omentectomy, pelvic peritoneal biopsies, and peritoneal washings were carried out. Wide local excision of the right Bartholin gland mass was carried out in the same setting. Histopathology came back as Stage 2B left ovarian clear-cell carcinoma and synchronous right Bartholin gland adenoid cystic carcinoma with lymphovascular invasion, incompletely excised, staged at least FIGO Stage 1B. Following local multidisciplinary team discussion and positron emission tomography scan review, the local committee agreed to start three cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy then proceed with Bartholin gland scar re-excision and bilateral groin lymph node dissection. After the three cycles, the groin lymph nodes came back as metastatic adenocarcinoma with overall morphologic and immunohistochemical features consistent with metastatic ovarian clear-cell carcinoma. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was given. Initial follow-up period over 9 months was uneventful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally S El-Tawab
- Oxford Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- ElShatby Maternity University Hospital, Gynecology Oncology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sean Kehoe
- Oxford Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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3
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Soung YH, Chung J. Combination Treatment Strategies to Overcome PARP Inhibitor Resistance. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1480. [PMID: 37892162 PMCID: PMC10604269 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes have been shown to be essential for DNA repair pathways, including homologous recombination repair (HRR). Cancers with HRR defects (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations) are targets for PARP inhibitors (PARPis) based on the exploitation of "synthetic lethality". As a result, PARPis offer a promising treatment option for advanced ovarian and breast cancers with deficiencies in HRR. However, acquired resistance to PARPis has been reported for most tumors, and not all patients with BRCA1/2 mutations respond to PARPis. Therefore, the formulation of effective treatment strategies to overcome resistance to PARPis is urgently necessary. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of therapeutic action and resistance to PARPis, in addition to emerging combination treatment options involving PARPis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
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Swanner KKD, Lanpher NW, Sehbai A. Possible Ovarian and Peritoneal Carcinoma Presenting in a Mediastinal Lymph Node and Pleural Effusion: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e44564. [PMID: 37789995 PMCID: PMC10544829 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma often doesn't show noticeable symptoms and is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. It is the most fatal cancer within the gynecologic system. Our understanding of ovarian pathology is limited, necessitating the use of multiple markers to accurately detect ovarian cancer, particularly when it presents abnormally, such as in pleural effusion or lymph nodes. A 45-year-old woman presented to the emergency room (ER) due to abdominal pain lasting for two weeks. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed peritoneal carcinomatosis accompanied by ascites and calcification in the lymph nodes. The likely primary sources were determined to be mucinous adenocarcinomas from either the colon or ovary. Following the CT findings, a fine needle aspiration was conducted on a perigastric lymph node. Histopathology results indicated a "poorly differentiated carcinoma [with] malignant cells present." Subsequently, a PowerPort was inserted, and adjuvant chemotherapy commenced two days later, utilizing a combination of carboplatin, bevacizumab, and paclitaxel. Paracentesis was performed, yielding clear-yellow fluid. However, abdominal fullness gradually increased again after paracentesis. The patient began experiencing more intense abdominal pain, particularly in the left lower quadrant. Surgical exploration revealed widespread disease involvement throughout the intestines. Our patient exhibited an atypical manifestation of ovarian carcinoma, challenging its identification due to ectopic foci and the absence of many distinctly identifiable markers. Through comprehensive testing and a process of elimination, we successfully differentiated ovarian carcinoma from other potential cancers. The conclusive histopathological report, along with a markedly elevated CA-125 level, provided substantial support for the probable final diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. Despite numerous advancements in staining and identification techniques, the diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma remains inadequately understood. Identifying ovarian carcinoma without clear visualization is often challenging, and further research is warranted to enhance our understanding of pathological methods. Moreover, there is a need to prioritize the development and exploration of ovarian carcinoma screening and testing methods to prevent delayed disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick W Lanpher
- College of Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Aasim Sehbai
- Hematology and Oncology, Alabama Cancer Care, Anniston, USA
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5
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Akazawa M, Hashimoto K. Preliminary Results of Deep Learning Approach for Preoperative Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer Based on Pelvic MRI Scans. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:3817-3821. [PMID: 37500173 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To predict the pathological diagnosis of ovarian tumors using preoperative MRI images, using deep learning models. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 185 patients were enrolled, including 40 with ovarian cancers, 25 with borderline malignant tumors, and 120 with benign tumors. Using sagittal and horizontal T2-weighted images (T2WI), we constructed the pre-trained convolutional neural networks to predict pathological diagnoses. The performance of the model was assessed by precision, recall, and F1-score on macro-average with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) were also assessed after binary transformation by the division into benign and non-benign groups. RESULTS The macro-average accuracy in the three-class classification was 0.523 (95%CI=0.504-0.544) for sagittal images and 0.426 (95%CI=0.404-0.446) for horizontal images. The model achieved a precision of 0.63 (95%CI=0.61-0.66), recall of 0.75 (95%CI=0.72-0.78), and F1 score of 0.69 (95%CI=0.67-0.71) for benign tumor. Regarding the discrimination between benign and non-benign tumors, the accuracy in the binary-class classification was 0.628 (95%CI=0.592-0.662) for sagittal images and AUC was 0.529 (95%CI=0.500-0.557). CONCLUSION Using deep learning, we could perform pathological diagnosis from preoperative MRI images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munetoshi Akazawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Harsh KK, Jakhar SL, Maheshwari G, Nirban R, Kumari P, Beniwal SK, Sharma N, Kumar HS. Triple combination of palliative oral metronomic chemotherapy in recurrent and metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer: A retrospective study. Indian J Cancer 2023; 60:167-172. [PMID: 37530237 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_143_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death from gynecological cancer in the world and in India. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity profile of oral metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) in the form of etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and tamoxifen in recurrent and metastatic ovarian cancer. Methods This was a retrospective observational study that included those post-treatment patients who had the recurrent or metastatic disease after completion of treatment in 2018 at Regional Cancer Centre, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Forty patients who were unfit for further intensive intravenous chemotherapy were included. The oral MCT constituted etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and tamoxifen. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Results Forty women with a median age of 62 (range: 35-80) years were enrolled in the study to receive oral MCT. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status (ECOG-PS) was 0-1 in 28 patients and 2-3 in 12 patients. The best clinical response rate post-oral MCT was seen in the first 4 months. Objective response was observed in 24 (60%) of patients in the form of stable disease (19, 47.5%) and partial response (5, 12.5%). Disease progression was observed in 10 (25%) of patients. The median follow-up was 6.4 months (4.5-9.2 months). The median estimated OS was 6.5 months. The median estimated PFS was 3.7 months. Nineteen (47.5%) patients had grade-I/II mucositis. Grade-III/IV mucositis were observed in 9 (22.5%) patients. Thirty-seven (92.5%) patients died at the end of the study at 1 year. Dose reduction was required in 15 (37.5%) patients. Conclusion Oral MCT was found to be an effective and well-tolerated regime with good symptomatic control and low-moderate toxicity profile in patients with relapsed and metastatic ovarian cancer. However, 22% of patients showed grade-III/IV thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh K Harsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shankar L Jakhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Guncha Maheshwari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajkumar Nirban
- Palliative Medicine, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pramila Kumari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Surender K Beniwal
- Medical Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neeti Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harvindra S Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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Sulaiman R, De P, Aske JC, Lin X, Dale A, Koirala N, Gaster K, Espaillat LR, Starks D, Dey N. Patient-Derived Primary Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Mediate Resistance to Anti-Angiogenic Drug in Ovarian Cancers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010112. [PMID: 36672620 PMCID: PMC9855717 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers rank first in both aggressiveness and dismal prognosis among gynecological neoplasms. The poor outcome is explained by the fact that most patients present with late-stage disease and progress through the first line of treatment. Ovarian neoplasms, especially epithelial ovarian cancers, are diagnosed at advanced/metastatic stages, often with a high angiogenesis index, one of the hallmarks of ovarian cancers with rapid progression and poor outcome as resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy develops. Despite therapy, the metastatic progression of aggressive ovarian cancer is a spectacularly selective function of tumor cells aided and abetted by the immune, mesenchymal and angiogenic components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that enforces several pro-metastatic event(s) via direct and indirect interactions with stromal immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and vascular endothelial cells. Since transdifferentiation of tumor endothelium is one of the major sources of CAFs, we hypothesized that ovarian CAF plays a critical role in resisting anti-angiogenic effects via direct crosstalk with endothelium and hence plays a direct role in the development of resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs. To test the hypothesis, we set up a hybrid ex vivo model for co-culture comprising Patient-Derived ex vivo primary CAFs from ovarian tumor samples and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Patient-Derived CAFs were characterized by the mRNA and protein expression of positive (SMA, S100A4, TE-7, FAP-A, CD90/THY1), negative (EpCAM, CK 8,18, CD31, CD44, CD45), functional (PDGFRA, TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFRA) and immunological markers (PD-L1, PD-L2, PD-1) associated with CAFs by qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, Western blot, and ICC. Data from our HUVEC-on-CAF ex vivo Hybrid Co-Culture (HyCC) study demonstrate the pro-angiogenic effect of Patient-Derived ovarian CAFs by virtue of their ability to resist the effect of anti-angiogenic drugs, thereby aiding the development of resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs. Ascertaining direct experimental proof of the role of CAFs in developing resistance to specific anti-angiogenic drugs will provide an opportunity to investigate new drugs for counteracting CAF resistance and "normalizing/re-educating" TME in aggressive ovarian cancers. Our data provide a unique experimental tool for the personalized testing of anti-angiogenic drugs, positively predicting the development of future resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs well before it is clinically encountered in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Sulaiman
- Department of Pathology, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Pradip De
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota SSOM, USD, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Aske
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Lin
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Adam Dale
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Nischal Koirala
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Kris Gaster
- Assistant VP Outpatient Cancer Clinics, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Luis Rojas Espaillat
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - David Starks
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Nandini Dey
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota SSOM, USD, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Morretton JP, Simon A, Herbette A, Barbazan J, Pérez-González C, Cosson C, Mboup B, Latouche A, Popova T, Kieffer Y, Macé AS, Gestraud P, Bataillon G, Becette V, Meseure D, Nicolas A, Mariani O, Vincent-Salomon A, Stern MH, Mechta-Grigoriou F, Roman Roman S, Vignjevic DM, Rouzier R, Sastre-Garau X, Goundiam O, Basto R. A catalog of numerical centrosome defects in epithelial ovarian cancers. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15670. [PMID: 36069081 PMCID: PMC9449595 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification, the presence of more than two centrosomes in a cell is a common feature of most human cancer cell lines. However, little is known about centrosome numbers in human cancers and whether amplification or other numerical aberrations are frequently present. To address this question, we have analyzed a large cohort of primary human epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) from 100 patients. We found that rigorous quantitation of centrosome number in tumor samples was extremely challenging due to tumor heterogeneity and extensive tissue disorganization. Interestingly, even if centrosome clusters could be identified, the incidence of centrosome amplification was not comparable to what has been described in cultured cancer cells. Surprisingly, centrosome loss events where a few or many nuclei were not associated with centrosomes were clearly noticed and overall more frequent than centrosome amplification. Our findings highlight the difficulty of characterizing centrosome numbers in human tumors, while revealing a novel paradigm of centrosome number defects in EOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Morretton
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Simon
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Herbette
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jorge Barbazan
- Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Pérez-González
- Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Camille Cosson
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Bassirou Mboup
- Statistical Methods for Precision Medicine, INSERM U900, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Aurélien Latouche
- Statistical Methods for Precision Medicine, INSERM U900, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Tatiana Popova
- DNA Repair & Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Team Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Macé
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gestraud
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, Mines Paristech, INSERM U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | - Didier Meseure
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - André Nicolas
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Odette Mariani
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Biological Resource Center, Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc-Henri Stern
- DNA Repair & Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Team Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Roman Roman
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Danijela Matic Vignjevic
- Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Roman Rouzier
- Statistical Methods for Precision Medicine, INSERM U900, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France.,Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France.,UFR Simone Veil - Santé, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Université Paris Saclay, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | | | - Oumou Goundiam
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
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Jacome Sanz D, Raivola J, Karvonen H, Arjama M, Barker H, Murumägi A, Ungureanu D. Evaluating Targeted Therapies in Ovarian Cancer Metabolism: Novel Role for PCSK9 and Second Generation mTOR Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3727. [PMID: 34359627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated lipid metabolism is emerging as a hallmark in several malignancies, including ovarian cancer (OC). Specifically, metastatic OC is highly dependent on lipid-rich omentum. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic value of targeting lipid metabolism in OC. For this purpose, we studied the role of PCSK9, a cholesterol-regulating enzyme, in OC cell survival and its downstream signaling. We also investigated the cytotoxic efficacy of a small library of metabolic (n = 11) and mTOR (n = 10) inhibitors using OC cell lines (n = 8) and ex vivo patient-derived cell cultures (PDCs, n = 5) to identify clinically suitable drug vulnerabilities. Targeting PCSK9 expression with siRNA or PCSK9 specific inhibitor (PF-06446846) impaired OC cell survival. In addition, overexpression of PCSK9 induced robust AKT phosphorylation along with increased expression of ERK1/2 and MEK1/2, suggesting a pro-survival role of PCSK9 in OC cells. Moreover, our drug testing revealed marked differences in cytotoxic responses to drugs targeting metabolic pathways of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) PDCs. Our results show that targeting PCSK9 expression could impair OC cell survival, which warrants further investigation to address the dependency of this cancer on lipogenesis and omental metastasis. Moreover, the differences in metabolic gene expression and drug responses of OC PDCs indicate the existence of a metabolic heterogeneity within OC subtypes, which should be further explored for therapeutic improvements.
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Abstract
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LCM), also known as neoplastic meningitis, is a rare entity. It is generally seen in solid tumors. Ovarian cancers can infrequently cause LCM. The clinical presentation is variable. Diagnosis is made by a lumbar puncture that shows malignant cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and usually correlates with imaging findings. Given the low individual sensitivities of lumbar puncture (55%) and magnetic resonance imaging (70%), it is recommended to combine both modalities for optimal diagnostic results. Treatment options vary depending on the type of primary carcinoma, however, the prognosis is guarded. We report a case of LCM in a patient with stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer in remission, which became a diagnostic challenge due to a lack of imaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayha Tahir
- Internal Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, McHenry, USA
| | - Aatma Ram
- Internal Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, McHenry, USA
| | - Nikita Jain
- Internal Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, McHenry, USA
| | | | - Farah Zahra
- Internal Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, McHenry, USA
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11
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Brożyna AA, Kim TK, Zabłocka M, Jóźwicki W, Yue J, Tuckey RC, Jetten AM, Slominski AT. Association among Vitamin D, Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptors, and Vitamin D Hydroxyderivatives in Ovarian Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3541. [PMID: 33227893 PMCID: PMC7699234 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and its derivatives, acting via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic acid-related orphan receptors γ and α (RORγ and RORα), show anticancer properties. Since pathological conditions are characterized by disturbances in the expression of these receptors, in this study, we investigated their expression in ovarian cancers (OCs), as well as explored the phenotypic effects of vitamin D hydroxyderivatives and RORγ/α agonists on OC cells. The VDR and RORγ showed both a nuclear and a cytoplasmic location, and their expression levels were found to be reduced in the primary and metastatic OCs in comparison to normal ovarian epithelium, as well as correlated to the tumor grade. This reduction in VDR and RORγ expression correlated with a shorter overall disease-free survival. VDR, RORγ, and RORα were also detected in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cell lines with increased expression in the latter line. 20-Hydroxy-lumisterol3 (20(OH)L3) and synthetic RORα/RORγ agonist SR1078 inhibited proliferation only in the OVCAR-3 line, while 20-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (20(OH)D3) only inhibited SKOV-3 cell proliferation. 1,25(OH)2D3, 20(OH)L3, and SR1078, but not 20(OH)D3, inhibited spheroid formation in SKOV-3 cells. In summary, decreases in VDR, RORγ, and RORα expression correlated with an unfavorable outcome for OC, and compounds targeting these receptors had a context-dependent anti-tumor activity in vitro. We conclude that VDR and RORγ expression can be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of OC and suggest their ligands as potential candidates for OC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Marzena Zabłocka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre—Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital in Bydgoszcz, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Jóźwicki
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Robert C. Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Anton M. Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Laboratory Service of the VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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12
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Guo Y, Liu J, Luo J, You X, Weng H, Wang M, Ouyang T, Li X, Liao X, Wang M, Lan Z, Shi Y, Chen S. Molecular Profiling Reveals Common and Specific Development Processes in Different Types of Gynecologic Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:584793. [PMID: 33194730 PMCID: PMC7658613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.584793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gynecologic cancers have become a major threat to women's health. The molecular biology of gynecologic cancers is not as well understood as that of breast cancer, and precision targeting is still new. Although viewed collectively as a group of cancers within the female reproductive system, they are more often studied separately. A comprehensive within-group comparison on molecular profiles is lacking. METHODS We conducted a whole-exome sequencing study of cervical/endometrial/ovarian cancer samples from 209 Chinese patients. We combined our data with genomic and transcriptomic data from relevant TCGA cohorts to identify and verify common/exclusive molecular changes in cervical/endometrial/ovarian cancer. RESULTS We identified shared molecular features including a COSMIC signature of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), four recurrent copy-number variation (CNV) events, and extensive alterations in PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling and cilium component genes; we also identified transcription factors and pathways that are exclusively altered in cervical/endometrial/ovarian cancer. The functions of the commonly/exclusively altered genomic circuits suggest (1) a common reprogramming process during early tumor initiation, which involves PI3K activation, defects in mismatch repair and cilium organization, as well as disruption in interferon signaling and immune recognition; (2) a cell-type specific program at late-stage tumor development that eventually lead to tumor proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION This study describes, from a molecular point of view, how similar and how different gynecologic cancers are, and it provides a hypothesis about the causes of the observed similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Luo
- Department of Research, Top Gene Tech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin You
- Department of Research, Top Gene Tech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Weng
- Department of Research, Top Gene Tech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Wang
- Department of Research, Top Gene Tech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- Department of Research, Top Gene Tech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Liao
- Department of Research, Top Gene Tech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Maocai Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoji Lan
- Department of Research, Top Gene Tech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujian Shi
- Department of Research, Top Gene Tech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Akazawa M, Hashimoto K. Artificial Intelligence in Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:4795-4800. [PMID: 32727807 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study aimed to use artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the pathological diagnosis of ovarian tumors using patient information and data from preoperative examinations. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 202 patients with ovarian tumors were enrolled, including 53 with ovarian cancer, 23 with borderline malignant tumors, and 126 with benign ovarian tumors. Using 5 machine learning classifiers, including support vector machine, random forest, naive Bayes, logistic regression, and XGBoost, we derived diagnostic results from 16 features, commonly available from blood tests, patient background, and imaging tests. We also analyzed the importance of 16 features on the prediction of disease. RESULTS The highest accuracy was 0.80 in the machine learning algorithm of XGBoost. The evaluation of importance of the features showed different results among the correlation coefficient of the features, the regression coefficient, and the features importance of random forest. CONCLUSION AI could play a role in the prediction of pathological diagnosis of ovarian cancer from preoperative examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munetoshi Akazawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang M, Wang G, Zhu Y, Wu D. Characterization of BRCA1/2-Directed ceRNA Network Identifies a Novel Three-lncRNA Signature to Predict Prognosis and Chemo-Response in Ovarian Cancer Patients With Wild-Type BRCA1/2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:680. [PMID: 32850807 PMCID: PMC7403448 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to interact with BRCA1/2 to regulate homologous recombination (HR) by diverse mechanisms in ovarian cancers (OvCa). However, genome-wide screening of BRCA1/2-related lncRNAs and their clinical significance is still unexplored. In this study, we constructed a global BRCA1/2-directed lncRNA-associated ceRNA network by integrating paired lncRNA expression profiles, miRNA expression profiles, and BRCA1/2 expression profiles in BRCA1/2 wild-type patients and identified 111 BRCA1/2-related lncRNAs. Using the stepwise regression and Cox regression analysis, we developed a BRCA1/2-directed lncRNA signature (BRCALncSig), composing of three lncRNAs (LINC01619, DLX6-AS1, and AC004943.2) from the list of 111 BRCA1/2-related lncRNAs, which was an independent prognostic factor and was able to classify the patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different survival in the training dataset (HR = 2.73, 95 CI 1.65–4.51, p < 0.001). The prognostic performance of the BRCALncSig was further validated in the testing dataset (HR = 1.9, 95 CI 1.21–2.99, p = 0.005) and entire TCGA dataset (HR = 2.17, 95 CI 1.56–3.01, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the BRCALncSig is associated with chemo-response and was also capable of discriminating nonequivalent outcomes for patients achieving complete response (CR) (log-rank p = 0.003). Functional analyses suggested that mRNAs co-expressed with the BRCALncSig were enriched in cancer-related or cell proliferation-related biological processes and pathways. In summary, our study highlighted the clinical implication of BRCA1/2-directed lncRNAs in the prognosis and treatment response of BRCA1/2 wild-type patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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15
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Zubor P, Dankova Z, Kolkova Z, Holubekova V, Brany D, Mersakova S, Samec M, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Kubatka P, Bujnak J, Kajo K, Mlyncek M, Giordano FA, Golubnitschaja O. Rho GTPases in Gynecologic Cancers: In-Depth Analysis toward the Paradigm Change from Reactive to Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medical Approach Benefiting the Patient and Healthcare. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1292. [PMID: 32443784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphospatases (GTPases) resemble a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and several signaling pathways central for the cell. Rho GTPases create a so-called Ras-superfamily of GTPases subdivided into subgroups comprising at least 20 members. Rho GTPases play a key regulatory role in gene expression, cell cycle control and proliferation, epithelial cell polarity, cell migration, survival, and apoptosis, among others. They also have tissue-related functions including angiogenesis being involved in inflammatory and wound healing processes. Contextually, any abnormality in the Rho GTPase function may result in severe consequences at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Rho GTPases also play a key role in tumorigenesis and metastatic disease. Corresponding mechanisms include a number of targets such as kinases and scaffold/adaptor-like proteins initiating GTPases-related signaling cascades. The accumulated evidence demonstrates the oncogenic relevance of Rho GTPases for several solid malignancies including breast, liver, bladder, melanoma, testicular, lung, central nervous system (CNS), head and neck, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, Rho GTPases play a crucial role in the development of radio- and chemoresistance e.g. under cisplatin-based cancer treatment. This article provides an in-depth overview on the role of Rho GTPases in gynecological cancers, highlights relevant signaling pathways and pathomechanisms, and sheds light on their involvement in tumor progression, metastatic spread, and radio/chemo resistance. In addition, insights into a spectrum of novel biomarkers and innovative approaches based on the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine are provided.
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16
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Yang Z, Xu H, Zhao X. Designer Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels to Engineer 3D Cell Microenvironments for Cell Constructs Formation and Precise Oncology Remodeling in Ovarian Cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1903718. [PMID: 32382486 PMCID: PMC7201262 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Designer self-assembling peptides form the entangled nanofiber networks in hydrogels by ionic-complementary self-assembly. This type of hydrogel has realistic biological and physiochemical properties to serve as biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) for biomedical applications. The advantages and benefits are distinct from natural hydrogels and other synthetic or semisynthetic hydrogels. Designer peptides provide diverse alternatives of main building blocks to form various functional nanostructures. The entangled nanofiber networks permit essential compositional complexity and heterogeneity of engineering cell microenvironments in comparison with other hydrogels, which may reconstruct the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) in 3D cell cultures and tissue-specific modeling in vitro. Either ovarian cancer progression or recurrence and relapse are involved in the multifaceted TMEs in addition to mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, immune cells, adipocytes, and the ECM. Based on the progress in common hydrogel products, this work focuses on the diverse designer self-assembling peptide hydrogels for instructive cell constructs in tissue-specific modeling and the precise oncology remodeling for ovarian cancer, which are issued by several research aspects in a 3D context. The advantages and significance of designer peptide hydrogels are discussed, and some common approaches and coming challenges are also addressed in current complex tumor diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Yang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
- Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane BiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- GL Biochem (Shanghai) Ltd.519 Ziyue Rd.Shanghai200241P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane BiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
- Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials & Engineering)WenzhouZhejiang325001P. R. China
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17
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De P, Dey N. Mutation-Driven Signals of ARID1A and PI3K Pathways in Ovarian Carcinomas: Alteration Is An Opportunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225732. [PMID: 31731647 PMCID: PMC6888220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosome is a functionally dynamic structure. The dynamic nature of chromosome functionally connects it to almost every event within a cell, in health and sickness. Chromatin remodeling system acts in unison with the cell survival pathway in mediating a variety of cellular functions, including mitosis, differentiation, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. In humans, the 16 SWI/SNF complexes are a class of nucleosome remodelers, and ARID1A, an epigenetic tumor suppressor, is a member of mammalian 17 chromatin remodeling complex, SWI/SNF. Alterations of chromatin remodeling system contribute to tumorigenic events in various cancers, including ovarian cancers. Oncogenic changes of genes of the PI3K pathway are one of the potential genetic determinants of ovarian carcinomas. In this review, we present the data demonstrating the co-occurrence of mutations of ARID1A and the PI3K pathway in our cohort of ovarian cancers from the Avera Cancer Institute (SD, USA). Taking into account data from our cohort and the cBioPortal, we interrogate the opportunity provided by this co-occurrence in the context of mutation-driven signals in the life cycle of a tumor cell and its response to the targeted anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip De
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, SSOM, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- VieCure, Greenwood Village, CO 80112, USA
| | - Nandini Dey
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, SSOM, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Li N, Wang Y, Deng W, Lin SH. Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerases (PARPs) and PARP Inhibitor-Targeted Therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:206-212. [PMID: 30417796 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181109164645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-ADP-ribosylation, that is, adding ADP-ribose moieties to a protein, is a unique type of protein post-translational modification that regulates various cellular processes such as DNA repair, mitosis, transcription, and cell growth. Small-molecule inhibitors of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) have been developed as anticancer agents because inhibition of PARP enzymes may be a synthetic lethal strategy for cancers with or BRCA2 mutations. However, there are still questions surrounding PARP inhibitors. METHODS/RESULTS Data were collected from Pubmed, Medline, through searching of these keywords: "PARP", "BRCA", "Synthetic lethal" and "Tankyrase inhibitors". We describe the current knowledge of PARP inhibition and its effects on DNA damage; mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors; the evolution of PARP inhibitors; and the potential use of PARP5a/b (tankyrases) inhibitors in cancer treatment. CONCLUSION PARP inhibitors are already showing promise as therapeutic tools, especially in the management of BRCA-mutated breast and ovarian cancers but also in tumors with dysfunctional BRCA genes. Small-molecule tankyrase inhibitors are important for increasing our understanding of tankyrase biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.,The University of Texas, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Ali R, Alabdullah M, Miligy I, Normatova M, Babaei-Jadidi R, Nateri AS, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. ATM Regulated PTEN Degradation Is XIAP E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mediated in p85α Deficient Cancer Cells and Influence Platinum Sensitivity. Cells 2019; 8:E1271. [PMID: 31635307 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telegiectasia mutated (ATM), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and p85α are key tumour suppressors. Whether ATM regulates PTEN expression and influence platinum sensitivity is unknown. We generated ATM knockdowns (KD) and CRISPR knock outs (KO) in glioblastoma (LN18, LN229) and ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR3, OVCAR4). Doxycycline inducible PTEN expression was generated in LN18 and LN229 cells. Transient KD of p85α, CK2, and XIAP was accomplished using siRNAs. Stable p85α knock-in was isolated in LN18 cells. Molecular biology assays included proteasome activity assays, PCR, flow cytometry analysis (cell cycle, double strand break accumulation, apoptosis), immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, clonogenic, invasion, migration, and 3D neurosphere assays. The clinicopathological significance of ATM, PTEN, p85α, and XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) was evaluated in 525 human ovarian cancers using immunohistochemistry. ATM regulated PTEN is p85α dependant. ATM also controls CK2α level which in turn phosphorylates and stabilizes PTEN. In addition, p85α physically interacts with CK2α and protects CK2α from ATM regulated degradation. ATM deficiency resulted in accumulation of XIAP/p-XIAP levels which ubiquitinated PTEN and CK2α thereby directing them to degradation. ATM depletion in the context of p85α deficiency impaired cancer cell migration and invasion reduced 3D-neurosphere formation and increased toxicity to cisplatin chemotherapy. Increased sensitivity to platinum was associated with DNA double strand breaks accumulation, cell cycle arrest, and induction of autophagy. In ovarian cancer patients, ATM, PTEN, p85α, and XIAP protein levels predicted better progression free survival after platinum therapy. We unravel a previously unknown function of ATM in the regulation of PTEN throμgh XIAP mediated proteasome degradation.
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Allameh T, Danesh-Pour S, Afshar Moghadam N, Danesh-Pour S. Diagnostic Value of Cytology in Detecting Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial and Ovarian Cancers in Patients Undergoing Hysterectomy or Salpingo-Oophorectomy. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:20. [PMID: 31016178 PMCID: PMC6446583 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_191_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common cancers among women in the world. This study aimed to compare the results of endometrial and endocervical cytology with the ultimate outcome of the uterus, ovary, and fallopian tube (derived from hysterectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy) in diagnosing endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial, and OC. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 women with endometrial hyperplasia, 90 cases of endometrial cancer, 30 cases of OC, and 30 normal controls undergoing hysterectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy referring to Al-Zahra and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals in 2015–2017. Their basic and clinical characteristics were recorded, and then, endometrial cytology was performed by a specialist and sent to a pathological center. Results: Diagnostic value of cytology showed that out of 90 individuals with endometrial cancer, 78 (86.7%) ones were positive and 12 (13.3%) were negative with sensitivity and specificity of 86.67% and 100%, respectively. Its positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs) were 100% and 71.4% (AUC = 0.933; P < 0.0001). In diagnosing endometrial hyperplasia out of 30 individuals with endometrial hyperplasia, there were 24 (80.0%) positive and 6 (20.0%) negative with sensitivity and specificity of 80.00% and 100%, respectively. Its PPVs and NPVs were 100% and 83.3%, respectively (AUC = 0.9000; P < 0.0001). In diagnosing, OC cytology could not detect any one of the 30 individuals with OC, with sensitivity and specificity of 0% and 100.0%, respectively. Its PPVs and NPVs were 0% and 50%, respectively (AUC = 0.500; P = 1.00). Conclusion: Cytology has a good diagnostic value for detecting endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer compared to pathology; however, due to very low sensitivity in detection of OC, it could not be considered as a good diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajossadat Allameh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Danesh-Pour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Iran
| | - Nooshin Afshar Moghadam
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Iran
| | - Shima Danesh-Pour
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Iran
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Abstract
Objectives The role of retrospective analysis has evolved greatly in cancer research. We undertook this network meta-analysis to evaluate retrospectively the diagnostic value of ROMA in ovarian cancer. Materials and methods We systematically retrieved 56 relevant articles published about ROMA index from 2009–2018 and about ovarian cancer from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed and EMBASE. Data were comprehensively analyzed by Rev-Man 5.3 and MetaDisc 12.4 software. Results Data of 5,954 cases were retrieved from 23 literatures. Among them, 2,117 cases were in the ovarian cancer group and 3,837 cases in the control group. The pooled estimates for the ROMA index were sensitivity: 0.90 (95% CI: 0.88–0.93), specificity: 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94), positive predictive: 0.90 (95% CI: 0.88–0.95), negative predictive: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91–0.95), and area under ROC curve: 0.96, compared to 0.71 (95% CI: 0.56–0.82), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80–0.92), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78–0.86), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90–0.94), and 0.88 of HE4, respectively. Conclusions This meta-analysis confirms that the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm can facilitate the diagnosis of ovarian cancer to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranliang Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China,
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- The Third Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China,
| | - Yueguo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China,
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Lai YH, Kuo C, Kuo MT, Chen HHW. Modulating Chemosensitivity of Tumors to Platinum-Based Antitumor Drugs by Transcriptional Regulation of Copper Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051486. [PMID: 29772714 PMCID: PMC5983780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum (Pt)-based antitumor agents have been effective in treating many human malignancies. Drug importing, intracellular shuffling, and exporting—carried out by the high-affinity copper (Cu) transporter (hCtr1), Cu chaperone (Ato x1), and Cu exporters (ATP7A and ATP7B), respectively—cumulatively contribute to the chemosensitivity of Pt drugs including cisplatin and carboplatin, but not oxaliplatin. This entire system can also handle Pt drugs via interactions between Pt and the thiol-containing amino acid residues in these proteins; the interactions are strongly influenced by cellular redox regulators such as glutathione. hCtr1 expression is induced by acute Cu deprivation, and the induction is regulated by the transcription factor specific protein 1 (Sp1) which by itself is also regulated by Cu concentration variations. Copper displaces zinc (Zn) coordination at the zinc finger (ZF) domains of Sp1 and inactivates its DNA binding, whereas Cu deprivation enhances Sp1-DNA interactions and increases Sp1 expression, which in turn upregulates hCtr1. Because of the shared transport system, chemosensitivity of Pt drugs can be modulated by targeting Cu transporters. A Cu-lowering agent (trientine) in combination with a Pt drug (carboplatin) has been used in clinical studies for overcoming Pt-resistance. Future research should aim at further developing effective Pt drug retention strategies for improving the treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Chin Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Macus Tien Kuo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Helen H W Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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Chien J, Neums L, Powell AFLA, Torres M, Kalli KR, Multinu F, Shridhar V, Mariani A. Genetic Evidence for Early Peritoneal Spreading in Pelvic High-Grade Serous Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:58. [PMID: 29594039 PMCID: PMC5858520 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most pelvic high-grade serous (HGS) carcinomas have been proposed to arise from tubal primaries that progress rapidly to advanced disease. However, the temporal sequence of ovarian and peritoneal metastases is not well characterized. Methods To establish the sequence of metastases, phylogenetic relationships among the ovarian and peritoneal carcinomas were determined from single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in nine tumor regions from each patient with pelvic HGS carcinomas. Somatic SNVs from each tumor sample were used to reconstruct phylogenies of samples from each patient. Variant allele frequencies were used to reconstruct subclone phylogenies in each tumor sample. Results We show that pelvic HGS carcinomas are highly heterogeneous, only sharing less than 4% of somatic SNVs among all nine carcinoma implants in one patient. TP53 mutations are found in all nine carcinoma implants in each patient. The phylogenetic analyses reveal that peritoneal metastases arose from early branching events that preceded branching events for ovarian carcinomas in some patients. Finally, subclone phylogenies indicate the presence of multiple subclones at each tumor implant and early tumor clones in peritoneal implants. Conclusion The genetic evidence that peritoneal implants arose before or concurrently with ovarian implants is consistent with the emerging concept of the extra-ovarian origin of pelvic HGS cancer. Our results challenge the concept of stepwise spatial progression from the fallopian primary to ovarian carcinomas to peritoneal dissemination and suggest an alternative progression model where peritoneal spreading of early clones occurs before or in parallel with ovarian metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Chien
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Lisa Neums
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Alexis F L A Powell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, Emporia, KS, United States
| | - Michelle Torres
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kimberly R Kalli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Francesco Multinu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andrea Mariani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Liao Z, Rodrigues MC, Poynter JN, Amatruda JF, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Frazier AL. Risk of second malignant neoplasms in women and girls with germ cell tumors. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:329-332. [PMID: 27864217 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While an elevated risk of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) has been observed in men treated for germ cell tumors (GCTs), risk of SMNs have not been quantified in adult women or in girls treated for GCTs. Patients and methods One-year survivors of primary GCTs diagnosed between January 1980 and December 2012 were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER 9) registries. Risk of SMNs was calculated using SEER*Stat. Results Among 1507 patients, a total of 47 SMNs were identified. The overall risk of SMNs was not elevated in females overall or in females treated for GCT during adulthood although SMN sites (pancreas, soft tissue, bladder, kidney, and thyroid) and trends were comparable with those in men. There were too few childhood GCT cases with SMNs for further analysis. Conclusions Unlike men, women treated for GCTs did not have a statistically significant elevated risk of SMNs [standardized incidence ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.81-1.47]. The fact that SMNs in women occur in sites similar to those observed in men indicate that long-term follow-up of a larger cohort of females treated for GCT is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston.,Interdepartmental Program in Biochemistry, Wellesley College, Wellesley, USA
| | - M C Rodrigues
- Medical Science, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J N Poynter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research.,Departments of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - J F Amatruda
- Departments of Pediatrics, Molecular Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - C Rodriguez-Galindo
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - A L Frazier
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
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25
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Li J, Chen H, Curcuru JR, Patel S, Johns TO, Patel D, Qian H, Jiang SW. Serum HE4 Level as a Biomarker to Predict the Recurrence of Gynecologic Cancers. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 18:1158-1164. [PMID: 28382859 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170404154929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HE4 may be a valuable early indicator of the recurrence of gynecologic cancers. Numerous studies have shown that high expression levels of serum HE4 correlate with ovarian and endometrial cancer recurrence. High HE4 levels may be an independent factor to predict these cancers' poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE This literature review investigates the relationship between serum HE4 levels and the recurrence of ovarian and endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION HE4 displays malignant behavior by promoting cancer cells to skip from G1 phase to S phase, maintaining cell viability, encouraging cell proliferation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and increasing resistance to drug treatments. Further studies are required to verify that elevated serum HE4 levels correlate with the recurrence of ovarian and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China
| | - John R Curcuru
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31404, United States
| | - Sheena Patel
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31404, United States
| | - Taylor O Johns
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31404, United States
| | - Dimple Patel
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31404, United States
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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George SHL, Garcia R, Slomovitz BM. Ovarian Cancer: The Fallopian Tube as the Site of Origin and Opportunities for Prevention. Front Oncol 2016; 6:108. [PMID: 27200296 PMCID: PMC4852190 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and aggressive histotype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and it is the predominant histotype associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are responsible for most of the known causes of HBOC, while mutations in mismatch repair genes and several genes of moderate penetrance are responsible for the remaining known hereditary risk. Women with a history of familial ovarian cancer or with known germline mutations in highly penetrant genes are offered the option of risk-reducing surgery that involves the removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes (salpingo-oophorectomy). Growing evidence now supports the fallopian tube epithelia as an etiological site for the development of HGSC and consequently, salpingectomy alone is emerging as a prophylactic option. This review discusses the site of origin of EOC, the rationale for risk-reducing salpingectomy in the high-risk population, and opportunities for salpingectomy in the low-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia H L George
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ruslan Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Brian M Slomovitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Duan X, Liu D, Chan C, Lin W. Polymeric Micelle-Mediated Delivery of DNA-Targeting Organometallic Complexes for Resistant Ovarian Cancer Treatment. Small 2015; 11:3962-72. [PMID: 25963931 PMCID: PMC4635029 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Three half-sandwich iridium and ruthenium organometallic complexes with high cytotoxicity are synthesized, and their anticancer mechanisms are elucidated. The organometallic complexes can interact with DNA through coordination or intercalation, thereby inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of resistant cancer cells. The organometallic complexes are then incorporated into polymeric micelles through the polymer-metal coordination between poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(glutamic acid) [PEG-b-P(Glu)] and organometallic complexes to further enhance their anticancer effects as a result of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The micelles with particle sizes of ≈60 nm are more efficiently internalized by cancer cells than the corresponding complexes, and selectively dissociate and release organometallic anticancer agents within late endosomes and lysosomes, thereby enhancing drug delivery to the nuclei of cancer cells and facilitating their interactions with DNA. Thus, the micelles display higher antitumor activity than the organometallic complexes alone with a lack of the systemic toxicity in a mouse xenograft model of cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer. These results suggest that the polymeric micelles carrying anticancer organometallic complexes provide a promising platform for the treatment of resistant ovarian cancer and other hard-to-treat solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopin Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 E 57 St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 E 57 St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christina Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 E 57 St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 E 57 St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Yildirim M, Demir Cendek B, Filiz Avsar A. Differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian masses in the preoperative period using neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:317-321. [PMID: 25798260 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the pathological diagnosis of adnexal masses. The predictive effect of inflammatory markers on epithelial ovarian cancer was also investigated. The present study included a total of 306 patients with adnexal masses who underwent surgical resection and the diagnosis was based on pathological investigation. The patients were divided into six groups based on their pathological findings and compared with respect to their NLR and PLR values. We used receiver-operating characteristic curves to calculate optimal cut-off values for NLR and PLR to predict ovarian cancer preoperatively. Patients with ovarian cancer exhibited significantly higher NLR and PLR values (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher NLR and PLR values predicted ovarian cancer at the cut-off value of 3.35, sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 81% for NLR [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.544-0.752, P<0.05] and at the cut-off value of 572.9, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 0.38% for PLR (95% CI: 0.192-0. 381, P=0.001). Therefore, preoperative NLR and PLR values may help identify ovarian cancer in patients with adnexal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melahat Yildirim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Bilkent
| | - Busra Demir Cendek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sincan Dr. Nafiz Korez State Hospital, Sincan
| | - Ayse Filiz Avsar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
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