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Bertucci A, Harlay V, Chinot O, Tabouret E. Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in older patients. Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:373-381. [PMID: 37498077 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare, chemo and radio-sensitive tumor limited to the central nervous system. The incidence of PCSNL increases notably in the elderly population which represented approximately half of the patients. The limit of 'elderly' population remained debated and nonuniform, including 60 years as a cutoff for brain radiotherapy, 65 years for autologous stem-cell transplantation, and 70 years for the last clinical trials. Current therapeutic options include first line treatment based on high-dose methotrexate based polychemotherapy, consolidation chemotherapy, and adapted autologous stem cell transplantation for highly selected patients. At relapse, single agent targeted therapies or salvage chemotherapy followed by intensive consolidation are promising therapeutic options. Nevertheless, improving management of elderly patients is an urgent medical need that currently remains unresolved. OBJECTIVE We will focus on elderly patients with PCNSL and their specificities including clinical presentations, available therapeutic options and adaptations to be made. CONCLUSION To improve survival, it will be necessary to personalized and adapt the treatments, to each patient and his comorbidities, to increase their effectiveness and limit their toxicity in this frail population. Finally, inclusion of these patients in clinical trials is one of the major challenges to significantly change PCNSL elderly patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Chinot
- APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Neurooncologie
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Emeline Tabouret
- APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Neurooncologie
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
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2
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Zhang Y, Barupal DK, Fan S, Gao B, Zhu C, Flenniken AM, McKerlie C, Nutter LMJ, Lloyd KCK, Fiehn O. Sexual Dimorphism of the Mouse Plasma Metabolome Is Associated with Phenotypes of 30 Gene Knockout Lines. Metabolites 2023; 13:947. [PMID: 37623890 PMCID: PMC10456929 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although metabolic alterations are observed in many monogenic and complex genetic disorders, the impact of most mammalian genes on cellular metabolism remains unknown. Understanding the effect of mouse gene dysfunction on metabolism can inform the functions of their human orthologues. We investigated the effect of loss-of-function mutations in 30 unique gene knockout (KO) lines on plasma metabolites, including genes coding for structural proteins (11 of 30), metabolic pathway enzymes (12 of 30) and protein kinases (7 of 30). Steroids, bile acids, oxylipins, primary metabolites, biogenic amines and complex lipids were analyzed with dedicated mass spectrometry platforms, yielding 827 identified metabolites in male and female KO mice and wildtype (WT) controls. Twenty-two percent of 23,698 KO versus WT comparison tests showed significant genotype effects on plasma metabolites. Fifty-six percent of identified metabolites were significantly different between the sexes in WT mice. Many of these metabolites were also found to have sexually dimorphic changes in KO lines. We used plasma metabolites to complement phenotype information exemplified for Dhfr, Idh1, Mfap4, Nek2, Npc2, Phyh and Sra1. The association of plasma metabolites with IMPC phenotypes showed dramatic sexual dimorphism in wildtype mice. We demonstrate how to link metabolomics to genotypes and (disease) phenotypes. Sex must be considered as critical factor in the biological interpretation of gene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dinesh K. Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Sili Fan
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- College of Medicine & Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Ann M. Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lauryl M. J. Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kevin C. Kent Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, and Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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3
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Choi SW, Friso S. Modulation of DNA methylation by one-carbon metabolism: a milestone for healthy aging. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:597-615. [PMID: 37529262 PMCID: PMC10375321 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.4.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging can be defined as an extended lifespan and health span. Nutrition has been regarded as an important factor in healthy aging, because nutrients, bioactive food components, and diets have demonstrated beneficial effects on aging hallmarks such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, apoptosis and autophagy, genomic stability, and immune function. Nutrition also plays a role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and DNA methylation is the most extensively investigated epigenetic phenomenon in aging. Interestingly, age-associated DNA methylation can be modulated by one-carbon metabolism or inhibition of DNA methyltransferases. One-carbon metabolism ultimately controls the balance between the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine and the methyltransferase inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine. Water-soluble B-vitamins such as folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 serve as coenzymes for multiple steps in one-carbon metabolism, whereas methionine, choline, betaine, and serine act as methyl donors. Thus, these one-carbon nutrients can modify age-associated DNA methylation and subsequently alter the age-associated physiologic and pathologic processes. We cannot elude aging per se but we may at least change age-associated DNA methylation, which could mitigate age-associated diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul 06062, Korea
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Simonetta Friso
- Unit of Internal Medicine B and ‘Epigenomics and Gene-Nutrient Interactions’ Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Policlinico “G.B. Rossi,” 37134 Verona, Italy
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4
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Resistance Mechanisms in Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063067. [PMID: 35328487 PMCID: PMC8950780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of medicine, even nowadays, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still a problem for pediatric clinicians. Modern medicine has reached a limit of curability even though the recovery rate exceeds 90%. Relapse occurs in around 20% of treated patients and, regrettably, 10% of diagnosed ALL patients are still incurable. In this article, we would like to focus on the treatment resistance and disease relapse of patients with B-cell leukemia in the context of prognostic factors of ALL. We demonstrate the mechanisms of the resistance to steroid therapy and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and assess the impact of genetic factors on the treatment resistance, especially TCF3::HLF translocation. We compare therapeutic protocols and decipher how cancer cells become resistant to innovative treatments—including CAR-T-cell therapies and monoclonal antibodies. The comparisons made in our article help to bring closer the main factors of resistance in hematologic malignancies in the context of ALL.
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Heppler LN, Attarha S, Persaud R, Brown JI, Wang P, Petrova B, Tošić I, Burton FB, Flamand Y, Walker SR, Yeh JE, Zubarev RA, Gaetani M, Kanarek N, Page BDG, Frank DA. The antimicrobial drug pyrimethamine inhibits STAT3 transcriptional activity by targeting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101531. [PMID: 34953855 PMCID: PMC8800111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often characterized by aberrant gene expression patterns caused by the inappropriate activation of transcription factors. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key transcriptional regulator of many protumorigenic processes and is persistently activated in many types of human cancer. However, like many transcription factors, STAT3 has proven difficult to target clinically. To address this unmet clinical need, we previously developed a cell-based assay of STAT3 transcriptional activity and performed an unbiased and high-throughput screen of small molecules known to be biologically active in humans. We identified the antimicrobial drug pyrimethamine as a novel and specific inhibitor of STAT3 transcriptional activity. Here, we show that pyrimethamine does not significantly affect STAT3 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, or DNA binding at concentrations sufficient to inhibit STAT3 transcriptional activity, suggesting a potentially novel mechanism of inhibition. To identify the direct molecular target of pyrimethamine and further elucidate the mechanism of action, we used a new quantitative proteome profiling approach called proteome integral solubility alteration coupled with a metabolomic analysis. We identified human dihydrofolate reductase as a target of pyrimethamine and demonstrated that the STAT3-inhibitory effects of pyrimethamine are the result of a deficiency in reduced folate downstream of dihydrofolate reductase inhibition, implicating folate metabolism in the regulation of STAT3 transcriptional activity. This study reveals a previously unknown regulatory node of the STAT3 pathway that may be important for the development of novel strategies to treat STAT3-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Heppler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanaz Attarha
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosanne Persaud
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer I Brown
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Boryana Petrova
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isidora Tošić
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Foster B Burton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yael Flamand
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah R Walker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E Yeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Chemical Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Massimiliano Gaetani
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Chemical Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naama Kanarek
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brent D G Page
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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6
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Chen X, Xue Y, Wang L, Weng Y, Li S, Lü W, Xie X, Cheng X. Lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein mediates methotrexate resistance in choriocarcinoma cell lines. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2076-2086. [PMID: 35038949 PMCID: PMC8973873 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2022844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Choriocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive gestational trophoblastic neoplasias (GTN). Methotrexate (MTX) resistance is the main cause of treatment failure in choriocarcinoma. However, the mechanism of MTX resistance in choriocarcinoma is poorly known. This study aims to explore the function of Lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) in MTX-resistance in choriocarcinoma cells. Gradual dose escalation of MTX was used to establish MTX-resistant choriocarcinoma cells (JAR-MTX and JEG3-MTX cell lines). RNA-sequencing was used to explore the differentially expressed genes. Plasmids or SiRNA transfection was used to regulate the expression of LGALS3BP. ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of LGALS3BP in the serum of MTX-sensitive and MTX-resistant patients. qRT-PCR, Western blot, and CCK-8 assay were used to determine the effects of LGALS3BP on MTX-resistance in JAR and JEG3 cells. The results showed the relative resistance index (RI) of MTX is 791.50 and 1040.04 in JAR-MTX and JEG3-MTX, respectively. LGALS3BP was up-regulated in MTX-resistant cells compared to original cells in both RNA and protein level. The concentrations of LGALS3BP were higher in the sera of MTX-resistant patients than in MTX-sensitive patients. Knocking down LGALS3BP can reverse the MTX-resistance in JAR-MTX and JEG3-MTX cells. In summary, we preliminarily established two MTX-resistant cells, and performed RNA-sequencing, and found LGALS3BP may play important role in MTX-resistance. Our work not only provides a research tool (MTX-resistant cells) for other researchers, but gives some hint on how MTX resistance is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoJing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yite Xue
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Weng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sen Li
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Lü
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Liu Y, Yao Q, Zhang F. Diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma in the elderly population (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 58:371-387. [PMID: 33650642 PMCID: PMC7864151 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare subtype of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is unique and different from systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. The median age at diagnosis of PCNSL is 65 years and its incidence is rising rapidly in the elderly population. A total of ≥20% of all patients with PCNSL are ≥80 years old. Notably, age has been identified as an independent poor prognostic factor for PCNSL. Elderly patients have an inferior prognosis to that of younger patients and are more severely affected by iatrogenic toxicity; therefore, elderly patients represent a unique and vulnerable treatment subgroup. The present review summarized the available literature to provide an improved understanding of the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, prognosis and management of PCNSL in the elderly population. Notably, the incidence of PCNSL in immunocompetent elderly patients, predominantly in men, is increasing. For the diagnosis of CNSL, imaging-guided stereotactic biopsy is considered the gold standard. When stereotactic biopsy is not possible or conclusive, certain biomarkers have been described that can help establish a diagnosis. PCNSL has a very poor prognosis in the elderly, even though several prognostic scoring systems exist and several prognostic markers have been reported in patients with PCNSL. Furthermore, the treatment of elderly patients remains challenging; it is unlikely that a novel agent could be used as a curative monotherapy; however, a combination of novel agents with polychemotherapy or its combination with other novel drugs may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qingmin Yao
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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8
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Oosterom N, Fiocco M, Kloos RQH, van der Sluis IM, Pieters R, van Zelst BD, Smith DEC, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, de Jonge R, Heil SG. The evaluation of red blood cell folate and methotrexate levels during protocol M in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:940. [PMID: 32998716 PMCID: PMC7526241 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After High-Dose Methotrexate (HD-MTX), folinic acid rescue therapy (Leucovorin) is administered to reduce side effects in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Leucovorin and MTX are structural analogues, possibly competing for cellular transport and intracellular metabolism. We hypothesize that Leucovorin accumulates during consecutive courses, which might result in a lower MTX uptake. METHODS We prospectively measured red blood cell (RBC) folate and MTX levels during four HD-MTX and Leucovorin courses in 43 patients treated according the DCOG ALL-11 protocol with 2-weekly HD-MTX (5 g/m2/dose) and Leucovorin (15 mg/m2/dose) using LC-MS/MS. We estimated a linear mixed model to assess the relationship between these variables over time. RESULTS Both RBC MTX-PG and folate levels increased significantly during protocol M. MTX-PG2-5 levels increased most substantially after the first two HD-MTX courses (until median 113.0 nmol/L, IQR 76.8-165.2) after which levels plateaued during the 3d and 4th course (until median 141.3 nmol/L, IQR 100.2-190.2). In parallel, folate levels increased most substantially after the first two HD-MTX courses (until median 401.6 nmol/L, IQR 163.3-594.2) after which levels plateaued during the 3d and 4th course (until median 411.5 nmol/L, IQR 240.3-665.6). The ratio folate/MTX-PG decreased significantly over time, which was mostly due to the relatively higher increase (delta) of MTX-PG. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the increase in RBC folate levels does not seem to have a large effect on RBC MTX levels. Future studies, assessing competition of Leucovorin and MTX on other cellular mechanisms which might negatively affect treatment efficacy, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Oosterom
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Postbus 113, 3720 AC Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Fiocco
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Postbus 113, 3720 AC Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Medical Statistics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Q H Kloos
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I M van der Sluis
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Postbus 113, 3720 AC Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Pieters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Postbus 113, 3720 AC Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B D van Zelst
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D E C Smith
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - R de Jonge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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GSEA-assisted gene signatures valid for combinations of prognostic markers in PCNSL. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8435. [PMID: 32439996 PMCID: PMC7242340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a brain malignant non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphoma. The standard treatments are high-dose methotrexate (MTX)-based chemotherapies and deferred whole brain radiotherapy. However, MTX resistance-dependent global expression and signaling pathway changes and their relationship with prognoses have not yet been elucidated. Here, we conducted a global expression analysis with next-generation sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) in MTX-resistant PCNSL cell lines (HKBML-MTX and TK-MTX) and PCNSL tissues. In rank scores, genes listed in HKBML-MTX and TK-MTX were enriched in PCNSL with poor prognoses. In fold changes, a part of differentially-expressed genes in PCNSL tissues were also detected in HKBML-MTX and TK-MTX cells; FOXD2-AS1 and MMP19 were commonly expressed in both HKBML-MTX and TK-MTX, FABP5 and CD70 were HKBML-MTX-specifically expressed, and CLCN2, HOXB9, INE1, and LRP5L were TK-MTX-specifically expressed, which may provide a combination of prognostic markers on MTX-sensitivities in PCNSL. Additionally, PCNSL subgroups, divided with hierarchical clustering and Kaplan-Meier methods, included twenty commonly expressed genes in both HKBML-MTX and TK-MTX, ten HKBML-MTX-specifically expressed genes, and two TK-MTX-specifically expressed genes. These results suggest that the GSEA-assisted gene signatures can provide a combination for prognostic markers in recurrent PCNSL with MTX resistances.
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10
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Jun F, Peng Z, Zhang Y, Shi D. Quantitative proteomic analysis identifies novel regulators of methotrexate resistance in choriocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 157:268-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Alkhatib MH, Alyamani SA, Abdu F. Incorporation of methotrexate into coconut oil nanoemulsion potentiates its antiproliferation activity and attenuates its oxidative stress. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:422-430. [PMID: 32133872 PMCID: PMC7067161 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1736209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), a chemotherapeutic agent, has limited clinical applications due to its pulmonary and neurotoxicity. The antineoplastic activity of MTX-NE COCO, which is MTX formulated in coconut oil nanoemulsion (NE), was evaluated in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells while its adverse side effects on the oxidative stress of the lung and brain were assessed in mice. The z-average diameter for the dispersed nanodroplet of MTX-NE COCO (79.74 ± 3.49 nm) was considerably greater than the free-NE COCO (64.80 ± 3.34 nm). In contrast, the magnitude of the negative z-potential of MTX-NE COCO (3.00 ± 0.69 mV) was markedly less than that of free-NE COCO (8.20 ± 0.76 mV). The minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of MTX-NE COCO (18 ± 1.8 µM) was less than the IC50 of free MTX (32 ± 1.2 µM) by around twofold. The in vivo evaluation of the MTX-NE COCO treatment revealed that the antioxidant enzymes activities of the brain and lung tissues, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase, were relatively raised while the malondialdehyde amount was diminished when compared to the free MTX treatment. In conclusion, combining MTX with coconut oil in a NE had improved its efficacy while ameliorating its oxidative stress effect on the brain and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayson H Alkhatib
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza A Alyamani
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiza Abdu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Takashima Y, Yoshimura T, Kano Y, Hayano A, Hondoh H, Ikenaka K, Yamanaka R. Differential expression of N-linked oligosaccharides in methotrexate-resistant primary central nervous system lymphoma cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:910. [PMID: 31510952 PMCID: PMC6739943 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oligosaccharides of glycoprotein, particularly negatively-charged sialylated N-glycans, on the surface of lymphomas play important roles in cell–cell interactions and bind immunoglobulin-like lectins, causing inflammatory responses and bioregulation. However, their characterizations have largely been unknown in central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. Methods Here, we investigated expression patterns of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins in cells derived from CNS lymphomas and clinical specimens. Results We first generated methotrexate (MTX)-resistant cells derived from HKBML and TK as CNS lymphoma, and RAJI as non-CNS lymphoma and determined N-linked oligosaccharide structures in these cells and other non-CNS lymphoma-derived cells including A4/FUK, OYB, and HBL1. Major components of the total oligosaccharides were high-mannose type N-glycans, whose level increased in MTX-resistant HKBML and TK but decreased in MTX-resistant RAJI. We also detected sialylated biantennary galactosylated N-glycans with α1,6-fucosylation, A2G2F, and A2G2FB from HKBML, TK, and RAJI. Sialylated A4G4F was specifically isolated from RAJI. However, the ratios of these sialylated N-glycans slightly decreased against MTX-resistant compared to non-resistant cells. Interestingly, almost all complex-type oligosaccharides were α2,6-sialylated. Discussion This is the first study for the expression profile of N-oligosaccharides on MTX-resistant primary CNS lymphoma-derived cells HKBML and TK, and tumor tissues resected from patients with CNS lymphoma, Conclusion These results propose a possibility that the differential expression of high-mannose types and sialylated A2G2F, A2G2FB, and A4G4F on the surface of CNS lymphomas may provide a hint for targets for diagnoses and treatments of the oligosaccharide type-specific lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Takashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshimura
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Present Address: Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kano
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Azusa Hayano
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hondoh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, 930-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ryuya Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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Differential expression of individual transcript variants of PD-1 and PD-L2 genes on Th-1/Th-2 status is guaranteed for prognosis prediction in PCNSL. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10004. [PMID: 31292525 PMCID: PMC6620277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In current molecular medicine, next-generation sequencing (NGS) for transcript variant detection and multivariable analyses are valid methods for evaluating gene expression, cancer mechanisms, and prognoses of patients. We conducted RNA-sequencing on samples from patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) using NGS and performed multivariable analysis on gene expression data and correlations focused on Th-1/Th-2 helper T cell balance and immune checkpoint to identify diagnosis/prognosis markers and cancer immune pathways in PCNSL. We selected 84 transcript variants to limit the analysis range for Th-1/Th-2 balance and stimulatory and inhibitory checkpoints in 31 PCNSLs. Of these, 21 highly-expressed transcript variants were composed of the formulas for prognoses based on Th-1/Th-2 status and checkpoint activities. Using formulas, Th-1low, Th-2high, and stimulatory checkpointhigh resulted in poor prognoses. Further, Th-1highTh-2low was associated with good prognoses. On the other hand, CD40-001high and CD70-001high as stimulatory genes, and LAG3-001high, PDCD1 (PD-1)-001/002/003high, and PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2)-201low as inhibitory genes were associated with poor prognoses. Interestingly, Th-1highTh-2low and Th-1lowTh-2high were correlated with stimulatory checkpointlow as CD70-001low and inhibitory checkpointlow as HAVCR2 (TIM-3)-001low and PDCD1LG2-001/201low, respectively. Focused on the inhibitory checkpoint, specific variants of CD274 (PD-L1)-001 and PDCD1-002 served severe hazard ratios. In particular, PDCD1-002high by a cut off score was associated with poor prognoses, in addition to PDCD1-001/003high, PDCD1LG2-201low, and LAG3-001high. These results mainly suggest that expression of transcript variants of PDCD1 and PDCD1LG2 on the Th-1/Th-2 balance enable prognostic prediction in PCNSL. This study provides insights for development of molecular target therapies and identification of diagnosis/prognosis markers in PCNSL.
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Molecular and Kinetic Analyses of Circulating Tumor Cells as Predictive Markers of Treatment Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070641. [PMID: 31247977 PMCID: PMC6679115 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). To justify a non-surgical approach, identification of pathologic complete response (pCR) is required. Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be used to evaluate pCR. We hypothesize that monitoring of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and excision repair protein, RAD23 homolog B (RAD23B), can be used to predict resistance to chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Therefore, the aims of this study were to analyze CTCs from patients with LARC who underwent NCRT plus surgery for expression of TYMS/RAD23B and to evaluate their predictive value. Blood samples from 30 patients were collected prior to NCRT (S1) and prior to surgery (S2). CTCs were isolated and quantified by ISET®, proteins were analyzed by immunocytochemistry, and TYMS mRNA was detected by chromogenic in situ hybridization. CTC counts decreased between S1 and S2 in patients exhibiting pCR (p = 0.02) or partial response (p = 0.01). Regarding protein expression, TYMS was absent in 100% of CTCs from patients with pCR (p = 0.001) yet was expressed in 83% of non-responders at S2 (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, RAD23B was expressed in CTCs from 75% of non-responders at S1 (p = 0.01) and in 100% of non-responders at S2 (p = 0.001). Surprisingly, 100% of non-responders expressed TYMS mRNA at both timepoints (p = 0.001). In addition, TYMS/RAD23B was not detected in the CTCs of patients exhibiting pCR (p = 0.001). We found 83.3% of sensitivity for TYMS mRNA at S1 (p = 0.001) and 100% for TYMS (p = 0.064) and RAD23B (p = 0.01) protein expression at S2. Thus, TYMS mRNA and/or TYMS/RAD23B expression in CTCs, as well as CTC kinetics, have the potential to predict non-response to NCRT and avoid unnecessary radical surgery for LARC patients with pCR.
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Hayano A, Takashima Y, Yamanaka R. Cell-type-specific sensitivity of bortezomib in the methotrexate-resistant primary central nervous system lymphoma cells. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:1020-1029. [PMID: 30993483 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is used in first-line treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), but most cases result in relapse-acquired resistance to MTX. However, only few studies have reported on internal changes and chemotherapies in PCNSL. METHODS In this study, we generated two MTX-resistant PCNSL cell lines, designated MTX-HKBML and MTX-TK, in addition to a MTX-resistant Burkitt lymphoma cell line, designated MTX-RAJI. We examined gene expression changes and drug sensitivity to a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, in these cells. RESULTS Cytotoxic tests revealed that the 50% inhibitory concentration for MTX in MTX-HKBML is markedly higher than that in the other two cell lines. Expression of the genes in MTX and folate metabolisms, including gamma-glutamyl hydrolase and dihydrofolate reductase, are upregulated in both MTX-HKBML and MTX-TK, whereas the gene expression of folylpolyglutamate synthetase, thymidylate synthase, and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 were upregulated and downregulated in MTX-HKBML and MTX-TK, respectively, on the other hand, bortezomib sensitivity was observed in MTX-TK, as compared with control TK, but not in MTX-HKBML. CONCLUSION These results indicate the cell-type-specific changes downstream of metabolic pathways for MTX and folate, bortezomib sensitivity, and purine and pyrimidine syntheses, in each PCNSL cell line. The MTX-resistant lymphoma cell lines established may be useful for in vitro relapse models for MTX and development of salvage chemotherapy and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Hayano
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryuya Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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DeMott CM, Majumder S, Burz DS, Reverdatto S, Shekhtman A. Ribosome Mediated Quinary Interactions Modulate In-Cell Protein Activities. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4117-4126. [PMID: 28715177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are present inside bacterial cells at micromolar concentrations and occupy up to 20% of the cell volume. Under these conditions, even weak quinary interactions between ribosomes and cytosolic proteins can affect protein activity. By using in-cell and in vitro NMR spectroscopy, and biophysical techniques, we show that the enzymes, adenylate kinase and dihydrofolate reductase, and the respective coenzymes, ATP and NADPH, bind to ribosomes with micromolar affinity, and that this interaction suppresses the enzymatic activities of both enzymes. Conversely, thymidylate synthase, which works together with dihydrofolate reductase in the thymidylate synthetic pathway, is activated by ribosomes. We also show that ribosomes impede diffusion of green fluorescent protein in vitro and contribute to the decrease in diffusion in vivo. These results strongly suggest that ribosome-mediated quinary interactions contribute to the differences between in vitro and in vivo protein activities and that ribosomes play a previously under-appreciated nontranslational role in regulating cellular biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M DeMott
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany , Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Subhabrata Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany , Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - David S Burz
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany , Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Sergey Reverdatto
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany , Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany , Albany, New York 12222, United States
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