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Wu H, He Z, Yang L, Li H. Effect of heme proteins on the lipid molecule profile and aroma formation during hot air drying of non-smoked bacon. Food Chem 2024; 448:139111. [PMID: 38547712 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Heme proteins and their derivatives play important roles in inducing lipid oxidation to produce volatile compounds during bacon drying. This study investigated the effects of heme proteins and their derivatives (hemoglobin, myoglobin, nitrosylmyoglobin, hemin, Fe2+, and Fe3+) on lipid and volatiles profiles in the washed pig muscle (WPM) model. The results of the study indicated that the inducers primarily caused the oxidation of glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, hemoglobin and myoglobin had the most significant impact, and their potential substrates may include PE (O-18:2/20:4), PE (O-18:1/20:4), PC (16:0/18:1), and PE (O-18:2/18:2). Nitrosomyoglobin has limited ability to promote lipid oxidation and may protect ether phospholipids from oxidation. The analysis of the volatiles in the model revealed that heme proteins and their derivatives have the ability to induce the production of key aroma compounds. The descending order of effectiveness in inducing the production of aroma compounds is as follows: hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemin, and nitrosylmyoglobin. The effectiveness of Fe2+ and Fe3+ is similar to that of nitrosylmyoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhifei He
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China.
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2
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Ashraf S, Qaiser H, Tariq S, Khalid A, Makeen HA, Alhazmi HA, Ul-Haq Z. Unraveling the versatility of human serum albumin - A comprehensive review of its biological significance and therapeutic potential. Curr Res Struct Biol 2023; 6:100114. [PMID: 38111902 PMCID: PMC10726258 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is a multi-domain macromolecule with diverse ligand binding capability because of its ability to allow allosteric modulation despite being a monomeric protein. Physiologically, HSA act as the primary carrier for various exogenous and endogenous compounds and fatty acids, and alter the pharmacokinetic properties of several drugs. It has antioxidant properties and is utilized therapeutically to improve the drug delivery of pharmacological agents for the treatment of several disorders. The flexibility of albumin in holding various types of drugs coupled with a variety of modifications makes this protein a versatile drug carrier with incalculable potential in therapeutics. This review provides a brief outline of the different structural properties of HSA, and its various binding sites, moreover, an overview of the genetic, biomedical, and allosteric modulation of drugs and drug delivery aspects of HSA is also included, which may be helpful in guiding advanced clinical applications and further research on the therapeutic potential of this extraordinary protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajda Ashraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75210, Pakistan
| | - Hina Qaiser
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75210, Pakistan
| | - Sumayya Tariq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75210, Pakistan
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box: 2424, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75210, Pakistan
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3
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Mueller NPF, Carloni P, Alfonso-Prieto M. Molecular determinants of acrylamide neurotoxicity through covalent docking. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1125871. [PMID: 36937867 PMCID: PMC10018202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1125871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is formed during food processing by Maillard reaction between sugars and proteins at high temperatures. It is also used in many industries, from water waste treatment to manufacture of paper, fabrics, dyes and cosmetics. Unfortunately, cumulative exposure to acrylamide, either from diet or at the workplace, may result in neurotoxicity. Such adverse effects arise from covalent adducts formed between acrylamide and cysteine residues of several neuronal proteins via a Michael addition reaction. The molecular determinants of acrylamide reactivity and its impact on protein function are not completely understood. Here we have compiled a list of acrylamide protein targets reported so far in the literature in connection with neurotoxicity and performed a systematic covalent docking study. Our results indicate that acrylamide binding to cysteine is favored in the presence of nearby positively charged amino acids, such as lysines and arginines. For proteins with more than one reactive Cys, docking scores were able to discriminate between the primary ACR modification site and secondary sites modified only at high ACR concentrations. Therefore, docking scores emerge as a potential filter to predict Cys reactivity against acrylamide. Inspection of the ACR-protein complex structures provides insights into the putative functional consequences of ACR modification, especially for non-enzyme proteins. Based on our study, covalent docking is a promising computational tool to predict other potential protein targets mediating acrylamide neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pierre Friedrich Mueller
- Institute for Advanced Simulations IAS-5, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Institute for Advanced Simulations IAS-5, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- Institute for Advanced Simulations IAS-5, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto,
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4
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Leboffe L, di Masi A, Polticelli F, Trezza V, Ascenzi P. Structural Basis of Drug Recognition by Human Serum Albumin. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4907-4931. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190320105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma,
is a monomeric multi-domain macromolecule with at least nine binding sites for endogenous
and exogenous ligands. HSA displays an extraordinary ligand binding capacity as a depot and
carrier for many compounds including most acidic drugs. Consequently, HSA has the potential
to influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs.
Objective:
In this review, the structural determinants of drug binding to the multiple sites of
HSA are analyzed and discussed in detail. Moreover, insight into the allosteric and competitive
mechanisms underpinning drug recognition, delivery, and efficacy are analyzed and discussed.
Conclusion:
As several factors can modulate drug binding to HSA (e.g., concurrent administration
of drugs competing for the same binding site, ligand binding to allosteric-coupled
clefts, genetic inherited diseases, and post-translational modifications), ligand binding to HSA
is relevant not only under physiological conditions, but also in the pharmacological therapy
management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Leboffe
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I- 00146 Roma, Italy
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5
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Paim RMM, Nascimento BWL, Nascimento AMD, Pacheco DE, Soares AC, Araujo RN, Sant'Anna MRV, Pessoa GCD, Gontijo NF, Pereira MH. Functional aspects of salivary nitric oxide synthase of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and nitric oxide trafficking at the vector-host interface. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16036. [PMID: 29167493 PMCID: PMC5700186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus expresses nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the cytosol of the salivary gland (SG) cells. The NO produced is stored in the SG lumen bound to NO-carrier haemeproteins called nitrophorins (NPs). NPs bind tightly to NO in the acidic SG lumen, but release NO when the pH becomes high, e.g., at the host skin (pH~7.4). NO elicits potent and transient relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Here, we investigated the role of salivary NO in the R. prolixus feeding behaviour and the salivary vasodilator activity of the host microcirculation. NOS knockdown in R. prolixus changed the SG colour, decreased the number of NO-loaded NPs and caused impairment of feeding performance. When salivary gland extracts (SGEs) were obtained from NOS- and NPs-knockdown insects and prepared in pH 5.0 solution and injected (i.v.) into mice via the tail vein, no vasodilation was observed, whereas SGEs from control insects caused long-term venodilation in the mouse skin. SGs disrupted directly in PBS (pH 7.4) containing BSA produced long-term vasodilation compared to the controls without BSA due to the possible formation of nitroso-albumin, suggesting that host serum albumin extends the NO half-life when NO is injected into the host skin by triatomine during their blood-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela M M Paim
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno W L Nascimento
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Mércia D Nascimento
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dimitri E Pacheco
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana C Soares
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N Araujo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauricio R V Sant'Anna
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Grasielle C D Pessoa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nelder F Gontijo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos H Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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6
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Bonanata J, Turell L, Antmann L, Ferrer-Sueta G, Botasini S, Méndez E, Alvarez B, Coitiño EL. The thiol of human serum albumin: Acidity, microenvironment and mechanistic insights on its oxidation to sulfenic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:952-962. [PMID: 28438657 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) has a single reduced cysteine residue, Cys34, whose acidity has been controversial. Three experimental approaches (pH-dependence of reactivity towards hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet titration and infrared spectroscopy) are used to determine that the pKa value in delipidated HSA is 8.1±0.2 at 37°C and 0.1M ionic strength. Molecular dynamics simulations of HSA in the sub-microsecond timescale show that while sulfur exposure to solvent is limited and fluctuating in the thiol form, it increases in the thiolate, stabilized by a persistent hydrogen-bond (HB) network involving Tyr84 and bridging waters to Asp38 and Gln33 backbone. Insight into the mechanism of Cys34 oxidation by H2O2 is provided by ONIOM(QM:MM) modeling including quantum water molecules. The reaction proceeds through a slightly asynchronous SN2 transition state (TS) with calculated Δ‡G and Δ‡H barriers at 298K of respectively 59 and 54kJmol-1 (the latter within chemical accuracy from the experimental value). A post-TS proton transfer leads to HSA-SO- and water as products. The structured reaction site cages H2O2, which donates a strong HB to the thiolate. Loss of this HB before reaching the TS modulates Cys34 nucleophilicity and contributes to destabilize H2O2. The lack of reaction-site features required for differential stabilization of the TS (positive charges, H2O2 HB strengthening) explains the striking difference in kinetic efficiency for the same reaction in other proteins (e.g. peroxiredoxins). The structured HB network surrounding HSA-SH with sequestered waters carries an entropic penalty on the barrier height. These studies contribute to deepen the understanding of the reactivity of HSA-SH, the most abundant thiol in human plasma, and in a wider perspective, provide clues on the key aspects that modulate thiol reactivity against H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenner Bonanata
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Turell
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Laura Antmann
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Botasini
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Méndez
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - E Laura Coitiño
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
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7
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Roderique JD, Josef CS, Feldman MJ, Spiess BD. A modern literature review of carbon monoxide poisoning theories, therapies, and potential targets for therapy advancement. Toxicology 2015; 334:45-58. [PMID: 25997893 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The first descriptions of carbon monoxide (CO) and its toxic nature appeared in the literature over 100 years ago in separate publications by Drs. Douglas and Haldane. Both men ascribed the deleterious effects of this newly discovered gas to its strong interaction with hemoglobin. Since then the adverse sequelae of CO poisoning has been almost universally attributed to hypoxic injury secondary to CO occupation of oxygen binding sites on hemoglobin. Despite a mounting body of literature suggesting other mechanisms of injury, this pathophysiology and its associated oxygen centric therapies persists. This review attempts to elucidate the remarkably complex nature of CO as a gasotransmitter. While CO's affinity for hemoglobin remains undisputed, new research suggests that its role in nitric oxide release, reactive oxygen species formation, and its direct action on ion channels is much more significant. In the course of understanding the multifaceted character of this simple molecule it becomes apparent that current oxygen based therapies meant to displace CO from hemoglobin may be insufficient and possibly harmful. Approaching CO as a complex gasotransmitter will help guide understanding of the complex and poorly understood sequelae and illuminate potentials for new treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Roderique
- Department of Anesthesiology, VCU School of Medicine Sanger Hall, Rm B1-016, 1101 East Marshall Street, P.O. Box 980695, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Christopher S Josef
- Department of Anesthesiology, VCU School of Medicine Sanger Hall, Rm B1-016, 1101 East Marshall Street, P.O. Box 980695, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
| | - Michael J Feldman
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Critical Care Hospital 8th floor, 1213 East Clay St, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Bruce D Spiess
- Department of Anesthesiology, VCU School of Medicine Sanger Hall, Rm B1-016, 1101 East Marshall Street, P.O. Box 980695, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
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8
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Human serum albumin: from bench to bedside. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:209-90. [PMID: 22230555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1186] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, is a monomeric multi-domain macromolecule, representing the main determinant of plasma oncotic pressure and the main modulator of fluid distribution between body compartments. HSA displays an extraordinary ligand binding capacity, providing a depot and carrier for many endogenous and exogenous compounds. Indeed, HSA represents the main carrier for fatty acids, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, provides the metabolic modification of some ligands, renders potential toxins harmless, accounts for most of the anti-oxidant capacity of human plasma, and displays (pseudo-)enzymatic properties. HSA is a valuable biomarker of many diseases, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ischemia, post-menopausal obesity, severe acute graft-versus-host disease, and diseases that need monitoring of the glycemic control. Moreover, HSA is widely used clinically to treat several diseases, including hypovolemia, shock, burns, surgical blood loss, trauma, hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hemodialysis, acute liver failure, chronic liver disease, nutrition support, resuscitation, and hypoalbuminemia. Recently, biotechnological applications of HSA, including implantable biomaterials, surgical adhesives and sealants, biochromatography, ligand trapping, and fusion proteins, have been reported. Here, genetic, biochemical, biomedical, and biotechnological aspects of HSA are reviewed.
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9
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Sage JT, Zhang Y, McGeehan J, Ravelli RBG, Weik M, van Thor JJ. Infrared protein crystallography. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:760-77. [PMID: 21376143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We consider the application of infrared spectroscopy to protein crystals, with particular emphasis on exploiting molecular orientation through polarization measurements on oriented single crystals. Infrared microscopes enable transmission measurements on individual crystals using either thermal or nonthermal sources, and can accommodate flow cells, used to measure spectral changes induced by exposure to soluble ligands, and cryostreams, used for measurements of flash-cooled crystals. Comparison of unpolarized infrared measurements on crystals and solutions probes the effects of crystallization and can enhance the value of the structural models refined from X-ray diffraction data by establishing solution conditions under which they are most relevant. Results on several proteins are consistent with similar equilibrium conformational distributions in crystal and solutions. However, the rates of conformational change are often perturbed. Infrared measurements also detect products generated by X-ray exposure, including CO(2). Crystals with favorable symmetry exhibit infrared dichroism that enhances the synergy with X-ray crystallography. Polarized infrared measurements on crystals can distinguish spectral contributions from chemically similar sites, identify hydrogen bonding partners, and, in opportune situations, determine three-dimensional orientations of molecular groups. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Structure and Function in the Crystalline State.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timothy Sage
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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10
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11
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Fanali G, Bocedi A, Ascenzi P, Fasano M. Modulation of heme and myristate binding to human serum albumin by anti-HIV drugs. An optical and NMR spectroscopic study. FEBS J 2007; 274:4491-502. [PMID: 17725715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) has an extraordinary ligand-binding capacity, and transports Fe(III)heme and medium- and long-chain fatty acids. In human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients the administered drugs bind to HSA and act as allosteric effectors. Here, the binding of Fe(III)heme to HSA in the presence of three representative anti-HIV drugs and myristate is investigated. Values of the dissociation equilibrium constant K(d) for Fe(III)heme binding to HSA were determined at different myristate concentrations, in the absence and presence of anti-HIV drugs. Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profiles of HSA-Fe(III)heme were measured, at different myristate concentrations, in the absence and presence of anti-HIV drugs. Structural bases for anti-HIV drug binding to HSA are provided by automatic docking simulation. Abacavir and nevirapine bind to HSA with K(d) values of 1 x 10(-6) and 2 x 10(-6) M, respectively. Therefore, at concentrations used in therapy (in the 1-5 x 10(-6) M range) abacavir and nevirapine bind to HSA and increase the affinity of heme for HSA. In the presence of abacavir or nevirapine, the affinity is not lowered by myristate. FA7 should therefore be intended as a secondary binding site for abacavir and nevirapine. Binding of atazanavir is limited by the large size of the drug, although preferential binding may be envisaged to a site positively coupled with FA1 and FA2, and negatively coupled to FA7. As a whole, these results provide a foundation for the comprehension of the complex network of links modulating HSA-binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Fanali
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, and Centro di Neuroscienze, Università dell'Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
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12
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Fasano M, Curry S, Terreno E, Galliano M, Fanali G, Narciso P, Notari S, Ascenzi P. The extraordinary ligand binding properties of human serum albumin. IUBMB Life 2006; 57:787-96. [PMID: 16393781 DOI: 10.1080/15216540500404093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 775] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most prominent protein in plasma, binds different classes of ligands at multiple sites. HSA provides a depot for many compounds, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, holds some ligands in a strained orientation providing their metabolic modification, renders potential toxins harmless transporting them to disposal sites, accounts for most of the antioxidant capacity of human serum, and acts as a NO-carrier. The globular domain structural organization of monomeric HSA is at the root of its allosteric properties which are reminiscent of those of multimeric proteins. Here, structural, functional, biotechnological, and biomedical aspects of ligand binding to HSA are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fasano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Center of Neurosciences, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
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13
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Ascenzi P, Bocedi A, Bolli A, Fasano M, Notari S, Polticelli F. Allosteric modulation of monomeric proteins*. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 33:169-176. [PMID: 21638571 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.2005.494033032470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Multimeric proteins (e.g. hemoglobin) are considered to be the prototypes of allosteric enzymes, whereas monomeric proteins (e.g. myoglobin) usually are assumed to be nonallosteric. However, the modulation of the functional properties of monomeric proteins by heterotropic allosteric effectors casts doubts on this assumption. Here, the allosteric properties of sperm whale myoglobin, human serum albumin, and human α-thrombin, generally considered as molecular models of monomeric proteins, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia and Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università "Roma Tre," Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive I.R.C.C.S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani," Via Portuense 292, I-00149 Roma, Italy.
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Ma X, Liu X, Xiao H, Li G. Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin in poly-3-hydroxybutyrate membrane. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1836-42. [PMID: 15681201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2004] [Revised: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) can take direct electron-transfer reactions after being entrapped in poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) film. A pair of well-defined, quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetric peaks is thus obtained at an Hb-PHB modified pyrolytic graphite electrode. The anodic and cathodic peaks are located at -224 and -284 mV for a pH 5.0 acetate buffer solution. Meanwhile, the peroxidase activity of the protein in the membrane has been greatly enhanced, with the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant calculated to be 1076 microM. According to the direct electron transfer property and enhanced peroxidase activity of Hb in the membrane, a Hb-PHB based hydrogen peroxide biosensor is prepared, with a linear range 6.0 x 10(-7) to 8.0 x 10(-4) M. The pathway of reductive dehalogenation of trichloroacetic acid is also discussed in detail. The highly reduced form of Hb produced in PHB film can be used to dechlorinate di- and monochloroacetic acid. The catalytic ability of Hb toward the reduction of nitric oxide has been investigated as well. Due to its biodegradability, low cost, chemical inertness, and especially its biocompatibility and non-toxicity, PHB would be a desirable film in the sensor field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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15
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Herold S. Interaction of nitrogen monoxide with hemoglobin and the artefactual production of S-nitroso-hemoglobin. C R Biol 2003; 326:533-41. [PMID: 14558473 DOI: 10.1016/s1631-0691(03)00149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is probably the most thoroughly studied protein in the human body. However, it has recently been proposed that in addition to the well known function of dioxygen and carbon dioxide transporter, one of the main roles of hemoglobin is to store and transport nitrogen monoxide. This hypothesis is highly disputed and is in contrast to the proposal that hemoglobin serves as an NO. scavenger in the blood. In this short review, I have presented the current status of research on the much-debated mechanism of the reaction between circulating hemoglobin and NO.. Despite the fact that oxyHb is extremely rapidly oxidized by NO., under basal physiological conditions the biological activity of NO. in the blood vessels is not completely lost. It has been shown that three factors reduce the efficiency of hemoglobin to scavenge NO.: a so-called red blood cell-free zone created close to the vessel wall by intravascular flow, an undisturbed layer around the red blood cells--where the NO. concentration is much smaller than the bulk concentration--and/or the red blood cell membrane. Alternatively, it has been proposed that NO. binds to Cys beta 93 of oxyHb, is liberated after deoxygenation of Hb, and consequently allows for a more effective delivery of O2 to peripheral tissues. However, because of the extremely fast rate of the reaction between NO. and oxyHb, experiments in vitro lead to artefactual production of large amounts of S-nitroso-hemoglobin. These results, together with other data, which challenge most steps of the NO.-transporter hypothesis, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Herold
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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16
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Herold S, Rock G. Reactions of deoxy-, oxy-, and methemoglobin with nitrogen monoxide. Mechanistic studies of the S-nitrosothiol formation under different mixing conditions. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:6623-34. [PMID: 12468537 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m210275200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction between hemoglobin (Hb) and NO* has been investigated thoroughly in recent years, but its mechanism is still a matter of substantial controversy. We have carried out a systematic study of the influence of the following factors on the yield of S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) generated from the reaction of NO* with oxy-, deoxy-, and metHb: 1) the volumetric ratio of the protein and the NO* solutions; 2) the rate of addition of the NO* solution to the protein solution; 3) the amount of NO* added; and 4) the concentration of the phosphate buffer. Our results suggest that the highest SNO-Hb yields are mostly obtained by very slow addition of substoichiometric amounts of NO* from a diluted solution. Possible pathways of SNO-Hb formation from the reaction of NO* with oxy-, deoxy-, and metHb are described. Our data strongly suggest that, because of mixing artifacts, care should be taken to use results from in vitro experiments to draw conclusion on the mechanism of the reaction in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Herold
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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17
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Ballou DP, Zhao Y, Brandish PE, Marletta MA. Revisiting the kinetics of nitric oxide (NO) binding to soluble guanylate cyclase: the simple NO-binding model is incorrect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:12097-101. [PMID: 12209005 PMCID: PMC129404 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192209799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a ferrous iron hemoprotein receptor for nitric oxide (NO). NO binding to the heme activates the enzyme 300-fold. sGC as isolated is five-coordinate, ferrous with histidine as the axial ligand. The NO-activated enzyme is a five-coordinate nitrosyl complex where the axial histidine bond is broken. Past studies using rapid-reaction kinetics demonstrated that both the formation of a six-coordinate intermediate and the conversion of the intermediate to the activated five-coordinate nitrosyl complex depended on the concentration of NO. A model invoking a second NO molecule as a catalyst for the conversion of the six-coordinate intermediate to the five-coordinate sGC-NO complex was proposed to explain the observed kinetic data. A recent study [Bellamy, T. C., Wood, J. & Garthwaite, J. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 507-510] concluded that a simple two-step binding model explains the results. Here we show through further analysis and simulations of previous data that the simple two-step binding model cannot be used to describe our results. Instead we show that a slightly more complex two-step binding model, where NO is used as a ligand in the first step and a catalyst in the second step, can describe our results quite satisfactorily. These new simulations combined with the previous activation data lead to the conclusion that the intermediate six-coordinate sGC-NO complex has substantial activity. The model derived from our simulations also can account for the slow deactivation of sGC that has been observed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Ballou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0606, USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens K S Møller
- Food Chemistry, Department of Dairy and Food Science, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
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19
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Bellamy TC, Wood J, Garthwaite J. On the activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase by nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:507-10. [PMID: 11752394 PMCID: PMC117590 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.012368499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the major cellular receptor for the intercellular messenger nitric oxide (NO) and mediates a wide range of physiological effects through elevation of intracellular cGMP levels. Critical to our understanding of how NO signals are decoded by receptive cells and translated into a useful physiological response is an appreciation of the molecular and kinetic details of the mechanism by which NO activates sGC. It is known that NO binds to a haem prosthetic group on the receptor and triggers a conformational change that increases the catalysis of cGMP synthesis by several hundred-fold. The haem is covalently attached to sGC at His-105 of the beta1 subunit, and it was thought previously that activation of sGC by NO occurs in two steps: binding of NO to the haem to form a biliganded state and then rupture of the bond to His-105 triggering an increase in catalytic activity. A recent investigation of the kinetics of sGC activation [Zhao, Y., Brandish, P. E., Ballou, D. P. & Marletta, M. A. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 14753-14758], however, proposed an additional mechanism by which NO regulates sGC activity, namely, by influencing the rate of cleavage of the His-105 bond. The existence of a second (unidentified) NO-binding site on the enzyme was hypothesized and suggested to be fundamental to cellular NO-signal transduction. Here, we show that it is unnecessary to postulate any such additional mechanism because the results obtained are predicted by the simpler model of sGC activation with a single NO-binding event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas C Bellamy
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6AU, United Kingdom.
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