1
|
Schwartz M, Perrot T, Beurton J, Zannini F, Morel-Rouhier M, Gelhaye E, Neiers F, Schaniel D, Favier F, Jacquot JP, Leroy P, Clarot I, Boudier A, Didierjean C. Structural insights into the interactions of glutathione transferases with a nitric oxide carrier and sodium nitroprusside. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 649:79-86. [PMID: 36758482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases are detoxification enzymes with multifaceted roles, including a role in the metabolism and scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) compounds in cells. Here, we explored the ability of Trametes versicolor glutathione transferases (GSTs) from the Omega class (TvGSTOs) to bind metal-nitrosyl compounds. TvGSTOs have been studied previously for their ligandin role and are interesting models to study protein‒ligand interactions. First, we determined the X-ray structure of the TvGSTO3S isoform bound to the dinitrosyl glutathionyl iron complex (DNGIC), a physiological compound involved in the storage of nitric oxide. Our results suggested a different binding mode compared to the one previously described in human GST Pi 1 (GSTP1). Then, we investigated the manner in which TvGSTO3S binds three nonphysiological metal-nitrosyl compounds with different metal cores (iron, ruthenium and osmium). We assayed sodium nitroprusside, a well-studied vasodilator used in cases of hypertensive crises or heart failure. Our results showed that the tested GST can bind metal-nitrosyls at two distinct binding sites. Thermal shift analysis with six isoforms of TvGSTOs identified TvGSTO6S as the best interactant. Using the Griess method, TvGSTO6S was found to improve the release of nitric oxide from sodium nitroprusside in vitro, whereas the effects of human GST alpha 1 (GSTA1) and GSTP1 were moderate. Our results open new structural perspectives for understanding the interactions of glutathione transferases with metal-nitrosyl compounds associated with the biochemical mechanisms of NO uptake/release in biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Schwartz
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, F-54000, Nancy, France; CSGA, INRAE, University of Burgundy, CNRS, Institut Agro, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Thomas Perrot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jordan Beurton
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Fabrice Neiers
- CSGA, INRAE, University of Burgundy, CNRS, Institut Agro, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Leroy
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Ariane Boudier
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jain R, Jain A, Jain S, Thakur SS, Jain SK. Linking bisphenol potential with deleterious effect on immune system: a review. THE NUCLEUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-022-00383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
3
|
Lehnert N, Kim E, Dong HT, Harland JB, Hunt AP, Manickas EC, Oakley KM, Pham J, Reed GC, Alfaro VS. The Biologically Relevant Coordination Chemistry of Iron and Nitric Oxide: Electronic Structure and Reactivity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14682-14905. [PMID: 34902255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological events in biology. Metal coordination chemistry, especially with iron, is at the heart of many biological transformations involving NO. A series of heme proteins, nitric oxide synthases (NOS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and nitrophorins, are responsible for the biosynthesis, sensing, and transport of NO. Alternatively, NO can be generated from nitrite by heme- and copper-containing nitrite reductases (NIRs). The NO-bearing small molecules such as nitrosothiols and dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) can serve as an alternative vehicle for NO storage and transport. Once NO is formed, the rich reaction chemistry of NO leads to a wide variety of biological activities including reduction of NO by heme or non-heme iron-containing NO reductases and protein post-translational modifications by DNICs. Much of our understanding of the reactivity of metal sites in biology with NO and the mechanisms of these transformations has come from the elucidation of the geometric and electronic structures and chemical reactivity of synthetic model systems, in synergy with biochemical and biophysical studies on the relevant proteins themselves. This review focuses on recent advancements from studies on proteins and model complexes that not only have improved our understanding of the biological roles of NO but also have provided foundations for biomedical research and for bio-inspired catalyst design in energy science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hai T Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jill B Harland
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Andrew P Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Manickas
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Kady M Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - John Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Garrett C Reed
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Victor Sosa Alfaro
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bibli SI, Fleming I. Oxidative Post-Translational Modifications: A Focus on Cysteine S-Sulfhydration and the Regulation of Endothelial Fitness. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1494-1514. [PMID: 34346251 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Changes in the oxidative balance can affect cellular physiology and adaptation through redox signaling. The endothelial cells that line blood vessels are particularly sensitive to reactive oxygen species, which can alter cell function by a number of mechanisms, including the oxidative post-translational modification (oxPTM) of proteins on critical cysteine thiols. Such modifications can act as redox-switches to alter the function of targeted proteins. Recent Advances: Mapping the cysteine oxPTM proteome and characterizing the effects of individual oxPTMs to gain insight into consequences for cellular responses has proven challenging. A recent addition to the list of reversible oxPTMs that contributes to cellular redox homeostasis is persulfidation or S-sulfhydration. Critical Issues: It has been estimated that up to 25% of proteins are S-sulfhydrated, making this modification almost as abundant as phosphorylation. In the endothelium, persulfides are generated by the trans-sulfuration pathway that catabolizes cysteine and cystathionine to generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and H2S-related sulfane sulfur compounds (H2Sn). This pathway is of particular importance for the vascular system, as the enzyme cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) in endothelial cells accounts for a significant portion of total vascular H2S/H2Sn production. Future Directions: Impaired CSE activity in endothelial dysfunction has been linked with marked changes in the endothelial cell S-sulfhydrome and can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and hypertension. It will be interesting to determine how changes in the S-sulfhydration of specific networks of proteins contribute to endothelial cell physiology and pathophysiology. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1494-1514.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia-Iris Bibli
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Relationship of Glutathione- S-Transferase and Multi-Drug Resistance-Related Protein 1 in Nitric Oxide (NO) Transport and Storage. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195784. [PMID: 34641326 PMCID: PMC8510172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a diatomic gas that has traditionally been viewed, particularly in the context of chemical fields, as a toxic, pungent gas that is the product of ammonia oxidation. However, nitric oxide has been associated with many biological roles including cell signaling, macrophage cytotoxicity, and vasodilation. More recently, a model for nitric oxide trafficking has been proposed where nitric oxide is regulated in the form of dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron-complexes, which are much less toxic and have a significantly greater half-life than free nitric oxide. Our laboratory has previously examined this hypothesis in tumor cells and has demonstrated that dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron-complexes are transported and stored by multi-drug resistance-related protein 1 and glutathione-S-transferase P1. A crystal structure of a dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron complex with glutathione-S-transferase P1 has been solved that demonstrates that a tyrosine residue in glutathione-S-transferase P1 is responsible for binding dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron-complexes. Considering the roles of nitric oxide in vasodilation and many other processes, a physiological model of nitric oxide transport and storage would be valuable in understanding nitric oxide physiology and pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu WY, Tsai ML, Lai YA, Hsieh CH, Liaw WF. NO Reduction to N2O Triggered by a Dinuclear Dinitrosyl Iron Complex via the Associated Pathways of Hyponitrite Formation and NO Disproportionation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15874-15889. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Yan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center of Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Li Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center of Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center of Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Liaw
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center of Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Davis I, Chan Y, Naik SG, Griffith WP, Liu A. Characterization of the nonheme iron center of cysteamine dioxygenase and its interaction with substrates. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11789-11802. [PMID: 32601061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO) has been reported to exhibit two distinct biological functions with a nonheme iron center. It catalyzes oxidation of both cysteamine in sulfur metabolism and N-terminal cysteine-containing proteins or peptides, such as regulator of G protein signaling 5 (RGS5). It thereby preserves oxygen homeostasis in a variety of physiological processes. However, little is known about its catalytic center and how it interacts with these two types of primary substrates in addition to O2 Here, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Mössbauer, and UV-visible spectroscopies, we explored the binding mode of cysteamine and RGS5 to human and mouse ADO proteins in their physiologically relevant ferrous form. This characterization revealed that in the presence of nitric oxide as a spin probe and oxygen surrogate, both the small molecule and the peptide substrates coordinate the iron center with their free thiols in a monodentate binding mode, in sharp contrast to binding behaviors observed in other thiol dioxygenases. We observed a substrate-bound B-type dinitrosyl iron center complex in ADO, suggesting the possibility of dioxygen binding to the iron ion in a side-on mode. Moreover, we observed substrate-mediated reduction of the iron center from ferric to the ferrous oxidation state. Subsequent MS analysis indicated corresponding disulfide formation of the substrates, suggesting that the presence of the substrate could reactivate ADO to defend against oxidative stress. The findings of this work contribute to the understanding of the substrate interaction in ADO and fill a gap in our knowledge of the substrate specificity of thiol dioxygenases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ian Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yan Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sunil G Naik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA .,Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Structures and Properties of Dinitrosyl Iron and Cobalt Complexes Ligated by Bis(3,5-diisopropyl-1-pyrazolyl)methane. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two dinitrosyl iron and cobalt complexes [Fe(NO)2(L1”)](BF4) and [Co(NO)2(L1”)](BF4) are synthesized and characterized, supported by a less hindered bidentate nitrogen ligand bis(3,5-diisopropyl-1-pyrazolyl)methane (denoted as L1”), are surprisingly stable under argon atmosphere. X-ray structural analysis shows a distorted tetrahedral geometry. Spectroscopic and structural parameters of the dinitrosyl iron and cobalt complexes are consistent with the previous reported {Fe(NO)2}9 and {Co(NO)2}10. Two N–O and M–N(O) stretching frequencies and their magnetic properties are also consistent with the above electronic structural assignments. We explored the dioxygen reactivities of the obtained dinitrosyl complexes. Moreover, the related [FeCl2(L1”)], [Co(NO3)2(L1”)], and [Co(NO2)2(L1”)] complexes are also characterized in detail.
Collapse
|
9
|
Glutathione Transferase P1-1 an Enzyme Useful in Biomedicine and as Biomarker in Clinical Practice and in Environmental Pollution. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081741. [PMID: 31357662 PMCID: PMC6723968 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) is expressed in some human tissues and is abundant in mammalian erythrocytes (here termed e-GST). This enzyme is able to detoxify the cell from endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds by using glutathione (GSH) or by acting as a ligandin. This review collects studies that propose GSTP1-1 as a useful biomarker in different fields of application. The most relevant studies are focused on GSTP1-1 as a biosensor to detect blood toxicity in patients affected by kidney diseases. In fact, this detoxifying enzyme is over-expressed in erythrocytes when unusual amounts of toxins are present in the body. Here we review articles concerning the level of GST in chronic kidney disease patients, in maintenance hemodialysis patients and to assess dialysis adequacy. GST is also over-expressed in autoimmune disease like scleroderma, and in kidney transplant patients and it may be used to check the efficiency of transplanted kidneys. The involvement of GSTP in the oxidative stress and in other human pathologies like cancer, liver and neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders is also reported. Promising applications of e-GST discussed in the present review are its use for monitoring human subjects living in polluted areas and mammals for veterinary purpose.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu WY, Hsu CN, Hsieh CH, Chiou TW, Tsai ML, Chiang MH, Liaw WF. NO-to-[N2O2]2–-to-N2O Conversion Triggered by {Fe(NO)2}10-{Fe(NO)2}9 Dinuclear Dinitrosyl Iron Complex. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9586-9591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Yan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center of Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center of Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center of Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Wen Chiou
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center of Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Li Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Liaw
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center of Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A structure-based mechanism of cisplatin resistance mediated by glutathione transferase P1-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13943-13951. [PMID: 31221747 PMCID: PMC6628828 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903297116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The resurgence of platinum-based chemotherapy in the last few years has renewed interest in the field, including clinical studies of cisplatin in combination with resistance modulators. Indeed, cisplatin is one of the most successful anticancer agents, effective against a wide range of solid tumors. However, its use is restricted by side effects and/or by intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. We propose here a new mechanism of cisplatin resistance mediated by glutathione transferase (GST) P1-1, as a cisplatin-binding protein. Our results show that cisplatin can be inactivated by this protein with the aid of 2 solvent-accessible and reactive cysteines. These findings may constitute the basis for the design and synthesis of new GST inhibitors able to circumvent cisplatin resistance. Cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP)] is one of the most successful anticancer agents effective against a wide range of solid tumors. However, its use is restricted by side effects and/or by intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Here, we probed the role of glutathione transferase (GST) P1-1, an antiapoptotic protein often overexpressed in drug-resistant tumors, as a cis-DDP–binding protein. Our results show that cis-DDP is not a substrate for the glutathione (GSH) transferase activity of GST P1-1. Instead, GST P1-1 sequesters and inactivates cisplatin with the aid of 2 solvent-accessible cysteines, resulting in protein subunits cross-linking, while maintaining its GSH-conjugation activity. Furthermore, it is well known that GST P1-1 binding to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibits JNK phosphorylation, which is required for downstream apoptosis signaling. Thus, in turn, GST P1-1 overexpression and Pt-induced subunit cross-linking could modulate JNK apoptotic signaling, further confirming the role of GST P1-1 as an antiapoptotic protein.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu TT, Wang YM, Hung CH, Chiou SJ, Liaw WF. Bioinorganic Chemistry of the Natural [Fe(NO)2] Motif: Evolution of a Functional Model for NO-Related Biomedical Application and Revolutionary Development of a Translational Model. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12425-12443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | | - Show-Jen Chiou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lok HC, Sahni S, Jansson PJ, Kovacevic Z, Hawkins CL, Richardson DR. A Nitric Oxide Storage and Transport System That Protects Activated Macrophages from Endogenous Nitric Oxide Cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:27042-27061. [PMID: 27866158 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.763714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is integral to macrophage cytotoxicity against tumors due to its ability to induce iron release from cancer cells. However, the mechanism for how activated macrophages protect themselves from endogenous NO remains unknown. We previously demonstrated by using tumor cells that glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) sequesters NO as dinitrosyl-dithiol iron complexes (DNICs) and inhibits NO-mediated iron release from cells via the transporter multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1). These prior studies also showed that MRP1 and GSTP1 protect tumor cells against NO cytotoxicity, which parallels their roles in defending cancer cells from cytotoxic drugs. Considering this, and because GSTP1 and MRP1 are up-regulated during macrophage activation, this investigation examined whether this NO storage/transport system protects macrophages against endogenous NO cytotoxicity in two well characterized macrophage cell types (J774 and RAW 264.7). MRP1 expression markedly increased upon macrophage activation, and the role of MRP1 in NO-induced 59Fe release was demonstrated by Mrp1 siRNA and the MRP1 inhibitor, MK571, which inhibited NO-mediated iron efflux. Furthermore, Mrp1 silencing increased DNIC accumulation in macrophages, indicating a role for MRP1 in transporting DNICs out of cells. In addition, macrophage 59Fe release was enhanced by silencing Gstp1, suggesting GSTP1 was responsible for DNIC binding/storage. Viability studies demonstrated that GSTP1 and MRP1 protect activated macrophages from NO cytotoxicity. This was confirmed by silencing nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which decreased MRP1 and GSTP1 expression, concomitant with reduced 59Fe release and macrophage survival. Together, these results demonstrate a mechanism by which macrophages protect themselves against NO cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Chuen Lok
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 and
| | - Sumit Sahni
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 and
| | - Patric J Jansson
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 and
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 and
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- the Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 and
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bocedi A, Fabrini R, Lo Bello M, Caccuri AM, Federici G, Mannervik B, Cornish-Bowden A, Ricci G. Evolution of Negative Cooperativity in Glutathione Transferase Enabled Preservation of Enzyme Function. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26739-26749. [PMID: 27815499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.749507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative cooperativity in enzyme reactions, in which the first event makes subsequent events less favorable, is sometimes well understood at the molecular level, but its physiological role has often been obscure. Negative cooperativity occurs in human glutathione transferase (GST) GSTP1-1 when it binds and neutralizes a toxic nitric oxide adduct, the dinitrosyl-diglutathionyl iron complex (DNDGIC). However, the generality of this behavior across the divergent GST family and its evolutionary significance were unclear. To investigate, we studied 16 different GSTs, revealing that negative cooperativity is present only in more recently evolved GSTs, indicating evolutionary drift in this direction. In some variants, Hill coefficients were close to 0.5, the highest degree of negative cooperativity commonly observed (although smaller values of nH are theoretically possible). As DNDGIC is also a strong inhibitor of GSTs, we suggest negative cooperativity might have evolved to maintain a residual conjugating activity of GST against toxins even in the presence of high DNDGIC concentrations. Interestingly, two human isoenzymes that play a special protective role, safeguarding DNA from DNDGIC, display a classical half-of-the-sites interaction. Analysis of GST structures identified elements that could play a role in negative cooperativity in GSTs. Beside the well known lock-and-key and clasp motifs, other alternative structural interactions between subunits may be proposed for a few GSTs. Taken together, our findings suggest the evolution of self-preservation of enzyme function as a novel facility emerging from negative cooperativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bocedi
- From the Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies
| | | | | | - Anna Maria Caccuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | - Bengt Mannervik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Athel Cornish-Bowden
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Giorgio Ricci
- From the Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zuo H, Han L, Yu Q, Niu K, Zhao S, Shi H. Proteome changes on water-holding capacity of yak longissimus lumborum during postmortem aging. Meat Sci 2016; 121:409-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
16
|
Falomir-Lockhart A, Rogberg-Muñoz A, Papaleo-Mazzucco J, Goszczynski D, Lirón J, Fernández M, Añon M, Melucci L, Giovambattista G. Study of the influence of genes related to muscle oxidative processes on beef color. Meat Sci 2015; 108:17-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Cao X, Kong X, Zhou Y, Lan L, Luo L, Yin Z. Glutathione S-transferase P1 suppresses iNOS protein stability in RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells after LPS stimulation. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1438-48. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1085978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, P R China
| | - Xiuqin Kong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, P R China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, P R China
| | - Lei Lan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, P R China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, P R China
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, P R China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lewandowska H, Sadło J, Męczyńska S, Stępkowski TM, Wójciuk G, Kruszewski M. Formation of glutathionyl dinitrosyl iron complexes protects against iron genotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12640-52. [PMID: 26079708 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00927h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dinitrosyl iron(i) complexes (DNICs), intracellular NO donors, are important factors in nitric oxide-dependent regulation of cellular metabolism and signal transduction. It has been shown that NO diminishes the toxicity of iron ions and vice versa. To gain insight into the possible role of DNIC in this phenomenon, we examined the effect of GS-DNIC formation on the ability of iron ions to mediate DNA damage, by treatment of the pUC19 plasmid with physiologically relevant concentrations of GS-DNIC. It was shown that GS-DNIC formation protects against the genotoxic effect of iron ions alone and iron ions in the presence of a naturally abundant antioxidant, GSH. This sheds new light on the iron-related protective effect of NO under the circumstances of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lewandowska
- The Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang J, Grek C, Ye ZW, Manevich Y, Tew KD, Townsend DM. Pleiotropic functions of glutathione S-transferase P. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 122:143-75. [PMID: 24974181 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420117-0.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) is one member of the GST superfamily that is prevalently expressed in mammals. Known to possess catalytic activity through deprotonating glutathione allowing formation of thioether bonds with electrophilic substrates, more recent discoveries have broadened our understanding of the biological roles of this protein. In addition to catalytic detoxification, other properties so far ascribed to GSTP include chaperone functions, regulation of nitric oxide pathways, regulation of a variety of kinase signaling pathways, and participation in the forward reaction of protein S-glutathionylation. The expression of GSTP has been linked with cancer and other human pathologies and more recently even with drug addiction. With respect to human health, polymorphic variants of GSTP may determine individual susceptibility to oxidative stress and/or be critical in the design and development of drugs that have used redox pathways as a discovery platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christina Grek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yefim Manevich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, John C. West Chair of Cancer Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mazzetti AP, Fiorile MC, Primavera A, Lo Bello M. Glutathione transferases and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2015; 82:10-8. [PMID: 25661512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial agreement that the unbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species may affect the onset and/or the course of a number of common diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Many studies suggest a crucial role for oxidative stress in the first phase of aging, or in the pathogenesis of various diseases including neurological ones. Particularly, the role exerted by glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes (Glutathione Transferases) in the nervous system appears more relevant, this latter tissue being much more vulnerable to toxins and oxidative stress than other tissues such as liver, kidney or muscle. The present review addresses the question by focusing on the results obtained by specimens from patients or by in vitro studies using cells or animal models related to Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In general, there is an association between glutathione depletion and Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. In addition, a significant decrease of glutathione transferase activity in selected areas of brain and in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid was found. For some glutathione transferase genes there is also a correlation between polymorphisms and onset/outcome of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, there is a general agreement about the protective effect exerted by glutathione and glutathione transferases but no clear answer about the mechanisms underlying this crucial role in the insurgence of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mario Lo Bello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lok HC, Sahni S, Richardson V, Kalinowski DS, Kovacevic Z, Lane DJR, Richardson DR. Glutathione S-transferase and MRP1 form an integrated system involved in the storage and transport of dinitrosyl-dithiolato iron complexes in cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:14-29. [PMID: 25035074 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen monoxide (NO) is vital for many essential biological processes as a messenger and effector molecule. The physiological importance of NO is the result of its high affinity for iron in the active sites of proteins such as guanylate cyclase. Indeed, NO possesses a rich coordination chemistry with iron and the formation of dinitrosyl-dithiolato iron complexes (DNICs) is well documented. In mammals, NO generated by cytotoxic activated macrophages has been reported to play a role as a cytotoxic effector against tumor cells by binding and releasing intracellular iron. Studies from our laboratory have shown that two proteins traditionally involved in drug resistance, namely multidrug-resistance protein 1 and glutathione S-transferase, play critical roles in intracellular NO transport and storage through their interaction with DNICs (R.N. Watts et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:7670-7675, 2006; H. Lok et al., J. Biol. Chem. 287:607-618, 2012). Notably, DNICs are present at high concentrations in cells and are biologically available. These complexes have a markedly longer half-life than free NO, making them an ideal "common currency" for this messenger molecule. Considering the many critical roles NO plays in health and disease, a better understanding of its intracellular trafficking mechanisms will be vital for the development of new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Lok
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - V Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Z Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Changes in meat quality traits and sarcoplasmic proteins during aging in three different cattle breeds. Meat Sci 2014; 98:178-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
23
|
Antenna-specific glutathione S-transferase in male silkmoth Bombyx mori. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7429-43. [PMID: 24786099 PMCID: PMC4057681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes that are widely distributed in different species. GSTs detoxify exogenous and endogenous substances by conjugation to reduced glutathione. We characterized BmGSTD4, an antenna-specific GST, in male silkmoths. The full-length mRNA of Bmgstd4 was cloned by RACE-PCR and contained an open reading frame of 738 bp encoding a 245 amino acid protein. The antenna specificity of BmGSTD4 was validated at the mRNA and protein levels and BmGSTD4 was shown to localize in the sensillum of male silkmoth antennae. Homology modeling and multi-sequence alignment suggested that BmGSTD4 was a typical GST belonging to the δ class and had a canonical GST fold with a conserved N-terminus, including a glutathione-binding site and a C-terminal domain harboring a hydrophobic substrate-binding site. Restricted expression of BmGSTD4 in silkmoth antennae combined with GST activity suggested that BmGSTD4 was involved in the detoxification of harmful chemicals.
Collapse
|
24
|
Skodje KM, Kwon MY, Chung SW, Kim E. Coordination-triggered NO release from a dinitrosyl iron complex leads to anti-inflammatory activity. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53319k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate control of redox and coordination chemistry of dinitrosyl iron complexes enables them to become anti-inflammatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Ulsan 93 Daehak-ro
- Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Su Wol Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Ulsan 93 Daehak-ro
- Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Brown University
- Providence, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Balchin D, Stoychev SH, Dirr HW. S-Nitrosation destabilizes glutathione transferase P1-1. Biochemistry 2013; 52:9394-402. [PMID: 24266513 DOI: 10.1021/bi401414c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosation is a post-translational modification that regulates the function of more than 500 human proteins. Despite its apparent physiological significance, S-nitrosation is poorly understood at a molecular level. Here, we investigated the effect of S-nitrosation on the activity, structure, stability, and dynamics of human glutathione transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1), an important detoxification enzyme ubiquitous in aerobes. S-Nitrosation at Cys47 and Cys101 reduces the activity of the enzyme by 94%. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, acrylamide quenching, and amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry experiments indicate that the loss of activity is caused by the introduction of local disorder at the active site of GSTP1-1. Furthermore, the modification destabilizes domain 1 of GSTP1-1 against denaturation, smoothing the unfolding energy landscape of the protein and introducing a refolding defect. In contrast, S-nitrosation at Cys101 alone introduces a refolding defect in domain 1 but compensates by stabilizing the domain kinetically. These data elucidate the physical basis for the regulation of GSTP1-1 by S-nitrosation and provide general insight into the consequences of S-nitrosation on protein stability and dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Balchin
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bocedi A, Fabrini R, Farrotti A, Stella L, Ketterman AJ, Pedersen JZ, Allocati N, Lau PCK, Grosse S, Eltis LD, Ruzzini A, Edwards TE, Morici L, Del Grosso E, Guidoni L, Bovi D, Lo Bello M, Federici G, Parker MW, Board PG, Ricci G. The impact of nitric oxide toxicity on the evolution of the glutathione transferase superfamily: a proposal for an evolutionary driving force. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24936-47. [PMID: 23828197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.476135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are protection enzymes capable of conjugating glutathione (GSH) to toxic compounds. During evolution an important catalytic cysteine residue involved in GSH activation was replaced by serine or, more recently, by tyrosine. The utility of these replacements represents an enigma because they yield no improvements in the affinity toward GSH or in its reactivity. Here we show that these changes better protect the cell from nitric oxide (NO) insults. In fact the dinitrosyl·diglutathionyl·iron complex (DNDGIC), which is formed spontaneously when NO enters the cell, is highly toxic when free in solution but completely harmless when bound to GSTs. By examining 42 different GSTs we discovered that only the more recently evolved Tyr-based GSTs display enough affinity for DNDGIC (KD < 10(-9) M) to sequester the complex efficiently. Ser-based GSTs and Cys-based GSTs show affinities 10(2)-10(4) times lower, not sufficient for this purpose. The NO sensitivity of bacteria that express only Cys-based GSTs could be related to the low or null affinity of their GSTs for DNDGIC. GSTs with the highest affinity (Tyr-based GSTs) are also over-represented in the perinuclear region of mammalian cells, possibly for nucleus protection. On the basis of these results we propose that GST evolution in higher organisms could be linked to the defense against NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bocedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Balchin D, Wallace L, Dirr HW. S-nitrosation of glutathione transferase p1-1 is controlled by the conformation of a dynamic active site helix. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14973-84. [PMID: 23572520 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.462671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
S-Nitrosation is a post-translational modification of protein cysteine residues, which occurs in response to cellular oxidative stress. Although it is increasingly being linked to physiologically important processes, the molecular basis for protein regulation by this modification remains poorly understood. We used transient kinetic methods to determine a minimal mechanism for spontaneous S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)-mediated transnitrosation of human glutathione transferase (GST) P1-1, a major detoxification enzyme and key regulator of cell proliferation. Cys(47) of GSTP1-1 is S-nitrosated in two steps, with the chemical step limited by a pre-equilibrium between the open and closed conformations of helix α2 at the active site. Cys(101), in contrast, is S-nitrosated in a single step but is subject to negative cooperativity due to steric hindrance at the dimer interface. Despite the presence of a GSNO binding site at the active site of GSTP1-1, isothermal titration calorimetry as well as nitrosation experiments using S-nitrosocysteine demonstrate that GSNO binding does not precede S-nitrosation of GSTP1-1. Kinetics experiments using the cellular reductant glutathione show that Cys(101)-NO is substantially more resistant to denitrosation than Cys(47)-NO, suggesting a potential role for Cys(101) in long term nitric oxide storage or transfer. These results constitute the first report of the molecular mechanism of spontaneous protein transnitrosation, providing insight into the post-translational control of GSTP1-1 as well as the process of protein transnitrosation in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Balchin
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lewandowska H, Stępkowski TM, Sadło J, Wójciuk GP, Wójciuk KE, Rodger A, Kruszewski M. Coordination of iron ions in the form of histidinyl dinitrosyl complexes does not prevent their genotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6732-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
29
|
Dunlap T, Piyankarage SC, Wijewickrama GT, Abdul-Hay S, Vanni M, Litosh V, Luo J, Thatcher GRJ. Quinone-induced activation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling by aspirin prodrugs masquerading as nitric oxide. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2725-36. [PMID: 23035985 DOI: 10.1021/tx3003609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The promising therapeutic potential of the NO-donating hybrid aspirin prodrugs (NO-ASA) includes induction of chemopreventive mechanisms and has been reported in almost 100 publications. One example, NCX-4040 (pNO-ASA), is bioactivated by esterase to a quinone methide (QM) electrophile. In cell cultures, pNO-ASA and QM-donating X-ASA prodrugs that cannot release NO rapidly depleted intracellular GSH and caused DNA damage; however, induction of Nrf2 signaling elicited cellular defense mechanisms including upregulation of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL). In HepG2 cells, the "NO-specific" 4,5-diaminofluorescein reporter, DAF-DA, responded to NO-ASA and X-ASA, with QM-induced oxidative stress masquerading as NO. LC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated efficient alkylation of Cys residues of proteins including glutathione-S-transferase-P1 (GST-P1) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Evidence was obtained for alkylation of Keap1 Cys residues associated with Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, nuclear translocation of Nrf2, activation of antioxidant response element (ARE), and upregulation of cytoprotective target genes. At least in cell culture, pNO-ASA acts as a QM donor, bioactivated by cellular esterase activity to release salicylates, NO(3)(-), and an electrophilic QM. Finally, two novel aspirin prodrugs were synthesized, both potent activators of ARE, designed to release only the QM and salicylates on bioactivation. Current interest in electrophilic drugs acting via Nrf2 signaling suggests that QM-donating hybrid drugs can be designed as informative chemical probes in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tareisha Dunlap
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Erythrocyte glutathione transferase: a new biomarker for hemodialysis adequacy, overcoming the Kt/V(urea) dogma? Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e377. [PMID: 22914325 PMCID: PMC3434653 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kt/Vurea ratio is commonly used to assess the delivered dose of dialysis in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. This parameter only reflects the efficacy of dialytic treatments in removing small toxins, but not middle and protein-bound toxins. Erythrocyte glutathione transferase (e-GST), an enzyme devoted to cell depuration against a lot of large and small toxins, is overexpressed in uremic patients. Aim of the present study is to verify whether e-GST may represent a novel biomarker to assess the adequacy of different dialytic techniques complementary to Kt/Vurea parameter. Furthermore, it will be investigated whether e-GST could reflect the ‘average' adequacy of multiple dialytic sessions and not of a single one treatment as it occurs for Kt/Vurea. One hundred and three MHD patients and 82 healthy subjects were tested. Fourty four patients were treated with standard bicarbonate hemodialysis (HD) and 59 patients were on online hemodiafiltration (HDF). In all MHD patients e-GST activity was 60% higher than in healthy controls. In HDF, e-GST activity was lower than in HD subgroup (8.2±0.4 versus 10.0±0.4 U/gHb, respectively). Single-pool Kt/Vurea and total weekly Kt/Vurea were higher in HDF than in HD, but no correlation was found between e-GST activity and Kt/Vurea data. e-GST, whose level is stable during the erythrocyte life-span, provides information on the long-term depurative efficacy of dialysis treatments.
Collapse
|
31
|
Quesada-Soriano I, Primavera A, Casas-Solvas JM, Téllez-Sanz R, Barón C, Vargas-Berenguel A, Lo Bello M, García-Fuentes L. Identifying and characterizing binding sites on the irreversible inhibition of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 by S-thiocarbamoylation. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1594-604. [PMID: 22740430 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (hGST P1-1) is involved in cell detoxification processes through the conjugation of its natural substrate, reduced glutathione (GSH), with xenobiotics. GSTs are known to be overexpressed in tumors, and naturally occurring isothiocyanates, such as benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), are effective cancer chemopreventive compounds. To identify and characterize the potential inhibitory mechanisms of GST P1-1 induced by isothiocyanate conjugates, we studied the binding of GST P1-1 and some cysteine mutants to the BITC-SG conjugate as well as to the synthetic S-(N-benzylcarbamoylmethyl)glutathione conjugate (BC-SG). We report here the inactivation of GST P1-1 through the covalent modification of two Cys47 residues per dimer and one Cys101. The evidence has been compiled by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). ITC experiments suggest that the BITC-SG conjugate generates adducts with Cys47 and Cys101 at physiological temperatures through a corresponding kinetic process, in which the BITC moiety is covalently bound to these enzyme cysteines through an S-thiocarbamoylation reaction. ESI-MS analysis of the BITC-SG incubated enzymes indicates that although the Cys47 in each subunit is covalently attached to the BITC ligand moiety, only one of the Cys101 residues in the dimer is so attached. A plausible mechanism is given for the emergence of inactivation through the kinetic processes with both cysteines. Likewise, our molecular docking simulations suggest that steric hindrance is the reason why only one Cys101 per dimer is covalently modified by BITC-SG. No covalent inactivation of GST P1-1 with the BC-SG inhibitor has been observed. The affinities and inhibitory potencies for both conjugates are high and very similar, but slightly lower for BC-SG. Thus, we conclude that the presence of the sulfur atom from the isothiocyanate moiety in BITC-SG is crucial for its irreversible inhibition of GST P1-1.
Collapse
|
32
|
Structure and properties of iron nitrosyl complexes with functionalized sulfur-containing ligands. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
33
|
Fabrini R, Bocedi A, Massoud R, Federici G, Ricci G. Spectrophotometric assay for serum glutathione transferase: a re-examination. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:668-71. [PMID: 22391028 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present paper is a careful re-examination of an automated spectrophotometric procedure for glutathione transferase (GST) activity in human serum described previously and used in many laboratories. DESIGN AND METHODS GST activity in human serum has been assayed spectrophotometrically under various experimental conditions. Recombinant human GSTs and specific inhibitors were also used to check the possible occurrence of artifacts. RESULTS Basal level of the enzyme calculated using this method turns out to be much higher than that found using RIA and ELISA procedures. Relevant pH-dependent artifacts deeply affect this spectrophotometric assay. Notably, spectral changes previously interpreted as a measure of basal activity, are mainly due to an increase of the spontaneous reaction between the two substrates. CONCLUSION GST activity in normal serum cannot be correctly determined with the spectrophotometric assay described previously because of the very low enzyme concentration and the pH-dependent artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Fabrini
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chazov EI, Rodnenkov OV, Zorin AV, Lakomkin VL, Gramovich VV, Vyborov ON, Dragnev AG, Timoshin CACА, Buryachkovskaya LI, Abramov AA, Massenko VP, Arzamastsev EV, Kapelko VI, Vanin AF. Hypotensive effect of Oxacom® containing a dinitrosyl iron complex with glutathione: animal studies and clinical trials on healthy volunteers. Nitric Oxide 2012; 26:148-56. [PMID: 22326933 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of hypotensive effects of binuclear forms of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) with glutathione, S-nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO) and sodium nitrite (NaNO(2)) on rats has been carried out. The latter appeared to be the least efficient, viz., mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by 10 and 30 mmHg at 25 and 100 μmoles/kg of NaNO(2). In contrast, DNIC and GS-NO produced an appreciable hypotensive effect when used at much lower concentrations. GS-NO reduced MAP to the same extent, viz., to 90 mmHg, on a hundredfold dose scale (from 0.4 up to 50 μmoles/kg) with subsequent restoration of MAP within the next 6-15 min. A similar effect was observed for DNIC except that the amplitude of the MAP drop was lower and the duration of hypotension was essentially greater. DNIC with glutathione were selected as a basic material for pilot-scale production of a hypotensive drug (commercial name Oxacom®). Preliminary pharmacological testing of Oxacom did not establish any adverse or deleterious side effects. Clinical trials of Oxacom® were performed on 14 healthy male volunteers in whom single intravenous infusion of the drug (5mg/kg or 0.2 μmoles/kg of DNIC, respectively) evoked a characteristic response manifested as a 3-4 min drop by 24-27 mmHg of both diastolic and systolic AP with its subsequent slow restoration within the next 8-10h. The heart rate was quickly normalized after an initial increase. Cardiac output was unchanged despite reduced cardiac filling. A comprehensive analysis of clinical and biochemical data failed to establish any significant pathological changes in these parameters. The data obtained suggest that Oxacom® can be recommended for the second phase of clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny I Chazov
- Russian Cardiological Research and Productive Complex, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Treatment of doxorubicin-resistant MCF7/Dx cells with nitric oxide causes histone glutathionylation and reversal of drug resistance. Biochem J 2011; 440:175-83. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance was found to be suppressed in the doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell line MCF7/Dx after pre-treatment with GSNO (nitrosoglutathione). The effect was accompanied by enhanced protein glutathionylation and accumulation of doxorubicin in the nucleus. Among the glutathionylated proteins, we identified three members of the histone family; this is, to our knowledge, the first time that histone glutathionylation has been reported. Formation of the potential NO donor dinitrosyl–diglutathionyl–iron complex, bound to GSTP1-1 (glutathione transferase P1-1), was observed in both MCF7/Dx cells and drug-sensitive MCF7 cells to a similar extent. In contrast, histone glutathionylation was found to be markedly increased in the resistant MCF7/Dx cells, which also showed a 14-fold higher amount of GSTP1-1 and increased glutathione concentration compared with MCF7 cells. These results suggest that the increased cytotoxic effect of combined doxorubicin and GSNO treatment involves the glutathionylation of histones through a mechanism that requires high glutathione levels and increased expression of GSTP1-1. Owing to the critical role of histones in the regulation of gene expression, the implication of this finding may go beyond the phenomenon of doxorubicin resistance.
Collapse
|
36
|
Vanin AF, Chazov EI. Prospects of designing medicines with diverse therapeutic activity on the basis of dinitrosyl iron complexes with thiol-containing ligands. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350911020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
37
|
Quesada-Soriano I, Parker LJ, Primavera A, Wielens J, Holien JK, Casas-Solvas JM, Vargas-Berenguel A, Aguilera AM, Nuccetelli M, Mazzetti AP, Lo Bello M, Parker MW, García-Fuentes L. Diuretic drug binding to human glutathione transferase P1-1: potential role of Cys-101 revealed in the double mutant C47S/Y108V. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:220-34. [PMID: 20540076 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The diuretic drug ethacrynic acid (EA), both an inhibitor and substrate of pi class glutathione S-transferase (GST P1-1), has been tested in clinical trials as an adjuvant in chemotherapy. We recently studied the role of the active site residue Tyr-108 in binding EA to the enzyme and found that the analysis was complicated by covalent binding of this drug to the highly reactive Cys-47. Previous attempts to eliminate this binding by chemical modification yielded ambiguous results and therefore we decided here to produce a double mutant C47S/Y108V by site directed mutagenesis and further expression in Escherichia coli and the interaction of EA and its GSH conjugate (EASG) examined by calorimetric studies and X-ray diffraction. Surprisingly, in the absence of Cys-47, Cys-101 (located at the dimer interface) becomes a target for modification by EA, albeit at a lower conjugation rate than Cys-47. The Cys-47 → Ser mutation in the double mutant enzyme induces a positive cooperativity between the two subunits when ligands with affinity to G-site bind to enzyme. However, this mutation does not seem to affect the thermodynamic properties of ligand binding to the electrophilic binding site (H-site) and the thermal or chemical stability of this double mutant does not significantly affect the unfolding mechanism in either the absence or presence of ligand. Crystal structures of apo and an EASG complex are essentially identical with a few exceptions in the H-site and in the water network at the dimer interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indalecio Quesada-Soriano
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tegeder I, Scheving R, Wittig I, Geisslinger G. SNO-ing at the nociceptive synapse? Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:366-89. [PMID: 21436345 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is generally considered a pronociceptive retrograde transmitter that, by activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase-mediated cGMP production and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, drives nociceptive hypersensitivity. The duality of its functions, however, is increasingly recognized. This review summarizes nitric-oxide-mediated direct S-nitrosylation of target proteins that may modify nociceptive signaling, including glutamate receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-gated channels, proinflammatory enzymes, transcription factors, and redoxins. S-Nitrosylation events require close proximity of nitric oxide production and target proteins and a permissive redox state in the vicinity. Despite the diversity of potential targets and effects, three major schemes arise that may affect nociceptive signaling: 1) S-Nitrosylation-mediated changes of ion channel gating properties, 2) modulation of membrane fusion and fission, and thereby receptor and channel membrane insertion, and 3) modulation of ubiquitination, and thereby protein degradation or transcriptional activity. In addition, S-Nitrosylation may alter the production of nitric oxide itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irmgard Tegeder
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, Haus 74; 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang HH, Feng L, Livnat I, Hoh JK, Shim JY, Liao WX, Chen DB. Estradiol-17beta stimulates specific receptor and endogenous nitric oxide-dependent dynamic endothelial protein S-nitrosylation: analysis of endothelial nitrosyl-proteome. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3874-87. [PMID: 20519370 PMCID: PMC2940521 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Covalent adduction of a nitrosyl group to cysteines [S-nitrosylation (S-NO)] is emerging as a key route for nitric oxide (NO) to directly modulate protein functions. Here, we studied the effects of estrogens on endothelial protein S-NO and analyzed the nitrosyl-proteomes by biotin/CyDye switch technique combined with two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and identified nitrosoproteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Estradiol-17beta (E2) rapidly stimulated protein S-NO in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, maximizing within 10- to 30-min post-E2 (10 nm) exposure. E2-BSA also rapidly stimulated protein S-NO. Both E2 and E2-BSA-induced protein S-NO was blocked by ICI 182,780 and N-nitro-l-arginine-methylester. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressed estrogen receptor (ER)alpha and ERbeta; both seemed to be required for E2 stimulation of protein S-NO because: 1) neither ERalpha or ERbeta agonist alone, but their combination, stimulated protein S-NO; and 2) either ERalpha or ERbeta antagonist blocked E2-induced protein S-NO. Numerous nitrosoproteins (spots) were observed on two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel. One hundred spots of interest were picked up; 58 were identified and, of which 15 were novel nitrosoproteins, 28 were up-regulated, 11 were decreased, and the rest were unchanged by E2. Pathway analysis suggested that nitrosoproteins are involved in regulating various endothelial functions, including apoptosis, cell structure and metabolism, redox homeostasis, etc. Thus, estrogens stimulate dynamic endothelial protein S-NO via mechanisms linked to specific ERs possibly on the plasma membrane and endogenous NO. These findings signify a critical next step for the understanding of the biological targets of enhanced NO production by estrogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hai Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sinha V, Wijewickrama GT, Chandrasena REP, Xu H, Edirisinghe PD, Schiefer IT, Thatcher GRJ. Proteomic and mass spectroscopic quantitation of protein S-nitrosation differentiates NO-donors. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:667-80. [PMID: 20524644 DOI: 10.1021/cb100054m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosation has been argued to be the most important signaling pathway mediating the bioactivity of NO. This post-translational modification of protein thiols is the result of chemical nitrosation of cysteine residues. The term NO-donors covers very different chemical classes, from clinical therapeutics to probes of routine use in chemical biology; their different chemistry is predicted to result in distinctive biology regulated by protein S-nitrosation. To measure the extent of protein S-nitrosation by NO-donors, a proteomic mass spectrometry method was developed, which quantitates free thiol versus nitrosothiol for each modified cysteine residue, coined d-Switch. This method is adapted from the biotin switch (BST) method, used extensively to identify S-nitrosated proteins in complex biological mixtures; however, BST does not quantitate free thiol. Since glutathione-S-transferase P1-1 (GST-P1) has been proposed to be a biological "NO-carrier", GST-P1 was used as a reporter protein. The 5 different chemical classes of NO-donors compared by d-Switch demonstrated very different profiles of protein S-nitrosation and response to O(2) and cysteine, although all NO-donors were oxidants toward GST-P1. The low limits of detection and the ability to use established MS database searching allowed facile generalization of the d-Switch method. Therefore after incubation of neuronal cell cultures with nitrosothiol, it was possible to quantitate not only S-nitrosation of GST-P1 but also many other proteins, including novel targets such as ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (UCHL1). Moreover, d-Switch also allowed identification of non-nitrosated proteins and quantitation of degree of nitrosation for individual protein thiols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Sinha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Gihani T. Wijewickrama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - R. Esala P. Chandrasena
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Praneeth D. Edirisinghe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Isaac T. Schiefer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Gregory R. J. Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Quesada-Soriano I, Parker LJ, Primavera A, Casas-Solvas JM, Vargas-Berenguel A, Barón C, Morton CJ, Mazzetti AP, Lo Bello M, Parker MW, García-Fuentes L. Influence of the H-site residue 108 on human glutathione transferase P1-1 ligand binding: structure-thermodynamic relationships and thermal stability. Protein Sci 2010; 18:2454-70. [PMID: 19780048 DOI: 10.1002/pro.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the Y108V mutation of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (hGST P1-1) on the binding of the diuretic drug ethacrynic acid (EA) and its glutathione conjugate (EASG) was investigated by calorimetric, spectrofluorimetric, and crystallographic studies. The mutation Tyr 108 --> Val resulted in a 3D-structure very similar to the wild type (wt) enzyme, where both the hydrophobic ligand binding site (H-site) and glutathione binding site (G-site) are unchanged except for the mutation itself. However, due to a slight increase in the hydrophobicity of the H-site, as a consequence of the mutation, an increase in the entropy was observed. The Y108V mutation does not affect the affinity of EASG for the enzyme, which has a higher affinity (K(d) approximately 0.5 microM) when compared with those of the parent compounds, K(d) (EA) approximately 13 microM, K(d) (GSH) approximately 25 microM. The EA moiety of the conjugate binds in the H-site of Y108V mutant in a fashion completely different to those observed in the crystal structures of the EA or EASG wt complex structures. We further demonstrate that the Delta C(p) values of binding can also be correlated with the potential stacking interactions between ligand and residues located in the binding sites as predicted from crystal structures. Moreover, the mutation does not significantly affect the global stability of the enzyme. Our results demonstrate that calorimetric measurements maybe useful in determining the preference of binding (the binding mode) for a drug to a specific site of the enzyme, even in the absence of structural information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indalecio Quesada-Soriano
- Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fabrini R, De Luca A, Stella L, Mei G, Orioni B, Ciccone S, Federici G, Lo Bello M, Ricci G. Monomer-dimer equilibrium in glutathione transferases: a critical re-examination. Biochemistry 2009; 48:10473-82. [PMID: 19795889 DOI: 10.1021/bi901238t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are dimeric enzymes involved in cell detoxification versus many endogenous toxic compounds and xenobiotics. In addition, single monomers of GSTs appear to be involved in particular protein-protein interactions as in the case of the pi class GST that regulates the apoptotic process by means of a GST-c-Jun N-terminal kinase complex. Thus, the dimer-monomer transition of GSTs may have important physiological relevance, but many studies reached contrasting conclusions both about the modality and extension of this event and about the catalytic competence of a single subunit. This paper re-examines the monomer-dimer question in light of novel experiments and old observations. Recent papers claimed the existence of a predominant monomeric and active species among pi, alpha, and mu class GSTs at 20-40 nM dilution levels, reporting dissociation constants (K(d)) for dimeric GST of 5.1, 0.34, and 0.16 microM, respectively. However, we demonstrate here that only traces of monomers could be found at these concentrations since all these enzymes display K(d) values of <<1 nM, values thousands of times lower than those reported previously. Time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence anisotropy experiments, two-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, kinetic studies, and docking simulations have been used to reach such conclusions. Our results also indicate that there is no clear evidence of the existence of a fully active monomer. Conversely, many data strongly support the idea that the monomeric form is scarcely active or fully inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Fabrini
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bocedi A, Dawood KF, Fabrini R, Federici G, Gradoni L, Pedersen JZ, Ricci G. Trypanothione efficiently intercepts nitric oxide as a harmless iron complex in trypanosomatid parasites. FASEB J 2009; 24:1035-42. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-146407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bocedi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome Roma TreRome Italy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyDuke UniversityDurham NC USA
| | - Kutayba F. Dawood
- Department of Chemical Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome Italy
| | - Raffaele Fabrini
- Department of Chemical Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome Italy
| | - Giorgio Federici
- Children's Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Bambin GesùRome Italy
| | - Luigi Gradoni
- Department of InfectiousParasiticImmunomediated DiseasesIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Ricci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vanin AF. Dinitrosyl iron complexes with thiolate ligands: Physico-chemistry, biochemistry and physiology. Nitric Oxide 2009; 21:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
45
|
Liebau E, Dawood KF, Fabrini R, Fischer-Riepe L, Perbandt M, Stella L, Pedersen JZ, Bocedi A, Petrarca P, Federici G, Ricci G. Tetramerization and cooperativity in Plasmodium falciparum glutathione S-transferase are mediated by atypic loop 113-119. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:22133-22139. [PMID: 19531494 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.015198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase of Plasmodium falciparum (PfGST) displays a peculiar dimer to tetramer transition that causes full enzyme inactivation and loss of its ability to sequester parasitotoxic hemin. Furthermore, binding of hemin is modulated by a cooperative mechanism. Site-directed mutagenesis, steady-state kinetic experiments, and fluorescence anisotropy have been used to verify the possible involvement of loop 113-119 in the tetramerization process and in the cooperative phenomenon. This protein segment is one of the most prominent structural differences between PfGST and other GST isoenzymes. Our results demonstrate that truncation, increased rigidity, or even a simple point mutation of this loop causes a dramatic change in the tetramerization kinetics that becomes at least 100 times slower than in the native enzyme. All of the mutants tested have lost the positive cooperativity for hemin binding, suggesting that the integrity of this peculiar loop is essential for intersubunit communication. Interestingly, the tetramerization process of the native enzyme that occurs rapidly when GSH is removed is prevented not only by GSH but even by oxidized glutathione. This result suggests that protection by PfGST against hemin is independent of the redox status of the parasite cell. Because of the importance of this unique segment in the function/structure of PfGST, it could be a new target for the development of antimalarial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Liebau
- Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Münster, Hindenburgplatz, 55 Münster, Germany
| | - Kutayba F Dawood
- the Departments of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Fabrini
- the Departments of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lena Fischer-Riepe
- Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Münster, Hindenburgplatz, 55 Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Perbandt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- the Departments of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Jens Z Pedersen
- Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Roma Tre," 00146 Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | | | | | - Giorgio Ricci
- the Departments of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
An association between resistant hypertension and the null GSTM1 genotype. J Hum Hypertens 2009; 23:556-8. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2009.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Structure of an insect epsilon class glutathione S-transferase from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae provides an explanation for the high DDT-detoxifying activity. J Struct Biol 2008; 164:228-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
Ang WH, De Luca A, Chapuis-Bernasconi C, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Lo Bello M, Dyson PJ. Organometallic ruthenium inhibitors of glutathione-S-transferase P1-1 as anticancer drugs. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:1799-806. [PMID: 17918761 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-arene complexes conjugated to ethacrynic acid were prepared as part of a strategy to develop novel glutathione-S-transferase (GST) inhibitors with alternate modes of activity through the organometallic fragment, ultimately to provide targeted ruthenium-based anticancer drugs. Enzyme kinetics and electrospray mass spectrometry experiments using GST P1-1 and its cysteine-modified mutant forms revealed that the complexes are effective enzyme inhibitors, but they also rapidly inactivate the enzyme by covalent binding at Cys 47 and, to a lesser extent, Cys 101. They are highly effective against the GST Pi-positive A2780 and A2780cisR ovarian carcinoma cell lines, are among the most effective ruthenium complexes reported so far, and target ubiquitous GST Pi overexpressed in many cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wee Han Ang
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen YJ, Ku WC, Feng LT, Tsai ML, Hsieh CH, Hsu WH, Liaw WF, Hung CH, Chen YJ. Nitric Oxide Physiological Responses and Delivery Mechanisms Probed by Water-Soluble Roussin’s Red Ester and {Fe(NO)2}10 DNIC. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:10929-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ja711494m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50058 Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry,
| | - Wei-Chi Ku
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50058 Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry,
| | - Li-Ting Feng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50058 Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry,
| | - Ming-Li Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50058 Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry,
| | - Chung-Hung Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50058 Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry,
| | - Wen-Hwei Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50058 Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry,
| | - Wen-Feng Liaw
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50058 Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry,
| | - Chen-Hsiung Hung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50058 Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry,
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50058 Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Toledo JC, Bosworth CA, Hennon SW, Mahtani HA, Bergonia HA, Lancaster JR. Nitric oxide-induced conversion of cellular chelatable iron into macromolecule-bound paramagnetic dinitrosyliron complexes. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:28926-33. [PMID: 18480062 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707862200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important biological reactions of nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide, *NO) is its reaction with transition metals, of which iron is the major target. This is confirmed by the ubiquitous formation of EPR-detectable g=2.04 signals in cells, tissues, and animals upon exposure to both exogenous and endogenous *NO. The source of the iron for these dinitrosyliron complexes (DNIC), and its relationship to cellular iron homeostasis, is not clear. Evidence has shown that the chelatable iron pool (CIP) may be at least partially responsible for this iron, but quantitation and kinetic characterization have not been reported. In the murine cell line RAW 264.7, *NO reacts with the CIP similarly to the strong chelator salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) in rapidly releasing iron from the iron-calcein complex. SIH pretreatment prevents DNIC formation from *NO, and SIH added during the *NO treatment "freezes" DNIC levels, showing that the complexes are formed from the CIP, and they are stable (resistant to SIH). DNIC formation requires free *NO, because addition of oxyhemoglobin prevents formation from either *NO donor or S-nitrosocysteine, the latter treatment resulting in 100-fold higher intracellular nitrosothiol levels. EPR measurement of the CIP using desferroxamine shows quantitative conversion of CIP into DNIC by *NO. In conclusion, the CIP is rapidly and quantitatively converted to paramagnetic large molecular mass DNIC from exposure to free *NO but not from cellular nitrosothiol. These results have important implications for the antioxidative actions of *NO and its effects on cellular iron homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José C Toledo
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|