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Maramraju S, Kowalczewski A, Kaza A, Liu X, Singaraju JP, Albert MV, Ma Z, Yang H. AI-organoid integrated systems for biomedical studies and applications. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10641. [PMID: 38435826 PMCID: PMC10905559 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing the biomedical applications of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived organoids. Stem cell-derived organoids, these miniature organ replicas, have become essential tools for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. However, analyzing the vast and intricate datasets generated from these organoids can be inefficient and error-prone. AI techniques offer a promising solution to efficiently extract insights and make predictions from diverse data types generated from microscopy images, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. This review offers a brief overview of organoid characterization and fundamental concepts in AI while focusing on a comprehensive exploration of AI applications in organoid-based disease modeling and drug evaluation. It provides insights into the future possibilities of AI in enhancing the quality control of organoid fabrication, label-free organoid recognition, and three-dimensional image reconstruction of complex organoid structures. This review presents the challenges and potential solutions in AI-organoid integration, focusing on the establishment of reliable AI model decision-making processes and the standardization of organoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhiksha Maramraju
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- Texas Academy of Mathematics and ScienceUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Andrew Kowalczewski
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical EngineeringSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
- BioInspired Institute for Material and Living SystemsSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Anirudh Kaza
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- Texas Academy of Mathematics and ScienceUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Xiyuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace EngineeringSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Jathin Pranav Singaraju
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- Texas Academy of Mathematics and ScienceUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Mark V. Albert
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical EngineeringSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
- BioInspired Institute for Material and Living SystemsSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
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2
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Boyang H, Yangyanqiu W, Wenting R, Chenxin Y, Jian C, Zhanbo Q, Yanjun Y, Qiang Y, Shuwen H. Application and progress of highcontent imaging in molecular biology. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300170. [PMID: 37639283 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Humans have adopted many different methods to explore matter imaging, among which high content imaging (HCI) could conduct automated imaging analysis of cells while maintaining its structural and functional integrity. Meanwhile, as one of the most important research tools for diagnosing human diseases, HCI is widely used in the frontier of medical research, and its future application has attracted researchers' great interests. Here, the meaning of HCI was briefly explained, the history of optical imaging and the birth of HCI were described, and the experimental methods of HCI were described. Furthermore, the directions of the application of HCI were highlighted in five aspects: protein localization changes, gene identification, chemical and genetic analysis, microbiology, and drug discovery. Most importantly, some challenges and future directions of HCI were discussed, and the application and optimization of HCI were expected to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Boyang
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Wang Yangyanqiu
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Rui Wenting
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yan Chenxin
- Shulan International Medical School, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Jian
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Qu Zhanbo
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Yao Yanjun
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yan Qiang
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Han Shuwen
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, China
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3
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Dinsmore CJ, Soriano P. Conditional fluorescent mouse translocation reporters for ERK1/2 and AKT signaling. Dev Biol 2023; 503:113-119. [PMID: 37660778 PMCID: PMC10529872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how cells activate intracellular signaling pathways in response to external signals, such as growth factors, is a longstanding goal of cell and developmental biology. Recently, live-cell signaling reporters have greatly expanded our understanding of signaling dynamics in response to wide-ranging stimuli and chemical or genetic perturbation, both ex vivo (cell lines) and in vivo (whole embryos or animals). Among the many varieties of reporter systems, translocation reporters that change sub-cellular localization in response to pathway activation have received considerable attention for their ease of use compared to FRET systems and favorable response times compared to transcriptional reporters. We reasoned that mouse reporter lines expressed in a conditional fashion would be a useful addition to the arsenal of mouse genetic tools, as such lines remain undeveloped despite widespread use of these sensors. We therefore created and validated two novel mouse reporter lines at the ROSA26 locus. One expresses an ERK1/2 pathway reporter and a nuclear marker from a single transcript, while the second additionally expresses an AKT reporter in order to simultaneously interrogate both pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Dinsmore
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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4
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Yulak F, Filiz AK, Joha Z, Ergul M. Mechanism of anticancer effect of ETP-45658, a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor on HT-29 Cells. Med Oncol 2023; 40:341. [PMID: 37891359 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K pathway plays a crucial role in tumor cell proliferation across various cancers, including colon cancer, making it a promising treatment target. This study aims to investigate the antiproliferative activity of ETP-45658, a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor, on colon cancer and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. HT-29 colon cancer cells were treated with varying doses of ETP 45658 and its cytotoxic effect assessed using the XTT cell viability assay.ELISA was also used to measure TAS, TOS, Bax, BCL-2, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved PARP, and 8-oxo-dG levels. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate apoptosis, cell cycle, caspase 3/7 activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, following the administration of DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) dye, the cells were visualized using an immunofluorescence microscope. It was observed that ETP-45658 exerted a dose-dependent and statistically significant antiproliferative effect on HT-29 colon cancer cells. Further investigations using the IC50 dose showed that ETP-45658 decreased TAS levels and increased TOS levels and revealed that it upregulated apoptotic proteins while downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins. Our findings also showed that it increased Annexin V binding, arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, induced caspase 3/7 activity, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultimately triggered apoptosis in HT-29 cells. ETP-45658 shows promise against colon cancer by inducing cell death, and oxidative stress, and arresting the cell cycle. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with ETP-45658 offers exciting potential for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Yulak
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kemal Filiz
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zıad Joha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ergul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
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5
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Jimenez L, Mayoral-Varo V, Amenábar C, Ortega J, Sequeira JGN, Machuqueiro M, Mourato C, Silvestri R, Angeli A, Carta F, Supuran CT, Megías D, Ferreira BI, Link W. Multiplexed cellular profiling identifies an organoselenium compound as an inhibitor of CRM1-mediated nuclear export. Traffic 2022; 23:587-599. [PMID: 36353954 PMCID: PMC10099545 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1 also known as Xpo1 and exportin-1) is the receptor for the nuclear export controlling the intracellular localization and function of many cellular and viral proteins that play a crucial role in viral infections and cancer. The inhibition of CRM1 has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to interfere with the lifecycle of many viruses, for the treatment of cancer, and to overcome therapy resistance. Recently, selinexor has been approved as the first CRM1 inhibitor for the treatment of multiple myeloma, providing proof of concept for this therapeutic option with a new mode of action. However, selinexor is associated with dose-limiting toxicity and hence, the discovery of alternative small molecule leads that could be developed as less toxic anticancer and antiviral therapeutics will have a significant impact in the clinic. Here, we report a CRM1 inhibitor discovery platform. The development of this platform includes reporter cell lines that monitor CRM1 activity by using red fluorescent protein or green fluorescent protein-labeled HIV-1 Rev protein with a strong heterologous nuclear export signal. Simultaneously, the intracellular localization of other proteins, to be interrogated for their capacity to undergo CRM1-mediated export, can be followed by co-culturing stable cell lines expressing fluorescent fusion proteins. We used this platform to interrogate the mode of nuclear export of several proteins, including PDK1, p110α, STAT5A, FOXO1, 3, 4 and TRIB2, and to screen a compound collection. We show that while p110α partially relies on CRM1-dependent nuclear export, TRIB2 is exported from the nucleus in a CRM1-independent manner. Compound screening revealed the striking activity of an organoselenium compound on the CRM1 nuclear export receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Jimenez
- Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Mayoral-Varo
- Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Amenábar
- Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Ortega
- Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - João G N Sequeira
- BioISI--Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machuqueiro
- BioISI--Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Mourato
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Algarve Biomedical Center, Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Florence, Italy
| | - Diego Megías
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Unit, Instituto de salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bibiana I Ferreira
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Algarve Biomedical Center, Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Jimenez L, Amenabar C, Mayoral-Varo V, Mackenzie TA, Ramos MC, Silva A, Calissi G, Grenho I, Blanco-Aparicio C, Pastor J, Megías D, Ferreira BI, Link W. mTORC2 Is the Major Second Layer Kinase Negatively Regulating FOXO3 Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175414. [PMID: 36080182 PMCID: PMC9457944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins are transcription factors involved in cancer and aging and their pharmacological manipulation could be beneficial for the treatment of cancer and healthy aging. FOXO proteins are mainly regulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. As these modifications are reversible, activation and inactivation of FOXO factors is attainable through pharmacological treatment. One major regulatory input of FOXO signaling is mediated by protein kinases. Here, we use specific inhibitors against different kinases including PI3K, mTOR, MEK and ALK, and other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to determine their effect on FOXO3 activity. While we show that inhibition of PI3K efficiently drives FOXO3 into the cell nucleus, the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors dactolisib and PI-103 induce nuclear FOXO translocation more potently than the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib. Furthermore, specific inhibition of mTOR kinase activity affecting both mTORC1 and mTORC2 potently induced nuclear translocation of FOXO3, while rapamycin, which specifically inhibits the mTORC1, failed to affect FOXO3. Interestingly, inhibition of the MAPK pathway had no effect on the localization of FOXO3 and upstream RTK inhibition only weakly induced nuclear FOXO3. We also measured the effect of the test compounds on the phosphorylation status of AKT, FOXO3 and ERK, on FOXO-dependent transcriptional activity and on the subcellular localization of other FOXO isoforms. We conclude that mTORC2 is the most important second layer kinase negatively regulating FOXO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Jimenez
- Institute of Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Amenabar
- Institute of Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Mayoral-Varo
- Institute of Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas A. Mackenzie
- Fundación MEDINA, Health Sciences Technology Park, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria C. Ramos
- Fundación MEDINA, Health Sciences Technology Park, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Andreia Silva
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Algarve Biomedical Center, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Giampaolo Calissi
- Institute of Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inês Grenho
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Algarve Biomedical Center, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Pastor
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bibiana I. Ferreira
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Algarve Biomedical Center, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (B.I.F.); (W.L.)
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Institute of Biomedical Research Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.I.F.); (W.L.)
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7
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McIntyre RL, Liu YJ, Hu M, Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA, Houtkooper RH, Janssens GE. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical activation of FOXO3 for healthy longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101621. [PMID: 35421606 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased substantially over the last 150 years. Yet this means that now most people also spend a greater length of time suffering from various age-associated diseases. As such, delaying age-related functional decline and extending healthspan, the period of active older years free from disease and disability, is an overarching objective of current aging research. Geroprotectors, compounds that target pathways that causally influence aging, are increasingly recognized as a means to extend healthspan in the aging population. Meanwhile, FOXO3 has emerged as a geroprotective gene intricately involved in aging and healthspan. FOXO3 genetic variants are linked to human longevity, reduced disease risks, and even self-reported health. Therefore, identification of FOXO3-activating compounds represents one of the most direct candidate approaches to extending healthspan in aging humans. In this work, we review compounds that activate FOXO3, or influence healthspan or lifespan in a FOXO3-dependent manner. These compounds can be classified as pharmaceuticals, including PI3K/AKT inhibitors and AMPK activators, antidepressants and antipsychotics, muscle relaxants, and HDAC inhibitors, or as nutraceuticals, including primary metabolites involved in cell growth and sustenance, and secondary metabolites including extracts, polyphenols, terpenoids, and other purified natural compounds. The compounds documented here provide a basis and resource for further research and development, with the ultimate goal of promoting healthy longevity in humans.
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Passirani C, Vessières A, La Regina G, Link W, Silvestri R. Modulating undruggable targets to overcome cancer therapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 60:100788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wang W, Chen Z, Chen X, Ni S, Jia Y, Fan L, Ma L. DG-8d, a novel diosgenin derivative, decreases the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of A549 cells by inhibiting the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. Steroids 2021; 174:108898. [PMID: 34339756 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung neoplasm has a relatively poor prognosis, and the clinical efficacy of targeted medicine remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, the development of novel efficient anti-lung cancer drugs is urgently needed. In our previous study, we showed that a novel diosgenin derivative 8d (DG-8d), which contained 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety, had significant cytotoxic activity on human tumor cells, especially the A549 cells. However, the underlying mechanism of DG-8d was unknown. In this study, the pharmacological effect of DG-8d on the A549 cells was inspected. METHOD Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 assays, morphological changes and quantitative analysis of flow cytometry. Levels of gene and protein expression of apoptosis-related and PI3k/Akt pathway were evaluated by qRT-PCR, immunostaining and Western blot analysis. RESULT The findings proved that DG-8d could inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. The effect of DG-8d on the proliferation and apoptosis in the A549 cells were improved with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). Moreover, the effect of DG-8d on apoptosis was further confirmed by AO-EB dye, mitochondrial depolarization and accrued intracellular ROS. Gene and protein detection showed that DG-8d or DG-8d combined with LY294002 could down-regulate signaling molecules of Bcl-2, PI3k, p-Akt, p-FoxO3a and up-regulate signaling molecules of Bax snd Bim. In addition, nuclear translocation of FoxO3a was observed significantly in the cells. CONCLUSION DG-8d could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of the A549 cells, which maybe mainly because of the suppression of the PI3k/Akt pathways. Finally, we believe that DG-8d can be developed as a possible agent for carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Wang
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Shiyu Ni
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Daqing 163001, China
| | - Yongming Jia
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Li Fan
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Liwei Ma
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China.
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10
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Renner H, Schöler HR, Bruder JM. Combining Automated Organoid Workflows With Artificial Intelligence-Based Analyses: Opportunities to Build a New Generation of Interdisciplinary High-Throughput Screens for Parkinson's Disease and Beyond. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2745-2762. [PMID: 34498298 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and primarily characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the midbrain. Despite decades of research and the development of various disease model systems, there is no curative treatment. This could be due to current model systems, including cell culture and animal models, not adequately recapitulating human PD etiology. More complex human disease models, including human midbrain organoids, are maturing technologies that increasingly enable the strategic incorporation of the missing components needed to model PD in vitro. The resulting organoid-based biological complexity provides new opportunities and challenges in data analysis of rich multimodal data sets. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities can take advantage of large, broad data sets and even correlate results across disciplines. Current organoid technologies no longer lack the prerequisites for large-scale high-throughput screening (HTS) and can generate complex yet reproducible data suitable for AI-based data mining. We have recently developed a fully scalable and HTS-compatible workflow for the generation, maintenance, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) microtissues mimicking key characteristics of the human midbrain (called "automated midbrain organoids," AMOs). AMOs build a reproducible, scalable foundation for creating next-generation 3D models of human neural disease that can fuel mechanism-agnostic phenotypic drug discovery in human in vitro PD models and beyond. Here, we explore the opportunities and challenges resulting from the convergence of organoid HTS and AI-driven data analytics and outline potential future avenues toward the discovery of novel mechanisms and drugs in PD research. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Renner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan M Bruder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
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Target identification for small-molecule discovery in the FOXO3a tumor-suppressor pathway using a biodiverse peptide library. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1602-1615.e9. [PMID: 34111400 PMCID: PMC8610377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic screening technologies to identify and validate macromolecular interactions (MMIs) essential for complex pathways remain an important unmet need for systems biology and therapeutics development. Here, we use a library of peptides from diverse prokaryal genomes to screen MMIs promoting the nuclear relocalization of Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3a), a tumor suppressor more frequently inactivated by post-translational modification than mutation. A hit peptide engages the 14-3-3 family of signal regulators through a phosphorylation-dependent interaction, modulates FOXO3a-mediated transcription, and suppresses cancer cell growth. In a crystal structure, the hit peptide occupies the phosphopeptide-binding groove of 14-3-3ε in a conformation distinct from its natural peptide substrates. A biophysical screen identifies drug-like small molecules that displace the hit peptide from 14-3-3ε, providing starting points for structure-guided development. Our findings exemplify “protein interference,” an approach using evolutionarily diverse, natural peptides to rapidly identify, validate, and develop chemical probes against MMIs essential for complex cellular phenotypes. We describe protein interference, an approach to identify and validate new drug targets A genetic screen identifies a protein interference probe inducing FOXO3a reactivation The probe defines a druggable binding site in the 14-3-3 signal regulator family We illustrate a workflow to parse complex cellular pathways for new drug targets
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12
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Abstract
FOXO proteins are transcription factors that are involved in numerous physiological processes and in various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic neurological diseases. For example, FOXO proteins are context-dependent tumour suppressors that are frequently inactivated in human cancers, and FOXO3 is the second most replicated gene associated with extreme human longevity. Therefore, pharmacological manipulation of FOXO proteins is a promising approach to developing therapeutics for cancer and for healthy ageing. In this Review, we overview the role of FOXO proteins in health and disease and discuss the pharmacological approaches to modulate FOXO function.
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13
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Wheeler EC, Vu AQ, Einstein JM, DiSalvo M, Ahmed N, Van Nostrand EL, Shishkin AA, Jin W, Allbritton NL, Yeo GW. Pooled CRISPR screens with imaging on microraft arrays reveals stress granule-regulatory factors. Nat Methods 2020; 17:636-642. [PMID: 32393832 PMCID: PMC7357298 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic screens using pooled CRISPR-based approaches are scalable and inexpensive, but restricted to standard readouts, including survival, proliferation and sortable markers. However, many biologically relevant cell states involve cellular and subcellular changes that are only accessible by microscopic visualization, and are currently impossible to screen with pooled methods. Here we combine pooled CRISPR-Cas9 screening with microraft array technology and high-content imaging to screen image-based phenotypes (CRaft-ID; CRISPR-based microRaft followed by guide RNA identification). By isolating microrafts that contain genetic clones harboring individual guide RNAs (gRNA), we identify RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that influence the formation of stress granules, the punctate protein-RNA assemblies that form during stress. To automate hit identification, we developed a machine-learning model trained on nuclear morphology to remove unhealthy cells or imaging artifacts. In doing so, we identified and validated previously uncharacterized RBPs that modulate stress granule abundance, highlighting the applicability of our approach to facilitate image-based pooled CRISPR screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Wheeler
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine and UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Q Vu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine and UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Einstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine and UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew DiSalvo
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Noorsher Ahmed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine and UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric L Van Nostrand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine and UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander A Shishkin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine and UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Eclipse BioInnovations, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wenhao Jin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine and UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Medicine and UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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14
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HCS Methodology for Helping in Lab Scale Image-Based Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 31432486 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9686-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
High-content screening (HCS) automates image acquisition and analysis in microscopy. This technology considers the multiple parameters contained in the images and produces statistically significant results. The recent improvements in image acquisition throughput, image analysis, and machine learning (ML) have popularized this kind of experiments, emphasizing the need for new tools and know-how to help in its design, analysis, and data interpretation. This chapter summarizes HCS recommendations for lab scale assays and provides both macros for HCS-oriented image analysis and user-friendly tools for data mining processes. All the steps described herein are oriented to a wide variety of image cell-based experiments. The workflows are illustrated with practical examples and test images. Their use is expected to help analyze thousands of images, create graphical representations, and apply machine learning models on HCS.
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15
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Liu W, Li Y, Luo B. Current perspective on the regulation of FOXO4 and its role in disease progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:651-663. [PMID: 31529218 PMCID: PMC11104957 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) is a member of the FOXO family that regulates a number of genes involved in metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cellular homeostasis via transcriptional activity. It also mediates cell responses to oxidative stress and treatment with antitumor agents. The expression of FOXO4 is repressed by microRNAs in multiple cancer cells, while FOXO4 function is regulated by post-translational modifications and interaction with other proteins. The deregulation of FOXO4 is closely linked to the progression of several types of cancer, senescence, and other diseases. In this review, we present recent findings on the regulation of FOXO4 in physiological and pathological conditions and provide an overview of the complex role of FOXO4 in disease development and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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16
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Smith K, Piccinini F, Balassa T, Koos K, Danka T, Azizpour H, Horvath P. Phenotypic Image Analysis Software Tools for Exploring and Understanding Big Image Data from Cell-Based Assays. Cell Syst 2019; 6:636-653. [PMID: 29953863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic image analysis is the task of recognizing variations in cell properties using microscopic image data. These variations, produced through a complex web of interactions between genes and the environment, may hold the key to uncover important biological phenomena or to understand the response to a drug candidate. Today, phenotypic analysis is rarely performed completely by hand. The abundance of high-dimensional image data produced by modern high-throughput microscopes necessitates computational solutions. Over the past decade, a number of software tools have been developed to address this need. They use statistical learning methods to infer relationships between a cell's phenotype and data from the image. In this review, we examine the strengths and weaknesses of non-commercial phenotypic image analysis software, cover recent developments in the field, identify challenges, and give a perspective on future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Smith
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lindstedtsvägen 3, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, Meldola, FC 47014, Italy
| | - Tamas Balassa
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Center (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Koos
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Center (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tivadar Danka
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Center (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hossein Azizpour
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lindstedtsvägen 3, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter Horvath
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Center (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Liu Z, Shi Z, Lin J, Zhao S, Hao M, Xu J, Li Y, Zhao Q, Tao L, Diao A. Piperlongumine-induced nuclear translocation of the FOXO3A transcription factor triggers BIM-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:101-110. [PMID: 30753811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box O 3A (FOXO3A) is a tumor suppressor that promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Piperlongumine (PL), a plant alkaloid, is known to selectively kill tumor cells while sparing normal cells. However, the mechanism of PL-induced cancer cell death is not fully understood. We report here that an association of FOXO3A with the pro-apoptotic protein BIM (also known as BCL2-like 11, BCL2L11) has a direct and specific function in PL-induced cancer cell death. Using HeLa cells stably expressing a FOXO3A-GFP fusion protein and several other cancer cell lines, we found that PL treatment induces FOXO3A dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation and promotes its binding to the BIM gene promoter, resulting in the up-regulation of BIM in the cancer cell lines. Accordingly, PL inhibited cell viability and caused intrinsic apoptosis in a FOXO3A-dependent manner. Of note, siRNA-mediated FOXO3A knockdown rescued the cells from PL-induced cell death. In vivo, the PL treatment markedly inhibited xenograft tumor growth, and this inhibition was accompanied by the activation of the FOXO3A-BIM axis. Moreover, PL promoted FOXO3A dephosphorylation by inhibiting phosphorylation and activation of Akt, a kinase that phosphorylates FOXO3A. In summary, our findings indicate that PL activates the FOXO3A-BIM apoptotic axis by promoting dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of FOXO3A via Akt signaling inhibition. These findings uncover a critical mechanism underlying the effects of PL on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhichen Shi
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jieru Lin
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Junting Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuyin Li
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Li Tao
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Aipo Diao
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China.
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18
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Veale CGL. Unpacking the Pathogen Box-An Open Source Tool for Fighting Neglected Tropical Disease. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:386-453. [PMID: 30614200 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Pathogen Box is a 400-strong collection of drug-like compounds, selected for their potential against several of the world's most important neglected tropical diseases, including trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, filariasis, schistosomiasis, dengue virus and trichuriasis, in addition to malaria and tuberculosis. This library represents an ensemble of numerous successful drug discovery programmes from around the globe, aimed at providing a powerful resource to stimulate open source drug discovery for diseases threatening the most vulnerable communities in the world. This review seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of the literature pertaining to the compounds in the Pathogen Box, including structure-activity relationship highlights, mechanisms of action, related compounds with reported activity against different diseases, and, where appropriate, discussion on the known and putative targets of compounds, thereby providing context and increasing the accessibility of the Pathogen Box to the drug discovery community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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19
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High-Throughput Image-Based Screening to Identify Chemical Compounds Capable of Activating FOXO. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1890:151-161. [PMID: 30414152 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8900-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FOXO proteins are transcription factors with important roles in the regulation of the expression of genes involved in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and longevity. FOXO proteins are active in the nucleus but, upon post-translational modification they form a docking site for 14-3-3 proteins and are translocated to the cytoplasm where they are inactive.We make use of this regulatory mechanism of FOXO proteins to develop an image-based high-throughput screening platform to detect compounds that regulate FOXO3 subcellular localization. This system has proven a powerful tool to isolate inhibitors of proteins upstream of FOXO, such as PI3K inhibitors.
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20
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Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins are a family of transcription factors with four members in mammals, namely FOXO1, FOXO3a, FOXO4, and FOXO6. FOXO factors, originally identified as downstream regulators of the insulin pathway, are known to bind to the promoters of a broad variety of target genes and control several processes of key importance for cellular homeostasis including cellular energy production, oxidative stress resistance, and cell viability and proliferation. Accordingly, deregulation of FOXO proteins has been shown to play an essential role in metabolic disorders, human longevity, and the suppression of tumors. As the activity of these transcription factors is controlled by posttranslational modifications, inactivation of FOXOs occurs mostly due to the overactivation of their upstream modifying enzymes providing a wealth of possibilities for restoring FOXO activity pharmaceutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Link
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Abuzenadah A, Al-Saedi S, Karim S, Al-Qahtani M. Role of Overexpressed Transcription Factor FOXO1 in Fatal Cardiovascular Septal Defects in Patau Syndrome: Molecular and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113547. [PMID: 30423812 PMCID: PMC6274780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patau Syndrome (PS), characterized as a lethal disease, allows less than 15% survival over the first year of life. Most deaths owe to brain and heart disorders, more so due to septal defects because of altered gene regulations. We ascertained the cytogenetic basis of PS first, followed by molecular analysis and docking studies. Thirty-seven PS cases were referred from the Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital to the Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Jeddah during 2008 to 2018. Cytogenetic analyses were performed by standard G-band method and trisomy13 were found in all the PS cases. Studies have suggested that genes of chromosome 13 and other chromosomes are associated with PS. We, therefore, did molecular pathway analysis, gene interaction, and ontology studies to identify their associations. Genomic analysis revealed important chr13 genes such as FOXO1, Col4A1, HMGBB1, FLT1, EFNB2, EDNRB, GAS6, TNFSF1, STARD13, TRPC4, TUBA3C, and TUBA3D, and their regulatory partners on other chromosomes associated with cardiovascular disorders, atrial and ventricular septal defects. There is strong indication of involving FOXO1 (Forkhead Box O1) gene-a strong transcription factor present on chr13, interacting with many septal defects link genes. The study was extended using molecular docking to find a potential drug lead for overexpressed FOXO1 inhibition. The phenothiazine and trifluoperazine showed efficiency to inhibit overexpressed FOXO1 protein, and could be potential drugs for PS/trisomy13 after validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad Al-Saedi
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Sharabi A, Tsokos MG, Ding Y, Malek TR, Klatzmann D, Tsokos GC. Regulatory T cells in the treatment of disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:823-844. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Miah AH, Champigny AC, Graves RH, Hodgson ST, Percy JM, Procopiou PA. Identification of pyrazolopyrimidine arylsulfonamides as CC-chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5327-5340. [PMID: 28801066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel 4-aminoindazole sulfonamide hit (13) was identified as a human CCR4 antagonists from testing a focussed library of compounds in the primary GTPγS assay. Replacing the indazole core with a pyrazolopyrimidine, and introduction of a methoxy group adjacent to the sulfonamide substituent, resulted in the identification of pyrazolopyrimidine 37a, which exhibited good binding affinity in the GTPγS assay (pIC50=7.2), low lipophilicity (clogP=2.2, chromlogD7.4=2.4), high LE (0.41), high solubility (CLND solubility ≥581µM), and an excellent PK profile in both the rat (F=62%) and the dog (F=100%). Further SAR investigation of the pyrazolopyrimidine suggested that substitution at N1 is tolerated, providing a suitable vector to modulate the properties, and increase the potency in a lead optimisation campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afjal H Miah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Aurelie C Champigny
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca H Graves
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T Hodgson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Percy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Panayiotis A Procopiou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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24
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Link W, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. FOXO transcription factors at the interface of metabolism and cancer. Int J Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28631330 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by impaired insulin signalling and high blood glucose. A growing body of epidemiological evidence links diabetes to several types of cancer but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. The signalling cascade connecting insulin and FOXO proteins provides a compelling example for a conserved pathway at the interface between insulin signalling and cancer. FOXOs are transcription factors that orchestrate programs of gene expression known to control a variety of processes in response to cellular stress. Genes regulated by this family of proteins are involved in the regulation of cellular energy production, oxidative stress resistance and cell viability and proliferation. Accordingly, FOXO factors have been shown to play an important role in the suppression of tumour growth and in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. There is emerging evidence that deregulation of FOXO factors might account for the association between insulin resistance-related metabolic disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Link
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, room 2.22, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
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25
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Choi S, Chung H, Hong H, Kim SY, Kim SE, Seoh JY, Moon CM, Yang EG, Oh ES. Inflammatory hypoxia induces syndecan-2 expression through IL-1β-mediated FOXO3a activation in colonic epithelia. FASEB J 2016; 31:1516-1530. [PMID: 28031321 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601098r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is known to be a key causative factor in tumor progression, but we do not yet fully understand the molecular mechanism through which inflammation leads to cancer. Here, we report that the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of chronic colitis is associated with increases in the serum level of IL-1β and the colonic epithelial expression of the cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, syndecan-2. We further show that IL-1β stimulated the transcription of syndecan-2 via NF-κB-dependent FOXO3a activation in CCD841CoN normal colonic epithelial cells and early-stage HT29 colon cancer cells. Inflammatory hypoxia was observed in the colonic epithelia of mice with chronic colitis, suggesting that hypoxic stress is involved in the regulation of syndecan-2 expression. Consistently, experimental inflammatory hypoxia induced hypoxia inducible factor-1α-dependent FOXO3a expression and the p38 MAPK-mediated nuclear localization of FOXO3a. FOXO3a directly mediated syndecan-2 expression in both cell lines and the colonic epithelia of mice with DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, syndecan-2 expression was detected in azoxymethane/DSS-induced colon tumors. Together, these data demonstrate that inflammatory hypoxia up-regulates syndecan-2 via the IL-1β-NF-κB-FOXO3a pathway. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into inflammatory hypoxia-mediated syndecan-2 expression to connect chronic inflammation and the development of colon cancer.-Choi, S., Chung, H., Hong, H., Kim, S. Y., Kim, S.-E., Seoh, J.-Y., Moon, C. M., Yang, E. G., Oh, E.-S. Inflammatory hypoxia induces syndecan-2 expression through IL-1β-mediated FOXO3a activation in colonic epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojoong Choi
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heesung Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; .,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heejeong Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; and
| | - Ju-Young Seoh
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Mo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; and
| | - Eun Gyeong Yang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea;
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; .,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Collier JB, Whitaker RM, Eblen ST, Schnellmann RG. Rapid Renal Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1α by Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26850-26859. [PMID: 27875304 PMCID: PMC5207191 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.754762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) directly inhibits mitochondrial function during cellular injury. We evaluated the role of ERK1/2 on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) gene, a master regulator of mitochondrial function. The potent and specific MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib rapidly blocked ERK1/2 phosphorylation, decreased cytosolic and nuclear FOXO3a/1 phosphorylation, and increased PGC-1α gene expression and its downstream mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) targets under physiological conditions in the kidney cortex and in primary renal cell cultures. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib blocked ERK1/2 phosphorylation and increased PGC-1α gene expression similar to treatment with trametinib, linking EGFR activation and FOXO3a/1 inactivation to the down-regulation of PGC-1α and MB through ERK1/2. Pretreatment with trametinib blocked early ERK1/2 phosphorylation following ischemia/reperfusion kidney injury and attenuated the down-regulation of PGC-1α and downstream target genes. These results demonstrate that ERK1/2 rapidly regulates mitochondrial function through a novel pathway, EGFR/ERK1/2/FOXO3a/1/PGC-1α, under physiological and pathological conditions. As such, ERK1/2 down-regulates mitochondrial function directly by phosphorylation of upstream regulators of PGC-1α and subsequently decreasing MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Collier
- From the Departments of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Ryan M Whitaker
- From the Departments of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Scott T Eblen
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425 and
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- From the Departments of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences and
- the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
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Cautain B, Castillo F, Musso L, Ferreira BI, de Pedro N, Rodriguez Quesada L, Machado S, Vicente F, Dallavalle S, Link W. Discovery of a Novel, Isothiazolonaphthoquinone-Based Small Molecule Activator of FOXO Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Shuttling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167491. [PMID: 27936162 PMCID: PMC5147912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXO factors are tumour suppressor proteins commonly inactivated in human tumours by posttranslational modifications. Furthermore, genetic variation within the FOXO3a gene is consistently associated with human longevity. Therefore, the pharmacological activation of FOXO proteins is considered as an attractive therapeutic approach to treat cancer and age-related diseases. In order to identify agents capable of activating FOXOs, we tested a collection of small chemical compounds using image-based high content screening technology. Here, we report the discovery of LOM612 (compound 1a), a newly synthesized isothiazolonaphthoquinone as a potent FOXO relocator. Compound 1a induces nuclear translocation of a FOXO3a reporter protein as well as endogenous FOXO3a and FOXO1 in U2OS cells in a dose-dependent manner. This activity does not affect the subcellular localization of other cellular proteins including NFkB or inhibit CRM1-mediated nuclear export. Furthermore, compound 1a shows a potent antiproliferative effect in human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Cautain
- Fundacion MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Castillo
- Fundacion MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Loana Musso
- DeFENS Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - Bibiana I. Ferreira
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Gambelas Campus, Faro, Portugal
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuria de Pedro
- Fundacion MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Susana Machado
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Gambelas Campus, Faro, Portugal
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundacion MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- DeFENS Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Gambelas Campus, Faro, Portugal
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Kasper IR, Apostolidis SA, Sharabi A, Tsokos GC. Empowering Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmunity. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:784-797. [PMID: 27461103 PMCID: PMC5003773 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are capable of dampening immune-mediated inflammation and avert the destructive effects of uncontrolled inflammation. Distinct molecules and pathways, including various transcription factors, phosphatases, and kinases, impact the ability of Tregs to function as negative regulators of the immune response, and are presumably amenable to therapeutic manipulation. Here, we discuss recently identified molecular networks and the therapeutic potential for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R Kasper
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Clinical Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Bougen-Zhukov N, Loh SY, Lee HK, Loo LH. Large-scale image-based screening and profiling of cellular phenotypes. Cytometry A 2016; 91:115-125. [PMID: 27434125 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular phenotypes are observable characteristics of cells resulting from the interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic chemical or biochemical factors. Image-based phenotypic screens under large numbers of basal or perturbed conditions can be used to study the influences of these factors on cellular phenotypes. Hundreds to thousands of phenotypic descriptors can also be quantified from the images of cells under each of these experimental conditions. Therefore, huge amounts of data can be generated, and the analysis of these data has become a major bottleneck in large-scale phenotypic screens. Here, we review current experimental and computational methods for large-scale image-based phenotypic screens. Our focus is on phenotypic profiling, a computational procedure for constructing quantitative and compact representations of cellular phenotypes based on the images collected in these screens. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bougen-Zhukov
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Sheng Yang Loh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Hwee Kuan Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Lit-Hsin Loo
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138671, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
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Abstract
Image-based screening is used to measure a variety of phenotypes in cells and whole organisms. Combined with perturbations such as RNA interference, small molecules, and mutations, such screens are a powerful method for gaining systematic insights into biological processes. Screens have been applied to study diverse processes, such as protein-localization changes, cancer cell vulnerabilities, and complex organismal phenotypes. Recently, advances in imaging and image-analysis methodologies have accelerated large-scale perturbation screens. Here, we describe the state of the art for image-based screening experiments and delineate experimental approaches and image-analysis approaches as well as discussing challenges and future directions, including leveraging CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boutros
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Florian Heigwer
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Laufer
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Fraietta I, Gasparri F. The development of high-content screening (HCS) technology and its importance to drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:501-14. [PMID: 26971542 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1165203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-content screening (HCS) was introduced about twenty years ago as a promising analytical approach to facilitate some critical aspects of drug discovery. Its application has spread progressively within the pharmaceutical industry and academia to the point that it today represents a fundamental tool in supporting drug discovery and development. AREAS COVERED Here, the authors review some of significant progress in the HCS field in terms of biological models and assay readouts. They highlight the importance of high-content screening in drug discovery, as testified by its numerous applications in a variety of therapeutic areas: oncology, infective diseases, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. They also dissect the role of HCS technology in different phases of the drug discovery pipeline: target identification, primary compound screening, secondary assays, mechanism of action studies and in vitro toxicology. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in cellular assay technologies, such as the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) cultures, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genome editing technologies (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9), have tremendously expanded the potential of high-content assays to contribute to the drug discovery process. Increasingly predictive cellular models and readouts, together with the development of more sophisticated and affordable HCS readers, will further consolidate the role of HCS technology in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fraietta
- a Department of Biology , Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l ., Nerviano , Milano , Italy
| | - Fabio Gasparri
- a Department of Biology , Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l ., Nerviano , Milano , Italy
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32
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Inhibition of MEF2A prevents hyperglycemia-induced extracellular matrix accumulation by blocking Akt and TGF-β1/Smad activation in cardiac fibroblasts. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 69:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tarrado-Castellarnau M, Cortés R, Zanuy M, Tarragó-Celada J, Polat IH, Hill R, Fan TWM, Link W, Cascante M. Methylseleninic acid promotes antitumour effects via nuclear FOXO3a translocation through Akt inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:218-34. [PMID: 26375988 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Selenium supplement has been shown in clinical trials to reduce the risk of different cancers including lung carcinoma. Previous studies reported that the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of methylseleninic acid (MSA) in cancer cells could be mediated by inhibition of the PI3K pathway. A better understanding of the downstream cellular targets of MSA will provide information on its mechanism of action and will help to optimize its use in combination therapies with PI3K inhibitors. For this study, the effects of MSA on viability, cell cycle, metabolism, apoptosis, protein and mRNA expression, and reactive oxygen species production were analysed in A549 cells. FOXO3a subcellular localization was examined in A549 cells and in stably transfected human osteosarcoma U2foxRELOC cells. Our results demonstrate that MSA induces FOXO3a nuclear translocation in A549 cells and in U2OS cells that stably express GFP-FOXO3a. Interestingly, sodium selenite, another selenium compound, did not induce any significant effects on FOXO3a translocation despite inducing apoptosis. Single strand break of DNA, disruption of tumour cell metabolic adaptations, decrease in ROS production, and cell cycle arrest in G1 accompanied by induction of apoptosis are late events occurring after 24h of MSA treatment in A549 cells. Our findings suggest that FOXO3a is a relevant mediator of the antiproliferative effects of MSA. This new evidence on the mechanistic action of MSA can open new avenues in exploiting its antitumour properties and in the optimal design of novel combination therapies. We present MSA as a promising chemotherapeutic agent with synergistic antiproliferative effects with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Tarrado-Castellarnau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roldán Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Zanuy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Tarragó-Celada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ibrahim H Polat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Richard Hill
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, United Kingdom.
| | - Teresa W M Fan
- Department of Toxicology, Markey Cancer Center and Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
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Tang J, Zhu J, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Zhou X, Qiao C, Hou T, Mao X. A virtual screen identified C96 as a novel inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase that displays potent preclinical activity against multiple myeloma in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3836-48. [PMID: 25003534 PMCID: PMC4116524 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for multiple myeloma (MM). In the present study, we performed a virtual screen against 800,000 of small molecule compounds by targeting PI3Kγ. C96, one of such compounds, inhibited PI3K activated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), but did not suppress IGF-1R activation. The cell-free assay revealed that C96 preferred to inhibit PI3Kα and δ, but was not active against AKT1, 2, 3 or mTOR. C96 inhibited PI3K activation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Consistent with its inhibition on PI3K/AKT, C96 downregulated the activation of mTOR, p70S6K, 4E-BP1, but did not suppress other kinases such as ERK and c-Src. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by C96 led to MM cell apoptosis which was demonstrated by Annexin V staining and activation of the pro-apoptotic signals. Furthermore, C96 displayed potent anti-myeloma activity in a MM xenograft model in nude mice. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg bodyweight almost fully suppressed tumor growth within 16 days, but without gross toxicity. Importantly, AKT activation was suppressed in tumor tissues from C96-treated mice, which was consistent with delayed tumor growth. Thus, we identified a novel PI3K inhibitor with a great potential for MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China;Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinliang Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
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35
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Hill R, Kalathur RKR, Callejas S, Colaço L, Brandão R, Serelde B, Cebriá A, Blanco-Aparicio C, Pastor J, Futschik M, Dopazo A, Link W. A novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor directs a potent FOXO-dependent, p53-independent cell cycle arrest phenotype characterized by the differential induction of a subset of FOXO-regulated genes. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:482. [PMID: 25488803 PMCID: PMC4303209 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling pathway is one the most frequent genetic events in breast cancer, consequently the development of PI3K inhibitors has attracted much attention. Here we evaluate the effect of PI3K inhibition on global gene expression in breast cancer cells. Methods We used a range of methodologies that include in silico compound analysis, in vitro kinase assays, cell invasion assays, proliferation assays, genome-wide transcription studies (Agilent Technologies full genome arrays), gene set enrichment analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting in addition to chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results We defined the physico-chemical and the biological properties of ETP-45658, a novel potent PI3K inhibitor. We demonstrated that ETP-45658 potently inhibited cell proliferation within a broad range of human cancer cells, most potently suppressing the growth of breast cancer cells via inhibiting cell cycle. We show that this response is Forkhead box O (FOXO) protein dependent and p53 independent. Our genome-wide microarray analysis revealed that the cell cycle was the most affected biological process after exposure to ETP-45658 (or our control PI3K inhibitor PI-103), that despite the multiple transcription factors that are regulated by the PI3K/AKT signalling cascade, only the binding sites for FOXO transcription factors were significantly enriched and only a subset of all FOXO-dependent genes were induced. This disparity in gene transcription was not due to differential FOXO promoter recruitment. Conclusions The constitutive activation of PI3Ks and thus the exclusion of FOXO transcription factors from the nucleus is a key feature of breast cancer. Our results presented here highlight that PI3K inhibition activates specific FOXO-dependent genes that mediate cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0482-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hill
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. .,Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ravi Kiran Reddy Kalathur
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Sergio Callejas
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Colaço
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Brandão
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Beatriz Serelde
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cebriá
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Pastor
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Matthias Futschik
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Wolfgang Link
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. .,Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Abstract
The intracellular location and regulation of proteins within each cell is critically important and is typically deregulated in disease especially cancer. The clinical hypothesis for inhibiting the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport is based on the dependence of certain key proteins within malignant cells. This includes a host of well-characterized tumor suppressor and oncoproteins that require specific localization for their function. This aberrant localization of tumour suppressors and oncoproteins results in their their respective inactivation or over-activation. This incorrect localization occurs actively via the nuclear pore complex that spans the nuclear envelope and is mediated by transport receptors. Accordingly, given the significant need for novel, specific disease treatments, the nuclear envelope and the nuclear transport machinery have emerged as a rational therapeutic target in oncology to restore physiological nucleus/cytoplasmic homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that this approach might be of substantial therapeutic use. This review summarizes the mechanisms of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, its role in cancer biology and the therapeutic potential of targeting this critical cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hill
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Portugal
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37
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Hancox U, Cosulich S, Hanson L, Trigwell C, Lenaghan C, Ellston R, Dry H, Crafter C, Barlaam B, Fitzek M, Smith PD, Ogilvie D, D'Cruz C, Castriotta L, Wedge SR, Ward L, Powell S, Lawson M, Davies BR, Harrington EA, Foster E, Cumberbatch M, Green S, Barry ST. Inhibition of PI3Kβ signaling with AZD8186 inhibits growth of PTEN-deficient breast and prostate tumors alone and in combination with docetaxel. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:48-58. [PMID: 25398829 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of PTEN protein results in upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which appears dependent on the PI3Kβ isoform. Inhibitors of PI3Kβ have potential to reduce growth of tumors in which loss of PTEN drives tumor progression. We have developed a small-molecule inhibitor of PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ (AZD8186) and assessed its antitumor activity across a panel of cell lines. We have then explored the antitumor effects as single agent and in combination with docetaxel in triple-negative breast (TNBC) and prostate cancer models. In vitro, AZD8186 inhibited growth of a range of cell lines. Sensitivity was associated with inhibition of the AKT pathway. Cells sensitive to AZD8186 (GI50 < 1 μmol/L) are enriched for, but not exclusively associated with, PTEN deficiency. In vivo, AZD8186 inhibits PI3K pathway biomarkers in prostate and TNBC tumors. Scheduling treatment with AZD8186 shows antitumor activity required only intermittent exposure, and that increased tumor control is achieved when AZD8186 is used in combination with docetaxel. AZD8186 is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kβ with activity against PI3Kδ signaling, and has potential to reduce growth of tumors dependent on dysregulated PTEN for growth. Moreover, AZD8186 can be combined with docetaxel, a chemotherapy commonly used to treat advanced TBNC and prostate tumors. The ability to schedule AZD8186 and maintain efficacy offers opportunity to combine AZD8186 more effectively with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Hancox
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Cosulich
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lyndsey Hanson
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Cath Trigwell
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Lenaghan
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Ellston
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Dry
- Oncology iMED Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Claire Crafter
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Barlaam
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Fitzek
- Discovery Sciences AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Smith
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Ogilvie
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Celina D'Cruz
- Oncology iMED Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Stephen R Wedge
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lara Ward
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Powell
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mandy Lawson
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barry R Davies
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Harrington
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Foster
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Cumberbatch
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Green
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T Barry
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
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O'Reilly LP, Benson JA, Cummings EE, Perlmutter DH, Silverman GA, Pak SC. Worming our way to novel drug discovery with the Caenorhabditis elegans proteostasis network, stress response and insulin-signaling pathways. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:1021-32. [PMID: 24998976 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.930125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many human diseases result from a failure of a single protein to achieve the correct folding and tertiary conformation. These so-called 'conformational diseases' involve diverse proteins and distinctive cellular pathologies. They all engage the proteostasis network (PN), to varying degrees in an attempt to mange cellular stress and restore protein homeostasis. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway is a master regulator of cellular stress response, which is implicated in regulating components of the PN. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on novel approaches to target conformational diseases. The authors discuss the evidence supporting the involvement of the IIS pathway in modulating the PN and regulating proteostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, they review previous PN and IIS drug screens and explore the possibility of using C. elegans for whole organism-based drug discovery for modulators of IIS-proteostasis pathways. EXPERT OPINION An alternative approach to develop individualized therapy for each conformational disease is to modulate the global PN. The involvement of the IIS pathway in regulating longevity and response to a variety of stresses is well documented. Increasing data now provide evidence for the close association between the IIS and the PN pathways. The authors believe that high-throughput screening campaigns, which target the C. elegans IIS pathway, may identify drugs that are efficacious in treating numerous conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda P O'Reilly
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and Magee-Womens Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics , 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Room 7131, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 , USA +1 412 692 9457 ; +1 412 641 1844 ;
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Kahn AJ. FOXO3 and related transcription factors in development, aging, and exceptional longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:421-5. [PMID: 24747665 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In June 2013, a workshop was convened in San Francisco to explore, in depth, the role of the Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3 (and related FOXOs) in development, aging, and, in particular, exceptional longevity. The presentations covered results derived from model systems, computational analysis and bioinformatics, and genomics and genome-wide association studies of a number of cohorts. Although the data collectively strongly reinforce FOXO3 and the FOXO/FOXO3 pathway as very important determinants in aging and life span, much of the detail of how the latter is achieved still remains unknown, in part, because of the very large number of genes (~2,200 in Caenorhabditis elegans) the transcription factor is involved in helping regulate. Particularly challenging at the present time is understanding the association of apparently nonfunctional specific variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of FOXO3 and exceptional longevity in humans, a finding replicated in a number of studies. Nonetheless, as summarized in this report, valuable information and insights were presented at the workshop on the transcription factor including but not limited to its role in determining longevity in C elegans and Drosophila (in flies, eg, an important interaction in aging occurs between dFOXO and the transforming growth factor-β/activin pathway), stem cell function and aging (notably in hematopoiesis), downstream regulatory activity (eg, by binding near sites of RNAse occupancy and altering chromatin structure), and as a potential target for the development a healthy aging drug (in this example, using compounds developed and screened to effect FOXO function in cancer cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold J Kahn
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center. Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California.
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Mori M, Vignaroli G, Cau Y, Dinić J, Hill R, Rossi M, Colecchia D, Pešić M, Link W, Chiariello M, Ottmann C, Botta M. Discovery of 14-3-3 Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors that Sensitize Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin and the Akt Inhibitor GSK690693. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:973-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kim J, Ishihara N, Lee TR. A DAF-16/FoxO3a-dependent longevity signal is initiated by antioxidants. Biofactors 2014; 40:247-57. [PMID: 24123695 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms of antioxidant-mediated longevity are poorly understood. We show that an antioxidant treatment can extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) through the nuclear translocation of the forkhead box O transcription factor (FoxO) homolog DAF-16. This pathway was found to involve 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1) and serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1), distinct from the known oxidative stress-mediated mechanism in which FoxO3a translocation is regulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and mammalian sterile 20-like kinase-1 (MST-1). The differences in the mechanisms of FoxO activation by antioxidants and oxidants result in differences in FoxO phosphorylation and target gene expression. Based on these results, we found that a combination of early antioxidant treatment and late oxidant treatment is most effective for lifespan extension in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juewon Kim
- Bioscience Research Institute, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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Cortés R, Tarrado-Castellarnau M, Talancón D, López C, Link W, Ruiz D, Centelles JJ, Quirante J, Cascante M. A novel cyclometallated Pt(ii)–ferrocene complex induces nuclear FOXO3a localization and apoptosis and synergizes with cisplatin to inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation. Metallomics 2014; 6:622-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00194f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Cautain B, de Pedro N, Murillo Garzón V, Muñoz de Escalona M, González Menéndez V, Tormo JR, Martin J, El Aouad N, Reyes F, Asensio F, Genilloud O, Vicente F, Link W. High-Content Screening of Natural Products Reveals Novel Nuclear Export Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:57-65. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057113501389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are considered an extremely valuable source for the discovery of new drugs against diverse pathologies. As yet, we have only explored a fraction of the diversity of bioactive compounds, and opportunities for discovering new natural products leading to new drugs are huge. In the present study, U2nesRELOC, a previously established cell-based imaging assay, was employed to screen a collection of extracts of microbial origin for nuclear export inhibition activity. The fluorescent signal of untreated U2nesRELOC cells localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm. Upon treatment with the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B, the fluorescent-tagged reporter proteins appear as speckles in the nucleus. A proprietary collection of extracts from fungi, actinomycetes, and unicellular bacteria that covers an uncommonly broad chemical space was used to interrogate this nuclear export assay system. A two-step image-based analysis allowed us to identify 12 extracts with biological activities that are not associated with previously known active metabolites. The fractionation and structural elucidation of active compounds revealed several chemical structures with nuclear export inhibition activity. Here we show that substrates of the nuclear export receptor CRM1, such as Rev, FOXO3a and NF-κB, accumulate in the nucleus in the presence of the fungal metabolite MDN-0105 with an IC50 value of 3.4 µM. Many important processes in tumor formation and progression, as well as in many viral infections, critically depend on the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of proteins and RNA molecules. Therefore, the disruption of nuclear export is emerging as a novel therapeutic approach with enormous clinical potential. Our work highlights the potential of applying high-throughput phenotypic imaging on natural product extracts to identify novel nuclear export inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Cautain
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, España
| | - Nuria de Pedro
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, España
| | | | | | | | - José R. Tormo
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, España
| | - Jesús Martin
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, España
| | | | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, España
| | - Francisco Asensio
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, España
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, España
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, España
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Portugal
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Biomedicina Molecular e Estrutural, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Therapeutic opportunities for manipulating T(Reg) cells in autoimmunity and cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013; 12:51-63. [PMID: 23274471 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)-expressing regulatory T (T(Reg)) cells have a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses and in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance. These cells have emerged as attractive targets for strategies that allow the steering of immune responses in desired directions - arming the immune system to destroy infected cells and cancer cells or downregulating it to limit tissue destruction in autoimmunity. Efforts to understand the generation, activation and function of T(Reg) cells should permit the development of therapeutics for reprogramming the immune system. In this Review, we discuss insights into the generation of T(Reg) cells, their involvement in disease and the molecular basis of the dominant tolerance exerted by FOXP3(+) T(Reg) cells that could permit their safe and specific manipulation in humans.
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Yung MMH, Chan DW, Liu VWS, Yao KM, Ngan HYS. Activation of AMPK inhibits cervical cancer cell growth through AKT/FOXO3a/FOXM1 signaling cascade. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:327. [PMID: 23819460 PMCID: PMC3702529 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although advanced-stage cervical cancer can benefit from current treatments, approximately 30% patients may fail after definitive treatment eventually. Therefore, exploring alternative molecular therapeutic approaches is imperatively needed for this disease. We have recently shown that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic sensor, hampers cervical cancer cell growth through blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. Here, we report that activated AMPK (p-AMPK) also inhibits cervical cancer cell growth by counteracting FOXM1 function. METHODS Effect of the activation of AMPK on FOXM1 expression was examined by hypoxia and glucose deprivation, as well as pharmacological AMPK activators such as A23187, AICAR and metformin. RT Q-PCR and Western blot analysis were employed to investigate the activities of AMPK, FOXM1 and AKT/FOXO3a signaling. RESULTS Consistent with our previous findings, the activation of AMPK by either AMPK activators such as AICAR, A23187, metformin, glucose deprivation or hypoxia significantly inhibited the cervical cancer cell growth. Importantly, we found that activated AMPK activity was concomitantly associated with the reduction of both the mRNA and protein levels of FOXM1. Mechanistically, we showed that activated AMPK was able to reduce AKT mediated phosphorylation of p-FOXO3a (Ser253). Interestingly, activated AMPK could not cause any significant changes in FOXM1 in cervical cancer cells in which endogenous FOXO3a levels were knocked down using siRNAs, suggesting that FOXO3a is involved in the suppression of FOXM1. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest the activated AMPK impedes cervical cancer cell growth through reducing the expression of FOXM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingo Ming Ho Yung
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Babu S, Morrill C, Almstead NG, Moon YC. Selective Synthesis of 1-Substituted 4-Chloropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. Org Lett 2013; 15:1882-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4005382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Babu
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, United States
| | - Christie Morrill
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, United States
| | - Neil G. Almstead
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, United States
| | - Young-Choon Moon
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, United States
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MAP17 and SGLT1 protein expression levels as prognostic markers for cervical tumor patient survival. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56169. [PMID: 23418532 PMCID: PMC3572015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MAP17 is a membrane-associated protein that is overexpressed in human tumors. Because the expression of MAP17 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through SGLT1 in cancer cells, in the present work, we investigated whether MAP17 and/or SGLT1 might be markers for the activity of treatments involving oxidative stress, such as cisplatin or radiotherapy. First, we confirmed transcriptional alterations in genes involved in the oxidative stress induced by MAP17 expression in HeLa cervical tumor cells and found that Hela cells expressing MAP17 were more sensitive to therapies that induce ROS than were parental cells. Furthermore, MAP17 increased glucose uptake through SGLT receptors. We then analyzed MAP17 and SGLT1 expression levels in cervical tumors treated with cisplatin plus radiotherapy and correlated the expression levels with patient survival. MAP17 and SGLT1 were expressed in approximately 70% and 50% of cervical tumors of different types, respectively, but they were not expressed in adenoma tumors. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between MAP17 and SGLT1 expression levels. High levels of either MAP17 or SGLT1 correlated with improved patient survival after treatment. However, the patients with high levels of both MAP17 and SGLT1 survived through the end of this study. Therefore, the combination of high MAP17 and SGLT1 levels is a marker for good prognosis in patients with cervical tumors after cisplatin plus radiotherapy treatment. These results also suggest that the use of MAP17 and SGLT1 markers may identify patients who are likely to exhibit a better response to treatments that boost oxidative stress in other cancer types.
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Dandia A, Jain AK. Ionic Liquid-Mediated Facile Synthesis of Novel Spiroheterobicyclic Rings as Potential Antifungal and Antibacterial Drugs. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Dandia
- Center for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry; University of Rajasthan; Jaipur; 302004; India
| | - Anuj K. Jain
- Center for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry; University of Rajasthan; Jaipur; 302004; India
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Zanella F, Dos Santos NR, Link W. Moving to the core: spatiotemporal analysis of Forkhead box O (FOXO) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. Traffic 2013; 14:247-58. [PMID: 23231504 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear translocation of proteins is an essential aspect of normal cell function, and defects in this process have been detected in many disease-associated conditions. The detection and quantification of nuclear translocation was significantly boosted by the association of robotized microscopy with automated image analysis, a technology designated as high-content screening. Image-based high-content screening and analysis provides the means to systematically observe cellular translocation events in time and space in response to chemical or genetic perturbation at large scale. This approach yields powerful insights into the regulation of complex signaling networks independently of preconceived notions of mechanistic relationships. In this review, we briefly overview the different mechanisms involved in nucleocytoplasmic protein trafficking. In addition, we discuss high-content approaches used to interrogate the mechanistic and spatiotemporal dynamics of cellular signaling events using Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as important and clinically relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Zanella
- School of Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA
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Liu H, Zhou BH, Qiu X, Wang HS, Zhang F, Fang R, Wang XF, Cai SH, Du J, Bu XZ. T63, a new 4-arylidene curcumin analogue, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through activation of the reactive oxygen species-FOXO3a pathway in lung cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2204-17. [PMID: 23085518 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a natural polyphenol product of the plant Curcuma longa and has a diversity of antitumor activities. T63, a new 4-arylidene curcumin analogue, was reported to inhibit proliferation of lung cancer cells. However, its precise molecular antitumor mechanisms have not been well elucidated. Here, we showed that T63 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 and H460 human lung cell lines via induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We found that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated FOXO3a cascade plays a central role in T63-induced cell proliferation inhibition. Mechanistically, enhancement of ROS production by T63 induced FOXO3a expression and nuclear translocation through activation of p38MAPK and inhibition of AKT, subsequently elevating the expression of FOXO3a target genes, including p21, p27, and Bim, and then increased the levels of activated caspase-3 and decreased the levels of cyclin D1. Moreover, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine markedly blocked the above effects, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of FOXO3a also significantly decreased T63-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In vivo experiments showed that T63 significantly suppressed the growth of A549 lung cancer xenograft tumors, associated with proliferation suppression and apoptosis induction in tumor tissues, without inducing any notable major organ-related toxicity. These data indicated that the novel curcumin analogue T63 is a potent antitumor agent that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and has significant therapeutic potential for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Hua Zhou
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Qiu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Feng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xian-Zhang Bu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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