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Wu Z, Zhang Z, Zhou S, Xie M, Liu L, Luo C, Zheng F, Qiu W, Wang Y, Zhang J. ERK1/2-dependent activity of SOX9 is required for sublytic C5b-9-induced expression of FGF1, PDGFα, and TGF-β1 in rat Thy-1 nephritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111372. [PMID: 38118314 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) and its related rat model Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N) are associated with C5b-9 deposition and are characterized by proliferation of glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) and expansion of extracellular matrix (ECM) expansion, alongside overexpression of multiple growth factors. Although fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGFα), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) are well known for their proproliferative and profibrotic roles, the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating the expression of these growth factors have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we found that sublytic C5b-9 induction of sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) transactivated FGF1, PDGFα, and TGF-β1 genes in GMCs, resulting in a significant increase in their mRNA and protein levels. Besides, sublytic C5b-9 induction of activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylated SOX9 at serine 181 and serine 64, which enhanced SOX9's ability to transactivate FGF1, PDGFα, and TGF-β1 genes in GMCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibiting ERK1/2 activation or silencing either ERK1/2 or SOX9 gene led to reduced SOX9 phosphorylation, decreased generation of FGF1, PDGFα, and TGF-β1, and ameliorated glomerular injury in rat Thy-1N. Overall, these findings suggest that expression of FGF1, PDGFα, and TGF-β1 is promoted by ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of SOX9, which may provide a valuable insight into the pathogenesis of MsPGN and offer a potential target for the development of novel treatment strategies for MsPGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiao Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sicheng Zhou
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feixiang Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Issac J, Raveendran PS, Kunnummal M, Angelin M, Ravindran S, Basu B, Das AV. RXR agonist, Bexarotene, effectively reduces drug resistance via regulation of RFX1 in embryonic carcinoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119510. [PMID: 37301270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins is one of the features of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that make them escape chemotherapy. A well-orchestrated regulation of multiple MDRs by different transcription factors in cancer cells confers this drug resistance. An in silico analysis of the major MDR genes revealed a possible regulation by RFX1 and Nrf2. Previous reports also noted that Nrf2 is a positive regulator of MDR genes in NT2 cells. But we, for the first time, report that Regulatory factor X1 (RFX1), a pleiotropic transcription factor, negatively regulates the major MDR genes, Abcg2, Abcb1, Abcc1, and Abcc2, in NT2 cells. The levels of RFX1 in undifferentiated NT2 cells were found to be very low, which significantly increased upon RA-induced differentiation. Ectopic expression of RFX1 reduced the levels of transcripts corresponding to MDRs and stemness-associated genes. Interestingly, Bexarotene, an RXR agonist that acts as an inhibitor of Nrf2-ARE signaling, could increase the transcription of RFX1. Further analysis revealed that the RFX1 promoter has binding sites for RXRα, and upon Bexarotene exposure RXRα could bind and activate the RFX1 promoter. Bexarotene, alone or in combination with Cisplatin, could inhibit many cancer/CSC-associated properties in NT2 cells. Also, it significantly reduced the expression of drug resistance proteins and made the cells sensitive towards Cisplatin. Our study proves that RFX1 could be a potent molecule to target MDRs, and Bexarotene can induce RXRα-mediated RFX1 expression, therefore, would be a better chemo-assisting drug during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joby Issac
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O. Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
| | - Pooja S Raveendran
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O. Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Midhunaraj Kunnummal
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O. Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Mary Angelin
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O. Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
| | - Swathy Ravindran
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O. Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
| | - Budhaditya Basu
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RCB), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Ani V Das
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O. Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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3
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Jia W, Liang S, Lin W, Li S, Yuan J, Jin M, Nie S, Zhang Y, Zhai X, Zhou L, Ling C, Cheng B, Ling C. Hypoxia-induced exosomes facilitate lung pre-metastatic niche formation in hepatocellular carcinoma through the miR-4508-RFX1-IL17A-p38 MAPK-NF-κB pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4744-4762. [PMID: 37781522 PMCID: PMC10539707 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia plays an important role in the lung metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the process by which hypoxia promotes the formation of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN) and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Methods: Exosomes derived from normoxic and hypoxic HCC cells were collected to induce fibroblast activation in vitro and PMN formation in vivo. The micro RNA (miR) profiles of the exosomes were sequenced to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses were performed to investigate miR-4508 function. Dual-luciferase, western blotting, and real-time reverse transcription-PCR analyses were used to identify the direct targets of miR-4508 and its downstream signaling pathways. To demonstrate the roles of hypoxic tumor-derived exosomes (H-TDEs) and miR-4508 in the lung metastasis of liver cancer, H22 tumor cells were injected through the tail vein of mice. Blood plasma-derived exosomes from patients with HCC who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) were applied to determine clinical correlations. Results: We demonstrated that H-TDEs activated lung fibroblasts and facilitated PMN formation, thereby promoting lung metastasis in mice. Screening for upregulated exosomal miRNAs revealed that miR-4508 and its target, regulatory factor X1 (RFX1), were involved in H-TDE-induced lung PMN formation. Moreover, miR-4508 was significantly upregulated in plasma exosomes derived from patients with HCC after TACE. We confirmed that the p38 MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in RFX1 knockdown-induced fibroblast activation and PMN formation. In addition, IL17A, a downstream target of RFX1, was identified as a link between RFX1 knockdown and p38 MAPK activation in fibroblasts. Conclusion: Hypoxia enhances the release of TDEs enriched with miR-4508, thereby promoting lung PMN formation by targeting the RFX1-IL17A-p38 MAPK-NF-κB pathway. These findings highlight a novel mechanism underlying hypoxia-induced pulmonary metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Jia
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Shufang Liang
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wanfu Lin
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Jiaying Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Shuchang Nie
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Ya'ni Zhang
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhai
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Changquan Ling
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Binbin Cheng
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China
| | - Chen Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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4
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Zhang Q, Chen Z, Zhang K, Zhu J, Jin T. FGF/FGFR system in the central nervous system demyelinating disease: Recent progress and implications for multiple sclerosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1497-1511. [PMID: 36924298 PMCID: PMC10173727 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With millions of victims worldwide, multiple sclerosis is the second most common cause of disability among young adults. Although formidable advancements have been made in understanding the disease, the neurodegeneration associated with multiple sclerosis is only partially counteracted by current treatments, and effective therapy for progressive multiple sclerosis remains an unmet need. Therefore, new approaches are required to delay demyelination and the resulting disability and to restore neural function by promoting remyelination and neuronal repair. AIMS The article reviews the latest literature in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway is a promising target in progressive multiple sclerosis. DISCUSSION FGF signal transduction contributes to establishing the oligodendrocyte lineage, neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and myelination of the central nervous system. Furthermore, FGF signaling is implicated in the control of neuroinflammation. In recent years, interventions targeting FGF, and its receptor (FGFR) have been shown to ameliorate autoimmune encephalomyelitis symptoms in multiple sclerosis animal models moderately. CONCLUSION Here, we summarize the recent findings and investigate the role of FGF/FGFR signaling in the onset and progression, discuss the potential therapeutic advances, and offer fresh insights into managing multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Zhang
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Stomatology College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Lu L, Li X, Zhong Z, Zhou W, Zhou D, Zhu M, Miao C. KMT5A downregulation participated in High Glucose-mediated EndMT via Upregulation of ENO1 Expression in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4093-4107. [PMID: 34803485 PMCID: PMC8579450 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the common and principal microvascular complication of diabetes that could lead to end-stage renal disease. It was reported endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in glomeruli plays an important role in DN. Enolase1 (ENO1) and Lysine Methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) were found to modulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in some situations. In the present study, we speculated KMT5A regulates ENO1 transcript, thus participating in hyperglycemia-induced EndMT in glomeruli of DN. Our study represented vimentin, αSMA and ENO1 expression elevated, and CD31 expression decreased in glomeruli of DN participants and rats. In vitro, high glucose induced EndMT by increase of ENO1 levels. Moreover, high glucose downregulated KMT5A levels and increased regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) levels. KMT5A upregulation or si-RFX1 decreased high glucose-induced ENO1 expression and EndMT. RFX1 overexpression- or sh-KMT5A-induced EndMT was attenuated by si-ENO1. Further, the association between KMT5A and RFX1 was verified. Furthermore, histone H4 lysine20 methylation (the direct target of KMT5A) and RFX1 positioned on ENO1 promoter region. sh-KMT5A enhanced positive action of RFX1 on ENO1 promoter activity. KMT5A reduction and RFX1 upregulation were verified in glomeruli of DN patients and rats. KMT5A associated with RFX1 to modulate ENO1, thus involved in hyperglycemia-mediated EndMT in glomeruli of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziwen Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenchang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Issac J, Raveendran PS, Das AV. RFX1: a promising therapeutic arsenal against cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:253. [PMID: 33964962 PMCID: PMC8106159 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) is an evolutionary conserved transcriptional factor that influences a wide range of cellular processes such as cell cycle, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, by regulating a number of target genes that are involved in such processes. On a closer look, these target genes also play a key role in tumorigenesis and associated events. Such observations paved the way for further studies evaluating the role of RFX1 in cancer. These studies were indispensable due to the failure of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs to target key cellular hallmarks such as cancer stemness, cellular plasticity, enhanced drug efflux, de-regulated DNA repair machinery, and altered pathways evading apoptosis. In this review, we compile significant evidence for the tumor-suppressive activities of RFX1 while also analyzing its oncogenic potential in some cancers. RFX1 induction decreased cellular proliferation, modulated the immune system, induced apoptosis, reduced chemoresistance, and sensitized cancer stem cells for chemotherapy. Thus, our review discusses the pleiotropic function of RFX1 in multitudinous gene regulations, decisive protein–protein interactions, and also its role in regulating key cell signaling events in cancer. Elucidation of these regulatory mechanisms can be further utilized for RFX1 targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joby Issac
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud.P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Pooja S Raveendran
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud.P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Ani V Das
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud.P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India.
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7
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Jia S, Yang S, Du P, Gao K, Cao Y, Yao B, Guo R, Zhao M. Regulatory Factor X1 Downregulation Contributes to Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Overexpression in CD14+ Monocytes via Epigenetic Mechanisms in Coronary Heart Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:1098. [PMID: 31737059 PMCID: PMC6838212 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) affects the chemotaxis of monocytes and is a key chemokine closely related to the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Compared with healthy controls, coronary heart disease (CAD) patients show significantly upregulated plasma concentrations and mRNA expression of MCP1 in CD14+ monocytes. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of MCP1 overexpression in AS is still unclear. Our previous research indicated that there was no significant difference in the H3K4 and H3K27 tri-methylation of the MCP1 promoter in CD14+ monocytes from CAD versus non-CAD patients, but the H3 and H4 acetylation of the MCP1 promoter was increased in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients. We further found that the H3K9 tri-methylation of the MCP1 promoter in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients was decreased, but the DNA methylation levels did not differ markedly from those in non-CAD patients. Our previous work showed that the level of regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) was markedly reduced in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients and played an important role in the progression of AS by regulating epigenetic modification. In this study, we investigated whether RFX1 and epigenetic modifications mediated by RFX1 contribute to the overexpression of MCP1 in activated monocytes in CAD patients. We found that the enrichment of RFX1, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and suppressor of variegation 3–9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) in the MCP1 gene promoter region were decreased in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients and in healthy CD14+ monocytes treated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays identified MCP1 as a target gene of RFX1. Overexpression of RFX1 increased the recruitments of HDAC1 and SUV39H1 and inhibited the expression of MCP1 in CD14+ monocytes. In contrast, knockdown of RFX1 in CD14+ monocytes reduced the recruitments of HDAC1 and SUV39H1 in the MCP1 promoter region, thereby facilitating H3 and H4 acetylation and H3K9 tri-methylation in this region. In conclusion, our results indicated that RFX1 expression deficiency in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients contributed to MCP1 overexpression via a deficiency of recruitments of HDAC1 and SUV39H1 in the MCP1 promoter, which highlighted the vital role of RFX1 in the pathogenesis of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keqin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Dapartment of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baige Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ren Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Dapartment of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Du P, Gao K, Cao Y, Yang S, Wang Y, Guo R, Zhao M, Jia S. RFX1 downregulation contributes to TLR4 overexpression in CD14 + monocytes via epigenetic mechanisms in coronary artery disease. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:44. [PMID: 30857550 PMCID: PMC6413463 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression is increased in activated monocytes, which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the mechanism remains unclear. Regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) is a critical transcription factor regulating epigenetic modifications. In this study, we investigated whether RFX1 and epigenetic modifications mediated by RFX1 contributed to the overexpression of TLR4 in activated monocytes. Results Compared with those of the controls, the mRNA and protein expression of RFX1 were downregulated and the mRNA expression of TLR4 was upregulated in CD14+ monocytes obtained from CAD patients and CD14+ monocytes obtained from healthy controls treated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The mRNA expression of RFX1 was negatively correlated with the mRNA expression of TLR4 in CD14+ monocytes. RFX1 knockdown led to the overexpression of TLR4 and the activation of CD14+ monocytes. In contrast, the overexpression of RFX1 inhibited TLR4 expression and the activation of CD14+ monocytes stimulated with LDL. Moreover, TLR4 was identified as a target gene of RFX1. The results indicated that RFX1 downregulation contributed to the decreased DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation and the increased H3 and H4 acetylation in the TLR4 promoter via the lack of recruitments of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUV39H1 (SUV39H1), which were observed in CD14+ monocytes of CAD patients. Conclusions Our results show that RFX1 expression deficiency leads to the overexpression of TLR4 and the activation of CD14+ monocytes in CAD patients by regulating DNA methylation and histone modifications, which highlights the vital role of RFX1 in the pathogenesis of CAD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0646-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keqin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ren Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China.
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Álvarez-Satta M, Matheu A. Primary cilium and glioblastoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918801169. [PMID: 30302130 PMCID: PMC6170955 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918801169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common, malignant and lethal primary brain tumour in adults. The primary cilium is a highly conserved and dynamic organelle that protrudes from the apical surface of virtually every type of mammalian cell. There is increasing evidence that abnormal cilia are involved in cancer progression, since primary cilia regulate cell cycle and signalling transduction. In this review, we summarize the role of primary cilium specifically with regard to GBM, where there is evidence postulating it as a critical mediator of GBM tumorigenesis and progression. This opens the way to the application of cilia-targeted therapies (‘ciliotherapy’) as a new approach in the fight against this devastating tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Satta
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain s/n, CP 20014 San Sebastian, Spain CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
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10
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Chen Y, Gao J, Xie J, Liang J, Zheng G, Xie L, Zhang R. Transcriptional regulation of the matrix protein Shematrin-2 during shell formation in pearl oyster. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17803-17816. [PMID: 30282805 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The molluscan shell is a fascinating biomineral consisting of a highly organized calcium carbonate composite. Biomineralization is elaborately controlled and involves several macromolecules, especially matrix proteins, but little is known about the regulatory mechanisms. The matrix protein Shematrin-2, expression of which peaks in the mantle tissues and in the shell components of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, has been suggested to be a key participant in biomineralization. Here, we expressed and purified Shematrin-2 from P. fucata and explored its function and transcriptional regulation. An in vitro functional assay revealed that Shematrin-2 binds the calcite, aragonite, and chitin components of the shell, decreases the rate of calcium carbonate deposition, and changes the morphology of the deposited crystal in the calcite crystallization system. Furthermore, we cloned the Shematrin-2 gene promoter, and analysis of its sequence revealed putative binding sites for the transcription factors CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins (Pf-C/EBPs) and nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y). Using transient co-transfection and reporter gene assays, we found that cloned and recombinantly expressed Pf-C/EBP-A and Pf-C/EBP-B greatly and dose-dependently up-regulate the promoter activity of the Shematrin-2 gene. Importantly, Pf-C/EBP-A and Pf-C/EBP-B knockdowns decreased Shematrin-2 gene expression and induced changes in the inner-surface structures in prismatic layers that were similar to those of antibody-based Shematrin-2 inhibition. Altogether, our data reveal that the transcription factors Pf-C/EBP-A and Pf-C/EBP-B up-regulate the expression of the matrix protein Shematrin-2 during shell formation in P. fucata, improving our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of molluscan shell development at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- From the Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Jing Gao
- From the Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Jun Xie
- From the Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Jian Liang
- From the Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Guilan Zheng
- From the Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Liping Xie
- From the Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- From the Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, Zhejiang Province, China.
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11
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Chen YC, Tsai CL, Wei YH, Wu YT, Hsu WT, Lin HC, Hsu YC. ATOH1/RFX1/RFX3 transcription factors facilitate the differentiation and characterisation of inner ear hair cell-like cells from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells harbouring A8344G mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:437. [PMID: 29740017 PMCID: PMC5941227 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration or loss of inner ear hair cells (HCs) is irreversible and results in sensorineural hearing loss (SHL). Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been employed in disease modelling and cell therapy. Here, we propose a transcription factor (TF)-driven approach using ATOH1 and regulatory factor of x-box (RFX) genes to generate HC-like cells from hiPSCs. Our results suggest that ATOH1/RFX1/RFX3 could significantly increase the differentiation capacity of iPSCs into MYO7AmCherry-positive cells, upregulate the mRNA expression levels of HC-related genes and promote the differentiation of HCs with more mature stereociliary bundles. To model the molecular and stereociliary structural changes involved in HC dysfunction in SHL, we further used ATOH1/RFX1/RFX3 to differentiate HC-like cells from the iPSCs from patients with myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibres (MERRF) syndrome, which is caused by A8344G mutation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and characterised by myoclonus epilepsy, ataxia and SHL. Compared with isogenic iPSCs, MERRF-iPSCs possessed ~42–44% mtDNA with A8344G mutation and exhibited significantly elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and CAT gene expression. Furthermore, MERRF-iPSC-differentiated HC-like cells exhibited significantly elevated ROS levels and MnSOD and CAT gene expression. These MERRF-HCs that had more single cilia with a shorter length could be observed only by using a non-TF method, but those with fewer stereociliary bundle-like protrusions than isogenic iPSCs-differentiated-HC-like cells could be further observed using ATOH1/RFX1/RFX3 TFs. We further analysed and compared the whole transcriptome of M1ctrl-HCs and M1-HCs after treatment with ATOH1 or ATOH1/RFX1/RFX3. We revealed that the HC-related gene transcripts in M1ctrl-iPSCs had a significantly higher tendency to be activated by ATOH1/RFX1/RFX3 than M1-iPSCs. The ATOH1/RFX1/RFX3 TF-driven approach for the differentiation of HC-like cells from iPSCs is an efficient and promising strategy for the disease modelling of SHL and can be employed in future therapeutic strategies to treat SHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ching Lin
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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12
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Identifying survival-associated modules from the dysregulated triplet network in glioblastoma multiforme. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:661-671. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Hsu YC, Kao CY, Chung YF, Lee DC, Liu JW, Chiu IM. Activation of Aurora A kinase through the FGF1/FGFR signaling axis sustains the stem cell characteristics of glioblastoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 344:153-66. [PMID: 27138904 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) binds and activates FGF receptors, thereby regulating cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Human FGF1 gene 1B promoter (-540 to +31)-driven SV40 T antigen has been shown to result in tumorigenesis in the brains of transgenic mice. FGF1B promoter (-540 to +31)-driven green fluorescent protein (F1BGFP) has also been used in isolating neural stem cells (NSCs) with self-renewal and multipotency from developing and adult mouse brains. In this study, we provide six lines of evidence to demonstrate that FGF1/FGFR signaling is implicated in the expression of Aurora A (AurA) and the activation of its kinase domain (Thr288 phosphorylation) in the maintenance of glioblastoma (GBM) cells and NSCs. First, treatment of FGF1 increases AurA expression in human GBM cell lines. Second, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we observed that F1BGFP reporter facilitates the isolation of F1BGFP(+) GBM cells with higher expression levels of FGFR and AurA. Third, both FGFR inhibitor (SU5402) and AurA inhibitor (VX680) could down-regulate F1BGFP-dependent AurA activity. Fourth, inhibition of AurA activity by two different AurA inhibitors (VX680 and valproic acid) not only reduced neurosphere formation but also induced neuronal differentiation of F1BGFP(+) GBM cells. Fifth, flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that F1BGFP(+) GBM cells possessed different NSC cell surface markers. Finally, inhibition of AurA by VX680 reduced the neurosphere formation of different types of NSCs. Our results show that activation of AurA kinase through FGF1/FGFR signaling axis sustains the stem cell characteristics of GBM cells. IMPLICATIONS This study identified a novel mechanism for the malignancy of GBM, which could be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hsu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Kao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Chung
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Don-Ching Lee
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Liu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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14
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Gao J, Chen Y, Yang Y, Liang J, Xie J, Liu J, Li S, Zheng G, Xie L, Zhang R. The transcription factor Pf-POU3F4 regulates expression of the matrix protein genes Aspein and Prismalin-14 in pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata). FEBS J 2016; 283:1962-78. [PMID: 26996995 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Matrix proteins play key roles in shell formation in the pearl oyster, but little is known about how these proteins are regulated. Here, two POU domain family members, Pf-POU2F1 and Pf-POU3F4, were cloned and characterized. Functional domain analysis revealed that both them have conserved POUS and POUH domains; these domains are important for transcription factor function. The tissue distributions of Pf-POU2F1 and Pf-POU3F4 mRNAs in pearl oyster revealed different expression patterns, and the expression of Pf-POU3F4 mRNA was relatively high in the mantle. The promoters of the matrix protein genes Aspein and Prismalin-14 were cloned using genome-walking PCR. Relatively high transcriptional activities of these promoters were detected in HEK-293T cells. In transient co-transfection assays, Pf-POU3F4 greatly up-regulated the promoter activities of the Aspein and Prismalin-14 genes in a dose-dependent manner. Structural integrity of Pf-POU3F4 was essential for its activation function. One region of the Aspein gene promoter, -181 to -77 bp, and two binding sites in the Prismalin-14 gene promoter, -359 to -337 bp and -100 to -73 bp, were required for activation of Pf-POU3F4. An electrophoresis mobility shift assay demonstrated that Pf-POU3F4 directly bound these sites. Pf-POU3F4 knockdown led to a decrease in Aspein and Prismalin-14 gene expression. Furthermore, expression levels for the Pf-POU3F4 gene were similar to those of the Aspein and Prismalin-14 genes during five development stages. Taken together, these results suggest that the transcription factor Pf-POU3F4 regulates expression of the matrix protein genes Aspein and Prismalin-14 in pearl oyster. DATABASE The nucleotide sequence data of Pf-POU2F1 is available in the GenBank databases under the accession number KM588196. The nucleotide sequence data of Pf-POU3F4 is available in the GenBank databases under the accession number KM519606. The nucleotide sequence data of Aspein gene promoter is available in the GenBank databases under the accession number KM519607. The nucleotide sequence data of Prismalin-14 gene promoter is available in the GenBank databases under the accession number KM519601.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiguo Li
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guilang Zheng
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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15
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Walentek P. Ciliary transcription factors in cancer--how understanding ciliogenesis can promote the detection and prognosis of cancer types. J Pathol 2016; 239:6-9. [PMID: 26880325 DOI: 10.1002/path.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cilia play a plethora of roles in normal development and homeostasis as well as in disease. Their involvement in cell signalling processes and ability to inhibit cell cycle progression make them especially interesting subjects of investigation in the context of tumour formation and malignancy. Several key transcription factors regulate the transcriptional programme in cilia formation and some of these, eg RFX factors and FOXJ1, are implicated in cancer formation. Furthermore, RFX factors and FOXJ1 are increasingly being explored for their potential as markers to diagnose, classify and predict the outcome of cancers in patients, including recent work published in this journal on aggressive ependymoma and choroid plexus tumours. Here, some of the key findings and concepts on the roles of ciliary transcription factors in tumourigenesis are highlighted, and a brief perspective is given on how the investigation of ciliogenesis could contribute valuable tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Walentek
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Genetics Genomics and Development Division and Developmental and Regenerative Biology Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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16
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Chen JH, Lee DC, Chen MS, Ko YC, Chiu IM. Inhibition of Neurosphere Formation in Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells by Acrylamide. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:779-96. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x676925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that transplantation of cultured neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) could improve functional recovery for various neurological diseases. This study aims to develop a stem cell-based model for predictive toxicology of development in the neurological system after acrylamide exposure. Treatment of mouse (KT98/F1B-GFP) and human (U-1240 MG/F1B-GFP) NSPCs with 0.5 mM acrylamide resulted in the inhibition of neurosphere formation (definition of self-renewal ability in NSPCs), but not inhibition of cell proliferation. Apoptosis and differentiation of KT98 (a precursor of KT98/F1B-GFP) and KT98/F1B-GFP are not observed in acrylamide-treated neurospheres. Analysis of secondary neurosphere formation and differentiation of neurons and glia illustrated that acrylamide-treated KT98 and KT98/F1B-GFP neurospheres retain the NSPC properties, such as self-renewal and differentiation capacity. Correlation of acrylamide-inhibited neurosphere formation with cell-cell adhesion was observed in mouse NSPCs by live cell image analysis and the presence of acrylamide. Protein expression levels of cell adhesion molecules [neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and N-cadherin] and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in acrylamide-treated KT98/F1B-GFP and U-1240 MG/F1B-GFP neurospheres demonstrated that NCAM decreased and phospho-ERK (pERK) increased, whereas expression of N-cadherin remained unchanged. Analysis of AKT (protein kinase B, PKB)/β-catenin pathway showed decrease in phospho-AKT (p-AKT) and cyclin D1 expression in acrylamide-treated neurospheres of KT98/F1B-GFP. Furthermore, PD98059, an ERK phosphorylation inhibitor, attenuated acrylamide-induced ERK phosphorylation, indicating that pERK contributed to the cell proliferation, but not in neurosphere formation in mouse NSPCs. Coimmunoprecipitation results of KT98/F1B-GFP cell lysates showed that the complex of NCAM and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is present in the neurosphere, and the amount of this complex decreases after acrylamide treatment. Our results reveal that acrylamide inhibits neurosphere formation through the disruption of the neurosphere architecture in NSPCs. The downregulation of cell-cell adhesion resulted from decreasing the levels of NCAM as well as the formation of NCAM/ FGFR complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hang Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Don-Ching Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Shu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Tomaszewski M, Eales J, Denniff M, Myers S, Chew GS, Nelson CP, Christofidou P, Desai A, Büsst C, Wojnar L, Musialik K, Jozwiak J, Debiec R, Dominiczak AF, Navis G, van Gilst WH, van der Harst P, Samani NJ, Harrap S, Bogdanski P, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Charchar FJ. Renal Mechanisms of Association between Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 and Blood Pressure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:3151-60. [PMID: 25918036 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) gene is expressed primarily in the kidney and may contribute to hypertension. However, the biologic mechanisms underlying the association between FGF1 and BP regulation remain unknown. We report that the major allele of FGF1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs152524 was associated in a dose-dependent manner with systolic BP (P = 9.65 × 10(-5)) and diastolic BP (P = 7.61 × 10(-3)) in a meta-analysis of 14,364 individuals and with renal expression of FGF1 mRNA in 126 human kidneys (P=9.0 × 10(-3)). Next-generation RNA sequencing revealed that upregulated renal expression of FGF1 or of each of the three FGF1 mRNA isoforms individually was associated with higher BP. FGF1-stratified coexpression analysis in two separate collections of human kidneys identified 126 FGF1 partner mRNAs, of which 71 and 63 showed at least nominal association with systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. Of those mRNAs, seven mRNAs in five genes (MME, PTPRO, REN, SLC12A3, and WNK1) had strong prior annotation to BP or hypertension. MME, which encodes an enzyme that degrades circulating natriuretic peptides, showed the strongest differential coexpression with FGF1 between hypertensive and normotensive kidneys. Furthermore, higher level of renal FGF1 expression was associated with lower circulating levels of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. These findings indicate that FGF1 expression in the kidney is at least under partial genetic control and that renal expression of several FGF1 partner genes involved in the natriuretic peptide catabolism pathway, renin-angiotensin cascade, and sodium handling network may explain the association between FGF1 and BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tomaszewski
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester, United Kingdom;
| | - James Eales
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Myers
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Guat Siew Chew
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Paraskevi Christofidou
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Aishwarya Desai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Cara Büsst
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Katarzyna Musialik
- Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Jozwiak
- Department of Public Health, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Debiec
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Anna F Dominiczak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wiek H van Gilst
- Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Harrap
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pawel Bogdanski
- Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Zukowska-Szczechowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
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18
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Su JC, Chiang HC, Tseng PH, Tai WT, Hsu CY, Li YS, Huang JW, Ko CH, Lin MW, Chu PY, Liu CY, Chen KF, Shiau CW. RFX-1-dependent activation of SHP-1 inhibits STAT3 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2807-2814. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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19
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Obatoclax analog SC-2001 inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation through enhancing SHP-1 expression and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 146:71-84. [PMID: 24903225 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Interfering oncogenic STAT3 signaling is a promising anti-cancer strategy. We examined the efficacy and drug mechanism of an obatoclax analog SC-2001, a novel STAT3 inhibitor, in human breast cancer cells. Human breast cancer cell lines were used for in vitro studies. Apoptosis was examined by both flow cytometry and western blot. Signaling pathways were assessed by western blot. In vivo efficacy of SC-2001 was tested in xenograft nude mice. SC-2001 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in association with downregulation of p-STAT3 (Tyr 705) in breast cancer cells. STAT3-regulated proteins, including Mcl-1, survivin, and cyclin D1, were repressed by SC-2001. Over-expression of STAT3 in MDA-MB-468 cells protected cells from SC-2001-induced apoptosis. Moreover, SC-2001 enhanced the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, a negative regulator of STAT3. Furthermore, the enhanced SHP-1 expression, in conjunction with increased SHP-1 phosphatase activity, was mediated by upregulated transcription by RFX-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that SC-2001 increased the binding capacity of RFX-1 to the SHP-1 promoter. Knockdown of either RFX-1 or SHP-1 reduced SC-2001-induced apoptosis, whereas ectopic expression of RFX-1 increased SHP-1 expression and enhanced the apoptotic effect of SC-2001. Importantly, SC-2001 suppressed tumor growth in association with enhanced RFX-1 and SHP-1 expression and p-STAT3 downregulation in MDA-MB-468 xenograft tumors. SC-2001 induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells, an effect that was mediated by RFX-1 upregulated SHP-1 expression and SHP-1-dependent STAT3 inactivation. Our study indicates targeting STAT3 signaling pathway may be a useful approach for the development of targeted agents for anti-breast cancer.
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20
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Kainov Y, Favorskaya I, Delektorskaya V, Chemeris G, Komelkov A, Zhuravskaya A, Trukhanova L, Zueva E, Tavitian B, Dyakova N, Zborovskaya I, Tchevkina E. CRABP1 provides high malignancy of transformed mesenchymal cells and contributes to the pathogenesis of mesenchymal and neuroendocrine tumors. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1530-9. [PMID: 24626200 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CRABP1 (cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1) belongs to the family of fatty acid binding proteins. Retinoic acid binding is the only known functional activity of this protein. The role of CRABP1 in human carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, for the first time we demonstrated pro-metastatic and pro-tumorigenic activity of CRABP1 in mesenchymal tumors. Further functional analysis revealed that the pro-tumorigenic effect of CRABP1 does not depend on retinoic acid binding activity. These results suggest that CRABP1 could have an alternative intracellular functional activity that contributes to the high malignancy of transformed mesenchymal cells. Microarray analysis detected CRABP1-mediated alterations in the expression of about 100 genes, including those encoding key regulatory proteins. CRABP1 is ubiquitously expressed in monophasic synovial sarcomas, while in biphasic synovial sarcomas it is expressed uniquely by the spindle cells of the aggressive mesenchymal component. High level of CRABP1 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation/high grade of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Presented data suggest CRABP1 as a promising biomarker of pNETs' clinical behavior. Our results give the first evidence of pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic activity of CRABP1 in mesenchymal and neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elina Zueva
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center; Moscow, Russia
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Feng C, Zhang Y, Yin J, Li J, Abounader R, Zuo Z. Regulatory factor X1 is a new tumor suppressive transcription factor that acts via direct downregulation of CD44 in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1078-85. [PMID: 24526308 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological functions of regulatory factor (RF)X1, a transcription factor, are not known. Since the RFX1 gene is often epigenetically silenced and clusters of differentiation (CD)44 proteins that regulate cancer cell biology are increased in human glioblastomas, we designed this study to determine whether RFX1 could regulate CD44 expression in glioblastoma. METHODS Regulatory factor X1 was overexpressed in 4 human glioblastoma cell lines. CD44 expression and cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were assayed under in vitro conditions. In vivo growth of human glioblastoma xenografts was determined in mice. The expression of RFX1 and CD44 in human glioblastoma tissues was quantified. RESULTS A putative RFX1 binding sequence existed in the first exon of the human CD44 gene. The transcription activity of the DNA fragment containing this putative sequence was decreased in cells overexpressing RFX1. Regulatory factor X1 bound to the CD44 gene in glioblastoma cells. It reduced CD44 expression and activated Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, signaling molecules downstream of CD44 to regulate cell proliferation and survival. Overexpression of RFX1 inhibited the survival, proliferation, and transwell invasion of glioblastoma cells and in vivo growth of human glioblastoma xenografts. CD44 overexpression reversed RFX1 effects on cell proliferation. Finally, CD44 protein levels were inversely correlated with RFX1 protein levels in human glioblastoma tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that RFX1 directly regulates CD44 expression. This mechanism may contribute to RFX1's effects on proliferation, survival, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. Our results provide initial evidence that RFX1 may be an important target/regulator of the malignancy of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhuo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (C.F., J.Y., J.L., Z.Z.); Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (Y.Z., R.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (J.L.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (C.F., J.Y., J.L., Z.Z.); Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (Y.Z., R.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (J.L.)
| | - Jinbo Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (C.F., J.Y., J.L., Z.Z.); Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (Y.Z., R.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (C.F., J.Y., J.L., Z.Z.); Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (Y.Z., R.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (J.L.)
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (C.F., J.Y., J.L., Z.Z.); Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (Y.Z., R.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (J.L.)
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (C.F., J.Y., J.L., Z.Z.); Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (Y.Z., R.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (J.L.)
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Jiang J, Zhang N, Shiba H, Li L, Wang Z. Spermatogenesis associated 4 promotes Sertoli cell proliferation modulated negatively by regulatory factor X1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75933. [PMID: 24146794 PMCID: PMC3795713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis associated 4 (Spata4), a testis-specific and CpG island associated gene, is involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. To obtain insight into the role of Spata4 in cell cycling control, we characterized the promoter region of Spata4 and investigated its transcriptional regulation mechanism. The Spata4 promoter is unidirectional transcribed and possesses multiple transcription start sites. Moreover, we present evidence that regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) could bind the typical 14-bp cis-elements of Spata4 promoter, modulate transcriptional activity and endogenous expression of Spata4, and further regulate the proliferation of Sertoli cells. Overexpression of RFX1 was shown to down-regulate both the promoter activity and mRNA expression of Spata4, whereas knockdown of RFX1 demonstrated the opposite effects. Our studies provide insight into Spata4 gene regulation and imply the potential role of RFX1 in growth of Sertoli cells. RFX1 may have negative effect on cell proliferation of Sertoli cells via modulating Spata4 expression levels by binding the conserved 14-bp cis-elements of Spata4 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hiroshi Shiba
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liyuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Kao CY, Hsu YC, Liu JW, Lee DC, Chung YF, Chiu IM. The mood stabilizer valproate activates human FGF1
gene promoter through inhibiting HDAC and GSK-3 activities. J Neurochem 2013; 126:4-18. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Kao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine; National Health Research Institutes; Miaoli Taiwan
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine; Institute of Molecular Medicine; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Hsu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine; National Health Research Institutes; Miaoli Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Liu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine; National Health Research Institutes; Miaoli Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Don-Ching Lee
- Division of Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine; National Health Research Institutes; Miaoli Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Chung
- Division of Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine; National Health Research Institutes; Miaoli Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine; National Health Research Institutes; Miaoli Taiwan
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine; Institute of Molecular Medicine; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
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Hsu YC, Kao CY, Chung YF, Chen MS, Chiu IM. Ciliogenic RFX transcription factors regulate FGF1 gene promoter. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2511-22. [PMID: 22415835 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell division, and neurogenesis. Human FGF1 gene 1B promoter (-540 to +31)-driven green fluorescence (F1BGFP) was shown to recapitulate endogenous FGF1 gene expression. It can also be used to isolate neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and glioblastoma stem cells (GBM-SCs) from developing mouse brains and human glioblastoma tissues, respectively. However, the regulatory mechanisms of FGF-1B promoter and F1BGFP(+) cells are not clear. In this study, we present several lines of evidence to show the roles of ciliogenic RFX transcription factors in the regulation of FGF-1B gene promoter and F1BGFP(+) cells: (i) RFX1, RFX2, and RFX3 transcription factors could directly bind the 18-bp cis-element (-484 to -467), and contribute to the regulation of FGF1 promoter and neurosphere formation. (ii) We demonstrated RFX2/RFX3 complex could only be detected in the nuclear extract of FGF-1B positive cells, but not in FGF-1B negative cells. (iii) Protein kinase C inhibitors, staurosporine and rottlerin, could decrease the percentage of F1BGFP(+) cells and their neurosphere formation efficiency through reducing the RFX2/3 complex. (iv) RNA interference knockdown of RFX2 could significantly reduce the percentage of F1BGFP(+) cells and their neurosphere formation efficiency whereas overexpression of RFX2 resulted in the opposite effects. Taken together, this study suggests ciliogenic RFX transcription factors regulate FGF-1B promoter activity and the maintenance of F1BGFP(+) NSPCs and GBM-SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hsu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Feng C, Zuo Z. Regulatory factor X1-induced down-regulation of transforming growth factor β2 transcription in human neuroblastoma cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:22730-9. [PMID: 22582395 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.338590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory factor X (RFX) proteins are transcription factors. Seven mammalian RFX proteins have been identified. RFX1 is the prototype RFX. However, its biological functions are not known. Here, RFX1 overexpression reduced fetal bovine serum-stimulated proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuroblastoma cell line. This inhibition is associated with decreased transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2) and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Exogenous TGFβ2 increased cell proliferation and phospho-ERK in cells overexpressing RFX1. An anti-TGFβ2 antibody and PD98059, an ERK activation inhibitor, inhibited SH-SY5Y cell proliferation. TGFβ2 promoter activity was decreased in cells overexpressing RFX1. Chromosome immunoprecipitation assay showed that RFX1 bound the TGFβ2 promoter. RFX1 down-regulation increased TGFβ2 in SH-SY5Y and HCN-1A cells, a normal human neuronal cell line. More importantly, TGFβ2 concentrations were negatively correlated with RFX1 levels in human medulloblastoma tissues with a R(2) of 0.464. These results suggest that RFX1 reduces cell proliferation through inhibiting the TGFβ2-ERK signaling pathway. RFX1 blocks TGFβ2 expression through its direct action on TGFβ2 transcription. This effect also appears in human brain tumor tissues. Because TGFβ is known to be involved in cancer development, our results provide initial evidence to suggest that RFX1 may play an important role in human tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhuo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Monaco E, Bionaz M, Rodriguez-Zas S, Hurley WL, Wheeler MB. Transcriptomics comparison between porcine adipose and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32481. [PMID: 22412878 PMCID: PMC3296722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) are considered the gold standard for use in tissue regeneration among mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The abundance and ease of harvest make the adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) an attractive alternative to BMSC. The aim of the present study was to compare the transcriptome of ASC and BMSC, respectively isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and femur of 3 adult pigs, during in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation for up to four weeks. At 0, 2, 7, and 21 days of differentiation RNA was extracted for microarray analysis. A False Discovery Rate ≤0.05 for overall interactions effect and P<0.001 between comparisons were used to determine differentially expressed genes (DEG). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and DAVID performed the functional analysis of the DEG. Functional analysis of highest expressed genes in MSC and genes more expressed in MSC vs. fully differentiated tissues indicated low immunity and high angiogenic capacity. Only 64 genes were differentially expressed between ASC and BMSC before differentiation. The functional analysis uncovered a potential larger angiogenic, osteogenic, migration, and neurogenic capacity in BMSC and myogenic capacity in ASC. Less than 200 DEG were uncovered between ASC and BMSC during differentiation. Functional analysis also revealed an overall greater lipid metabolism in ASC, while BMSC had a greater cell growth and proliferation. The time course transcriptomic comparison between differentiation types uncovered <500 DEG necessary to determine cell fate. The functional analysis indicated that osteogenesis had a larger cell proliferation and cytoskeleton organization with a crucial role of G-proteins. Adipogenesis was driven by PPAR signaling and had greater angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, migration, and tumorigenesis capacity. Overall the data indicated that the transcriptome of the two MSC is relatively similar across the conditions studied. In addition, functional analysis data might indicate differences in therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Monaco
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sandra Rodriguez-Zas
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Walter L. Hurley
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Wheeler
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Eukaryotic evolutionary transitions are associated with extreme codon bias in functionally-related proteins. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25457. [PMID: 21966531 PMCID: PMC3179510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Codon bias in the genome of an organism influences its phenome by changing the speed and efficiency of mRNA translation and hence protein abundance. We hypothesized that differences in codon bias, either between-species differences in orthologous genes, or within-species differences between genes, may play an evolutionary role. To explore this hypothesis, we compared the genome-wide codon bias in six species that occupy vital positions in the Eukaryotic Tree of Life. We acquired the entire protein coding sequences for these organisms, computed the codon bias for all genes in each organism and explored the output for relationships between codon bias and protein function, both within- and between-lineages. We discovered five notable coordinated patterns, with extreme codon bias most pronounced in traits considered highly characteristic of a given lineage. Firstly, the Homo sapiens genome had stronger codon bias for DNA-binding transcription factors than the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, whereas the opposite was true for ribosomal proteins – perhaps underscoring transcriptional regulation in the origin of complexity. Secondly, both mammalian species examined possessed extreme codon bias in genes relating to hair – a tissue unique to mammals. Thirdly, Arabidopsis thaliana showed extreme codon bias in genes implicated in cell wall formation and chloroplast function – which are unique to plants. Fourthly, Gallus gallus possessed strong codon bias in a subset of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins – perhaps reflecting the enhanced bioenergetic efficiency in birds that co-evolved with flight. And lastly, the G. gallus genome had extreme codon bias for the Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor – which may help to explain their spontaneous recovery from deafness. We propose that extreme codon bias in groups of genes that encode functionally related proteins has a pathway-level energetic explanation.
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