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Cocom-Chan B, Khakzad H, Konate M, Aguilar DI, Bello C, Valencia-Gallardo C, Zarrouk Y, Fattaccioli J, Mauviel A, Javelaud D, Tran Van Nhieu G. IpaA reveals distinct modes of vinculin activation during Shigella invasion and cell-matrix adhesion. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302418. [PMID: 38834194 PMCID: PMC11150655 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vinculin is a cytoskeletal linker strengthening cell adhesion. The Shigella IpaA invasion effector binds to vinculin to promote vinculin supra-activation associated with head-domain-mediated oligomerization. Our study investigates the impact of mutations of vinculin D1D2 subdomains' residues predicted to interact with IpaA VBS3. These mutations affected the rate of D1D2 trimer formation with distinct effects on monomer disappearance, consistent with structural modeling of a closed and open D1D2 conformer induced by IpaA. Notably, mutations targeting the closed D1D2 conformer significantly reduced Shigella invasion of host cells as opposed to mutations targeting the open D1D2 conformer and later stages of vinculin head-domain oligomerization. In contrast, all mutations affected the formation of focal adhesions (FAs), supporting the involvement of vinculin supra-activation in this process. Our findings suggest that IpaA-induced vinculin supra-activation primarily reinforces matrix adhesion in infected cells, rather than promoting bacterial invasion. Consistently, shear stress studies pointed to a key role for IpaA-induced vinculin supra-activation in accelerating and strengthening cell-matrix adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cocom-Chan
- Team "Ca2+ Signaling and Microbial Infections", I2BC, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR9198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hamed Khakzad
- Team "Ca2+ Signaling and Microbial Infections", I2BC, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR9198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France
| | - Mahamadou Konate
- Team "Ca2+ Signaling and Microbial Infections", I2BC, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR9198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Isui Aguilar
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7241, Paris, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre, Paris, France
| | - Chakir Bello
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7241, Paris, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre, Paris, France
| | - Cesar Valencia-Gallardo
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7241, Paris, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre, Paris, France
| | - Yosra Zarrouk
- Team "Ca2+ Signaling and Microbial Infections", I2BC, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR9198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jacques Fattaccioli
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la Microfluidique, Paris, France
| | - Alain Mauviel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, CNRS UMR3347, Team "TGF-ß and Oncogenesis", Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3347, Orsay, France
| | - Delphine Javelaud
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, CNRS UMR3347, Team "TGF-ß and Oncogenesis", Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3347, Orsay, France
| | - Guy Tran Van Nhieu
- Team "Ca2+ Signaling and Microbial Infections", I2BC, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR9198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7241, Paris, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre, Paris, France
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2
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Shoyer TC, Collins KL, Ham TR, Blanchard AT, Malavade JN, Johns BA, West JL, Hoffman BD. Detection of fluorescent protein mechanical switching in cellulo. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100815. [PMID: 38986612 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical forces is critical in many physiological and pathological processes. However, determining the mechanisms by which forces affect protein function inside cells remains challenging. Motivated by in vitro demonstrations of fluorescent proteins (FPs) undergoing reversible mechanical switching of fluorescence, we investigated whether force-sensitive changes in FP function could be visualized in cells. Guided by a computational model of FP mechanical switching, we develop a formalism for its detection in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors and demonstrate its occurrence in cellulo within a synthetic actin crosslinker and the mechanical linker protein vinculin. We find that in cellulo mechanical switching is reversible and altered by manipulation of cell force generation, external stiffness, and force-sensitive bond dynamics of the biosensor. This work describes a framework for assessing FP mechanical stability and provides a means of probing force-sensitive protein function inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Curtis Shoyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Kasie L Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Trevor R Ham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Aaron T Blanchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Juilee N Malavade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Benjamin A Johns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA.
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Jang SR, Kim JI, Lee S, Park CH. Harnessing the Coil Electrospinning Method for Fabricating Superflexible and Multiscale-Patterned Fibrous Tubular Scaffolds with Topographical Features. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34496-34509. [PMID: 38922436 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The fibrous tubular scaffold (FTS) has potential as a vascular graft; however, its clinical application is hindered by insufficient mechanical properties. Inadequate mechanical properties of vascular grafts can lead to some serious side effects such as intimal hyperplasia, luminal expansion, and blood thrombogenicity. In this study, we developed a novel fibrous tubular scaffold comprising multiscale fibers to ensure superior mechanical properties. Our novel approach involves a one-step manufacturing method that can fabricate the superflexible fibrous tubular scaffold (SF-FTS) with topographical features via a modified electrospinning setup. We investigated the effect of humidity and temperature during the fabrication process on the formation of multiscale fibers. It was demonstrated that the incorporation of multiscale fibers and topographical features significantly enhances the mechanical properties of FTS. The mechanical advantages of SF-FTS were confirmed through the kinking resistance test, compressive test, and in vivo experiments. Additionally, we explored the interaction between the multiscale fibers and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) behavior. Our results suggest a novel strategy for fabricating FTS with advanced mechanical properties, and the designed SF-FTS holds promise as a potential candidate for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Rim Jang
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong In Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Pocheon 11160, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Pocheon 11160, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Visser N, Silva AV, Tarvainen I, Damdimopoulos A, Davey E, Roos K, Björvang RD, Kallak TK, Lager S, Lavogina D, Laws M, Piltonen T, Salumets A, Flaws JA, Öberg M, Velthut-Meikas A, Damdimopoulou P, Olovsson M. Epidemiologically relevant phthalates affect human endometrial cells in vitro through cell specific gene expression changes related to the cytoskeleton and mitochondria. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108660. [PMID: 38992643 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) found in common consumer products such as soft plastics and cosmetics. Although the knowledge regarding the adverse effects of phthalates on female fertility are accumulating, information on the hormone sensitive endometrium is still scarce. Here, we studied the effects of phthalates on endometrial cell proliferation and gene expression. Human endometrial primary epithelial and stromal cells were isolated from healthy fertile-aged women (n=3), and were compared to endometrial cell lines T-HESC and Ishikawa. Three different epidemiologically relevant phthalate mixtures were used, defined by urine samples in the Midlife Women Health Study (MWHS) cohort. Mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) was used as a single phthalate control. Cells were harvested for proliferation testing and transcriptomic analyses after 24 h exposure. Even though all cell models responded differently to the phthalate exposures, many overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs, FDR<0.1), related to cell adhesion, cytoskeleton and mitochondria were found in all cell types. The qPCR analysis confirmed that MEHHP significantly affected cell adhesion gene vinculin (VCL) and NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B7 (NDUFB7), important for oxidative phosphorylation. Benchmark dose modelling showed that MEHHP had significant concentration-dependent effects on cytoskeleton gene actin-beta (ACTB). In conclusion, short 24 h phthalate exposures significantly altered gene expression cell-specifically in human endometrial cells, with six shared DEGs. The mixture effects were similar to those of MEHHP, suggesting MEHHP could be the main driver in the mixture. Impact of phthalate exposures on endometrial functions including receptivity should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Visser
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Antero Vieira Silva
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilari Tarvainen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden; Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17177, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Anastasios Damdimopoulos
- Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis Core Facility, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Davey
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristine Roos
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia; Nova Vita Clinic, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Richelle D Björvang
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | | | - Susanne Lager
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mary Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Terhi Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andres Salumets
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden; Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17177, Sweden; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Mattias Öberg
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agne Velthut-Meikas
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden; Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Matts Olovsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Thomas KM, Spitzer N. Silver nanoparticles induce formation of multi-protein aggregates that contain cadherin but do not colocalize with nanoparticles. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105837. [PMID: 38692336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly incorporated in diverse products to confer antimicrobial properties. They are released into the environment during manufacture, after disposal, and from the products during use. Because AgNPs bioaccumulate in brain, it is important to understand how they interact with neural cell physiology. We found that the focal adhesion (FA)-associated protein cadherin aggregated in a dose-dependent response to AgNP exposure in differentiating cultured B35 neuroblastoma cells. These aggregates tended to colocalize with F-actin inclusions that form in response to AgNP and also contain β-catenin. However, using hyperspectral microscopy, we demonstrate that these multi-protein aggregates did not colocalize with the AgNPs themselves. Furthermore, expression and organization of the FA protein vinculin did not change in cells exposed to AgNP. Our findings suggest that AgNPs activate an intermediate mechanism which leads to formation of aggregates via specific protein-protein interactions. Finally, we detail the changes in hyperspectral profiles of AgNPs during different stages of cell culture and immunocytochemistry processing. AgNPs in citrate-stabilized solution present mostly blue with some rainbow spectra and these are maintained upon mounting in Prolong Gold. Exposure to tissue culture medium results in a uniform green spectral shift that is not further altered by fixation and protein block steps of immunocytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaden M Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, One John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Nadja Spitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, One John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV, USA.
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6
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Agostini F, Vicinanza C, Lombardi E, Da Ros F, Marangon M, Massarut S, Mazzucato M, Durante C. Ex vivo expansion in a clinical grade medium, containing growth factors from human platelets, enhances migration capacity of adipose stem cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404228. [PMID: 38812519 PMCID: PMC11135042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipose tissue mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASC) can be used as advanced therapy medicinal product in regenerative and cancer medicine. We previously demonstrated Supernatant Rich in Growth Factors (SRGF) can replace fetal bovine serum (FBS) to expand ASC by a clinical grade compliant protocol. The therapeutic potential of ASC is based also on their homing capacity toward inflammatory/cancer sites: oriented cell migration is a fundamental process in this scenario. We investigated the impact of SRGF on ASC migration properties. Methods The motility/migration potential of ASC expanded in 5% SRGF was analyzed, in comparison to 10% FBS, by standard wound healing, bidimensional chemotaxis and transwell assays, and by millifluidic transwell tests. Mechanisms involved in the migration process were investigated by transient protein overexpression. Results In comparison to standard 10% FBS, supplementation of the cell culture medium with 5% SRGF, strongly increased migration properties of ASC along the chemotactic gradient and toward cancer cell derived soluble factors, both in static and millifluidic conditions. We showed that, independently from applied migratory stimulus, SRGF expanded ASC were characterized by far lower expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a protein involved in the cell migration machinery. Overexpression of αSMA induced a significant and marked decrease in migration capacity of SRGF expanded ASC. Discussion In conclusion, 5% SRGF addition in the cell culture medium increases the migration potential of ASC, reasonably through appropriate downregulation of αSMA. Thus, SRGF could potentially improve the therapeutic impact of ASC, both as modulators of the immune microenviroment or as targeted drug delivery vehicles in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agostini
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Carla Vicinanza
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Da Ros
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Miriam Marangon
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Samuele Massarut
- Breast Cancer Surgery Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mario Mazzucato
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Cristina Durante
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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7
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Shoyer TC, Collins KL, Ham TR, Blanchard AT, Malavade JN, West JL, Hoffman BD. Detection of Fluorescent Protein Mechanical Switching in Cellulo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.575065. [PMID: 38260589 PMCID: PMC10802509 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical forces is critical in many physiological and pathological processes. However, the mechanisms by which forces affect protein function inside cells remain unclear. Motivated by in vitro demonstrations of fluorescent proteins (FPs) undergoing reversible mechanical switching of fluorescence, we investigated if force-sensitive changes in FP function could be visualized in cells. Guided by a computational model of FP mechanical switching, we develop a formalism for its detection in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors and demonstrate its occurrence in cellulo in a synthetic actin-crosslinker and the mechanical linker protein vinculin. We find that in cellulo mechanical switching is reversible and altered by manipulation of cellular force generation as well as force-sensitive bond dynamics of the biosensor. Together, this work describes a new framework for assessing FP mechanical stability and provides a means of probing force-sensitive protein function inside cells. MOTIVATION The ability of cells to sense mechanical forces is critical in developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. Cells sense mechanical cues via force-induced alterations in protein structure and function, but elucidation of the molecular mechanisms is hindered by the lack of approaches to directly probe the effect of forces on protein structure and function inside cells. Motivated by in vitro observations of reversible fluorescent protein mechanical switching, we developed an approach for detecting fluorescent protein mechanical switching in cellulo . This enables the visualization of force-sensitive protein function inside living cells.
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8
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Mierke CT. Magnetic tweezers in cell mechanics. Methods Enzymol 2024; 694:321-354. [PMID: 38492957 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The chapter provides an overview of the applications of magnetic tweezers in living cells. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of magnetic tweezers technology with a focus on individual magnetic tweezers configurations, such as electromagnetic tweezers. Solutions to the disadvantages identified are also outlined. The specific role of magnetic tweezers in the field of mechanobiology, such as mechanosensitivity, mechano-allostery and mechanotransduction are also emphasized. The specific usage of magnetic tweezers in mechanically probing cells via specific cell surface receptors, such as mechanosensitive channels is discussed and why mechanical probing has revealed the opening and closing of the channels. Finally, the future direction of magnetic tweezers is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth System Sciences, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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9
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Mierke CT. Extracellular Matrix Cues Regulate Mechanosensing and Mechanotransduction of Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:96. [PMID: 38201302 PMCID: PMC10777970 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular biophysical properties have particular implications for a wide spectrum of cellular behaviors and functions, including growth, motility, differentiation, apoptosis, gene expression, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion, and signal transduction including mechanotransduction. Cells not only react to unambiguously mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM), but can occasionally manipulate the mechanical features of the matrix in parallel with biological characteristics, thus interfering with downstream matrix-based cues in both physiological and pathological processes. Bidirectional interactions between cells and (bio)materials in vitro can alter cell phenotype and mechanotransduction, as well as ECM structure, intentionally or unintentionally. Interactions between cell and matrix mechanics in vivo are of particular importance in a variety of diseases, including primarily cancer. Stiffness values between normal and cancerous tissue can range between 500 Pa (soft) and 48 kPa (stiff), respectively. Even the shear flow can increase from 0.1-1 dyn/cm2 (normal tissue) to 1-10 dyn/cm2 (cancerous tissue). There are currently many new areas of activity in tumor research on various biological length scales, which are highlighted in this review. Moreover, the complexity of interactions between ECM and cancer cells is reduced to common features of different tumors and the characteristics are highlighted to identify the main pathways of interaction. This all contributes to the standardization of mechanotransduction models and approaches, which, ultimately, increases the understanding of the complex interaction. Finally, both the in vitro and in vivo effects of this mechanics-biology pairing have key insights and implications for clinical practice in tumor treatment and, consequently, clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Yamashiro S, Rutkowski DM, Lynch KA, Liu Y, Vavylonis D, Watanabe N. Force transmission by retrograde actin flow-induced dynamic molecular stretching of Talin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8468. [PMID: 38123541 PMCID: PMC10733299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Force transmission at integrin-based adhesions is important for cell migration and mechanosensing. Talin is an essential focal adhesion (FA) protein that links F-actin to integrins. F-actin constantly moves on FAs, yet how Talin simultaneously maintains the connection to F-actin and transmits forces to integrins remains unclear. Here we show a critical role of dynamic Talin unfolding in force transmission. Using single-molecule speckle microscopy, we found that the majority of Talin are bound only to either F-actin or the substrate, whereas 4.1% of Talin is linked to both structures via elastic transient clutch. By reconstituting Talin knockdown cells with Talin chimeric mutants, in which the Talin rod subdomains are replaced with the stretchable β-spectrin repeats, we show that the stretchable property is critical for force transmission. Simulations suggest that unfolding of the Talin rod subdomains increases in the linkage duration and work at FAs. This study elucidates a force transmission mechanism, in which stochastic molecular stretching bridges two cellular structures moving at different speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Yamashiro
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | - Kelli Ann Lynch
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Yamashiro S, Rutkowski DM, Ann Lynch K, Liu Y, Vavylonis D, Watanabe N. Force transmission by retrograde actin flow-induced dynamic molecular stretching of Talin. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3254213. [PMID: 37674715 PMCID: PMC10479399 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3254213/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Force transmission at integrin-based adhesions is important for cell migration and mechanosensing. Talin is an essential focal adhesion (FA) protein that links F-actin to integrins. F-actin constantly moves on FAs, yet how Talin simultaneously maintains the connection to F-actin and transmits forces to integrins remains unclear. Here we show a critical role of dynamic Talin unfolding in force transmission. Using single-molecule speckle microscopy, we found that the majority of Talin are bound only to either F-actin or the substrate, whereas 4.1% of Talin is linked to both structures via elastic transient clutch. By reconstituting Talin knockdown cells with Talin chimeric mutants, in which the Talin rod subdomains are replaced with the stretchable β-spectrin repeats, we show that the stretchable property is critical for force transmission. Simulations suggest that unfolding of the Talin rod subdomains increases in the linkage duration and work at FAs. This study reveals a new mode of force transmission, in which stochastic molecular stretching bridges two cellular structures moving at different speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Yamashiro
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Kelli Ann Lynch
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Naoki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Japan
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12
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Régnier L, Bénichou O, Krapivsky PL. Range-Controlled Random Walks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:227101. [PMID: 37327439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.227101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We introduce range-controlled random walks with hopping rates depending on the range N, that is, the total number of previously distinct visited sites. We analyze a one-parameter class of models with a hopping rate N^{a} and determine the large time behavior of the average range, as well as its complete distribution in two limit cases. We find that the behavior drastically changes depending on whether the exponent a is smaller, equal, or larger than the critical value, a_{d}, depending only on the spatial dimension d. When a>a_{d}, the forager covers the infinite lattice in a finite time. The critical exponent is a_{1}=2 and a_{d}=1 when d≥2. We also consider the case of two foragers who compete for food, with hopping rates depending on the number of sites each visited before the other. Surprising behaviors occur in 1D where a single walker dominates and finds most of the sites when a>1, while for a<1, the walkers evenly explore the line. We compute the gain of efficiency in visiting sites by adding one walker.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Régnier
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - O Bénichou
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - P L Krapivsky
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA
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13
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Tao A, LaCroix AS, Shoyer TC, Venkatraman V, Xu KL, Feiger B, Hoffman BD. Identifying constitutive and context-specific molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment within focal adhesions. Dev Cell 2023; 58:522-534.e7. [PMID: 36924770 PMCID: PMC10080727 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive processes often rely on adhesion structures to strengthen, or mature, in response to applied loads. However, a limited understanding of how the molecular tensions that are experienced by a particular protein affect the recruitment of other proteins represents a major obstacle in the way of deciphering molecular mechanisms that underlie mechanosensitive processes. Here, we describe an imaging-based technique, termed fluorescence-tension co-localization (FTC), for studying molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment inside cells. Guided by discrete time Markov chain simulations of protein recruitment, we integrate immunofluorescence labeling, molecular tension sensors, and machine learning to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and context dependence of molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment. The application of FTC to the mechanical linker protein vinculin in mouse embryonic fibroblasts reveals constitutive and context-specific molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment that varies with adhesion maturation. FTC overcomes limitations associated with the alteration of numerous proteins during the manipulation of cell contractility, providing molecularly specific insights into tension-sensitive protein recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Tao
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karen L Xu
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bradley Feiger
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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14
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Essa A, Essa ES, El-deeb SM, Seleem HEM, Al Sahlawi M, Al-Omair OA, Shehab-Eldeen S. Elevated Serum Vinculin in Patients with HBV/HCV-Associated Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pilot Study. Biologics 2023; 17:23-32. [PMID: 36969330 PMCID: PMC10035354 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s405500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Background The stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) controls many cellular processes, such as migration and differentiation. Cells detect stiffness through adhesion structures termed focal adhesions (FAs). Vinculin, an actin-binding FA protein, plays a pivotal role in FA-mediated mechanotransduction. Aim This study aimed to explore the role of vinculin in the development of HBV/HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Vinculin levels in a total number of 100 serum samples from patients with HBV/HCV-induced liver cirrhosis and HCC, as well as healthy controls, were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis, the serum vinculin levels were significantly greater than in controls (503.8±242.2 and 728.4±1044.8 vs 77.7±36.1 respectively, p<0.001). However, results showed no link between serum vinculin and the clinicopathological features of HCC. Conclusion Patients with HBVor HCV-induced liver cirrhosis and HCC have significantly higher serum levels of vinculin than do controls. This might point to a potential role for vinculin in the development of HCC. More research into how this protein affects the development of HCC at the molecular level could lead to better clinical treatments and the development of new molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Essa
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas Said Essa
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Sara Mahmoud El-deeb
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | | | - Muthana Al Sahlawi
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Ahmed Al-Omair
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Somaia Shehab-Eldeen
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Somaia Shehab-Eldeen, Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassen Abd Al Ghafar Street, Shebin Elkom, Menoufia Governorate, 32511, Egypt, Tel +201117251523, Email
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15
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Chen ZH, Wu JJ, Guo DY, Li YY, Chen MN, Zhang ZY, Yuan ZD, Zhang KW, Chen WW, Tian F, Ye JX, Li X, Yuan FL. Physiological functions of podosomes: From structure and function to therapy implications in osteoclast biology of bone resorption. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101842. [PMID: 36621647 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With increasing age, bone tissue undergoes significant alterations in composition, architecture, and metabolic functions, probably causing senile osteoporosis. Osteoporosis possess the vast majority of bone disease and associates with a reduction in bone mass and increased fracture risk. Bone loss is on account of the disorder in osteoblast-induced bone formation and osteoclast-induced bone resorption. As a unique bone resorptive cell type, mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts exhibit dynamic actin-based cytoskeletal structures called podosomes that participate in cell-matrix adhesions specialized in the degradation of mineralized bone matrix. Podosomes share many of the same molecular constitutions as focal adhesions, but they have a unique structural organization, with a central core abundant in F-actin and encircled by scaffolding proteins, kinases and integrins. Here, we conclude recent advancements in our knowledge of the architecture and the functions of podosomes. We also discuss the regulatory pathways in osteoclast podosomes, providing a reference for future research on the podosomes of osteoclasts and considering podosomes as a therapeutic target for inhibiting bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Chen
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan-Yang Guo
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Yue Li
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Nan Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Wen Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Tian
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Xing Ye
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Li
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Colasurdo M, Nieves EB, Fernández-Yagüe MA, Franck C, García AJ. Adhesive peptide and polymer density modulate 3D cell traction forces within synthetic hydrogels. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121710. [PMID: 35999082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix forces provide pivotal signals regulating diverse physiological and pathological processes. Although mechanobiology has been widely studied in two-dimensional configurations, limited research has been conducted in three-dimensional (3D) systems due to the complex nature of mechanics and cellular behaviors. In this study, we established a platform integrating a well-defined synthetic hydrogel system (PEG-4MAL) with 3D traction force microscopy (TFM) methodologies to evaluate deformation and force responses within synthetic microenvironments, providing insights that are not tractable using biological matrices because of the interdependence of biochemical and biophysical properties and complex mechanics. We dissected the contributions of adhesive peptide density and polymer density, which determines hydrogel stiffness, to 3D force generation for fibroblasts. A critical threshold of adhesive peptide density at a constant matrix elasticity is required for cells to generate 3D forces. Furthermore, matrix displacements and strains decreased with matrix stiffness whereas stresses, and tractions increased with matrix stiffness until reaching constant values at higher stiffness values. Finally, Rho-kinase-dependent contractility and vinculin expression are required to generate significant 3D forces in both collagen and synthetic hydrogels. This research establishes a tunable platform for the study of mechanobiology and provides new insights into how cells sense and transmit forces in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Colasurdo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Elisa B Nieves
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Marc A Fernández-Yagüe
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Christian Franck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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17
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Andreassen RC, Rønning SB, Solberg NT, Grønlien KG, Kristoffersen KA, Høst V, Kolset SO, Pedersen ME. Production of food-grade microcarriers based on by-products from the food industry to facilitate the expansion of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells for cultured meat production. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Bashir KMI, Lee S, Jung DH, Basu SK, Cho MG, Wierschem A. Narrow-Gap Rheometry: A Novel Method for Measuring Cell Mechanics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132010. [PMID: 35805094 PMCID: PMC9265971 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscoelastic properties of a cell cytoskeleton contain abundant information about the state of a cell. Cells show a response to a specific environment or an administered drug through changes in their viscoelastic properties. Studies of single cells have shown that chemical agents that interact with the cytoskeleton can alter mechanical cell properties and suppress mitosis. This envisions using rheological measurements as a non-specific tool for drug development, the pharmacological screening of new drug agents, and to optimize dosage. Although there exists a number of sophisticated methods for studying mechanical properties of single cells, studying concentration dependencies is difficult and cumbersome with these methods: large cell-to-cell variations demand high repetition rates to obtain statistically significant data. Furthermore, method-induced changes in the cell mechanics cannot be excluded when working in a nonlinear viscoelastic range. To address these issues, we not only compared narrow-gap rheometry with commonly used single cell techniques, such as atomic force microscopy and microfluidic-based approaches, but we also compared existing cell monolayer studies used to estimate cell mechanical properties. This review provides insight for whether and how narrow-gap rheometer could be used as an efficient drug screening tool, which could further improve our current understanding of the mechanical issues present in the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- German Engineering Research and Development Center, LSTME-Busan Branch, Busan 46742, Korea; (K.M.I.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.J.); (M.-G.C.)
| | - Suhyang Lee
- German Engineering Research and Development Center, LSTME-Busan Branch, Busan 46742, Korea; (K.M.I.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.J.); (M.-G.C.)
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Dong Hee Jung
- German Engineering Research and Development Center, LSTME-Busan Branch, Busan 46742, Korea; (K.M.I.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.J.); (M.-G.C.)
- Division of Energy and Bioengineering, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
| | - Santanu Kumar Basu
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Man-Gi Cho
- German Engineering Research and Development Center, LSTME-Busan Branch, Busan 46742, Korea; (K.M.I.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.J.); (M.-G.C.)
- Division of Energy and Bioengineering, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
| | - Andreas Wierschem
- German Engineering Research and Development Center, LSTME-Busan Branch, Busan 46742, Korea; (K.M.I.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.J.); (M.-G.C.)
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-29566
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Mierke CT, Hayn A, Fischer T. PINCH1 Promotes Fibroblast Migration in Extracellular Matrices and Influences Their Mechanophenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:869563. [PMID: 35652097 PMCID: PMC9149598 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.869563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration performs a critical function in numerous physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis or wound healing after tissue injury, as well as pathological processes that include malignant progression of cancer. The efficiency of cell migration and invasion appears to be based on the mechano-phenotype of the cytoskeleton. The properties of the cytoskeleton depend on internal cytoskeletal and external environmental factors. A reason for this are connections between the cell and its local matrix microenvironment, which are established by cell-matrix adhesion receptors. Upon activation, focal adhesion proteins such as PINCH1 are recruited to sites where focal adhesions form. PINCH1 specifically couples through interactions with ILK, which binds to cell matrix receptors and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. However, the role of PINCH1 in cell mechanics regulating cellular motility in 3D collagen matrices is still unclear. PINCH1 is thought to facilitate 3D motility by regulating cellular mechanical properties, such as stiffness. In this study, PINCH1 wild-type and knock-out cells were examined for their ability to migrate in dense extracellular 3D matrices. Indeed, PINCH1 wild-type cells migrated more numerously and deeper in 3D matrices, compared to knock-out cells. Moreover, cellular deformability was determined, e.g., elastic modulus (stiffness). PINCH1 knock-out cells are more deformable (compliable) than PINCH1 wild-type cells. Migration of both PINCH1−/− cells and PINCH1fl/fl cells was decreased by Latrunculin A inhibition of actin polymerization, suggesting that actin cytoskeletal differences are not responsible for the discrepancy in invasiveness of the two cell types. However, the mechanical phenotype of PINCH1−/− cells may be reflected by Latrunculin A treatment of PINCH1fl/fl cells, as they exhibit resembling deformability to untreated PINCH1−/− cells. Moreover, an apparent mismatch exists between the elongation of the long axis and the contraction of the short axis between PINCH1fl/fl cells and PINCH1−/− cells following Latrunculin A treatment. There is evidence of this indicating a shift in the proxy values for Poisson’s ratio in PINCH1−/− cells compared with PINCH1fl/fl cells. This is probably attributable to modifications in cytoskeletal architecture. The non-muscle myosin II inhibitor Blebbistatin also reduced the cell invasiveness in 3D extracellular matrices but instead caused a stiffening of the cells. Finally, PINCH1 is apparently essential for providing cellular mechanical stiffness through the actin cytoskeleton, which regulates 3D motility.
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20
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Sung DC, Chen X, Chen M, Yang J, Schultz S, Babu A, Xu Y, Gao S, Keller TCS, Mericko-Ishizuka P, Lee M, Yang Y, Scallan JP, Kahn ML. VE-cadherin enables trophoblast endovascular invasion and spiral artery remodeling during placental development. eLife 2022; 11:e77241. [PMID: 35486098 PMCID: PMC9106330 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During formation of the mammalian placenta, trophoblasts invade the maternal decidua and remodel spiral arteries to bring maternal blood into the placenta. This process, known as endovascular invasion, is thought to involve the adoption of functional characteristics of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) by trophoblasts. The genetic and molecular basis of endovascular invasion remains poorly defined, however, and whether trophoblasts utilize specialized endothelial proteins in an analogous manner to create vascular channels remains untested. Vascular endothelial (VE-)cadherin is a homotypic adhesion protein that is expressed selectively by ECs in which it enables formation of tight vessels and regulation of EC junctions. VE-cadherin is also expressed in invasive trophoblasts and is a prime candidate for a molecular mechanism of endovascular invasion by those cells. Here, we show that VE-cadherin is required for trophoblast migration and endovascular invasion into the maternal decidua in the mouse. VE-cadherin deficiency results in loss of spiral artery remodeling that leads to decreased flow of maternal blood into the placenta, fetal growth restriction, and death. These studies identify a non-endothelial role for VE-cadherin in trophoblasts during placental development and suggest that endothelial proteins may play functionally unique roles in trophoblasts that do not simply mimic those in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Sung
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Mei Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jisheng Yang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Susan Schultz
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yitian Xu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Siqi Gao
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - TC Stevenson Keller
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Patricia Mericko-Ishizuka
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Michelle Lee
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South FloridaTampaUnited States
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South FloridaTampaUnited States
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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21
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Li L, Sun W, Yu J, Lei W, Zeng H, Shi B. Effects of titanium dioxide microparticles and nanoparticles on cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation in human gingival fibroblasts in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:644-659. [PMID: 35438207 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Titanium wear particles may participate in the etiology of peri-implantitis. However, the influence of titanium wear particles on biological behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in the presence of LPS is still not clear. The present study demonstrated the effects of titanium dioxide micro- and nanoparticles (TiO2 MPs and NPs) on HGF cell viability, cytoskeletal organization, adhesion, migration, and proliferation in vitro, and LPS was used to mimic the in vivo condition. METHODS Primary HGFs were treated with TiO2 MPs (primary particle size <5 μm, 0.1 mg/ml) and NPs (primary particle size <100 nm, 0.1 mg/ml) with or without 1 μg/ml LPS. The effects of TiO2 MPs and NPs on HGFs cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The proliferation of HGF was detected by Ki67 nuclear staining. The confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to detect the internalization of TiO2 MPs and NPs in HGFs as well as the arrangement of F-actin, vinculin, and vimentin organization. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were performed to measure the migration of HGFs induced by TiO2 MPs and NPs. Cell adhesion was measured using fibronectin-coated plates. The relative mRNA and protein expression of adhesion relative protein such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), fibronectin (FN), and type I collagen (COL1) were measured using quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test were used to analyze the statistical significance, and p < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS TiO2 NPs significantly inhibited HGF cell viability, proliferation, and migration compared with TiO2 MPs group and control group. Compared with control group (2.64 ± 0.09), the mean absorbance of the cells in 1 mg/ml TiO2 MPs group and 0.25 mg/ml TiO2 NPs group were significantly decreased to 1.93 ± 0.33 (p < .05) and 2.22 ± 0.18 (p < .01), respectively. The cytoskeleton disruption was found in TiO2 NPs group. The mRNA and protein expression were significantly downregulated by TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, both TiO2 NPs and MPs induced more adverse effects on HGFs in the presence of LPS. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that TiO2 NPs but not TiO2 MPs significantly disrupt the cytoskeletal organization and inhibited cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation of HGFs. However, in the presence of LPS, TiO2 MPs, and TiO2 NPs enhance these negative effects in HGFs. Titanium wear particles are probably involved in the initiation and progression of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenlong Lei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Shi
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yao L, Brice R, Shippy T. A Protein Composite Neural Scaffold Modulates Astrocyte Migration and Transcriptome Profile. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100406. [PMID: 35014754 PMCID: PMC9012687 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioscaffold implantation is a promising approach to facilitate the repair and regeneration of wounded neural tissue after injury to the spinal cord or peripheral nerves. However, such bioscaffold grafts currently result in only limited functional recovery. The generation of a neural scaffold using a combination of collagen and glutenin is reported. The conduit material and mechanical properties, as well as its effect on astrocyte behavior is tested. After neural injuries, astrocytes move into the lesion and participate in the process of remodeling the micro-architecture of the wounded neural tissue. In this study, human astrocytes grown on glutenin-collagen scaffolds show higher motility and a lower proliferation rate compared with those grown on collagen scaffolds. RNA sequencing reveals that astrocytes grown on the two types of scaffolds show differentially expressed genes in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways such as actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion that regulate astrocyte migration on scaffolds. The gene expression of aggrecan and versican, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans that inhibit axonal growth, is down-regulated in astrocytes grown on glutenin-collagen scaffolds. These outcomes indicate that the implantation of glutenin-collagen scaffolds may promote astrocyte function in the neural regeneration process by enhanced cell migration and reduced glial scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA
- KSU Bioinformatics Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Ryan Brice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA
- KSU Bioinformatics Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Teresa Shippy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA
- KSU Bioinformatics Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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23
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Mujammami M, Rafiullah M, Alfadda AA, Akkour K, Alanazi IO, Masood A, Musambil M, Alhalal H, Arafah M, Rahman AMA, Benabdelkamel H. Proteomic Analysis of Endometrial Cancer Tissues from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040491. [PMID: 35454982 PMCID: PMC9030544 DOI: 10.3390/life12040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common form of gynecological cancer. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of EC. Currently, no proteomic studies have investigated the role of diabetes in endometrial cancers from clinical samples. The present study aims to elucidate the molecular link between diabetes and EC using a proteomic approach. Endometrial tissue samples were obtained from age-matched patients (EC Diabetic and EC Non-Diabetic) during surgery. Untargeted proteomic analysis of the endometrial tissues was carried out using a two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF). A total of 53 proteins were identified, with a significant difference in abundance (analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, p ≤ 0.05; fold-change ≥ 1.5) between the two groups, among which 30 were upregulated and 23 downregulated in the EC Diabetic group compared to EC Non-Diabetic. The significantly upregulated proteins included peroxiredoxin-1, vinculin, endoplasmin, annexin A5, calreticulin, and serotransferrin. The significantly downregulated proteins were myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9, Retinol dehydrogenase 12, protein WWC3, intraflagellar transport protein 88 homolog, superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn], and retinal dehydrogenase 1. The network pathway was related to connective tissue disorder, developmental disorder, and hereditary disorder, with the identified proteins centered around dysregulation of ERK1/2 and F Actin signaling pathways. Cancer-associated protein alterations such as upregulation of peroxiredoxin-1, annexin 5, and iNOS, and downregulation of RDH12, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1, SOD1, and MYL 9, were found in the EC tissues of the diabetic group. Differential expression of proteins linked to cancer metastasis, such as the upregulation of vinculin and endoplasmin and downregulation of WWC3 and IFT88, was seen in the patients with diabetes. Calreticulin and alpha-enolase, which might have a role in the interplay between diabetes and EC, need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mujammami
- University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Rafiullah
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Assim A. Alfadda
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Khalid Akkour
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Ibrahim O. Alanazi
- The National Center for Biotechnology (NCB), Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohthash Musambil
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Hani Alhalal
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Maria Arafah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anas M. Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Center for Genome Medicine, Department of Clinical Genomics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Bachmann M, Skripka A, Weißenbruch K, Wehrle-Haller B, Bastmeyer M. Phosphorylated paxillin and phosphorylated FAK constitute subregions within focal adhesions. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275040. [PMID: 35343568 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesions are convergence points of multiple signaling pathways. Their inner structure and their diverse functions can be studied with super-resolution microscopy. Here, we examined the spatial organization within focal adhesion by analyzing several adhesion proteins with structured illumination microscopy (SIM). We found that phosphorylated paxillin (pPax) and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (pFAK) form spot-like, spatially defined clusters within adhesions in several cell lines and confirmed these findings with additional super-resolution techniques. These clusters showed a more regular separation from each other compared to more randomly distributed labels of general FAK or paxillin. Mutational analysis indicated that the active (open) FAK conformation is a prerequisite for the pattern formation of pFAK. Live-cell super-resolution imaging revealed that organization in clusters is preserved over time for FAK constructs; however, distance between clusters is dynamic for FAK, while paxillin is more stable. Combined, these data introduce spatial clusters of pPax and pFAK as substructures in adhesions and highlight the relevance of paxillin-FAK binding for establishing a regular substructure in focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department for Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Artiom Skripka
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kai Weißenbruch
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department for Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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25
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Rzeszotek S, Trybek G, Tarnowski M, Serwin K, Jaroń A, Schneider G, Kolasa A, Wiszniewska B. Colostrum-Induced Temporary Changes in the Expression of Proteins Regulating the Epithelial Barrier Function in the Intestine. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050685. [PMID: 35267318 PMCID: PMC8909690 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal wall and epithelial cells are interconnected by numerous intercellular junctions. Colostrum (Col), in its natural form, is a secretion of the mammary gland of mammals at the end of pregnancy and up to 72 h after birth. Recently, it has been used as a biologically active dietary supplement with a high content of lactoferrin (Lf). Lf, a glycoprotein with a broad spectrum of activity, is becoming more popular in health-promoting supplements. This study aims to investigate whether Col supplementation can affect small and large intestine morphology by modulating the expression of selected proteins involved in tissue integrity. We examined the thickness of the epithelium, and the length of the microvilli, and assessed the expression of CDH1, CDH2, CTNNB, CX43, VCL, OCLN, HP, MYH9, and ACTG2 gene levels using qRT-PCR and at the protein level using IHC. Additionally, to evaluate whether the effect of Col supplementation is temporary or persistent, we performed all analyses on tissues collected from animals receiving Col for 1, 3, or 6 months. We noticed a decrease in CDH1 and CDH2 expression, especially after 3 months of supplementation in the large intestine and in CTNNB in the small intestine as well as increased levels of CX43 and CTNNB1 in the small intestine. The present data indicate that Col can temporarily alter some components of the cell adhesion molecules involved in the formation of the cellular barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Rzeszotek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-663-861-490
| | - Grzegorz Trybek
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (G.T.); (A.J.)
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Karol Serwin
- Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Arkońska 4, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Jaroń
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (G.T.); (A.J.)
| | - Gabriela Schneider
- UofL Health-Brown Cancer Center and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (B.W.)
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26
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Gil-Redondo JC, Weber A, Zbiral B, Vivanco MDM, Toca-Herrera JL. Substrate stiffness modulates the viscoelastic properties of MCF-7 cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104979. [PMID: 34826769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense stiffness of surrounding tissues and adapt their activity, proliferation, motility and mechanical properties based on such interactions. Cells probe the stiffness of the substrate by anchoring and pulling to their surroundings, transmitting force to the extracellular matrix and other cells, and respond to the resistance they sense, mainly through changes in their cytoskeleton. Cancer and other diseases alter stiffness of tissues, and the response of cancer cells to this stiffness can also be affected. In the present study we show that MCF-7 breast cancer cells seeded on polyacrylamide gels have the ability to detect the stiffness of the substrate and alter their mechanical properties in response. MCF-7 cells plated on soft substrates display lower stiffness and viscosity when compared to those seeded on stiffer gels or glass. These differences can be associated with differences in the morphology and cytoskeleton organisation, since cells seeded on soft substrates have a round morphology, while cells seeded on stiffer substrates acquire a flat and spread morphology with formation of actin filaments, similar to that observed when seeded on glass. These findings show that MCF-7 cells can detect the stiffness of the surrounding microenvironment and thus, modify their mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Gil-Redondo
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Weber
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Barbara Zbiral
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria dM Vivanco
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC BioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - José L Toca-Herrera
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Legerstee K, Houtsmuller AB. A Layered View on Focal Adhesions. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111189. [PMID: 34827182 PMCID: PMC8614905 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibres within cells that provide structure and support intracellular transport. Focal adhesions are protein complexes associated with the outer cell membrane that are found at the ends of specialised actin fibres of this cytoskeleton. They mediate cell adhesion by connecting the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, a protein and sugar network that surrounds cells in tissues. Focal adhesions also translate forces on actin fibres into forces contributing to cell migration. Cell adhesion and migration are crucial to diverse biological processes such as embryonic development, proper functioning of the immune system or the metastasis of cancer cells. Advances in fluorescence microscopy and data analysis methods provided a more detailed understanding of the dynamic ways in which proteins bind and dissociate from focal adhesions and how they are organised within these protein complexes. In this review, we provide an overview of the advances in the current scientific understanding of focal adhesions and summarize relevant imaging techniques. One of the key insights is that focal adhesion proteins are organised into three layers parallel to the cell membrane. We discuss the relevance of this layered nature for the functioning of focal adhesion. Abstract The cytoskeleton provides structure to cells and supports intracellular transport. Actin fibres are crucial to both functions. Focal Adhesions (FAs) are large macromolecular multiprotein assemblies at the ends of specialised actin fibres linking these to the extracellular matrix. FAs translate forces on actin fibres into forces contributing to cell migration. This review will discuss recent insights into FA protein dynamics and their organisation within FAs, made possible by advances in fluorescence imaging techniques and data analysis methods. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated that FAs are composed of three layers parallel to the plasma membrane. We focus on some of the most frequently investigated proteins, two from each layer, paxillin and FAK (bottom, integrin signalling layer), vinculin and talin (middle, force transduction layer) and zyxin and VASP (top, actin regulatory layer). Finally, we discuss the potential impact of this layered nature on different aspects of FA behaviour.
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28
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Mierke CT. The Pertinent Role of Cell and Matrix Mechanics in Cell Adhesion and Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720494. [PMID: 34722504 PMCID: PMC8548417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Alcantara MC, Suzuki K, Acebedo AR, Sakamoto Y, Nishita M, Minami Y, Kikuchi A, Yamada G. Stage-dependent function of Wnt5a during male external genitalia development. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2021; 61:212-219. [PMID: 34255394 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
External genitalia development in mice involves multiple developmental processes under the regulation of various signaling pathways. Wnt5a, one of the major Wnt ligands, is a crucial developmental regulator of outgrowing organs such as the limb, the mandible, and the external genitalia. Defects in Wnt5a signaling have been linked to Robinow syndrome, a genetic disorder in which male patients manifest a micropenis and defective urethral tube formation. Whereas Wnt5a is required for cell proliferation during embryonic external genitalia outgrowth, its role for urethral tube formation has yet to be understood. Here, we show that Wnt5a contributes to urethral tube formation as well as external genitalia outgrowth. Wnt5a is expressed in the embryonic external genitalia mesenchyme, and mesenchymal-specific conditional Wnt5a knockout mice resulted in hypospadias-like urethral defects. Early deletion of Wnt5a at E10.5 showed severe defects in both external genitalia outgrowth and urethral tube formation, along with reduced cell proliferation. The severe urethral tube defect persisted during later timing deletion of Wnt5a (E13.5). Further analyses revealed that loss of Wnt5a disrupted cell polarity and led to a reduction of the phosphorylated myosin light chain and the focal adhesion protein, vinculin. Altogether, these results suggest that Wnt5a coordinates cell proliferation and directed cell migration in a stage-dependent manner during male external genitalia development. Furthermore, Wnt5a may regulate cell polarity, focal adhesion formation, and cell contractility, leading to directed cell migration during male-type urethral formation in a manner that has not been reported in other organ fusion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellissa C Alcantara
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Alvin R Acebedo
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Michiru Nishita
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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30
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Gurung S, Greening DW, Rai A, Poh QH, Evans J, Salamonsen LA. The proteomes of endometrial stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles following a decidualizing stimulus define the cells' potential for decidualization success. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6370708. [PMID: 34524461 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate endometrial stromal cell (ESC) decidualization is vital for endometrial health. Given the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in intercellular communication, we investigated how their protein landscape is reprogrammed and dysregulated during decidual response. Small EVs (sEVs) from human ESC-conditioned media at Day-2 and -14 following decidual stimuli were grouped as well- (WD) or poorly decidualized (PD) based on their prolactin secretion and subjected to mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. On Day 2, in PD- versus WD-ESC-sEVs, 17 sEV- proteins were down-regulated (C5, C6; complement/coagulation cascades, and SERPING1, HRG; platelet degranulation and fibrinolysis) and 39 up-regulated (FLNA, COL1A1; focal adhesion, ENO1, PKM; glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and RAP1B, MSN; leukocyte transendothelial migration). On Day 14, in PD- versus WD-ESC-sEVs, FLNA was down-regulated while 21 proteins were up-regulated involved in complement/coagulation cascades (C3, C6), platelet degranulation (SERPINA4, ITIH4), B-cell receptor signalling and innate immune response (immunoglobulins). Changes from Days 2 to 14 suggested a subsequent response in PD-ESC-sEVs with 89 differentially expressed proteins mostly involved in complement and coagulation cascades (C3, C6, C5), but no change in WD-ESC-sEVs ESC. Poor decidualization was also associated with loss of crucial sEV-proteins for cell adhesion and invasion (ITGA5, PFN1), glycolysis (ALDOA, PGK1) and cytoskeletal reorganization (VCL, RAC1). Overall, this study indicates varied ESC response even prior to decidualization and provides insight into sEVs-proteomes as a benchmark of well-decidualized ESC. It shows distinct variation in sEV-protein composition depending on the ESC decidual response that is critical for embryo implantation, enabling and limiting trophoblast invasion during placentation and sensing a healthy embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Gurung
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faulty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faulty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qi Hui Poh
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Jemma Evans
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Vilchez Larrea S, Valsecchi WM, Fernández Villamil SH, Lafon Hughes LI. First body of evidence suggesting a role of a tankyrase-binding motif (TBM) of vinculin (VCL) in epithelial cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11442. [PMID: 34123588 PMCID: PMC8164839 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherens junctions (AJ) are involved in cancer, infections and neurodegeneration. Still, their composition has not been completely disclosed. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) as a posttranslational modification. Four PARPs synthesize PAR, namely PARP-1/2 and Tankyrase-1/2 (TNKS). In the epithelial belt, AJ are accompanied by a PAR belt and a subcortical F-actin ring. F-actin depolymerization alters the AJ and PAR belts while PARP inhibitors prevent the assembly of the AJ belt and cortical actin. We wondered which PARP synthesizes the belt and which is the PARylation target protein. Vinculin (VCL) participates in the anchorage of F-actin to the AJ, regulating its functions, and colocalized with the PAR belt. TNKS has been formerly involved in the assembly of epithelial cell junctions. HYPOTHESIS TNKS poly(ADP-ribosylates) (PARylates) epithelial belt VCL, affecting its functions in AJ, including cell shape maintenance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tankyrase-binding motif (TBM) sequences in hVCL gene were identified and VCL sequences from various vertebrates, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans were aligned and compared. Plasma membrane-associated PAR was tested by immunocytofluorescence (ICF) and subcellular fractionation in Vero cells while TNKS role in this structure and cell junction assembly was evaluated using specific inhibitors. The identity of the PARylated proteins was tested by affinity precipitation with PAR-binding reagent followed by western blots. Finally, MCF-7 human breast cancer epithelial cells were subjected to transfection with Tol2-plasmids, carrying a dicistronic expression sequence including Gallus gallus wt VCL (Tol-2-GgVCL), or the same VCL gene with a point mutation in TBM-II (Tol2-GgVCL/*TBM) under the control of a β-actin promoter, plus green fluorescent protein following an internal ribosome entry site (IRES-GFP) to allow the identification of transfected cells without modifying the transfected protein of interest. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this work, some of the hypothesis predictions have been tested. We have demonstrated that: (1) VCL TBMs were conserved in vertebrate evolution while absent in C. elegans; (2) TNKS inhibitors disrupted the PAR belt synthesis, while PAR and an endogenous TNKS pool were associated to the plasma membrane; (3) a VCL pool was covalently PARylated; (4) transfection of MCF-7 cells leading to overexpression of Gg-VCL/*TBM induced mesenchymal-like cell shape changes. This last point deserves further investigation, bypassing the limits of our transient transfection and overexpression system. In fact, a 5th testable prediction would be that a single point mutation in VCL TBM-II under endogenous expression control would induce an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). To check this, a CRISPR/Cas9 substitution approach followed by migration, invasion, gene expression and chemo-resistance assays should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Vilchez Larrea
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr Héctor N. Torres”, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - Wanda Mariela Valsecchi
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, “Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini” (IQUIFIB) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia H. Fernández Villamil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr Héctor N. Torres”, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura I. Lafon Hughes
- Grupo de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte (CENUR), Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
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32
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Metastatic Esophageal Carcinoma Cells Exhibit Reduced Adhesion Strength and Enhanced Thermogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051213. [PMID: 34065626 PMCID: PMC8156073 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous improvements in multimodal therapeutic strategies, esophageal carcinoma maintains a high mortality rate. Metastases are a major life-limiting component; however, very little is known about why some tumors have high metastatic potential and others not. In this study, we investigated thermogenic activity and adhesion strength of primary tumor cells and corresponding metastatic cell lines derived from two patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. We hypothesized that the increased metastatic potential of the metastatic cell lines correlates with higher thermogenic activity and decreased adhesion strength. Our data show that patient-derived metastatic esophageal tumor cells have a higher thermogenic profile as well as a decreased adhesion strength compared to their corresponding primary tumor cells. Using two paired esophageal carcinoma cell lines of primary tumor and lymph nodes makes the data unique. Both higher specific thermogenesis profile and decreased adhesion strength are associated with a higher metastatic potential. They are in congruence with the clinical patient presentation. Understanding these functional, biophysical properties of patient derived esophageal carcinoma cell lines will enable us to gain further insight into the mechanisms of metastatic potential of primary tumors and metastases. Microcalorimetric evaluation will furthermore allow for rapid assessment of new treatment options for primary tumor and metastases aimed at decreasing the metastatic potential.
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Shrestha RL, Rossi A, Wangsa D, Hogan AK, Zaldana KS, Suva E, Chung YJ, Sanders CL, Difilippantonio S, Karpova TS, Karim B, Foltz DR, Fachinetti D, Aplan PD, Ried T, Basrai MA. CENP-A overexpression promotes aneuploidy with karyotypic heterogeneity. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211820. [PMID: 33620383 PMCID: PMC7905998 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of many cancers. Restricting the localization of centromeric histone H3 variant CENP-A to centromeres prevents CIN. CENP-A overexpression (OE) and mislocalization have been observed in cancers and correlate with poor prognosis; however, the molecular consequences of CENP-A OE on CIN and aneuploidy have not been defined. Here, we show that CENP-A OE leads to its mislocalization and CIN with lagging chromosomes and micronuclei in pseudodiploid DLD1 cells and xenograft mouse model. CIN is due to reduced localization of proteins to the kinetochore, resulting in defects in kinetochore integrity and unstable kinetochore–microtubule attachments. CENP-A OE contributes to reduced expression of cell adhesion genes and higher invasion of DLD1 cells. We show that CENP-A OE contributes to aneuploidy with karyotypic heterogeneity in human cells and xenograft mouse model. In summary, our results provide a molecular link between CENP-A OE and aneuploidy, and suggest that karyotypic heterogeneity may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of CENP-A–overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan L Shrestha
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Austin Rossi
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ann K Hogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kimberly S Zaldana
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Evelyn Suva
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yang Jo Chung
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chelsea L Sanders
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Tatiana S Karpova
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Baktiar Karim
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Daniel R Foltz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniele Fachinetti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, Paris, France
| | - Peter D Aplan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Munira A Basrai
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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34
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Jia Y, Wang Y, Niu L, Zhang H, Tian J, Gao D, Zhang X, Lu TJ, Qian J, Huang G, Xu F. The Plasticity of Nanofibrous Matrix Regulates Fibroblast Activation in Fibrosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001856. [PMID: 33511795 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural extracellular matrix (ECM) mostly has a fibrous structure that supports and mechanically interacts with local residing cells to guide their behaviors. The effect of ECM elasticity on cell behaviors has been extensively investigated, while less attention has been paid to the effect of matrix fiber-network plasticity at microscale, although plastic remodeling of fibrous matrix is a common phenomenon in fibrosis. Here, a significant decrease is found in plasticity of native fibrotic tissues, which is associated with an increase in matrix crosslinking. To explore the role of plasticity in fibrosis development, a set of 3D collagen nanofibrous matrix with constant modulus but tunable plasticity is constructed by adjusting the crosslinking degree. Using plasticity-controlled 3D culture models, it is demonstrated that the decrease of matrix plasticity promotes fibroblast activation and spreading. Further, a coarse-grained molecular dynamic model is developed to simulate the cell-matrix interaction at microscale. Combining with molecular experiments, it is revealed that the enhanced fibroblast activation is mediated through cytoskeletal tension and nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein. Taken together, the results clarify the effects of crosslinking-induced plasticity changes of nanofibrous matrix on the development of fibrotic diseases and highlight plasticity as an important mechanical cue in understanding cell-matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Lele Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Jin Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medical Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 P. R. China
- Nanjing Center for Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 21006 P. R. China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Engineering Mechanics Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics School of Civil Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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35
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Li H, Wang C, Lan L, Behrens A, Tomaschko M, Ruiz J, Su Q, Zhao G, Yuan C, Xiao X, Li B, Yan L, Wu W, Li W, Chen J, He Y, Zhang C. High expression of vinculin predicts poor prognosis and distant metastasis and associates with influencing tumor-associated NK cell infiltration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5197-5225. [PMID: 33535187 PMCID: PMC7950221 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epithelial cancer cells transdifferentiate into mesenchymal-like cells with high motility and aggressiveness, resulting in the spread of tumor cells. Immune cells and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment are the driving factors of EMT, but few studies have explored the core targets of the interaction between EMT and tumor immune cells. We analyzed thousands of cases of gastric cancer and gastric tissue specimens of TCGA, CPTAC, GTEx and analyzing QPCR and IHC data of 56 gastric cancer patients in SYSU Gastric Cancer Research Center. It was known that EMT has an important connection with the infiltration of NK cells, and that the expression of vinculin may be the target of the phenomenon. The increased expression of vinculin is closely related to the aggressiveness and distant metastasis of cancer, which affects the survival prognosis of the patient. Moreover, through in vitro experiments under 3D conditions, we found that vinculin, cell invasion and metastasis are clearly linked. VCL can affect EMT and tumor immunity by regulating EPCAM gene expression. The role and mechanism of action of vinculin have been controversial, but this molecule may downregulate EpCAM (epithelial cellular adhesion molecule) and its own role in gastric cancer through DNA methylation, causing NK cells to enrich into tumor cells and kill tumor cells. At the same time, it promotes the occurrence of EMT, which in turn causes tumor metastasis and thus poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafu Li
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Chunming Wang
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linxiang Lan
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mona Tomaschko
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Josue Ruiz
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Qiao Su
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangying Zhao
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xing Xiao
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Center of Scientific Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Li
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Center of Scientific Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leping Yan
- Center of Scientific Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Wu
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wuguo Li
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junzong Chen
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulong He
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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36
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Shellard A, Mayor R. Durotaxis: The Hard Path from In Vitro to In Vivo. Dev Cell 2020; 56:227-239. [PMID: 33290722 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Durotaxis, the process by which cells follow gradients of extracellular mechanical stiffness, has been proposed as a mechanism driving directed migration. Despite the lack of evidence for its existence in vivo, durotaxis has become an active field of research, focusing on the mechanism by which cells respond to mechanical stimuli from the environment. In this review, we describe the technical and conceptual advances in the study of durotaxis in vitro, discuss to what extent the evidence suggests durotaxis may occur in vivo, and emphasize the urgent need for in vivo demonstration of durotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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37
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High-Force Magnetic Tweezers with Hysteresis-Free Force Feedback. Biophys J 2020; 119:15-23. [PMID: 32544387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic tweezers based on a solenoid with an iron alloy core are widely used to apply large forces (∼100 nN) onto micron-sized (∼5 μm) superparamagnetic particles for mechanical manipulation or microrheological measurements at the cellular and molecular level. The precision of magnetic tweezers, however, is limited by the magnetic hysteresis of the core material, especially for time-varying force protocols. Here, we eliminate magnetic hysteresis by a feedback control of the magnetic induction, which we measure with a Hall sensor mounted to the distal end of the solenoid core. We find that the generated force depends on the induction according to a power-law relationship and on the bead-tip distance according to a stretched exponential relationship. Combined, they describe with only three parameters the induction-force-distance relationship, enabling accurate force calibration and force feedback. We apply our method to measure the force dependence of the viscoelastic and plastic properties of fibroblasts using a protocol with stepwise increasing and decreasing forces. We group the measured cells in a soft and a stiff cohort and find that softer cells show an increasing stiffness but decreasing plasticity with higher forces, indicating a pronounced stress stiffening of the cytoskeleton. By contrast, stiffer cells show no stress stiffening but an increasing plasticity with higher forces. These findings indicate profound differences between soft and stiff cells regarding their protection mechanisms against external mechanical stress. In summary, our method increases the precision, simplifies the handling, and extends the applicability of magnetic tweezers.
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38
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Bachmann M, Schäfer M, Mykuliak VV, Ripamonti M, Heiser L, Weißenbruch K, Krübel S, Franz CM, Hytönen VP, Wehrle-Haller B, Bastmeyer M. Induction of ligand promiscuity of αVβ3 integrin by mechanical force. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs242404. [PMID: 32193334 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
αVβ3 integrin can bind to multiple extracellular matrix proteins, including vitronectin (Vn) and fibronectin (Fn), which are often presented to cells in culture as homogenous substrates. However, in tissues, cells experience highly complex and changing environments. To better understand integrin ligand selection in such complex environments, we employed binary-choice substrates of Fn and Vn to dissect αVβ3 integrin-mediated binding to different ligands on the subcellular scale. Super-resolution imaging revealed that αVβ3 integrin preferred binding to Vn under various conditions. In contrast, binding to Fn required higher mechanical load on αVβ3 integrin. Integrin mutations, structural analysis and chemical inhibition experiments indicated that the degree of hybrid domain swing-out is relevant for the selection between Fn and Vn; only a force-mediated, full hybrid domain swing-out facilitated αVβ3-Fn binding. Thus, force-dependent conformational changes in αVβ3 integrin increased the diversity of available ligands for binding and therefore enhanced the ligand promiscuity of this integrin.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schäfer
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Vasyl V Mykuliak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Marta Ripamonti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Lia Heiser
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Kai Weißenbruch
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Sarah Krübel
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Clemens M Franz
- DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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39
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Tan SJ, Chang AC, Anderson SM, Miller CM, Prahl LS, Odde DJ, Dunn AR. Regulation and dynamics of force transmission at individual cell-matrix adhesion bonds. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax0317. [PMID: 32440534 PMCID: PMC7228748 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-based adhesion complexes link the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are central to the construction of multicellular animal tissues. How biological function emerges from the tens to thousands of proteins present within a single adhesion complex remains unclear. We used fluorescent molecular tension sensors to visualize force transmission by individual integrins in living cells. These measurements revealed an underlying functional modularity in which integrin class controlled adhesion size and ECM ligand specificity, while the number and type of connections between integrins and F-actin determined the force per individual integrin. In addition, we found that most integrins existed in a state of near-mechanical equilibrium, a result not predicted by existing models of cytoskeletal force transduction. A revised model that includes reversible cross-links within the F-actin network can account for this result and suggests one means by which cellular mechanical homeostasis can arise at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alice C. Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah M. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physical Sciences–Oncology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cayla M. Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Louis S. Prahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physical Sciences–Oncology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David J. Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physical Sciences–Oncology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexander R. Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding author.
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40
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Beri P, Popravko A, Yeoman B, Kumar A, Chen K, Hodzic E, Chiang A, Banisadr A, Placone JK, Carter H, Fraley SI, Katira P, Engler AJ. Cell Adhesiveness Serves as a Biophysical Marker for Metastatic Potential. Cancer Res 2019; 80:901-911. [PMID: 31857292 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are heterogeneous and composed of cells with different dissemination abilities. Despite significant effort, there is no universal biological marker that serves as a metric for metastatic potential of solid tumors. Common to disseminating cells from such tumors, however, is the need to modulate their adhesion as they detach from the tumor and migrate through stroma to intravasate. Adhesion strength is heterogeneous even among cancer cells within a given population, and using a parallel plate flow chamber, we separated and sorted these populations into weakly and strongly adherent groups; when cultured under stromal conditions, this adhesion phenotype was stable over multiple days, sorting cycles, and common across all epithelial tumor lines investigated. Weakly adherent cells displayed increased migration in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional migration assays; this was maintained for several days in culture. Subpopulations did not show differences in expression of proteins involved in the focal adhesion complex but did exhibit intrinsic focal adhesion assembly as well as contractile differences that resulted from differential expression of genes involved in microtubules, cytoskeleton linkages, and motor activity. In human breast tumors, expression of genes associated with the weakly adherent population resulted in worse progression-free and disease-free intervals. These data suggest that adhesion strength could potentially serve as a stable marker for migration and metastatic potential within a given tumor population and that the fraction of weakly adherent cells present within a tumor could act as a physical marker for metastatic potential. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer cells exhibit heterogeneity in adhesivity, which can be used to predict metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjali Beri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Anna Popravko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Benjamin Yeoman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Enio Hodzic
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alyssa Chiang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Afsheen Banisadr
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jesse K Placone
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hannah Carter
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephanie I Fraley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Parag Katira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
- Computational Sciences Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
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41
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Paddillaya N, Mishra A, Kondaiah P, Pullarkat P, Menon GI, Gundiah N. Biophysics of Cell-Substrate Interactions Under Shear. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:251. [PMID: 31781558 PMCID: PMC6857480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adhere to substrates through mechanosensitive focal adhesion complexes. Measurements that probe how cells detach from substrates when they experience an applied force connect molecular-scale aspects of cell adhesion with the biophysical properties of adherent cells. Such forces can be applied through shear devices that flow fluid in a controlled manner across cells. The signaling pathways associated with focal adhesions, in particular those that involve integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases, are complex, receiving mechano-chemical feedback from the sensing of substrate stiffness as well as of external forces. This article reviews the signaling processes involved in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction during cell-substrate interactions, describing the role such signaling plays in cancer metastasis. We examine some recent progress in quantifying the strength of these interactions, describing a novel fluid shear device that allows for the visualization of the cell and its sub-cellular structures under a shear flow. We also summarize related results from a biophysical model for cellular de-adhesion induced by applied forces. Quantifying cell-substrate adhesions under shear should aid in the development of mechano-diagnostic techniques for diseases in which cell-adhesion is mis-regulated, such as cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Paddillaya
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashish Mishra
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pramod Pullarkat
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Gautam I Menon
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Physics, Ashoka University, Sonepat, India
| | - Namrata Gundiah
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Characterization of 3D matrix conditions for cancer cell migration with elasticity/porosity-independent tunable microfiber gels. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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43
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Mierke CT. The Role of the Optical Stretcher Is Crucial in the Investigation of Cell Mechanics Regulating Cell Adhesion and Motility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:184. [PMID: 31552247 PMCID: PMC6736998 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells, tissues, and the surrounding extracellular matrix environment play important roles in the process of cell adhesion and migration. In physiological and pathological processes of the cells, such as wound healing and cancer, the capacity to migrate through the extracellular matrix is crucial. Hence biophysical techniques were used to determine the mechanical properties of cells that facilitate the various migratory capacities. Since the field of mechanobiology is rapidly growing, the reliable and reproducible characterization of cell mechanics is required that facilitates the adhesion and migration of cells. One of these cell mechanical techniques is the optical stretching device, which was originally developed to investigate the mechanical properties of cells, such as the deformation of single cells in suspension. After discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the technology, the latest findings in optical stretching-based cell mechanics are presented in this review. Finally, the mechanical properties of cells are correlated with their migratory potential and it is pointed out how the inhibition of biomolecules that contribute to the to the maintenance of cytoskeletal structures in cells affect their mechanical deformability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Lee HT, Sharek L, O’Brien ET, Urbina FL, Gupton SL, Superfine R, Burridge K, Campbell SL. Vinculin and metavinculin exhibit distinct effects on focal adhesion properties, cell migration, and mechanotransduction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221962. [PMID: 31483833 PMCID: PMC6726196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin (Vcn) is a ubiquitously expressed cytoskeletal protein that links transmembrane receptors to actin filaments, and plays a key role in regulating cell adhesion, motility, and force transmission. Metavinculin (MVcn) is a Vcn splice isoform that contains an additional exon encoding a 68-residue insert within the actin binding tail domain. MVcn is selectively expressed at sub-stoichiometic amounts relative to Vcn in smooth and cardiac muscle cells. Mutations in the MVcn insert are linked to various cardiomyopathies. In vitro analysis has previously shown that while both proteins can engage filamentous (F)-actin, only Vcn can promote F-actin bundling. Moreover, we and others have shown that MVcn can negatively regulate Vcn-mediated F-actin bundling in vitro. To investigate functional differences between MVcn and Vcn, we stably expressed either Vcn or MVcn in Vcn-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. While both MVcn and Vcn were observed at FAs, MVcn-expressing cells had larger but fewer focal adhesions per cell compared to Vcn-expressing cells. MVcn-expressing cells migrated faster and exhibited greater persistence compared to Vcn-expressing cells, even though Vcn-containing FAs assembled and disassembled faster. Magnetic tweezer measurements on Vcn-expressing cells show a typical cell stiffening phenotype in response to externally applied force; however, this was absent in Vcn-null and MVcn-expressing cells. Our findings that MVcn expression leads to larger but fewer FAs per cell, in conjunction with the inability of MVcn to bundle F-actin in vitro and rescue the cell stiffening response, are consistent with our previous findings of actin bundling deficient Vcn variants, suggesting that deficient actin-bundling may account for some of the differences between Vcn and MVcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunna T. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Sharek
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - E. Timothy O’Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Fabio L. Urbina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L. Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sharon L. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Ashaie MA, Islam RA, Kamaruzman NI, Ibnat N, Tha KK, Chowdhury EH. Targeting Cell Adhesion Molecules via Carbonate Apatite-Mediated Delivery of Specific siRNAs to Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070309. [PMID: 31269666 PMCID: PMC6680929 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While several treatment strategies are applied to cure breast cancer, it still remains one of the leading causes of female deaths worldwide. Since chemotherapeutic drugs have severe side effects and are responsible for development of drug resistance in cancer cells, gene therapy is now considered as one of the promising options to address the current treatment limitations. Identification of the over-expressed genes accounting for constitutive activation of certain pathways, and their subsequent knockdown with specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), could be a powerful tool in inhibiting proliferation and survival of cancer cells. In this study, we delivered siRNAs against mRNA transcripts of over-regulated cell adhesion molecules such as catenin alpha 1 (CTNNA1), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), talin-1 (TLN1), vinculin (VCL), paxillin (PXN), and actinin-1 (ACTN1) in human (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and murine (4T1) cell lines as well as in the murine female Balb/c mice model. In order to overcome the barriers of cell permeability and nuclease-mediated degradation, the pH-sensitive carbonate apatite (CA) nanocarrier was used as a delivery vehicle. While targeting CTNNA1, CTNNB1, TLN1, VCL, PXN, and ACTN1 resulted in a reduction of cell viability in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, delivery of all these siRNAs via carbonate apatite (CA) nanoparticles successfully reduced the cell viability in 4T1 cells. In 4T1 cells, delivery of CTNNA1, CTNNB1, TLN1, VCL, PXN, and ACTN1 siRNAs with CA caused significant reduction in phosphorylated and total AKT levels. Furthermore, reduced band intensity was observed for phosphorylated and total MAPK upon transfection of 4T1 cells with CTNNA1, CTNNB1, and VCL siRNAs. Intravenous delivery of CTNNA1 siRNA with CA nanoparticles significantly reduced tumor volume in the initial phase of the study, while siRNAs targeting CTNNB1, TLN1, VCL, PXN, and ACTN1 genes significantly decreased the tumor burden at all time points. The tumor weights at the end of the treatments were also notably smaller compared to CA. This successfully demonstrates that targeting these dysregulated genes via RNAi and by using a suitable delivery vehicle such as CA could serve as a promising therapeutic treatment modality for breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeirah Afzal Ashaie
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rowshan Ara Islam
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izyani Kamaruzman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Ibnat
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kyi Kyi Tha
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Health & Wellbeing Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
- Health & Wellbeing Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
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46
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Kunschmann T, Puder S, Fischer T, Steffen A, Rottner K, Mierke CT. The Small GTPase Rac1 Increases Cell Surface Stiffness and Enhances 3D Migration Into Extracellular Matrices. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7675. [PMID: 31118438 PMCID: PMC6531482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane ruffling and lamellipodia formation promote the motility of adherent cells in two-dimensional motility assays by mechano-sensing of the microenvironment and initiation of focal adhesions towards their surroundings. Lamellipodium formation is stimulated by small Rho GTPases of the Rac subfamily, since genetic removal of these GTPases abolishes lamellipodium assembly. The relevance of lamellipodial or invadopodial structures for facilitating cellular mechanics and 3D cell motility is still unclear. Here, we hypothesized that Rac1 affects cell mechanics and facilitates 3D invasion. Thus, we explored whether fibroblasts that are genetically deficient for Rac1 (lacking Rac2 and Rac3) harbor altered mechanical properties, such as cellular deformability, intercellular adhesion forces and force exertion, and exhibit alterations in 3D motility. Rac1 knockout and control cells were analyzed for changes in deformability by applying an external force using an optical stretcher. Five Rac1 knockout cell lines were pronouncedly more deformable than Rac1 control cells upon stress application. Using AFM, we found that cell-cell adhesion forces are increased in Rac1 knockout compared to Rac1-expressing fibroblasts. Since mechanical deformability, cell-cell adhesion strength and 3D motility may be functionally connected, we investigated whether increased deformability of Rac1 knockout cells correlates with changes in 3D motility. All five Rac1 knockout clones displayed much lower 3D motility than Rac1-expressing controls. Moreover, force exertion was reduced in Rac1 knockout cells, as assessed by 3D fiber displacement analysis. Interference with cellular stiffness through blocking of actin polymerization by Latrunculin A could not further reduce invasion of Rac1 knockout cells. In contrast, Rac1-expressing controls treated with Latrunculin A were again more deformable and less invasive, suggesting actin polymerization is a major determinant of observed Rac1-dependent effects. Together, we propose that regulation of 3D motility by Rac1 partly involves cellular mechanics such as deformability and exertion of forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kunschmann
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Linnestr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Puder
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Linnestr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tony Fischer
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Linnestr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anika Steffen
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Tanja Mierke
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Linnestr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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47
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Proietti S, Cucina A, Pensotti A, Biava PM, Minini M, Monti N, Catizone A, Ricci G, Leonetti E, Harrath AH, Alwasel SH, Bizzarri M. Active Fraction from Embryo Fish Extracts Induces Reversion of the Malignant Invasive Phenotype in Breast Cancer through Down-regulation of TCTP and Modulation of E-cadherin/β-catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2151. [PMID: 31052313 PMCID: PMC6539734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Some yet unidentified factors released by both oocyte and embryonic microenvironments demonstrated to be non-permissive for tumor development and display the remarkable ability to foster cell/tissue reprogramming, thus ultimately reversing the malignant phenotype. In the present study we observed how molecular factors extracted from Zebrafish embryos during specific developmental phases (20 somites) significantly antagonize proliferation of breast cancer cells, while reversing a number of prominent aspects of malignancy. Embryo extracts reduce cell proliferation, enhance apoptosis, and dramatically inhibit both invasiveness and migrating capabilities of cancer cells. Counteracting the invasive phenotype is a relevant issue in controlling tumor spreading and metastasis. Moreover, such effect is not limited to cancerous cells as embryo extracts were also effective in inhibiting migration and invasiveness displayed by normal breast cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition upon TGF-β1 stimulation. The reversion program involves the modulation of E-cadherin/β-catenin pathway, cytoskeleton remodeling with dramatic reduction in vinculin, as well as downregulation of TCTP and the concomitant increase in p53 levels. Our findings highlight that-contrary to the prevailing current "dogma", which posits that neoplastic cells are irreversibly "committed"-the malignant phenotype can ultimately be "reversed", at least partially, in response to environmental morphogenetic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Proietti
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Pier Mario Biava
- Scientific Institute of Research and Health Care (IRCCS) Multimedica, 20099 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mirko Minini
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Noemi Monti
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department. of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Erica Leonetti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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48
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Rheinlaender J, Schäffer TE. Mapping the creep compliance of living cells with scanning ion conductance microscopy reveals a subcellular correlation between stiffness and fluidity. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6982-6989. [PMID: 30916074 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09428d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Living cells exhibit complex material properties, which play a crucial role in many aspects of cell function in health and disease, including migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Various techniques exist to probe the viscoelastic material properties of living cells and a frequent observation is a cell-to-cell correlation between average stiffness and fluidity in populations of cells. However, the origin of this correlation is still under discussion. Here, we introduce an imaging technique based on the scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) to measure the creep compliance of soft samples, which allowed us to generate images of viscoelastic material properties of living cells with high spatial and temporal resolution. We observe a strong subcellular correlation between the local stiffness and fluidity across the individual living cell: stiff regions exhibit lower fluidity while soft regions exhibit higher fluidity. We find that this subcellular correlation is identical to the previously observed cell-to-cell correlation. The subcellular correlation reversibly vanishes after drug-induced disruption of the cytoskeleton, indicating that the subcellular correlation is a property of the intact cytoskeleton of the living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rheinlaender
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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49
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Rothenberg KE, Scott DW, Christoforou N, Hoffman BD. Vinculin Force-Sensitive Dynamics at Focal Adhesions Enable Effective Directed Cell Migration. Biophys J 2019; 114:1680-1694. [PMID: 29642037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a complex process, requiring coordination of many subcellular processes including membrane protrusion, adhesion, and contractility. For efficient cell migration, cells must concurrently control both transmission of large forces through adhesion structures and translocation of the cell body via adhesion turnover. Although mechanical regulation of protein dynamics has been proposed to play a major role in force transmission during cell migration, the key proteins and their exact roles are not completely understood. Vinculin is an adhesion protein that mediates force-sensitive processes, such as adhesion assembly under cytoskeletal load. Here, we elucidate the mechanical regulation of vinculin dynamics. Specifically, we paired measurements of vinculin loads using a Förster resonance energy transfer-based tension sensor and vinculin dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to measure force-sensitive protein dynamics in living cells. We find that vinculin adopts a variety of mechanical states at adhesions, and the relationship between vinculin load and vinculin dynamics can be altered by the inhibition of vinculin binding to talin or actin or reduction of cytoskeletal contractility. Furthermore, the force-stabilized state of vinculin required for the stabilization of membrane protrusions is unnecessary for random migration, but is required for directional migration along a substrate-bound cue. These data show that the force-sensitive dynamics of vinculin impact force transmission and enable the mechanical integration of subcellular processes. These results suggest that the regulation of force-sensitive protein dynamics may have an underappreciated role in many cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David W Scott
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC Chapel, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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50
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Hlavac N, VandeVord PJ. Astrocyte Mechano-Activation by High-Rate Overpressure Involves Alterations in Structural and Junctional Proteins. Front Neurol 2019; 10:99. [PMID: 30853931 PMCID: PMC6395392 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary blast neurotrauma represents a unique injury paradigm characterized by high-rate overpressure effects on brain tissue. One major hallmark of blast neurotrauma is glial reactivity, notably prolonged astrocyte activation. This cellular response has been mainly defined in primary blast neurotrauma by increased intermediate filament expression. Because the intermediate filament networks physically interface with transmembrane proteins for junctional support, it was hypothesized that cell junction regulation is altered in the reactive phenotype as well. This would have implications for downstream transcriptional regulation via signal transduction pathways like nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Therefore, a custom high-rate overpressure simulator was built for in vitro testing using mechanical conditions based on intracranial pressure measurements in a rat model of blast neurotrauma. Primary rat astrocytes were exposed to isolated high-rate mechanical stimulation to study cell junction dynamics in relation to their mechano-activation. First, a time course for "classical" features of reactivity was devised by evaluation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. This was followed by gene and protein expression for both gap junction (connexins) and anchoring junction proteins (integrins and cadherins). Signal transduction analysis was carried out by nuclear localization of two molecules, NF-κB p65 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38. Results indicated significant increases in connexin-43 expression and PCNA first at 24 h post-overpressure (p < 0.05), followed by structural reactivity (via increased GFAP, p < 0.05) corresponding to increased anchoring junction dynamics at 48 h post-overpressure (p < 0.05). Moreover, increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was observed in addition to increased nuclear localization of both p65 and p38 (p < 0.05) during the period of structural reactivity. To evaluate the transcriptional activity of p65 in the nucleus, electrophoretic mobility shift assay was conducted for a binding site on the promoter region for intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an antagonist of tight junctions. A significant increase in the interaction of nuclear proteins with the NF-κB site on the ICAM-1 corresponded to increased gene and protein expression of ICAM-1 (p < 0.05). Altogether, these results indicate multiple targets and corresponding signaling pathways which involve cell junction dynamics in the mechano-activation of astrocytes following high-rate overpressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hlavac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Pamela J VandeVord
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Research, Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, VA, United States
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