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Zhu W, Li Q, Peng M, Yang C, Chen X, Feng P, Liu Q, Zhang B, Zeng D, Zhao Y. Biochemical indicators, cell apoptosis, and metabolomic analyses of the low-temperature stress response and cold tolerance mechanisms in Litopenaeus vannamei. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15242. [PMID: 38956131 PMCID: PMC11219869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The cold tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei is important for breeding in specific areas. To explore the cold tolerance mechanism of L. vannamei, this study analyzed biochemical indicators, cell apoptosis, and metabolomic responses in cold-tolerant (Lv-T) and common (Lv-C) L. vannamei under low-temperature stress (18 °C and 10 °C). TUNEL analysis showed a significant increase in apoptosis of hepatopancreatic duct cells in L. vannamei under low-temperature stress. Biochemical analysis showed that Lv-T had significantly increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and triglycerides (TG), while alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-L), and uric acid (UA) levels were significantly decreased compared to Lv-C (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis displayed significant increases in metabolites such as LysoPC (P-16:0), 11beta-Hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid, and Pirbuterol, while metabolites such as 4-Hydroxystachydrine, Oxolan-3-one, and 3-Methyldioxyindole were significantly decreased in Lv-T compared to Lv-C. The differentially regulated metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways such as Protein digestion and absorption, Central carbon metabolism in cancer and ABC transporters. Our study indicate that low temperature induces damage to the hepatopancreatic duct of shrimp, thereby affecting its metabolic function. The cold resistance mechanism of Lv-T L. vannamei may be due to the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qiangyong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Min Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chunling Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Pengfei Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Digang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China.
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2
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Keselj IM, Bozic FN, Vucinic MM, Lalosevic D, Kostic TS, Andric SA. Transcriptional Profiles of Mitochondrial Dynamics Markers Are Disturbed in Adrenal Glands of Stressed Adult Male Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1457. [PMID: 37511832 PMCID: PMC10381216 DOI: 10.3390/life13071457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics plays a significant role in shaping the mitochondrial network and maintaining mitochondrial function. Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics can cause mitochondrial dysfunction leading to a wide range of diseases/disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of mitochondrial dynamics markers and regulatory molecules in whole adrenal glands, cortices, and medullae obtained from adult male rats exposed to acute and repeated psychophysical stress, the most common stress in human society. The transcriptional profiles of most of the mitochondrial dynamics markers investigated here were altered: 81%-(17/21) in the whole adrenal gland, 76.2%-(16/21) in the adrenal cortex, and 85.7%-(18/21) in the adrenal medulla. Changes were evident in representatives of every process of mitochondrial dynamics. Markers of mitobiogenesis were changed up to 62.5%-(5/8) in the whole adrenal gland, 62.5%-(5/8) in the adrenal cortex, and 87.5%-(7/8) in the adrenal medulla. Markers of mitofusion were changed up to 100%-(3/3) in the whole adrenal gland, 66.7%-(5/8) in the adrenal cortex, and 87.5%-(7/8) in the adrenal medulla, while all markers of mitofission and mitophagy were changed in the adrenal glands. Moreover, almost all markers of mitochondrial functionality were changed: 83.3%-(5/6) in the whole adrenal, 83.3%-(5/6) in the cortex, 66.7%-(4/6) in the medulla. Accordingly, the study highlights the significant impact of acute and repeated stress on mitochondrial dynamics in the adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora M Keselj
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging, CeRES, DBE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Filip N Bozic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging, CeRES, DBE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miodrag M Vucinic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging, CeRES, DBE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dusan Lalosevic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana S Kostic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging, CeRES, DBE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Silvana A Andric
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging, CeRES, DBE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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3
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Terashima R, Saigo T, Laoharatchatathanin T, Kurusu S, Brachvogel B, Pöschl E, Kawaminami M. Augmentation of Nr4a3 and Suppression of Fshb Expression in the Pituitary Gland of Female Annexin A5 Null Mouse. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa096. [PMID: 32864544 PMCID: PMC7448937 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GnRH enhances the expression of annexin A5 (ANXA5) in pituitary gonadotropes, and ANXA5 enhances gonadotropin secretion. However, the impact of ANXA5 regulation on the expression of pituitary hormone genes remains unclear. Here, using quantitative PCR, we demonstrated that ANXA5 deficiency in female mice reduced the expression of Fshb and Gh in their pituitary glands. Transcriptome analysis confirmed a specific increase in Nr4a3 mRNA expression in addition to lower levels of Fshb expression in ANXA5-deficient female pituitary glands. This gene was then found to be a GnRH-inducible immediate early gene, and its increased expression caused protein to accumulate in the nucleus after administration of a GnRH agonist in LβT2 cells, which are an in vitro pituitary gonadotrope model. The increase in ANXA5 protein levels in LβT2 cells clearly suppressed Nr4a3 expression. siRNA-mediated inhibition of Nr4a3 expression increased Fshb expression. The results revealed that GnRH stimulates Nr4a3 and Anxa5 sequentially. NR4A3 suppression of Fshb may be necessary for later massive secretion of FSH by GnRH in gonadotropes, and Nr4a3 would be negatively regulated by ANXA5 to increase FSH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Terashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Saigo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Titaree Laoharatchatathanin
- Clinic for Small Domestic Animals and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shiro Kurusu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Experimental Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ernst Pöschl
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Mitsumori Kawaminami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
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4
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Dangi B, Oh T. Bacterial
CYP
154C8 catalyzes carbon‐carbon bond cleavage in steroids. FEBS Lett 2018; 593:67-79. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Dangi
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering SunMoon University Asan‐si Korea
| | - Tae‐Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering SunMoon University Asan‐si Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology SunMoon University Asan‐si Korea
- Genome‐based BioIT Convergence Institute Asan‐si Korea
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Cox CS, McKay SE, Holmbeck MA, Christian BE, Scortea AC, Tsay AJ, Newman LE, Shadel GS. Mitohormesis in Mice via Sustained Basal Activation of Mitochondrial and Antioxidant Signaling. Cell Metab 2018; 28:776-786.e5. [PMID: 30122556 PMCID: PMC6221994 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transient mitochondrial stress can promote beneficial physiological responses and longevity, termed "mitohormesis." To interrogate mitohormetic pathways in mammals, we generated mice in which mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) can be knocked down in an inducible and reversible manner (iSOD2-KD mice). Depleting SOD2 only during embryonic development did not cause post-natal lethality, allowing us to probe adaptive responses to mitochondrial oxidant stress in adult mice. Liver from adapted mice had increased mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant gene expression and fewer reactive oxygen species. Gene expression analysis implicated non-canonical activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant and PPARγ/PGC-1α mitochondrial signaling pathways in this response. Transient SOD2 knockdown in embryonic fibroblasts from iSOD2-KD mice also resulted in adaptive mitochondrial changes, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and resistance to a subsequent oxidant challenge. We propose that mitohormesis in response to mitochondrial oxidative stress in mice involves sustained activation of mitochondrial and antioxidant signaling pathways to establish a heightened basal antioxidant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S Cox
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sharen E McKay
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale School of Nursing, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marissa A Holmbeck
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Brooke E Christian
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Andrew C Scortea
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Annie J Tsay
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Laura E Newman
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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6
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Beyoğlu D, Zhou Y, Chen C, Idle JR. Mass isotopomer-guided decluttering of metabolomic data to visualize endogenous biomarkers of drug toxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:491-500. [PMID: 30243960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics offers the opportunity to uncover endogenous biomarkers that can lead to metabolic pathways and networks and that underpin drug toxicity mechanisms. A novel protocol is presented and discussed that is applicable to drugs which generate urinary metabolites when administered to mice sensitive to its toxicity. The protocol would not apply to drugs that are not metabolized or eliminated by a different route. Separate stable isotope-labeled and unlabeled drug administration to mice is made together with collection of urines from control animals. Untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis of these three urine groups is conducted in addition to principal components analysis (PCA). In the case of unlabeled acetaminophen and [acetyl-2H3]acetaminophen, each given at a hepatotoxic dose (400 mg/kg i.p.) to the sensitive mouse strain (wild-type 129), the PCA loadings plot showed a distribution of ions in the shape of a "fallen-Y" with the deuterated metabolites in one arm and the paired nondeuterated metabolites in the other arm of the fallen-Y. Ions corresponding to the endogenous toxicity biomarkers sat in the mouth of the fallen-Y. This protocol represents an innovative means to separate endogenous biomarkers from drug metabolites, thereby aiding the identification of biomarkers of drug toxicity. For acetaminophen, increased hepatic oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, Ca2+ signaling, heme catabolism, and saturation of glucuronidation, together with decreased fatty acid β-oxidation and cellular energy dysregulation were all implied from the discovered biomarkers. The protocol can be applied to other drugs and may now be translated to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diren Beyoğlu
- Arthur G. Zupko's Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Samuel J. and Joan B. Williamson Institute, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Yuyin Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- Arthur G. Zupko's Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Samuel J. and Joan B. Williamson Institute, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
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7
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Side chain removal from corticosteroids by unspecific peroxygenase. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 183:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Li X, Stanislaus S, Asuncion F, Niu QT, Chinookoswong N, Villasenor K, Wang J, Wong P, Boyce R, Dwyer D, Han CY, Chen MM, Liu B, Stolina M, Ke HZ, Ominsky MS, Véniant MM, Xu J. FGF21 Is Not a Major Mediator for Bone Homeostasis or Metabolic Actions of PPARα and PPARγ Agonists. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:834-845. [PMID: 27505721 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Results of prior studies suggest that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) may be involved in bone turnover and in the actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ in mice. We have conducted independent studies to examine the effects of FGF21 on bone homeostasis and the role of FGF21 in PPARα and γ actions. High-fat-diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice were administered vehicle or recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21) intraperitoneally at 0 (vehicle), 0.1, 1, and 3 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks. Additional groups of DIO mice received water or 10 mg/kg rosiglitazone daily. Mice treated with rhFGF21 or rosiglitazone showed expected metabolic improvements in glucose, insulin, and lipid levels. However, bone loss was not detected in rhFGF21-treated mice by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), micro-CT, and histomorphometric analyses. Mineral apposition rate, a key bone formation parameter, was unchanged by rhFGF21, while significantly decreased by rosiglitazone in DIO mice. Bone resorption markers, OPG/RANKL mRNA expression, and histological bone resorption indices were unchanged by rhFGF21 or rosiglitazone. Bone marrow fat was unchanged by rhFGF21, while increased by rosiglitazone. Furthermore, FGF21 knockout mice did not show high bone mass phenotype. Treatment with PPARα or PPARγ agonists caused similar metabolic effects in FGF21 knockout and wild-type mice. These results contrast with previous findings and suggest that FGF21 is not critical for bone homeostasis or actions of PPARα and PPARγ. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Shanaka Stanislaus
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Frank Asuncion
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Qing-Tian Niu
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Kelly Villasenor
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Philip Wong
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Rogely Boyce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Denise Dwyer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Ya Han
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Michelle M Chen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Benxian Liu
- Department of Inflammation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Marina Stolina
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Hua Zhu Ke
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Ominsky
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Murielle M Véniant
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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9
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Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1), a member of CYP superfamily, is expressed in liver and extrahepatic tissues carries out the metabolism of numerous xenobiotics, including metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Surprisingly, CYP1B1 was also shown to be important in regulating endogenous metabolic pathways, including the metabolism of steroid hormones, fatty acids, melatonin, and vitamins. CYP1B1 and nuclear receptors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), estrogen receptor (ER), and retinoic acid receptors (RAR) contribute to the maintenance of the homeostasis of these endogenous compounds. Many natural flavonoids and synthetic stilbenes show inhibitory activity toward CYP1B1 expression and function, notably isorhamnetin and 2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene. Accumulating evidence indicates that modulation of CYP1B1 can decrease adipogenesis and tumorigenesis, and prevent obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Therefore, it may be feasible to consider CYP1B1 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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10
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Mo L, Shen J, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Kuang J, Pu S, Cheng S, Zou M, Jiang W, Jiang C, Qu A, He J. Irisin Is Regulated by CAR in Liver and Is a Mediator of Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:533-42. [PMID: 27007446 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, a hormone proteolytically processed from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), has been reported to induce the browning of sc adipocytes by increasing the level of uncoupling protein 1. In this study, we showed that activation of the nuclear receptor constitutive androstane receptor induced FNDC5 mRNA expression in the liver and increased the circulating level of irisin in mice. FNDC5/irisin is a direct transcriptional target of constitutive androstane receptor. Hepatic-released irisin functioned as a paracrine/autocrine factor that inhibited lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis via the Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase pathway. Adenovirus-overexpressed irisin improved hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in genetic-induced obese mice. Irisin transgenic mice were also protected against high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. In conclusion, our results reveal a novel pathway in regulating FNDC5/irisin expression and identify a physiological role for this hepatic hormone in glucose and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mo
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Jing Shen
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Jiangying Kuang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Shihai Cheng
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Min Zou
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Jinhan He
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
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11
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Fu X, Yan Y, Xu PS, Geerlof-Vidavsky I, Chong W, Gross ML, Holy TE. A Molecular Code for Identity in the Vomeronasal System. Cell 2015; 163:313-23. [PMID: 26435105 PMCID: PMC4642884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In social interactions among mammals, individuals are recognized by olfactory cues, but identifying the key signals among thousands of compounds remains a major challenge. To address this need, we developed a new technique, component-activity matching (CAM), to select candidate ligands that "explain" patterns of bioactivity across diverse complex mixtures. Using mouse urine from eight different sexes and strains, we identified 23 components to explain firing rates in seven of eight functional classes of vomeronasal sensory neurons. Focusing on a class of neurons selective for females, we identified a novel family of vomeronasal ligands, steroid carboxylic acids. These ligands accounted for much of the neuronal activity of urine from some female strains, were necessary for normal levels of male investigatory behavior of female scents, and were sufficient to trigger mounting behavior. CAM represents the first step toward an exhaustive characterization of the molecular cues for natural behavior in a mammalian olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yuetian Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pei S Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ilan Geerlof-Vidavsky
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wongi Chong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy E Holy
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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12
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Tanaka N, Takahashi S, Zhang Y, Krausz KW, Smith PB, Patterson AD, Gonzalez FJ. Role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the early stage of NASH induced by methionine- and choline-deficient diet. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1242-52. [PMID: 25736301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a modulator of energy homeostasis and is increased in human nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) and after feeding of methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD), a conventional inducer of murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the significance of FGF21 induction in the occurrence of MCD-induced NASH remains undetermined. C57BL/6J Fgf21-null and wild-type mice were treated with MCD for 1 week. Hepatic Fgf21 mRNA was increased early after commencing MCD treatment independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and farnesoid X receptor. While no significant differences in white adipose lipolysis were seen in both genotypes, hepatic triglyceride (TG) contents were increased in Fgf21-null mice, likely due to the up-regulation of genes encoding CD36 and phosphatidic acid phosphatase 2a/2c, involved in fatty acid (FA) uptake and diacylglycerol synthesis, respectively, and suppression of increased mRNAs encoding carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase 1α, PPARγ coactivator 1α, and adipose TG lipase, which are associated with lipid clearance in the liver. The MCD-treated Fgf21-null mice showed increased hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Exposure of primary hepatocytes to palmitic acid elevated the mRNA levels encoding DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, an indicator of ER stress, and FGF21 in a PPARα-independent manner, suggesting that lipid-induced ER stress can enhance hepatic FGF21 expression. Collectively, FGF21 is elevated in the early stage of MCD-induced NASH likely to minimize hepatic lipid accumulation and ensuing ER stress. These results provide a possible mechanism on how FGF21 is increased in NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Philip B Smith
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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13
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Abstract
Enterohepatic circulation is responsible for the capture of bile acids and other steroids produced or metabolized in the liver and secreted to the intestine, for reabsorption back into the circulation and transport back to the liver. Bile acids are secreted from the liver in the form of mixed micelles that also contain phosphatidylcholines and cholesterol that facilitate the uptake of fats and vitamins from the diet due to the surfactant properties of bile acids and lipids. Bile acids are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol by a cascade of enzymes that carry out oxidation and conjugation reactions, and transported to the bile duct and gall bladder where they are stored before being released into the intestine. Bile flow from the gall bladder to the small intestine is triggered by food intake in accordance with its role in lipid and vitamin absorption from the diet. Bile acids are further metabolized by gut bacteria and are transported back to the circulation. Metabolites produced in the liver are termed primary bile acids or primary conjugated bile salts, while the metabolites generated by bacterial are called secondary bile acids. About 95% of bile acids are reabsorbed in the proximal and distal ileum into the hepatic portal vein and then into the liver sinusoids, where they are efficiently transported into the liver with little remaining in circulation. Each bile acid is reabsorbed about 20 times on average before being eliminated. Enterohepatic circulation is under tight regulation by nuclear receptor signaling, notably by the farnesoid X receptor (FXR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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14
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De Sousa-Coelho AL, Relat J, Hondares E, Pérez-Martí A, Ribas F, Villarroya F, Marrero PF, Haro D. FGF21 mediates the lipid metabolism response to amino acid starvation. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1786-97. [PMID: 23661803 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m033415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipogenic gene expression in liver is repressed in mice upon leucine deprivation. The hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which is critical to the adaptive metabolic response to starvation, is also induced under amino acid deprivation. Upon leucine deprivation, we found that FGF21 is needed to repress expression of lipogenic genes in liver and white adipose tissue, and stimulate phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase in white adipose tissue. The increased expression of Ucp1 in brown adipose tissue under these circumstances is also impaired in FGF21-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate the important role of FGF21 in the regulation of lipid metabolism during amino acid starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa De Sousa-Coelho
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Montanez JE, Peters JM, Correll JB, Gonzalez FJ, Patterson AD. Metabolomics: an essential tool to understand the function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Toxicol Pathol 2012. [PMID: 23197196 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312466960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear hormone transcription factors (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ) is regulated by a wide array of ligands including natural and synthetic chemicals. PPARs have important roles in control of energy metabolism and are known to influence inflammation, differentiation, carcinogenesis, and chemical toxicity. As such, PPARs have been targeted as therapy for common disorders such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes. The recent application of metabolomics, or the global, unbiased measurement of small molecules found in biofluids, or extracts from cells, tissues, or organisms, has advanced our understanding of the varied and important roles that the PPARs have in normal physiology as well as in pathophysiological processes. Continued development and refinement of analytical platforms, and the application of new bioinformatics strategies, have accelerated the widespread use of metabolomics and have allowed further integration of small molecules into systems biology. Recent studies using metabolomics to understand PPARα function, as well as to identify PPARα biomarkers associated with drug efficacy/toxicity and drug-induced liver injury, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Montanez
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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16
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Silvennoinen R, Escola-Gil JC, Julve J, Rotllan N, Llaverias G, Metso J, Valledor AF, He J, Yu L, Jauhiainen M, Blanco-Vaca F, Kovanen PT, Lee-Rueckert M. Acute Psychological Stress Accelerates Reverse Cholesterol Transport via Corticosterone-Dependent Inhibition of Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption. Circ Res 2012; 111:1459-69. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.277962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rationale:
Psychological stress is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the connecting mechanisms of the stress-inducing activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with atherosclerosis are not well-understood.
Objective:
To study the effect of acute psychological stress on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), which transfers peripheral cholesterol to the liver for its ultimate fecal excretion.
Methods and Results:
C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to restraint stress for 3 hours to induce acute psychological stress. RCT in vivo was quantified by measuring the transfer of [
3
H]cholesterol from intraperitoneally injected mouse macrophages to the lumen of the small intestine within the stress period. Surprisingly, stress markedly increased the contents of macrophage-derived [
3
H]cholesterol in the intestinal lumen. In the stressed mice, intestinal absorption of [
14
C]cholesterol was significantly impaired, the intestinal mRNA expression level of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α increased, and that of the sterol influx transporter Niemann-Pick C1–like 1 decreased. The stress-dependent effects on RCT rate and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α gene expression were fully mimicked by administration of the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) to nonstressed mice, and they were blocked by the inhibition of CORT synthesis in stressed mice. Moreover, the intestinal expression of Niemann-Pick C1–like 1 protein decreased when circulating levels of CORT increased. Of note, when either peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α or liver X receptor α knockout mice were exposed to stress, the RCT rate remained unchanged, although plasma CORT increased. This indicates that activities of both transcription factors were required for the RCT-accelerating effect of stress.
Conclusions:
Acute psychological stress accelerated RCT by compromising intestinal cholesterol absorption. The present results uncover a novel functional connection between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and RCT that can be triggered by a stress-induced increase in circulating CORT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reija Silvennoinen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Joan Carles Escola-Gil
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Josep Julve
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Gemma Llaverias
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Jari Metso
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Annabel F. Valledor
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Jianming He
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Liqing Yu
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Petri T. Kovanen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
| | - Miriam Lee-Rueckert
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (R.S., P.T.K., M.L.-R.); Departament de Bioquimica, IIB Sant Pau-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.C.E.-G., J.J., N.R., G.L., F.B.-V.); Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Research Unit Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (J.M., M.J.); Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University
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17
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Li F, Patterson AD, Krausz KW, Tanaka N, Gonzalez FJ. Metabolomics reveals an essential role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in bile acid homeostasis. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:1625-35. [PMID: 22665165 PMCID: PMC3540854 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m027433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor that regulates fatty acid transport and metabolism. Previous studies revealed that PPARα can affect bile acid metabolism; however, the mechanism by which PPARα regulates bile acid homeostasis is not understood. In this study, an ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization qua dru pole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS)-based metabolomics approach was used to profile metabolites in urine, serum, and bile of wild-type and Ppara-null mice following cholic acid (CA) dietary challenge. Metabolomic analysis showed that the levels of several serum bile acids, such as CA (25-fold) and taurocholic acid (16-fold), were significantly increased in CA-treated Ppara-null mice compared with CA-treated wild-type mice. Phospholipid homeostasis, as revealed by decreased serum lysophos phati dylcholine (LPC) 16:0 (1.6-fold) and LPC 18:0 (1.6-fold), and corticosterone metabolism noted by increased urinary excretion of 11β-hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid (20-fold) and 11β,20α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-en-21-oic acid (3.6-fold), were disrupted in CA-treated Ppara-null mice. The hepatic levels of mRNA encoding transporters Abcb11, Abcb4, Abca1, Abcg5, and Abcg8 were diminished in Ppara-null mice, leading to the accumulation of bile acids in the liver during the CA challenge. These observations revealed that PPARα is an essential regulator of bile acid biosynthesis, transport, and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
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18
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Ament Z, Masoodi M, Griffin JL. Applications of metabolomics for understanding the action of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in diabetes, obesity and cancer. Genome Med 2012; 4:32. [PMID: 22546357 PMCID: PMC3446260 DOI: 10.1186/gm331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a set of three nuclear hormone receptors that together play a key role in regulating metabolism, particularly the switch between the fed and fasted state and the metabolic pathways involving fatty-acid oxidation and lipid metabolism. In addition, they have a number of important developmental and regulatory roles outside metabolism. The PPARs are also potent targets for treating type II diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity, although a number of individual agonists have also been linked to unwanted side effects, and there is a complex relationship between the PPARs and the development of cancer. This review examines the part that metabolomics, including lipidomics, has played in elucidating the roles PPARs have in regulating systemic metabolism, as well as their role in aspects of drug-induced cancer and xenobiotic metabolism. These studies have defined the role PPARδ plays in regulating fatty-acid oxidation in adipose tissue and the interaction between aging and PPARα in the liver. The potential translational benefits of these approaches include widening the role of PPAR agonists and improved monitoring of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Ament
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK.
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19
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Lee JS, Ward WO, Liu J, Ren H, Vallanat B, Delker D, Corton JC. Hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme and transporter gene expression through the life stages of the mouse. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24381. [PMID: 21931700 PMCID: PMC3169610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in responses to environmental chemicals and drugs between life stages are likely due in part to differences in the expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and transporters (XMETs). No comprehensive analysis of the mRNA expression of XMETs has been carried out through life stages in any species. RESULTS Using full-genome arrays, the mRNA expression of all XMETs and their regulatory proteins was examined during fetal (gestation day (GD) 19), neonatal (postnatal day (PND) 7), prepubescent (PND32), middle age (12 months), and old age (18 and 24 months) in the C57BL/6J (C57) mouse liver and compared to adults. Fetal and neonatal life stages exhibited dramatic differences in XMET mRNA expression compared to the relatively minor effects of old age. The total number of XMET probe sets that differed from adults was 636, 500, 84, 5, 43, and 102 for GD19, PND7, PND32, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months, respectively. At all life stages except PND32, under-expressed genes outnumbered over-expressed genes. The altered XMETs included those in all of the major metabolic and transport phases including introduction of reactive or polar groups (Phase I), conjugation (Phase II) and excretion (Phase III). In the fetus and neonate, parallel increases in expression were noted in the dioxin receptor, Nrf2 components and their regulated genes while nuclear receptors and regulated genes were generally down-regulated. Suppression of male-specific XMETs was observed at early (GD19, PND7) and to a lesser extent, later life stages (18 and 24 months). A number of female-specific XMETs exhibited a spike in expression centered at PND7. CONCLUSIONS The analysis revealed dramatic differences in the expression of the XMETs, especially in the fetus and neonate that are partially dependent on gender-dependent factors. XMET expression can be used to predict life stage-specific responses to environmental chemicals and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice S Lee
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
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Rakhshandehroo M, Knoch B, Müller M, Kersten S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha target genes. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:612089. [PMID: 20936127 PMCID: PMC2948931 DOI: 10.1155/2010/612089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of a variety of processes, ranging from inflammation and immunity to nutrient metabolism and energy homeostasis. PPARα serves as a molecular target for hypolipidemic fibrates drugs which bind the receptor with high affinity. Furthermore, PPARα binds and is activated by numerous fatty acids and fatty acid-derived compounds. PPARα governs biological processes by altering the expression of a large number of target genes. Accordingly, the specific role of PPARα is directly related to the biological function of its target genes. Here, we present an overview of the involvement of PPARα in lipid metabolism and other pathways through a detailed analysis of the different known or putative PPARα target genes. The emphasis is on gene regulation by PPARα in liver although many of the results likely apply to other organs and tissues as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rakhshandehroo
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Knoch
- Food, Metabolism & Microbiology, Food & Textiles Group, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Institute of Food, Nutrition & Human Health, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Michael Müller
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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