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Liu L, Luo P, Wen P, Xu P. The role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1406248. [PMID: 38904051 PMCID: PMC11186994 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1406248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg), a nutritional element which is essential for bone development and mineralization, has a role in the progression of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by significant deterioration of bone microstructure and bone loss. Mg deficiency can affect bone structure in an indirect way through the two main regulators of calcium homeostasis (parathyroid hormone and vitamin D). In human osteoblasts (OBs), parathyroid hormone regulates the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) to affect osteoclast (OC) formation. In addition, Mg may also affect the vitamin D3 -mediated bone remodeling activity. vitamin D3 usually coordinates the activation of the OB and OC. The unbalanced activation OC leads to bone resorption. The RANK/RANKL/OPG axis is considered to be a key factor in the molecular mechanism of osteoporosis. Mg participates in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by affecting the regulation of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels to affect the RANK/RANKL/OPG axis. Different factors affecting the axis and enhancing OC function led to bone loss and bone tissue microstructure damage, which leads to the occurrence of osteoporosis. Clinical research has shown that Mg supplementation can alleviate the symptoms of osteoporosis to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Luo
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Liu H, Liu L, Rosen CJ. PTH and the Regulation of Mesenchymal Cells within the Bone Marrow Niche. Cells 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38474370 PMCID: PMC10930661 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a pivotal role in maintaining calcium homeostasis, largely by modulating bone remodeling processes. Its effects on bone are notably dependent on the duration and frequency of exposure. Specifically, PTH can initiate both bone formation and resorption, with the outcome being influenced by the manner of PTH administration: continuous or intermittent. In continuous administration, PTH tends to promote bone resorption, possibly by regulating certain genes within bone cells. Conversely, intermittent exposure generally favors bone formation, possibly through transient gene activation. PTH's role extends to various aspects of bone cell activity. It directly influences skeletal stem cells, osteoblastic lineage cells, osteocytes, and T cells, playing a critical role in bone generation. Simultaneously, it indirectly affects osteoclast precursor cells and osteoclasts, and has a direct impact on T cells, contributing to its role in bone resorption. Despite these insights, the intricate mechanisms through which PTH acts within the bone marrow niche are not entirely understood. This article reviews the dual roles of PTH-catabolic and anabolic-on bone cells, highlighting the cellular and molecular pathways involved in these processes. The complex interplay of these factors in bone remodeling underscores the need for further investigation to fully comprehend PTH's multifaceted influence on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Linyi Liu
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
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Duncan HF, Kobayashi Y, Yamauchi Y, Shimizu E. The Reparative Function of MMP13 in Tertiary Reactionary Dentinogenesis after Tooth Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:875. [PMID: 38255947 PMCID: PMC10815342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
MMP13 gene expression increases up to 2000-fold in mineralizing dental pulp cells (DPCs), with research previously demonstrating that global MMP13 deletion resulted in critical alterations in the dentine phenotype, affecting dentine-tubule regularity, the odontoblast palisade, and significantly reducing the dentine volume. Global MMP13-KO and wild-type mice of a range of ages had their molar teeth injured to stimulate reactionary tertiary dentinogenesis. The response was measured qualitatively and quantitatively using histology, immunohistochemistry, micro-CT, and qRT-PCR in order to assess changes in the nature and volume of dentine deposited as well as mechanistic links. MMP13 loss affected the reactionary tertiary dentine quality and volume after cuspal injury and reduced Nestin expression in a non-exposure injury model, as well as mechanistic links between MMP13 and the Wnt-responsive gene Axin2. Acute pulpal injury and pulp exposure to oral fluids in mice teeth showed upregulation of the MMP13 in vivo, with an increase in the gene expression of Mmp8, Mmp9, and Mmp13 evident. These results indicate that MMP13 is involved in tertiary reactionary dentine formation after tooth injury in vivo, potentially acting as a key molecule in the dental pulp during dentine-pulp repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, D02 F859 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07193, USA;
| | - Yukako Yamauchi
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, D02 F859 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07193, USA;
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Sui BD, Zheng CX, Zhao WM, Xuan K, Li B, Jin Y. Mesenchymal condensation in tooth development and regeneration: a focus on translational aspects of organogenesis. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1899-1964. [PMID: 36656056 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The teeth are vertebrate-specific, highly specialized organs performing fundamental functions of mastication and speech, the maintenance of which is crucial for orofacial homeostasis and is further linked to systemic health and human psychosocial well-being. However, with limited ability for self-repair, the teeth can often be impaired by traumatic, inflammatory, and progressive insults, leading to high prevalence of tooth loss and defects worldwide. Regenerative medicine holds the promise to achieve physiological restoration of lost or damaged organs, and in particular an evolving framework of developmental engineering has pioneered functional tooth regeneration by harnessing the odontogenic program. As a key event of tooth morphogenesis, mesenchymal condensation dictates dental tissue formation and patterning through cellular self-organization and signaling interaction with the epithelium, which provides a representative to decipher organogenetic mechanisms and can be leveraged for regenerative purposes. In this review, we summarize how mesenchymal condensation spatiotemporally assembles from dental stem cells (DSCs) and sequentially mediates tooth development. We highlight condensation-mimetic engineering efforts and mechanisms based on ex vivo aggregation of DSCs, which have achieved functionally robust and physiologically relevant tooth regeneration after implantation in animals and in humans. The discussion of this aspect will add to the knowledge of development-inspired tissue engineering strategies and will offer benefits to propel clinical organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Aguilar A, Gifre L, Ureña-Torres P, Carrillo-López N, Rodriguez-García M, Massó E, da Silva I, López-Báez V, Sánchez-Bayá M, Prior-Español Á, Urrutia M, Paul J, Bustos MC, Vila A, Garnica-León I, Navarro-González JF, Mateo L, Bover J. Pathophysiology of bone disease in chronic kidney disease: from basics to renal osteodystrophy and osteoporosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1177829. [PMID: 37342799 PMCID: PMC10277623 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1177829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent disease that has become a public health problem. Progression of CKD is associated with serious complications, including the systemic CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Laboratory, bone and vascular abnormalities define this condition, and all have been independently related to cardiovascular disease and high mortality rates. The "old" cross-talk between kidney and bone (classically known as "renal osteodystrophies") has been recently expanded to the cardiovascular system, emphasizing the importance of the bone component of CKD-MBD. Moreover, a recently recognized higher susceptibility of patients with CKD to falls and bone fractures led to important paradigm changes in the new CKD-MBD guidelines. Evaluation of bone mineral density and the diagnosis of "osteoporosis" emerges in nephrology as a new possibility "if results will impact clinical decisions". Obviously, it is still reasonable to perform a bone biopsy if knowledge of the type of renal osteodystrophy will be clinically useful (low versus high turnover-bone disease). However, it is now considered that the inability to perform a bone biopsy may not justify withholding antiresorptive therapies to patients with high risk of fracture. This view adds to the effects of parathyroid hormone in CKD patients and the classical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The availability of new antiosteoporotic treatments bring the opportunity to come back to the basics, and the knowledge of new pathophysiological pathways [OPG/RANKL (LGR4); Wnt-ß-catenin pathway], also affected in CKD, offers great opportunities to further unravel the complex physiopathology of CKD-MBD and to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Aguilar
- Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
- Department of Nephrology, Mexican Social Security, IMSS General Hospital of Zone No 2, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - Laia Gifre
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pablo Ureña-Torres
- AURA Saint Ouen, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis and Department of Renal Physiology, Necker Hospital, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Minerva Rodriguez-García
- Nephrology Clinical Management Unit, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Massó
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HGiTP), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iara da Silva
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HGiTP), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Víctor López-Báez
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HGiTP), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maya Sánchez-Bayá
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HGiTP), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Águeda Prior-Español
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marina Urrutia
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HGiTP), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Paul
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HGiTP), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Misael C. Bustos
- Department of Nephrology, Pontificia Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anna Vila
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HGiTP), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isa Garnica-León
- Department of Nephrology, Mexican Social Security, IMSS General Hospital of Zone No 2, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - Juan F. Navarro-González
- Research Unit and Nephrology Service, University Hospital of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de la Laguna, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mateo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Bover
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HGiTP), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
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Wuttisiriboon K, Tippayawat P, Daduang J, Limpaiboon T. Ca 2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II Inhibitor KN-93 Enhances Chondrogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Delays Chondrogenic Hypertrophy. In Vivo 2023; 37:667-678. [PMID: 36881077 PMCID: PMC10026659 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cartilage tissue engineering has been popularly applied in the treatment of articular cartilage defect because it is more effective in generating functional engineered cartilage than traditional methods. Although the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is well established, it is often accompanied by undesired hypertrophy. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a crucial mediator in the ion channel pathway which is known to be involved in chondrogenic hypertrophy. Therefore, this study aimed to reduce the hypertrophy of BM-MSCs by inhibiting CaMKII activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS BM-MSCs were cultured in three-dimensional (3D) scaffold under chondrogenic induction with and without CaMKII inhibitor, KN-93. After cultivation, markers of chondrogenesis and hypertrophy were investigated. RESULTS KN-93 at a concentration of 2.0 μM had no effect on the viability of BM-MSCs, while the activation of CaMKII was suppressed. A long period of KN-93 treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of SRY-box transcription factor 9 and aggrecan on day 28 compared to untreated BM-MSCs. Furthermore, KN-93 treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of RUNX family transcription factor 2 and collagen type X alpha 1 chain on days 21 and 28. Immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of aggrecan and type II collagen while the expression of type X collagen was reduced. CONCLUSION A CaMKII inhibitor, KN-93 is able to enhance chondrogenesis of BM-MSCs and suppress chondrogenic hypertrophy, suggesting its potential applicability in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patcharaporn Tippayawat
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Temduang Limpaiboon
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Cong L, Jiang P, Wang H, Huang L, Wu G, Che X, Wang C, Li P, Duan Q, Guo X, Li P. MiR-1 is a critical regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy by inhibiting Indian hedgehog pathway during postnatal endochondral ossification in miR-1 overexpression transgenic mice. Bone 2022; 165:116566. [PMID: 36152943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral bone formation from the growth plate plays a critical role in vertebrate limb development and skeletal homeostasis. Although miR-1 is mainly expressed in the hypertrophic region of the growth plate during this process, its role in the endochondral bone formation is unknown. To elucidate the role of miR-1 in cartilage development, chondrocyte-specific transgenic mice with high expression of miR-1 were generated (Col2a1-Cre-ERT2-GFPfl/fl-RFP-miR-1). Transgenic mice showed short limbs and delayed formation of secondary ossification centers. In the tibia growth plate of miR-1-overexpressing transgenic mice, the chondrocytes in the proliferative zone were disorganized and their proliferation decreased, and the ColX, MMP-13 and Indian Hedgehog (IHH) in chondrocytes showed a downward trend, resulting in decreased terminal differentiation in the hypertrophic zone. In addition, the apoptosis index caspase-3 also showed a downward trend in the tibia growth plate. It was concluded that miR-1 overexpression affects chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophic differentiation, and apoptosis, thereby delaying the formation of secondary ossification centers and leading to short limbs. It was also verified that miR-1 affects endochondral ossification through the IHH pathway. The above results suggest that miR-1 overexpression can affect endochondral osteogenesis by inhibiting chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophic differentiation, and apoptosis, thus causing limb hypoplasia in mice. This work gives potential for new therapeutic directions and insights for the treatment of dwarf-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pinpin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lingan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Gaige Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xianda Che
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Penghua Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fenyang Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Duan
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Zhao Y, Guo Y, Sun M, Hussion S, Zheng Y, Huang H, Huo X, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Han Y, Ning Q, Xu P, Sun J, Lu S. Selenium-sensitive histone deacetylase 2 is required for forkhead box O3A and regulates extracellular matrix metabolism in cartilage. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:914-926. [PMID: 36156740 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selenium (Se) as well as selenoproteins are vital for osteochondral system development. Se deficiency (SeD) has a definite impact on the expression and activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Abnormal expression of some HDACs affects cartilage development. This current study aims to explore the relationship between differentially expressed HDACs and cartilage development, especially extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis maintenance, under SeD conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dark Agouti rats and C28/I2 cell line under SeD states were used to detect the differently expressed HDAC by RT-qPCR, western blotting and IHC staining. Meanwhile, the biological roles of the above HDAC in cartilage development and homeostasis maintenance were confirmed by siRNA transfection, western blotting, RNA sequence and inhibitor treatment experiments. RESULTS HDAC2 exhibited lower expression at protein level in both animals and chondrocytes during SeD condition. The results of cell-level experiments indicated that forkhead box O3A (FOXO3A), which was required to maintain metabolic homeostasis of cartilage matrix, was reduced by HDAC2 knockdown. Meanwhile, induced HDAC2 was positively associated with FOXO3A in rat SeD model. Meanwhile, knockdown of HDAC2 and FOXO3A led to an increase of intracellular ROS level, which activated NF-κB pathway. Se supplementary significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway with IL-1β treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that low expression of HDAC2 under SeD condition increased ROS content by decreasing FOXO3A in chondrocytes, which led to the activation of NF-κB pathway and ECM homeostasis imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, West Yanta Street No.76, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxu Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, West Yanta Street No.76, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, West Yanta Street No.76, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Safdar Hussion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, West Yanta Street No.76, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, West Yanta Street No.76, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Huo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, West Yanta Street No.76, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Software Engineering, Xinjiang University School of Software, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, West Yanta Street No.76, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, West Yanta Street No.76, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilan Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, West Yanta Street No.76, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Easter Youyi Road No. 555, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Public Health, West Yanta Street No.76, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, West Yanta Street No.76, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Krishnan RH, Sadu L, Das UR, Satishkumar S, Pranav Adithya S, Saranya I, Akshaya R, Selvamurugan N. Role of p300, a histone acetyltransferase enzyme, in osteoblast differentiation. Differentiation 2022; 124:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Epigenetic modifications of histones during osteoblast differentiation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194780. [PMID: 34968769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In bone biology, epigenetics plays a key role in mesenchymal stem cells' (MSCs) commitment towards osteoblasts. It involves gene regulatory mechanisms governed by chromatin modulators. Predominant epigenetic mechanisms for efficient osteogenic differentiation include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Among these mechanisms, histone modifications critically contribute to altering chromatin configuration. Histone based epigenetic mechanisms are an essential mediator of gene expression during osteoblast differentiation as it directs the bivalency of the genome. Investigating the importance of histone modifications in osteogenesis may lead to the development of epigenetic-based remedies for genetic disorders of bone. Hence, in this review, we have highlighted the importance of epigenetic modifications such as post-translational modifications of histones, including methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and their role in the activation or suppression of gene expression during osteoblast differentiation. Further, we have emphasized the future advancements in the field of epigenetics towards orthopaedical therapeutics.
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11
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Lee IS, Kim DW, Oh JH, Lee SK, Choi JY, Kim SG, Kim TW. Effects of 4-Hexylresorcinol on Craniofacial Growth in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8935. [PMID: 34445640 PMCID: PMC8396282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) has been used as a food additive, however, it has been recently demonstrated as a Class I histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). Unlike other HDACi, 4HR can be taken through foods. Unfortunately, some HDACi have an influence on craniofacial growth, therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4HR on craniofacial growth. Saos-2 cells (osteoblast-like cells) were used for the evaluation of HDACi and its associated activities after 4HR administration. For the evaluation of craniofacial growth, 12.8 mg/kg of 4HR was administered weekly to 4 week old rats (male: 10, female: 10) for 12 weeks. Ten rats were used for untreated control (males: 5, females: 5). Body weight was recorded every week. Serum and head samples were collected at 12 weeks after initial administration. Craniofacial growth was evaluated by micro-computerized tomography. Serum was used for ELISA (testosterone and estrogen) and immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). The administration of 4HR (1-100 μM) showed significant HDACi activity (p < 0.05). Body weight was significantly different in male rats (p < 0.05), and mandibular size was significantly smaller in 4HR-treated male rats with reduced testosterone levels. However, the mandibular size was significantly higher in 4HR treated female rats with increased growth hormone levels. In conclusion, 4HR had HDACi activity in Saos-2 cells. The administration of 4HR on growing rats showed different responses in body weight and mandibular size between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Song Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 3080, Korea;
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyeon Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea;
| | - Suk Keun Lee
- Institution of Hydrogen Magnetic Reaction Gene Regulation, Daejeon 34140, Korea;
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea;
| | - Tae-Woo Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 3080, Korea;
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12
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Melnik S, Gabler J, Dreher SI, Hecht N, Hofmann N, Großner T, Richter W. MiR-218 affects hypertrophic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells during chondrogenesis via targeting RUNX2, MEF2C, and COL10A1. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:532. [PMID: 33303006 PMCID: PMC7727242 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) hold hopes for cartilage regenerative therapy due to their chondrogenic differentiation potential. However, undesirable occurrence of calcification after ectopic transplantation, known as hypertrophic degeneration, remains the major obstacle limiting application of MSC in cartilage tissue regeneration approaches. There is growing evidence that microRNAs (miRs) play essential roles in post-transcriptional regulation of hypertrophic differentiation during chondrogenesis. Aim of the study was to identify new miR candidates involved in repression of hypertrophy-related targets. Methods The miR expression profile in human articular chondrocytes (AC) was compared to that in hypertrophic chondrocytes derived from human MSC by microarray analysis, and miR expression was validated by qPCR. Putative targets were searched by in silico analysis and validated by miR reporter assay in HEK293T, by functional assays (western blotting and ALP-activity) in transiently transfected SaOS-2 cells, and by a miR pulldown assay in human MSC. The expression profile of miR-218 was assessed by qPCR during in vitro chondrogenesis of MSC and re-differentiation of AC. MSC were transfected with miR-218 mimic, and differentiation outcome was assessed over 28 days. MiR-218 expression was quantified in healthy and osteoarthritic cartilage of patients. Results Within the top 15 miRs differentially expressed between chondral AC versus endochondral MSC differentiation, miR-218 was selected as a candidate miR predicted to target hypertrophy-related genes. MiR-218 was downregulated during chondrogenesis of MSC and showed a negative correlation to hypertrophic markers, such as COL10A1 and MEF2C. It was confirmed in SaOS-2 cells that miR-218 directly targets hypertrophy-related COL10A1, MEF2C, and RUNX2, as a gain of ectopic miR-218 mimic caused drop in MEF2C and RUNX2 protein accumulation, with attenuation of COL10A1 expression and significant concomitant reduction of ALP activity. A miR pulldown assay confirmed that miR-218 directly targets RUNX2, MEF2C in human MSC. Additionally, the gain of miR-218 in human MSC attenuated hypertrophic markers (MEF2C, RUNX2, COL10A1, ALPL), although with no boost of chondrogenic markers (GAG deposition, COL2A1) due to activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, no correlation between miR-218 expression and a pathologic phenotype in the cartilage of osteoarthritis (OA) patients was found. Conclusions Although miR-218 was shown to target pro-hypertrophic markers MEF2C, COL10A1, and RUNX2 in human MSC during chondrogenic differentiation, overall, it could not significantly reduce the hypertrophic phenotype or boost chondrogenesis. This could be explained by a concomitant activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling counteracting the anti-hypertrophic effects of miR-218. Therefore, to achieve a full inhibition of the endochondral pathway, a whole class of anti-hypertrophic miRs, including miR-218, needs to be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Melnik
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Gabler
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon I Dreher
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Hecht
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Hofmann
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Großner
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lee Y, Shin MH, Kim MK, Park CH, Shin HS, Lee DH, Chung JH. Ultraviolet irradiation-induced inhibition of histone deacetylase 4 increases the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 but decreases that of type I procollagen via activating JNK in human dermal fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 101:107-114. [PMID: 33309320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is the main contributing factor for skin aging. UV irradiation induces epigenetic changes in skin. It increases the activity of histone acetylases (HATs) but decreases that of histone deacetylases (HDACs). OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate alterations in all classes of HDACs and sirtuins (SIRTs) in response to UV irradiation, and determine the HDACs regulating the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and type I procollagen. METHODS Primary human dermal fibroblasts were UV irradiated. HDAC4 was knocked-down or overexpressed to investigate its effect on the expression of MMP-1 and type I procollagen. The mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS Among 11 HDACs and 7 SIRTs, we found that the expression of HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC8, HDAC11, SIRT2, and SIRT3 were significantly and consistently reduced by UV at both mRNA and protein levels. Among these, the reduction of HDAC4 was responsible for the basal and UV-induced increase in the expression of MMP-1 and decrease in that of type I procollagen. Furthermore, the reduced HDAC4 could activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), resulting in an increase in MMP-1 and decrease in type I procollagen. CONCLUSIONS UV treatment decreases the expression of HDACs and SIRTs in dermal fibroblasts; in particular, the UV-induced reduction in the expression of HDAC4 might play an important role in regulating the expression of MMP-1 and type I procollagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Z, Zhang Z, Guo L, Wei X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wei L. The role of histone deacetylase 4 during chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral bone development. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:82-89. [PMID: 32435460 PMCID: PMC7229302 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.92.bjr-2019-0172.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte hypertrophy represents a crucial turning point during endochondral bone development. This process is tightly regulated by various factors, constituting a regulatory network that maintains normal bone development. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is the most well-characterized member of the HDAC class IIa family and participates in different signalling networks during development in various tissues by promoting chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression. Studies have reported that HDAC4-null mice display premature ossification of developing bones due to ectopic and early-onset chondrocyte hypertrophy. Overexpression of HDAC4 in proliferating chondrocytes inhibits hypertrophy and ossification of developing bones, which suggests that HDAC4, as a negative regulator, is involved in the network regulating chondrocyte hypertrophy. Overall, HDAC4 plays a key role during bone development and disease. Thus, understanding the role of HDAC4 during chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral bone formation and its features regarding the structure, function, and regulation of this process will not only provide new insight into the mechanisms by which HDAC4 is involved in chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral bone development, but will also create a platform for developing a therapeutic strategy for related diseases. Cite this article:Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(2):82–89.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Malavika D, Shreya S, Raj Priya V, Rohini M, He Z, Partridge NC, Selvamurugan N. miR‐873‐3p targets HDAC4 to stimulate matrix metalloproteinase‐13 expression upon parathyroid hormone exposure in rat osteoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7996-8009. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desai Malavika
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Srinivasan Shreya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Vembar Raj Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Muthukumar Rohini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Zhiming He
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry New York University New York New York
| | - Nicola C. Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry New York University New York New York
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
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Galea GL, Paradise CR, Meakin LB, Camilleri ET, Taipaleenmaki H, Stein GS, Lanyon LE, Price JS, van Wijnen AJ, Dudakovic A. Mechanical strain-mediated reduction in RANKL expression is associated with RUNX2 and BRD2. Gene 2020; 763S:100027. [PMID: 32550554 PMCID: PMC7285908 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading-related strains trigger bone formation by osteoblasts while suppressing resorption by osteoclasts, uncoupling the processes of formation and resorption. Osteocytes may orchestrate this process in part by secreting sclerostin (SOST), which inhibits osteoblasts, and expressing receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL/TNFSF11) which recruits osteoclasts. Both SOST and RANKL are targets of the master osteoblastic transcription factor RUNX2. Subjecting human osteoblastic Saos-2 cells to strain by four point bending down-regulates their expression of SOST and RANKL without altering RUNX2 expression. RUNX2 knockdown increases basal SOST expression, but does not alter SOST down-regulation following strain. Conversely, RUNX2 knockdown does not alter basal RANKL expression, but prevents its down-regulation by strain. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed RUNX2 occupies a region of the RANKL promoter containing a consensus RUNX2 binding site and its occupancy of this site decreases following strain. The expression of epigenetic acetyl and methyl writers and readers was quantified by RT-qPCR to investigate potential epigenetic bases for this change. Strain and RUNX2 knockdown both down-regulate expression of the bromodomain acetyl reader BRD2. BRD2 and RUNX2 co-immunoprecipitate, suggesting interaction within regulatory complexes, and BRD2 was confirmed to interact with the RUNX2 promoter. BRD2 also occupies the RANKL promoter and its occupancy was reduced following exposure to strain. Thus, RUNX2 may contribute to bone remodeling by suppressing basal SOST expression, while facilitating the acute strain-induced down-regulation of RANKL through a mechanosensitive epigenetic loop involving BRD2.
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Key Words
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ActD, Actinomycin D
- AzadC, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine
- BRD2
- BRD2, Bromodomain-containing protein 2
- CO2, Carbon Dioxide
- ChIP, Chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Epigenetics
- FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FCS, Fetal calf serum
- GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
- HDAC, Histone deacetylase
- HPRT, Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase 1
- IU, International unit
- IgG, Immunoglobulin G
- Ki-67, Antigen KI-67
- Mechanical strain
- OPG, Osteoprotegerin/tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B
- PBS, Phosphate-Buffered Saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PGE2, Prostaglandin E2
- RANKL/TNFSF11, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
- RNA, Ribonucleic Acid
- RT-qPCR, Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- RUNX2
- RUNX2, Runt-related transcription factor 2
- Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
- SOST, Sclerostin
- Sclerostin
- eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- sh, Short hairpin
- β2MG, Beta-2-Microglobulin
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Galea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Comparative Bioveterinary Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lee B Meakin
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Hanna Taipaleenmaki
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lance E Lanyon
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joanna S Price
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Gu XD, Wei L, Li PC, Che XD, Zhao RP, Han PF, Lu JG, Wei XC. Adenovirus-mediated transduction with Histone Deacetylase 4 ameliorates disease progression in an osteoarthritis rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105752. [PMID: 31310910 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Downregulation of histone deacetylase-4 (HDAC4) contributes to cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) because it promotes upregulation of runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2) and osteoarthritis-related genes. The effect of HDAC4 upregulation on cartilage damage in OA remains unknown. METHODS Rat chondrocytes were infected with Ad-GFP or Ad-HDAC4-GFP for 48 h, stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β, 10 ng/mL) for 24 h, and then harvested for RT-qPCR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats in 3 groups were given anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) or sham operation, and knee injections with different adenovirus (Ad) vectors at 48 h after surgery and every 3 weeks thereafter: ACLT+Ad-GFP (n = 17); ACLT+Ad-HDAC4-GFP (n = 20); and sham+Ad-GFP (n = 15). Three ACLT-Ad-HDAC4-GFP rats were sacrificed at different times to examine the expression of HDAC4. Two ACLT-Ad-GFP rats and two ACLT-Ad-HDAC4-GFP rats were euthanized at week-2; articular cartilage was harvested and expression of HDAC4 was determined by RT-qPCR. All other rats were euthanized at week-8. Cartilage damage and OA progression was assessed using radiography, fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT), histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Overexpression of HDAC4 in chondrocytes stimulated by IL-1β reduced the levels of Runx-2, MMP-13, and Collagen X, but increased the levels of Collagen II and Aggrecan. Upregulation of HDAC4 reduced osteophyte formation and cartilage damage, and increased articular cartilage anabolism. CONCLUSION HDAC4 attenuated articular cartilage damage by repression of Runx-2, MMP-13, and collagen X and induction of collagen II and ACAN in this rat model of OA. Upregulation of HDAC4 may provide chondroprotection in OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peng-Cui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xian-da Che
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Rui-Peng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jian-Gong Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
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Chen R, Qiu H, Tong Y, Liao F, Hu X, Qiu Y, Liao Y. MiRNA-19a-3p alleviates the progression of osteoporosis by targeting HDAC4 to promote the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:666-672. [PMID: 31248594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the function of microRNA-19a-3p (miRNA-19a-3p) in the osteogenic differentiation of human-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the potential mechanism. Serum levels of miRNA-19a-3p, RUNX2 and OCN in osteoporosis patients and controls were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content and calcification ability during the process of osteogenic differentiation were examined by ALP staining and alizarin red staining, respectively. After altering miRNA-19a-3p level by transfection of miRNA-19a-3p mimic or inhibitor, we detected relative levels of miRNA-19a-3p, RUNX2 and OCN in hMSCs by qRT-PCR. The binding relationship between miRNA-19a-3p and HDAC4 was predicted by TargetScan and further verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Relative expression of HDAC4 was detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR in hMSCs transfected with miRNA-19a-3p mimic or inhibitor. Regulatory effects of miRNA-19a-3p/HDAC4 axis on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs were evaluated. MiRNA-19a-3p was downregulated in osteoporosis patients. Its level gradually increased in hMSCs with the prolongation of osteogenic differentiation. Overexpression of miRNA-19a-3p upregulated levels of RUNX2 and OCN, and enhanced ALP activity. Knockdown of miRNA-19a-3p obtained the opposite trends. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay verified that miRNA-19a-3p could target to 3'UTR of HDAC4. Protein level of HDAC4 was negatively regulated by miRNA-19a-3p in hMSCs. More importantly, co-overexpression of miRNA-19a-3p and HDAC4 could reverse the regulatory effects of miRNA-19a-3p on enhancing ALP activity and upregulating RUNX2 and OCN. MiRNA-19a-3p promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs by inhibiting HDAC4 expression, thus alleviating the progression of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Hanmin Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Department of Endocrine, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Fake Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Xiunian Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Yongrong Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Yuanjun Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China.
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Xiao L, Ding B, Xu S, Gao J, Yang B, Wang J, Xu H. circRNA_0058097 promotes tension-induced degeneration of endplate chondrocytes by regulating HDAC4 expression through sponge adsorption of miR-365a-5p. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:418-429. [PMID: 31222836 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mechanical tension can lead to the degeneration of endplate chondrocytes. The presence of tension-sensitive circRNA_0058097 molecules has been detected in human endplate chondrocytes, where it was found to be a potential competing endogenous RNA. Indeed, inhibiting the expression of circRNA_0058097 effectively enhanced the stress resistance of endplate chondrocytes, suggesting that it may be an important trigger point for the degeneration of endplate cartilage. Through a series of experiments, we reveal that circRNA_0058097 can upregulate the expression of downstream target gene histone deacetylase 4 by sponge adsorption of miR-365a-5p, which promoted morphological changes of endplate chondrocytes, and increased extracellular matrix degradation and degeneration of endplate cartilage. Therefore, circRNA_0058097 may provide a new way to prevent and treat endplate cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Spine Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Baiyang Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Spine Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Spine Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jianming Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Spine Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Bijing Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Spine Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Spine Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hongguang Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Spine Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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20
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Hepatic Osteodystrophy-Molecular Mechanisms Proposed to Favor Its Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102555. [PMID: 31137669 PMCID: PMC6566554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) show altered bone metabolism. Depending on the etiology, this manifests in a severe osteoporosis in up to 75% of the affected patients. Due to high prevalence, the generic term hepatic osteodystrophy (HOD) evolved, describing altered bone metabolism, decreased bone mineral density, and deterioration of bone structure in patients with CLD. Once developed, HOD is difficult to treat and increases the risk of fragility fractures. Existing fractures affect the quality of life and, more importantly, long-term prognosis of these patients, which presents with increased mortality. Thus, special care is required to support the healing process. However, for early diagnosis (reduce fracture risk) and development of adequate treatment strategies (support healing of existing fractures), it is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms that link disturbed liver function with this bone phenotype. In the present review, we summarize proposed molecular mechanisms favoring the development of HOD and compromising the healing of associated fractures, including alterations in vitamin D metabolism and action, disbalances in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling with histone deacetylases (HDACs) as secondary regulators, as well as alterations in the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)–osteoprotegerin (OPG) system mediated by sclerostin. Based on these mechanisms, we give an overview on the limitations of early diagnosis of HOD with established serum markers.
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21
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Hodgson D, Rowan AD, Falciani F, Proctor CJ. Systems biology reveals how altered TGFβ signalling with age reduces protection against pro-inflammatory stimuli. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006685. [PMID: 30677026 PMCID: PMC6363221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition caused by dysregulation of multiple molecular signalling pathways. Such dysregulation results in damage to cartilage, a smooth and protective tissue that enables low friction articulation of synovial joints. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-13, are key enzymes in the cleavage of type II collagen which is a vital component for cartilage integrity. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) can protect against pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated MMP expression. With age there is a change in the ratio of two TGFβ type I receptors (Alk1/Alk5), a shift that results in TGFβ losing its protective role in cartilage homeostasis. Instead, TGFβ promotes cartilage degradation which correlates with the spontaneous development of OA in murine models. However, the mechanism by which TGFβ protects against pro-inflammatory responses and how this changes with age has not been extensively studied. As TGFβ signalling is complex, we used systems biology to combine experimental and computational outputs to examine how the system changes with age. Experiments showed that the repressive effect of TGFβ on chondrocytes treated with a pro-inflammatory stimulus required Alk5. Computational modelling revealed two independent mechanisms were needed to explain the crosstalk between TGFβ and pro-inflammatory signalling pathways. A novel meta-analysis of microarray data from OA patient tissue was used to create a Cytoscape network representative of human OA and revealed the importance of inflammation. Combining the modelled genes with the microarray network provided a global overview into the crosstalk between the different signalling pathways involved in OA development. Our results provide further insights into the mechanisms that cause TGFβ signalling to change from a protective to a detrimental pathway in cartilage with ageing. Moreover, such a systems biology approach may enable restoration of the protective role of TGFβ as a potential therapy to prevent age-related loss of cartilage and the development of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hodgson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Rowan
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), United Kingdom
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Falciani
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), United Kingdom
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carole J. Proctor
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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22
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Javadian M, Gharibi T, Shekari N, Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh M, Mohammadi A, Hossieni A, Mohammadi H, Kazemi T. The role of microRNAs regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in breast cancer development, progression, and metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5399-5412. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Javadian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Najibeh Shekari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Arezoo Hossieni
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
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23
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Ricarte FR, Le Henaff C, Kolupaeva VG, Gardella TJ, Partridge NC. Parathyroid hormone(1-34) and its analogs differentially modulate osteoblastic Rankl expression via PKA/SIK2/SIK3 and PP1/PP2A-CRTC3 signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:20200-20213. [PMID: 30377251 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis can result from the loss of sex hormones and/or aging. Abaloparatide (ABL), an analog of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP(1-36)), is the second osteoanabolic therapy approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration after teriparatide (PTH(1-34)). All three peptides bind PTH/PTHrP receptor type 1 (PTHR1), but the effects of PTHrP(1-36) or ABL in the osteoblast remain unclear. We show that, in primary calvarial osteoblasts, PTH(1-34) promotes a more robust cAMP response than PTHrP(1-36) and ABL and causes a greater activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). All three peptides similarly inhibited sclerostin (Sost). Interestingly, the three peptides differentially modulated two other PKA target genes, c-Fos and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (Rankl), and the latter both in vitro and in vivo Knockdown of salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) 2 and 3 and CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3), indicated that all three are part of the pathway that regulates osteoblastic Rankl expression. We also show that the peptides differentially regulate the nuclear localization of CRTC2 and CRTC3, and that this correlates with PKA activation. Moreover, inhibition of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1/PP2A) activity revealed that they play a major role in both PTH-induced Rankl expression and the effects of PTH(1-34) on CRTC3 localization. In summary, in the osteoblast, the effects of PTH(1-34), PTHrP(1-36), and ABL on Rankl are mediated by differential stimulation of cAMP/PKA signaling and by their downstream effects on SIK2 and -3, PP1/PP2A, and CRTC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florante R Ricarte
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Carole Le Henaff
- the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, and
| | - Victoria G Kolupaeva
- the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, and
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016,; the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, and.
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24
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Arumugam B, Balagangadharan K, Selvamurugan N. Syringic acid, a phenolic acid, promotes osteoblast differentiation by stimulation of Runx2 expression and targeting of Smad7 by miR-21 in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:561-573. [PMID: 29350343 PMCID: PMC6039342 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Syringic acid (SA), a phenolic acid, has been used in Chinese and Indian medicine for treating diabetes but its role in osteogenesis has not yet been investigated. In the present study, at the molecular and cellular levels, we evaluated the effects of SA on osteoblast differentiation. At the cellular level, there was increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition by SA treatment in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). At the molecular level, SA treatment of these cells stimulated expression of Runx2, a bone transcription factor, and of osteoblast differentiation marker genes such as ALP, type I collagen, and osteocalcin. It is known that Smad7 is an antagonist of TGF-β/Smad signaling and is a negative regulator of Runx2. microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of osteogenesis genes at the post-transcriptional level and studies have reported that Smad7 is one of the target genes of miR-21. We found that there was down regulation of Smad7 and up regulation of miR-21 in SA-treated mMSCs. We further identified that the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of Smad7 was directly targeted by miR-21 in these cells. Thus, our results suggested that SA promotes osteoblast differentiation via increased expression of Runx2 by miR-21-mediated down regulation of Smad7. Hence, SA may have potential in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - K Balagangadharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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25
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Wein MN, Kronenberg HM. Regulation of Bone Remodeling by Parathyroid Hormone. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a031237. [PMID: 29358318 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) exerts profound effects on skeletal homeostasis through multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Continuous hyperparathyroidism causes net loss of bone mass, despite accelerating bone formation by osteoblasts. Intermittent treatment with PTH analogs represents the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved bone anabolic osteoporosis treatment strategy. Functional PTH receptors are present on cells of the osteoblast lineage, ranging from early skeletal stem cells to matrix-embedded osteocytes. In addition, bone remodeling by osteoclasts liberates latent growth factors present within bone matrix. Here, we will provide an overview of the multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms through which PTH influences bone homeostasis. Notably, net skeletal effects of continuous versus intermittent can differ significantly. Where possible, we will highlight mechanisms through which continuous hyperparathyroidism leads to bone loss, and through which intermittent hyperparathyroidism boosts bone mass. Given the therapeutic usage of intermittent PTH (iPTH) treatment for osteoporosis, particular attention will be paid toward mechanisms underlying the bone anabolic effects of once daily PTH administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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26
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Nakatani T, Chen T, Johnson J, Westendorf JJ, Partridge NC. The Deletion of Hdac4 in Mouse Osteoblasts Influences Both Catabolic and Anabolic Effects in Bone. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1362-1375. [PMID: 29544022 PMCID: PMC6457245 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 4 (Hdac4) is known to control chondrocyte hypertrophy and bone formation. We have previously shown that parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates many aspects of Hdac4 function in osteoblastic cells in vitro; however, in vivo confirmation was previously precluded by preweaning lethality of the Hdac4-deficient mice. To analyze the function of Hdac4 in bone in mature animals, we generated mice with osteoblast lineage-specific knockout of Hdac4 (Hdac4ob-/- ) by crossing transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of a 2.3-kb fragment of the Col1a1 promoter with mice bearing loxP-Hdac4. The Hdac4ob-/- mice survive to adulthood and developed a mild skeletal phenotype. At age 12 weeks, they had short, irregularly shaped and stiff tails due to smaller tail vertebrae, with almost no growth plates. The tibial growth plate zone was also thinned, and Mmp13 and Sost mRNAs were increased in the distal femurs of Hdac4ob-/- mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that sclerostin was elevated in Hdac4ob-/- mice, suggesting that Hdac4 inhibits its gene and protein expression. To determine the effect of PTH in these mice, hPTH (1-34) or saline were delivered for 14 days with subcutaneously implanted devices in 8-week-old female Hdac4ob-/- and wild-type (Hdac4fl/fl ) mice. Serum CTX, a marker of bone resorption, was increased in Hdac4ob-/- mice with or without PTH treatment. Tibial cortical bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), and relative cortical area (RCA) were decreased in Hdac4ob-/- mice, but PTH caused no further decrease in Hdac4ob-/- mice. Tibial trabecular BV/TV and thickness were not changed significantly in Hdac4ob-/- mice but decreased with PTH treatment. These results indicate that Hdac4 inhibits bone resorption and has anabolic effects via inhibiting Mmp13 and Sost/sclerostin expression. Hdac4 influences cortical bone mass and thickness and knockout of Hdac4 prevents the catabolic effect of PTH in cortical bone. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyo Nakatani
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiffany Chen
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Johnson
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicola C Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Mohanakrishnan V, Balasubramanian A, Mahalingam G, Partridge NC, Ramachandran I, Selvamurugan N. Parathyroid hormone-induced down-regulation of miR-532-5p for matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in rat osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6181-6193. [PMID: 29626351 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) acts on osteoblasts and functions as an essential regulator of calcium homeostasis and as a mediator of bone remodeling. We previously reported that PTH stimulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in rat osteoblasts and that MMP-13 plays a key role in bone remodeling, endochondral bone formation, and bone repair. Recent evidence indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) have regulatory functions in bone metabolism. In this study, we hypothesized that the down-regulation of miRNAs that target MMP-13 by PTH leads to the stimulation of MMP-13 expression in osteoblasts. We used various bioinformatic tools to identify miRNAs that putatively target rat MMP-13. Among these miRNAs, the expression of miR-532-5p in rat osteoblasts decreased at 4 h of PTH-treatment, whereas MMP-13 mRNA expression was maximal at the same time point. When an miR-532-5p mimic was transiently transfected into UMR-106-01 cells, MMP-13 mRNA and protein expression decreased. Using a luciferase reporter assay system, we also identified that miR-532-5p directly targeted the 3' UTRs of MMP-13 gene. Based on these results, we suggest that PTH-induced down-regulation of miR-532-5p resulted in the stimulation of MMP-13 expression in rat osteoblasts. This study identified a significant role of miRNA in controlling bone remodeling via PTH-stimulated MMP-13 expression. This finding enhances our understanding of bone metabolism and bone-related diseases and it could provide information regarding the usage of miRNAs as therapeutic agents or biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Mohanakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokulnath Mahalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nicola Chennell Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York University, New York
| | - Ilangovan Ramachandran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Matrix metalloproteinase-13: A special focus on its regulation by signaling cascades and microRNAs in bone. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:338-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Takagi K, Yamakuchi M, Matsuyama T, Kondo K, Uchida A, Misono S, Hashiguchi T, Inoue H. IL-13 enhances mesenchymal transition of pulmonary artery endothelial cells via down-regulation of miR-424/503 in vitro. Cell Signal 2017; 42:270-280. [PMID: 29102771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has a major effect on life expectancy with functional degeneracy of the lungs and right heart. Interleukin-13 (IL-13), one of the type 2 cytokines mainly associated with allergic diseases, has recently been reported to be associated with Schistosomiasis-associated PAH which shares pathological features with other forms of PAH, such as idiopathic PAH and connective tissue disease-associated PAH. But a direct pathological role of IL-13 in the development of PAH has not been explored. We examined the effects of recombinant human IL-13 on the function of primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) to examine how IL-13 influences exacerbation of PAH. IL-13 increased the expression of Rictor, which is a key molecule of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2. Treatment of IL-13 induced HPAEC migration via Rictor. Rictor was directly regulated by both miR-424 and 503 (miR-424/503). Therefore, IL-13 increases Rictor level by regulating miR-424/503, causing the increase of HPAEC migration. Since enhancement of HPAEC migration in the lung is thought to be associated with PAH, these data suggest that IL-13 takes some roles in exacerbating PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Takagi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Munekazu Yamakuchi
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kondo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Akifumi Uchida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Misono
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Teruto Hashiguchi
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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30
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Nakatani T, Partridge NC. MEF2C Interacts With c-FOS in PTH-Stimulated Mmp13 Gene Expression in Osteoblastic Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3778-3791. [PMID: 28973134 PMCID: PMC5695834 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the transcription of many genes in the osteoblast. One of these genes is Mmp13, which is involved in bone remodeling and early stages of endochondral bone formation. Previously, we reported that PTH induces Mmp13 transcription by regulating the dissociation of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) from runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and the association of the HATs, p300, and p300/CREB binding protein (CBP)-associated factor. It is known that, in addition to Runx2, HDAC4 binds to the transcription factor, myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2c (MEF2C), and represses its activity. In this work, we investigated whether MEF2C participates in PTH-stimulated Mmp13 gene expression in osteoblastic cells and how it does so. Knockdown of Mef2c in UMR 106-01 cells repressed Mmp13 messenger RNA expression and promoter activity with or without PTH treatment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that MEF2C associated with the Mmp13 promoter; this increased after 4 hours of PTH treatment. ChIP-reChIP results indicate that endogenous MEF2C associates with HDAC4 on the Mmp13 promoter; after PTH treatment, this association decreased. From gel shift, ChIP, and promoter-reporter assays, MEF2C was found to associate with the activator protein-1 (AP-1) site without directly binding to DNA and had its stimulatory effect through interaction with c-FOS. In conclusion, MEF2C is necessary for Mmp13 gene expression at the transcriptional level and participates in PTH-stimulated Mmp13 gene expression by increased binding to c-FOS at the AP-1 site in the Mmp13 promoter. The observation of MEF2C interacting with a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family provides knowledge of the functions of HDAC4, c-FOS, and MEF2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyo Nakatani
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010
| | - Nicola C. Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010
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31
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Paiva KBS, Granjeiro JM. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Bone Resorption, Remodeling, and Repair. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:203-303. [PMID: 28662823 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the major protease family responsible for the cleavage of the matrisome (global composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteome) and proteins unrelated to the ECM, generating bioactive molecules. These proteins drive ECM remodeling, in association with tissue-specific and cell-anchored inhibitors (TIMPs and RECK, respectively). In the bone, the ECM mediates cell adhesion, mechanotransduction, nucleation of mineralization, and the immobilization of growth factors to protect them from damage or degradation. Since the first description of an MMP in bone tissue, many other MMPs have been identified, as well as their inhibitors. Numerous functions have been assigned to these proteins, including osteoblast/osteocyte differentiation, bone formation, solubilization of the osteoid during bone resorption, osteoclast recruitment and migration, and as a coupling factor in bone remodeling under physiological conditions. In turn, a number of pathologies, associated with imbalanced bone remodeling, arise mainly from MMP overexpression and abnormalities of the ECM, leading to bone osteolysis or bone formation. In this review, we will discuss the functions of MMPs and their inhibitors in bone cells, during bone remodeling, pathological bone resorption (osteoporosis and bone metastasis), bone repair/regeneration, and emergent roles in bone bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiucia B S Paiva
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction (LabMec), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José M Granjeiro
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (InMetro), Bioengineering Laboratory, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil; Fluminense Federal University, Dental School, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Ayerst BI, Merry CLR, Day AJ. The Good the Bad and the Ugly of Glycosaminoglycans in Tissue Engineering Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E54. [PMID: 28608822 PMCID: PMC5490411 DOI: 10.3390/ph10020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High sulfation, low cost, and the status of heparin as an already FDA- and EMA- approved product, mean that its inclusion in tissue engineering (TE) strategies is becoming increasingly popular. However, the use of heparin may represent a naïve approach. This is because tissue formation is a highly orchestrated process, involving the temporal expression of numerous growth factors and complex signaling networks. While heparin may enhance the retention and activity of certain growth factors under particular conditions, its binding 'promiscuity' means that it may also inhibit other factors that, for example, play an important role in tissue maintenance and repair. Within this review we focus on articular cartilage, highlighting the complexities and highly regulated processes that are involved in its formation, and the challenges that exist in trying to effectively engineer this tissue. Here we discuss the opportunities that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) may provide in advancing this important area of regenerative medicine, placing emphasis on the need to move away from the common use of heparin, and instead focus research towards the utility of specific GAG preparations that are able to modulate the activity of growth factors in a more controlled and defined manner, with less off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethanie I Ayerst
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Arumugam B, Vairamani M, Partridge NC, Selvamurugan N. Characterization of Runx2 phosphorylation sites required for TGF‐β1‐mediated stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 expression in osteoblastic cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1082-1094. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariappanadar Vairamani
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of BioengineeringSRM UniversityKattankulathurTamil NaduIndia
| | - Nicola C. Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of Dentistry, New York UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of BioengineeringSRM UniversityKattankulathurTamil NaduIndia
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Xu D, Gao Y, Hu N, Wu L, Chen Q. miR-365 Ameliorates Dexamethasone-Induced Suppression of Osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1 Cells by Targeting HDAC4. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050977. [PMID: 28471397 PMCID: PMC5454890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid administration is the leading cause of secondary osteoporosis. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is associated with glucocorticoid-induced bone loss and that HDAC4 dependent bone loss can be ameliorated by miRNA-365. Our previous studies showed that miR-365 mediates mechanical stimulation of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by targeting HDAC4. However, it is not clear whether miR-365 has an effect on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. We have shown that, in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, dexamethasone (DEX) treatment decreased the expression of miR-365, which is accompanied by the decrease of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Transfection of miR-365 ameliorated DEX-induced inhibition of MC3T3-E1 cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity, and attenuated the suppressive effect of DEX on runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), and collagen 1a1 (Col1a1) osteogenic gene expression. In addition, miR-365 decreased the expression of HDAC4 mRNA and protein by direct targeting the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of HDAC4 mRNA in osteoblasts. MiR-365 increased Runx2 expression and such stimulatory effect could be reversed by HDAC4 over-expression in osteoblasts. Collectively, our findings indicate that miR-365 ameliorates DEX-induced suppression of cell viability and osteogenesis by regulating the expression of HDAC4 in osteoblasts, suggesting miR-365 might be a novel therapeutic agent for treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Longhuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
- Bone and Joint Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Duncan HF, Smith AJ, Fleming GJP, Partridge NC, Shimizu E, Moran GP, Cooper PR. The Histone-Deacetylase-Inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Promotes Dental Pulp Repair Mechanisms Through Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Activity. J Cell Physiol 2017; 231:798-816. [PMID: 26264761 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Direct application of histone-deacetylase-inhibitors (HDACis) to dental pulp cells (DPCs) induces chromatin changes, promoting gene expression and cellular-reparative events. We have previously demonstrated that HDACis (valproic acid, trichostatin A) increase mineralization in dental papillae-derived cell-lines and primary DPCs by stimulation of dentinogenic gene expression. Here, we investigated novel genes regulated by the HDACi, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), to identify new pathways contributing to DPC differentiation. SAHA significantly compromised DPC viability only at relatively high concentrations (5 μM); while low concentrations (1 μM) SAHA did not increase apoptosis. HDACi-exposure for 24 h induced mineralization-per-cell dose-dependently after 2 weeks; however, constant 14d SAHA-exposure inhibited mineralization. Microarray analysis (24 h and 14 days) of SAHA exposed cultures highlighted that 764 transcripts showed a significant >2.0-fold change at 24 h, which reduced to 36 genes at 14 days. 59% of genes were down-regulated at 24 h and 36% at 14 days, respectively. Pathway analysis indicated SAHA increased expression of members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. Furthermore, SAHA-supplementation increased MMP-13 protein expression (7 d, 14 days) and enzyme activity (48 h, 14 days). Selective MMP-13-inhibition (MMP-13i) dose-dependently accelerated mineralization in both SAHA-treated and non-treated cultures. MMP-13i-supplementation promoted expression of several mineralization-associated markers, however, HDACi-induced cell migration and wound healing were impaired. Data demonstrate that short-term low-dose SAHA-exposure promotes mineralization in DPCs by modulating gene pathways and tissue proteases. MMP-13i further increased mineralization-associated events, but decreased HDACi cell migration indicating a specific role for MMP-13 in pulpal repair processes. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC and MMP may provide novel insights into pulpal repair processes with significant translational benefit. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 798-816, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anthony J Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Garry J P Fleming
- Material Science Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York
| | - Gary P Moran
- Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Wein MN, Liang Y, Goransson O, Sundberg TB, Wang J, Williams EA, O'Meara MJ, Govea N, Beqo B, Nishimori S, Nagano K, Brooks DJ, Martins JS, Corbin B, Anselmo A, Sadreyev R, Wu JY, Sakamoto K, Foretz M, Xavier RJ, Baron R, Bouxsein ML, Gardella TJ, Divieti-Pajevic P, Gray NS, Kronenberg HM. SIKs control osteocyte responses to parathyroid hormone. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13176. [PMID: 27759007 PMCID: PMC5075806 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates receptors on osteocytes to orchestrate bone formation and resorption. Here we show that PTH inhibition of SOST (sclerostin), a WNT antagonist, requires HDAC4 and HDAC5, whereas PTH stimulation of RANKL, a stimulator of bone resorption, requires CRTC2. Salt inducible kinases (SIKs) control subcellular localization of HDAC4/5 and CRTC2. PTH regulates both HDAC4/5 and CRTC2 localization via phosphorylation and inhibition of SIK2. Like PTH, new small molecule SIK inhibitors cause decreased phosphorylation and increased nuclear translocation of HDAC4/5 and CRTC2. SIK inhibition mimics many of the effects of PTH in osteocytes as assessed by RNA-seq in cultured osteocytes and following in vivo administration. Once daily treatment with the small molecule SIK inhibitor YKL-05-099 increases bone formation and bone mass. Therefore, a major arm of PTH signalling in osteocytes involves SIK inhibition, and small molecule SIK inhibitors may be applied therapeutically to mimic skeletal effects of PTH. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an endogenous hormone and osteoporosis therapeutic that suppresses sclerostin activity. Here the authors develop SIK inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools and use them to show that PTH-cAMP signalling in osteocytes inhibits SIK2 from driving Hdac4/5 nuclear shuttling to suppress sclerostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Yanke Liang
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biologic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Olga Goransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Box 188, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas B Sundberg
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biologic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Williams
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Maureen J O'Meara
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Nicolas Govea
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Belinda Beqo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Shigeki Nishimori
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, US
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Janaina S Martins
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Braden Corbin
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Anthony Anselmo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr a175, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Universite Paris Descartes Sorbonne Pairs Cite, Paris 75013, France
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, US
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Paola Divieti-Pajevic
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 100 E Newton Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biologic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Frisch J, Cucchiarini M. Gene- and Stem Cell-Based Approaches to Regulate Hypertrophic Differentiation in Articular Cartilage Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1495-1512. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Frisch
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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38
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Guida N, Laudati G, Mascolo L, Cuomo O, Anzilotti S, Sirabella R, Santopaolo M, Galgani M, Montuori P, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LMT, Formisano L. MC1568 Inhibits Thimerosal-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death by Preventing HDAC4 Up-Regulation in Neuronal Cells and in Rat Prefrontal Cortex. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:227-240. [PMID: 27660204 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylmercury thiosalicylate (thimerosal) is an organic mercury-based compound commonly used as an antimicrobial preservative that has been found to be neurotoxic. In contrast, histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibition has been found to be neuroprotective against several environmental contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, and methylmercury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HDAC inhibition on thimerosal-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells and cortical neurons. Interestingly, we found that thimerosal, at 0.5 μM in SH-SY5Y cells and at 1 μM in neurons, caused cell death by activation of apoptosis, which was prevented by the HDAC class IIA inhibitor MC1568 but not the class I inhibitor MS275. Furthermore, thimerosal specifically increased HDAC4 protein expression but not that of HDACs 5, 6, 7, and 9. Western blot analysis revealed that MC1568 prevented thimerosal-induced HDAC4 increase. In addition, both HDAC4 knocking-down and MC1568 inhibited thimerosal-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells and cortical neurons. Importantly, intramuscular injection of 12 μg/kg thimerosal on postnatal days 7, 9, 11, and 15 increased HDAC4 levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which decreased histone H4 acetylation in infant male rats, in parallel increased motor activity changes. In addition, coadministration of 40 mg/kg MC1568 (intraperitoneal injection) moderated the HDAC4 increase which reduced histone H4 deacetylation and caspase-3 cleavage in the PFC. Finally, open-field testing showed that thimerosal-induced motor activity changes are reduced by MC1568. These findings indicate that HDAC4 regulates thimerosal-induced cell death in neurons and that treatment with MC1568 prevents thimerosal-induced activation of caspase-3 in the rat PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Mascolo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | | | - Rossana Sirabella
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" Napoli, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Paolo Montuori
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Renzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lorella M T Canzoniero
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy.,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy .,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
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Nakatani T, Chen T, Partridge NC. MMP-13 is one of the critical mediators of the effect of HDAC4 deletion on the skeleton. Bone 2016; 90:142-51. [PMID: 27320207 PMCID: PMC4970950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 4 (Hdac4) regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy. Hdac4(-/-) mice are runted in size and do not survive to weaning. This phenotype is primarily due to the acceleration of onset of chondrocyte hypertrophy and, as a consequence, inappropriate endochondral mineralization. Previously, we reported that Hdac4 is a repressor of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (Mmp13) transcription, and the absence of Hdac4 leads to increased expression of MMP-13 both in vitro (osteoblastic cells) and in vivo (hypertrophic chondrocytes and trabecular osteoblasts). MMP-13 is thought to be involved in endochondral ossification and bone remodeling. To identify whether the phenotype of Hdac4(-/-) mice is due to up-regulation of MMP-13, we generated Hdac4/Mmp13 double knockout mice and determined the ability of deletion of MMP-13 to rescue the Hdac4(-/-) mouse phenotype. Mmp13(-/-) mice have normal body size. Hdac4(-/-)/Mmp13(-/-) double knockout mice are significantly heavier and larger than Hdac4(-/-) mice, they survive longer, and they recover the thickness of their growth plate zones. In Hdac4(-/-)/Mmp13(-/-) double knockout mice, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and TRAP-positive osteoclasts were restored (together with an increase in Mmp9 expression) but osteocalcin (OCN) was not. Micro-CT analysis of the tibiae revealed that Hdac4(-/-) mice have significantly decreased cortical bone area compared with the wild type mice. In addition, the bone architectural parameter, bone porosity, was significantly decreased in Hdac4(-/-) mice. Hdac4(-/-)/Mmp13(-/-) double knockout mice recover these cortical parameters. Likewise, Hdac4(-/-) mice exhibit significantly increased Tb.Th and bone mineral density (BMD) while the Hdac4(-/-)/Mmp13(-/-) mice significantly recovered these parameters toward normal for this age. Taken together, our findings indicate that the phenotype seen in the Hdac4(-/-) mice is partially derived from elevation in MMP-13 and may be due to a bone remodeling disorder caused by overexpression of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyo Nakatani
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Tiffany Chen
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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40
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Abstract
The involvement of the epigenome in complex diseases is becoming increasingly clear and more feasible to study due to new genomic and computational technologies. Moreover, therapies altering the activities of proteins that modify and interpret the epigenome are available to treat cancers and neurological disorders. Many additional uses have been proposed for these drugs based on promising preclinical results, including in arthritis models. Understanding the effects of epigenomic drugs on the skeleton is of interest because of its importance in maintaining overall health and fitness. In this review, we summarize ongoing advancements in how one class of epigenetic modifiers, histone deacetylases (Hdacs), controls normal cartilage development and homeostasis, as well as recent work aimed at understanding the alterations in the expression and activities of these enzymes in osteoarthritis (OA). We also review recent studies utilizing Hdac inhibitors and discuss the potential therapeutic benefits and limitations of these drugs for preventing cartilage destruction in OA.
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41
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Parathyroid hormone receptor signalling in osterix-expressing mesenchymal progenitors is essential for tooth root formation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11277. [PMID: 27068606 PMCID: PMC4832076 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental root formation is a dynamic process in which mesenchymal cells migrate toward the site of the future root, differentiate and secrete dentin and cementum. However, the identities of dental mesenchymal progenitors are largely unknown. Here we show that cells expressing osterix are mesenchymal progenitors contributing to all relevant cell types during morphogenesis. The majority of cells expressing parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) are in the dental follicle and on the root surface, and deletion of its receptor (PPR) in these progenitors leads to failure of eruption and significantly truncated roots lacking periodontal ligaments. The PPR-deficient progenitors exhibit accelerated cementoblast differentiation with upregulation of nuclear factor I/C (Nfic). Deletion of histone deacetylase-4 (HDAC4) partially recapitulates the PPR deletion root phenotype. These findings indicate that PPR signalling in dental mesenchymal progenitors is essential for tooth root formation, underscoring importance of the PTHrP-PPR system during root morphogenesis and tooth eruption.
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42
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Magnusson LU, Hagberg Thulin M, Plas P, Olsson A, Damber JE, Welén K. Tasquinimod inhibits prostate cancer growth in bone through alterations in the bone microenvironment. Prostate 2016; 76:383-93. [PMID: 26660725 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tasquinimod (ABR-215050) is an orally active quinoline-3-carboxamide analog that inhibits occurrence of experimental metastasis and delays disease progression of castration resistant prostate cancer in humans. Its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, but previous studies show immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the tumor inhibiting effect of tasquinimod in bone of castrated mice as well as to elucidate its working mechanism related to bone microenvironment. METHODS Effects of tasquinimod on prostate cancer metastasis to bone was studied in an intratibial xenograft model. Animals were treated with tasquinimod and tumor establishment and growth, immunological status, as well as markers for bone remodeling were analyzed. Direct effects of tasquinimod on osteoblasts were studied in vitro. RESULTS Establishment and growth of tumors in the bone after intratibial implantation in castrated mice was suppressed by tasquinimod treatment. The treatment effect was linked to decreased potential for immunosuppression in the pre-metastatic niche in bone (lower levels of CD206 and Arg1 expression in combination with increased iNOS expression) as well as in the tumor microenvironment (less Gr1 and CD206 staining). The shift to a pro-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic milieu was also reflected in serum by increased levels of IFN-γ, CCL4, IL-5, LIX, IP-10, and MCP-1 as well as decreased TGF-β. Tasquinimod treatment also affected expression of factors involved in the pre-metastatic niche in the bone microenvironment (Lox, Cdh2, Cdh11, and Cxcl12). In addition, tasquinimod treatment caused a decreased osteogenic response indicated by decreased expression of Ocn, Runx2, and Col1a2 and increased expression of osteoclast stimulating CSF2. In vitro studies on mouse osteoblasts showed impaired osteoblast mineralization upon tasquinimod treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that tasquinimod reduces establishment and progression of tumor growth in bone likely through a combination of effects on the pre-metastatic niche, homing, immunological status, and osteogenesis. It was concluded that tasquinimod interferes with the metastatic process, presumably by inhibition of tumor establishment. Hence, our data suggest that tasquinimod might be most effective in inhibiting the occurrence of new metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa U Magnusson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Hagberg Thulin
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jan-Erik Damber
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Welén
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ricarte F, Nakatani T, Partridge N. PTH Signaling and Epigenetic Control of Bone Remodeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:55-61. [PMID: 27152252 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-016-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As our understanding of the mechanisms that govern bone development advance, the role of epigenetic modifications in these processes become increasingly evident. Interestingly, in parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced bone metabolism and remodeling, recent evidence shows that PTH signaling employs a particular facet of the epigenetic machinery to elicit its desired effects. In this review, we briefly discuss the known epigenetic events occurring in cells of the osteoblast lineage. More specifically, we elaborate on current findings that reveal the utilization of histone deacetylating enzymes (HDACs) in PTH-regulated modulation of gene expression in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florante Ricarte
- New York University School of Medicine, Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY 10016
| | - Teruyo Nakatani
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York, NY 10010
| | - Nicola Partridge
- New York University School of Medicine, Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY 10016; New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York, NY 10010
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Bradley EW, Carpio LR, van Wijnen AJ, McGee-Lawrence ME, Westendorf JJ. Histone Deacetylases in Bone Development and Skeletal Disorders. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1359-81. [PMID: 26378079 PMCID: PMC4600951 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (Hdacs) are conserved enzymes that remove acetyl groups from lysine side chains in histones and other proteins. Eleven of the 18 Hdacs encoded by the human and mouse genomes depend on Zn(2+) for enzymatic activity, while the other 7, the sirtuins (Sirts), require NAD2(+). Collectively, Hdacs and Sirts regulate numerous cellular and mitochondrial processes including gene transcription, DNA repair, protein stability, cytoskeletal dynamics, and signaling pathways to affect both development and aging. Of clinical relevance, Hdacs inhibitors are United States Food and Drug Administration-approved cancer therapeutics and are candidate therapies for other common diseases including arthritis, diabetes, epilepsy, heart disease, HIV infection, neurodegeneration, and numerous aging-related disorders. Hdacs and Sirts influence skeletal development, maintenance of mineral density and bone strength by affecting intramembranous and endochondral ossification, as well as bone resorption. With few exceptions, inhibition of Hdac or Sirt activity though either loss-of-function mutations or prolonged chemical inhibition has negative and/or toxic effects on skeletal development and bone mineral density. Specifically, Hdac/Sirt suppression causes abnormalities in physiological development such as craniofacial dimorphisms, short stature, and bone fragility that are associated with several human syndromes or diseases. In contrast, activation of Sirts may protect the skeleton from aging and immobilization-related bone loss. This knowledge may prolong healthspan and prevent adverse events caused by epigenetic therapies that are entering the clinical realm at an unprecedented rate. In this review, we summarize the general properties of Hdacs/Sirts and the research that has revealed their essential functions in bone forming cells (e.g., osteoblasts and chondrocytes) and bone resorbing osteoclasts. Finally, we offer predictions on future research in this area and the utility of this knowledge for orthopedic applications and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Bradley
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lomeli R Carpio
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
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45
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Li T, Li H, Li T, Fan J, Zhao RC, Weng X. MicroRNA expression profile of dexamethasone-induced human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1683-91. [PMID: 24802236 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs have been identified in various plants and animals where they function in post-transcriptional regulation. Although studies revealed that dexamethasone play a pivotal role in the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), the identification of specific miRNAs and their regulatory roles in this process remain poorly defined. In this study, microarrays were used to analyze the miRNA expression profile of dexamethasone-induced hBMSCs derived from three donors, and RT-PCRs were used to confirm the microarray results. Nine upregulated miRNAs and seven downregulated miRNAs were identified. The putative target genes of these miRNAs were predicted using bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, we focused our attention on the functional analysis of an upregulated miRNA, miR-23a. Overexpression of miR-23a inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs at the cellular, mRNA, and protein levels. The results of our study provide an experimental basis for further research on miRNAs functions during osteogenic differentiation of dexamethasone-induced hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
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Abstract
Due to a blood supply shortage, articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-healing once damaged. Articular chondrocytes, cartilage progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells are candidate cells for cartilage regeneration. Significant current attention is paid to improving chondrogenic differentiation capacity; unfortunately, the potential chondrogenic hypertrophy of differentiated cells is largely overlooked. Consequently, the engineered tissue is actually a transient cartilage rather than a permanent one. The development of hypertrophic cartilage ends with the onset of endochondral bone formation which has inferior mechanical properties. In this review, current strategies for inhibition of chondrogenic hypertrophy are comprehensively summarized; the impact of cell source options is discussed; and potential mechanisms underlying these strategies are also categorized. This paper aims to provide guidelines for the prevention of hypertrophy in the regeneration of cartilage tissue. This knowledge may also facilitate the retardation of osteophytes in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Peiliang Fu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ruijun Cong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 10th People's Hospital of Shanghai, Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - HaiShan Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Corresponding author. Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA. Tel.: +1 304 293 1072; fax: +1 304 293 7070.
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Wein MN, Spatz J, Nishimori S, Doench J, Root D, Babij P, Nagano K, Baron R, Brooks D, Bouxsein M, Pajevic PD, Kronenberg HM. HDAC5 controls MEF2C-driven sclerostin expression in osteocytes. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:400-11. [PMID: 25271055 PMCID: PMC4342334 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes secrete paracrine factors that regulate the balance between bone formation and destruction. Among these molecules, sclerostin (encoded by the gene SOST) inhibits osteoblastic bone formation and is an osteoporosis drug target. The molecular mechanisms underlying SOST expression remain largely unexplored. Here, we report that histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) negatively regulates sclerostin levels in osteocytes in vitro and in vivo. HDAC5 shRNA increases, whereas HDAC5 overexpression decreases SOST expression in the novel murine Ocy454 osteocytic cell line. HDAC5 knockout mice show increased levels of SOST mRNA, more sclerostin-positive osteocytes, decreased Wnt activity, low trabecular bone density, and reduced bone formation by osteoblasts. In osteocytes, HDAC5 binds and inhibits the function of MEF2C, a crucial transcription factor for SOST expression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we have mapped endogenous MEF2C binding in the SOST gene to a distal intergenic enhancer 45 kB downstream from the transcription start site. HDAC5 deficiency increases SOST enhancer MEF2C chromatin association and H3K27 acetylation and decreases recruitment of corepressors NCoR and HDAC3. HDAC5 associates with and regulates the transcriptional activity of this enhancer, suggesting direct regulation of SOST gene expression by HDAC5 in osteocytes. Finally, increased sclerostin production achieved by HDAC5 shRNA is abrogated by simultaneous knockdown of MEF2C, indicating that MEF2C is a major target of HDAC5 in osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N. Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jordan Spatz
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard–Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Bioastronautics Program, Cambridge, MA, 02139
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, BIDMC, Boston, MA, 02215
| | | | - John Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - David Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Philip Babij
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
| | | | - Roland Baron
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, BIDMC, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Mary Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, BIDMC, Boston, MA, 02215
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48
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Zhao H, Zhou W, Yao Z, Wan Y, Cao J, Zhang L, Zhao J, Li H, Zhou R, Li B, Wei G, Zhang Z, French CA, Dekker JD, Yang Y, Fisher SE, Tucker HO, Guo X. Foxp1/2/4 regulate endochondral ossification as a suppresser complex. Dev Biol 2015; 398:242-54. [PMID: 25527076 PMCID: PMC4342236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast induction and differentiation in developing long bones is dynamically controlled by the opposing action of transcriptional activators and repressors. In contrast to the long list of activators that have been discovered over past decades, the network of repressors is not well-defined. Here we identify the expression of Foxp1/2/4 proteins, comprised of Forkhead-box (Fox) transcription factors of the Foxp subfamily, in both perichondrial skeletal progenitors and proliferating chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. Mice carrying loss-of-function and gain-of-function Foxp mutations had gross defects in appendicular skeleton formation. At the cellular level, over-expression of Foxp1/2/4 in chondroctyes abrogated osteoblast formation and chondrocyte hypertrophy. Conversely, single or compound deficiency of Foxp1/2/4 in skeletal progenitors or chondrocytes resulted in premature osteoblast differentiation in the perichondrium, coupled with impaired proliferation, survival, and hypertrophy of chondrocytes in the growth plate. Foxp1/2/4 and Runx2 proteins interacted in vitro and in vivo, and Foxp1/2/4 repressed Runx2 transactivation function in heterologous cells. This study establishes Foxp1/2/4 proteins as coordinators of osteogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy in developing long bones and suggests that a novel transcriptional repressor network involving Foxp1/2/4 may regulate Runx2 during endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenrong Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhengju Yao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianzhi Zhao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rujiang Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated the Sixth People׳s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Catherine A French
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joseph D Dekker
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Developmental Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Haley O Tucker
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xizhi Guo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Fei Y, Shimizu E, McBurney MW, Partridge NC. Sirtuin 1 is a negative regulator of parathyroid hormone stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression in osteoblastic cells: role of sirtuin 1 in the action of PTH on osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8373-82. [PMID: 25631045 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the only current anabolic treatment for osteoporosis in the United States. PTH stimulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) in bone. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD-dependent deacetylase, participates in a variety of human diseases. Here we identify a role for SIRT1 in the action of PTH in osteoblasts. We observed increased Mmp13 mRNA expression and protein levels in bone from Sirt1 knock-out mice compared with wild type mice. PTH-induced Mmp13 expression was significantly blocked by the SIRT1 activator, resveratrol, in osteoblastic UMR 106-01 cells. In contrast, the SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527, significantly enhanced PTH-induced Mmp13 expression. Two h of PTH treatment augmented SIRT1 association with c-Jun, a component of the transcription factor complex, activator protein 1 (AP-1), and promoted SIRT1 association with the AP-1 site of the Mmp13 promoter. This binding was further increased by resveratrol, implicating SIRT1 as a feedback inhibitor regulating Mmp13 transcription. The AP-1 site of the Mmp13 promoter is required for PTH stimulation of Mmp13 transcriptional activity. When the AP-1 site was mutated, EX527 was unable to increase PTH-stimulated Mmp13 promoter activity, indicating a role for the AP-1 site in SIRT1 inhibition. We further showed that SIRT1 deacetylates c-Jun and that the cAMP pathway participates in this deacetylation process. These data indicate that SIRT1 is a negative regulator of MMP13 expression, SIRT1 activation inhibits PTH stimulation of Mmp13 expression, and this regulation is mediated by SIRT1 association with c-Jun at the AP-1 site of the Mmp13 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Fei
- From the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010 and
| | - Emi Shimizu
- From the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010 and
| | - Michael W McBurney
- the Ottawa Health Research Center Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- From the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010 and
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50
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Song J, Jin EH, Kim D, Kim KY, Chun CH, Jin EJ. MicroRNA-222 regulates MMP-13 via targeting HDAC-4 during osteoarthritis pathogenesis. BBA CLINICAL 2014; 3:79-89. [PMID: 26673737 PMCID: PMC4661531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Even though increasing evidences on miRNA involvement in human pathological responses, the distinct roles and related mechanisms of miRNAs in the pathology of osteoarthritis (OA) are not yet fully understood. Method RNA levels or protein levels of Apoptotic genes, HDACs, MMP-13, and miRNAs in human chondrocytes isolated from normal biopsy sample and OA cartilages were analyzed by real-time PCR or western blotting. Exogenous modulation of miR-222 level was performed using delivery of its specific precursor or specific inhibitor and target validation assay was applied to identify its potent target. In vivo study using DMM mice model was performed and assessed the degree of cartilage degradation. Results According to miRNA profiling, miR-222 was significantly down-regulated in OA chondrocytes. Over-expression of miR-222 significantly suppressed apoptotic death by down-regulating HDAC-4 and MMP-13 level. Moreover, 3′-UTR reporter assays showed that HDAC-4 is a direct target of miR-222. The treatment of chondrocytes with the HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), suppressed MMP-13 protein level and apoptosis, whereas the over-expression of HDAC-4 displayed opposite effects. The introduction of miR-222 into the cartilage of medial meniscus destabilized mice significantly reduced cartilage destruction and MMP-13 level. Conclusion Taken together, our data suggest that miR-222 may be involved in cartilage destruction by targeting HDAC-4 and regulating MMP-13 level. MiR-222 controls OA pathogenesis by targeting HDAC-4. HADC-4 regulated by miR-222 modulates MMP-13 expression during cartilage destruction. Our study indicates the possibility that miR-222 could act as a protective factor against OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Eun-Heui Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Keun Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Churl-Hong Chun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea ; Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
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