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Doherty L, Wan M, Peterson A, Youngstrom DW, King JS, Kalajzic I, Hankenson KD, Sanjay A. Wnt-associated adult stem cell marker Lgr6 is required for osteogenesis and fracture healing. Bone 2023; 169:116681. [PMID: 36708855 PMCID: PMC10015414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable regenerative capacity of skeletal tissues, nonunion of bone and failure of fractures to heal properly presents a significant clinical concern. Stem and progenitor cells are present in bone and become activated following injury; thus, elucidating mechanisms that promote adult stem cell-mediated healing is important. Wnt-associated adult stem marker Lgr6 is implicated in the regeneration of tissues with well-defined stem cell niches in stem cell-reliant organs. Here, we demonstrate that Lgr6 is dynamically expressed in osteoprogenitors in response to fracture injury. We used an Lgr6-null mouse model and found that Lgr6 expression is necessary for maintaining bone volume and efficient postnatal bone regeneration in adult mice. Skeletal progenitors isolated from Lgr6-null mice have reduced colony-forming potential and reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity due to attenuated cWnt signaling. Lgr6-null mice consist of a lower proportion of self-renewing stem cells. In response to fracture injury, Lgr6-null mice have a deficiency in the proliferation of periosteal progenitors and reduced ALP activity. Further, analysis of the bone regeneration phase and remodeling phase of fracture healing in Lgr6-null mice showed impaired endochondral ossification and decreased mineralization. We propose that in contrast to not being required for successful skeletal development, Lgr6-positive cells have a direct role in endochondral bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doherty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA; School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Matthew Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Anna Peterson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Daniel W Youngstrom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Justin S King
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA.
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2
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Shi Y, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Zhang W, Zou D, Song W, Wang S. A single-cell interactome of human tooth germ from growing third molar elucidates signaling networks regulating dental development. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:178. [PMID: 34600587 PMCID: PMC8487529 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Development of dental tissue is regulated by extensive cell crosstalk based on various signaling molecules, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways. However, an intact network of the intercellular regulation is still lacking. Result To gain an unbiased and comprehensive view of this dental cell interactome, we applied single-cell RNA-seq on immature human tooth germ of the growing third molar, discovered refined cell subtypes, and applied multiple network analysis to identify the central signaling pathways. We found that immune cells made up over 80% of all tooth germ cells, which exhibited profound regulation on dental cells via Transforming growth factor-β, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Interleukin-1. During osteoblast differentiation, expression of genes related to extracellular matrix and mineralization was continuously elevated by signals from BMP and FGF family. As for the self-renewal of apical papilla stem cell, BMP-FGFR1-MSX1 pathway directly regulated the G0-to-S cell cycle transition. We also confirmed that Colony Stimulating Factor 1 secreted from pericyte and TNF Superfamily Member 11 secreted from osteoblast regulated a large proportion of genes related to osteoclast transformation from macrophage and monocyte. Conclusions We constructed the intercellular signaling networks that regulated the essential developmental process of human tooth, which served as a foundation for future dental regeneration engineering and the understanding of oral pathology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00691-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Shi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Stomatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yejia Yu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duohong Zou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weichen Song
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Shalev M, Arman E, Stein M, Cohen-Sharir Y, Brumfeld V, Kapishnikov S, Royal I, Tuckermann J, Elson A. PTPRJ promotes osteoclast maturation and activity by inhibiting Cbl-mediated ubiquitination of NFATc1 in late osteoclastogenesis. FEBS J 2021; 288:4702-4723. [PMID: 33605542 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs) are multinucleated phagocytes, whose central roles in regulating bone formation and homeostasis are critical for normal health and development. OCLs are produced from precursor monocytes in a multistage process that includes initial differentiation, cell-cell fusion, and subsequent functional and morphological maturation; the molecular regulation of osteoclastogenesis is not fully understood. Here, we identify the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRJ as an essential regulator specifically of OCL maturation. Monocytes from PTPRJ-deficient (JKO) mice differentiate and fuse normally, but their maturation into functional OCLs and their ability to degrade bone are severely inhibited. In agreement, mice lacking PTPRJ throughout their bodies or only in OCLs exhibit increased bone mass due to reduced OCL-mediated bone resorption. We further show that PTPRJ promotes OCL maturation by dephosphorylating the M-CSF receptor (M-CSFR) and Cbl, thus reducing the ubiquitination and degradation of the key osteoclastogenic transcription factor NFATc1. Loss of PTPRJ increases ubiquitination of NFATc1 and reduces its amounts at later stages of osteoclastogenesis, thereby inhibiting OCL maturation. PTPRJ thus fulfills an essential and cell-autonomous role in promoting OCL maturation by balancing between the pro- and anti-osteoclastogenic activities of the M-CSFR and maintaining NFATc1 expression during late osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Shalev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Esther Arman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merle Stein
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Yael Cohen-Sharir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Kapishnikov
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Isabelle Royal
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.,Institut du Cancer de Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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4
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Doherty L, Yu J, Wang X, Hankenson KD, Kalajzic I, Sanjay A. A PDGFRβ-PI3K signaling axis mediates periosteal cell activation during fracture healing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223846. [PMID: 31665177 PMCID: PMC6821073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient and delayed fracture healing remain significant public health problems with limited therapeutic options. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, a major pathway involved in regulation of fracture healing, promotes proliferation, migration, and differentiation of osteoprogenitors. We have recently reported that knock-in mice with a global increase in PI3K signaling (gCblYF) show enhanced femoral fracture healing characterized by an extraordinary periosteal response to injury. Interestingly, of all growth factor receptors involved in fracture healing, PI3K directly binds only to PDGFR. Given these findings, we hypothesized a PDGFR-PI3K interaction is necessary for mediating robust periosteal cell activation following fracture. In this study, we isolated primary periosteal cells from gCblYF mice to analyze cross-talk between the PDGFRβ and PI3K signaling pathways. We found PDGFRβ signaling contributes to robust Akt phosphorylation in periosteal cells in comparison with other growth factor signaling pathways. Additionally, we performed femoral fractures on gCblYF mice with a conditional removal of PDGFRβ in mesenchymal progenitors using inducible alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) CreERT2 mice. Our studies showed that depletion of PDGFRβ signaling within these progenitors in the early phase of fracture healing significantly abrogates PI3K-mediated periosteal activation and proliferation three days after fracture. Combined, these results suggest that PDGFRβ signaling through PI3K is necessary for robust periosteal activation in the earliest phases of fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doherty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kurt D. Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Yu J, Adapala NS, Doherty L, Sanjay A. Cbl-PI3K interaction regulates Cathepsin K secretion in osteoclasts. Bone 2019; 127:376-385. [PMID: 31299383 PMCID: PMC6708784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Effective bone resorption by osteoclasts is critical for balanced bone remodeling. We have previously reported that mice harboring a substitution mutation of tyrosine 737 to phenylalanine in the adapter protein Cbl (CblY737F, YF) have increased bone volume partly due to decreased osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The CblY737F mutation abrogates interaction between Cbl and the p85 subunit of PI3K. Here, we studied the mechanism for defective resorptive function of YF mutant osteoclasts. The YF osteoclasts had intact actin cytoskeletons and sealing zones. Expression and localization of proteins needed for acidification of the resorptive lacunae were also comparable between the WT and YF osteoclasts. In contrast, secretion of Cathepsin K, a major protease needed to degrade collagen, was diminished in the conditioned media derived from YF osteoclasts. The targeting of Cathepsin K into LAMP2-positive vesicles was also compromised due to decreased number of LAMP2-positive vesicles in YF osteoclasts. Further, we found that in contrast to WT, conditioned media derived from YF osteoclasts promoted increased numbers of alkaline phosphatase positive colonies, and increased expression of osteogenic markers in WT calvarial cultures. Cumulatively, our results suggest that the Cbl-PI3K interaction regulates Cathepsin K secretion required for proper bone resorption, and secretion of factors which promote osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Naga Suresh Adapala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Laura Doherty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America.
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6
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Adapala NS, Root S, Lorenzo J, Aguila H, Sanjay A. PI3K activation increases SDF-1 production and number of osteoclast precursors, and enhances SDF-1-mediated osteoclast precursor migration. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100203. [PMID: 30989092 PMCID: PMC6449702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that in a mouse model in which PI3K-AKT activation was increased (YF mice), osteoclast numbers and levels of SDF-1, a chemokine, were augmented. The purpose of this study was to delineate the role of PI3K activation in regulating SDF-1 production and examine whether SDF-1 can stimulate differentiation and/or migration of osteoclast precursors. Using flow cytometric analysis, we demonstrated that compared to wild type mice, bone marrow of YF mice had increased numbers of CXCL12 abundant reticular (CAR) cells, that are a major cell type responsible for producing SDF-1. At the molecular level, transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) induced an increased transcription of SDF-1 that was dependent on PI3K/AKT activation. YF mice also contained an increased number of osteoclast precursors, in which expression of CXCR4, a major receptor for SDF-1, was increased. SDF-1 did not induce differentiation of osteoclast precursors into mature osteoclasts; compared to cells derived from WT mice, cells obtained from YF mice were more responsive to SDF-1. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PI3K activation resulted in increased SDF-1, increased the number of osteoclast precursors, and enhanced osteoclast precursor migration in response to SDF-1. PI3K activation regulates the number of CAR cells in mouse bone marrow. PI3K activation regulates SDF-1/CXCL12 production by CAR cells in bone marrow. PI3K/AKT activation mediates transcription of SDF-1 by regulating transcription factor Sp1. SDF-1 enhances migration of osteoclast precursors via CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Suresh Adapala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Farmington, CT, USA.,U Conn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sierra Root
- Department of Immunology, Farmington, CT, USA.,U Conn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Joseph Lorenzo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Farmington, CT, USA.,U Conn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Hector Aguila
- Department of Immunology, Farmington, CT, USA.,U Conn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Farmington, CT, USA.,U Conn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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7
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Neben CL, Lo M, Jura N, Klein OD. Feedback regulation of RTK signaling in development. Dev Biol 2017; 447:71-89. [PMID: 29079424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise regulation of the amplitude and duration of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is critical for the execution of cellular programs and behaviors. Understanding these control mechanisms has important implications for the field of developmental biology, and in recent years, the question of how augmentation or attenuation of RTK signaling via feedback loops modulates development has become of increasing interest. RTK feedback regulation is also important for human disease research; for example, germline mutations in genes that encode RTK signaling pathway components cause numerous human congenital syndromes, and somatic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancers. In this review, we survey regulators of RTK signaling that tune receptor activity and intracellular transduction cascades, with a focus on the roles of these genes in the developing embryo. We detail the diverse inhibitory mechanisms utilized by negative feedback regulators that, when lost or perturbed, lead to aberrant increases in RTK signaling. We also discuss recent biochemical and genetic insights into positive regulators of RTK signaling and how these proteins function in tandem with negative regulators to guide embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Neben
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Megan Lo
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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8
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Yu J, Zanotti S, Walia B, Jellison E, Sanjay A, Canalis E. The Hajdu Cheney Mutation Is a Determinant of B-Cell Allocation of the Splenic Marginal Zone. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:149-159. [PMID: 29037852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurogenic locus notch homolog protein (Notch)-2 receptor is a determinant of B-cell allocation, and gain-of-NOTCH2-function mutations are associated with Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS), a disease presenting with osteoporosis and acro-osteolysis. We generated a mouse model reproducing the HCS mutation (Notch2HCS), and heterozygous global mutant mice displayed gain-of-Notch2 function. In the mutant spleen, the characteristic perifollicular rim marking the marginal zone (MZ), which is the interface between the nonlymphoid red pulp and the lymphoid white pulp, merged with components of the white pulp. As a consequence, the MZ of Notch2HCS mice occupied most of the splenic structure. To explore the mechanisms involved, lymphocyte populations from the bone marrow and spleen were harvested from heterozygous Notch2HCS mice and sex-matched control littermates and analyzed by flow cytometry. Notch2HCS mice had an increase in CD21/35highCD23- splenic MZ B cells of approximately fivefold and a proportional decrease in splenic follicular B cells (CD21/35intCD23+) at 1, 2, and 12 months of age. Western blot analysis revealed that Notch2HCS mutant splenocytes had increased phospho-Akt and phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase, and gene expression analysis of splenic CD19+ B cells demonstrated induction of Hes1 and Hes5 in Notch2HCS mutants. Anti-Notch2 antibodies decreased MZ B cells in control and Notch2HCS mice. In conclusion, Notch2HCS mutant mice have increased mature B cells in the MZ of the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Bhavita Walia
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Evan Jellison
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut.
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut.
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9
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Scanlon V, Walia B, Yu J, Hansen M, Drissi H, Maye P, Sanjay A. Loss of Cbl-PI3K interaction modulates the periosteal response to fracture by enhancing osteogenic commitment and differentiation. Bone 2017; 95:124-135. [PMID: 27884787 PMCID: PMC5819877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The periosteum contains multipotent skeletal progenitors that contribute to bone repair. The signaling pathways regulating the response of periosteal cells to fracture are largely unknown. Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase (PI3K), a prominent lipid kinase, is a major signaling protein downstream of several factors that regulate osteoblast differentiation. Cbl is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a major adaptor protein that binds to the p85 regulatory subunit and modulates PI3K activity. Substitution of tyrosine 737 to phenylalanine (Y737F) in Cbl abolishes the interaction between Cbl and p85 subunit without affecting the Cbl's ubiquitin ligase function. Here, we investigated the role of PI3K signaling during the very early stages of fracture healing using OsterixRFP reporter mice. We found that the absence of PI3K regulation by Cbl resulted in robust periosteal thickening, with increased proliferation of periosteal cells. While the multipotent properties of periosteal progenitors to differentiate into chondrocytes and adipocytes did not change, osteogenic differentiation in the absence of Cbl-PI3K interaction was highly augmented. The increased stability and nuclear localization of Osterix observed in periosteal cells lacking Cbl-PI3K interaction may explain this enhanced osteogenic differentiation since the expression of Osterix transcriptional target genes including osteocalcin and BSP are increased in YF cells. Overall, our findings highlight a hitherto unexplored and novel role for Cbl and PI3K in modulating the osteogenic response of periosteal cells during the early stages of fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavita Walia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, United States
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States
| | - Marc Hansen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, United States; Center for Molecular Medicine, United States
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, United States
| | - Peter Maye
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, United States.
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10
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Nadeau SA, An W, Mohapatra BC, Mushtaq I, Bielecki TA, Luan H, Zutshi N, Ahmad G, Storck MD, Sanada M, Ogawa S, Band V, Band H. Structural Determinants of the Gain-of-Function Phenotype of Human Leukemia-associated Mutant CBL Oncogene. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3666-3682. [PMID: 28082680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.772723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the tyrosine kinase-directed ubiquitin ligase CBL cause myeloid leukemias, but the molecular determinants of the dominant leukemogenic activity of mutant CBL oncogenes are unclear. Here, we first define a gain-of-function attribute of the most common leukemia-associated CBL mutant, Y371H, by demonstrating its ability to increase proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from CBL-null and CBL/CBL-B-null mice. Next, we express second-site point/deletion mutants of CBL-Y371H in CBL/CBL-B-null HSPCs or the cytokine-dependent human leukemic cell line TF-1 to show that individual or combined Tyr → Phe mutations of established phosphotyrosine residues (Tyr-700, Tyr-731, and Tyr-774) had little impact on the activity of the CBL-Y371H mutant in HSPCs, and the triple Tyr → Phe mutant was only modestly impaired in TF-1 cells. In contrast, intact tyrosine kinase-binding (TKB) domain and proline-rich region (PRR) were critical in both cell models. PRR deletion reduced the stem cell factor (SCF)-induced hyper-phosphorylation of the CBL-Y371H mutant and the c-KIT receptor and eliminated the sustained p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT induction by SCF. GST fusion protein pulldowns followed by phospho-specific antibody array analysis identified distinct CBL TKB domains or PRR-binding proteins that are phosphorylated in CBL-Y371H-expressing TF-1 cells. Our results support a model of mutant CBL gain-of-function in which mutant CBL proteins effectively compete with the remaining wild type CBL-B and juxtapose TKB domain-associated PTKs with PRR-associated signaling proteins to hyper-activate signaling downstream of hematopoietic growth factor receptors. Elucidation of mutant CBL domains required for leukemogenesis should facilitate targeted therapy approaches for patients with mutant CBL-driven leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Nadeau
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,the Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy
| | - Wei An
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,the Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Insha Mushtaq
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, and
| | | | - Haitao Luan
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,the Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy
| | - Neha Zutshi
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, and
| | - Gulzar Ahmad
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
| | - Matthew D Storck
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
| | - Masashi Sanada
- the Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- the Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Vimla Band
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,the Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy.,the Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 and
| | - Hamid Band
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, .,the Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, and.,the Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 and
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11
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Wu L, Guo Q, Yang J, Ni B. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Promotes Osteoclast Formation Via PI3K/Akt Pathway-Mediated Blimp1 Expression Upregulation. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1308-1315. [PMID: 27505147 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced osteoclastogenesis have profound effects in states of inflammatory osteolysis such as rheumatoid arthritis, periprosthetic implant loosening, and periodontitis. However, the exact mechanisms by which TNF-α promotes RANKL-induced osteoclast formation remains poorly understood. B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1) is a transcriptional repressor that plays crucial roles in the differentiation and/or function of various kinds of cells including osteoclasts. A novel mechanism was identified where TNF-α-mediated Blimp1 expression, which contributed to RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. It is shown that TNF-α could promote the level of Blimp1 expression during osteoclast differentiation. Silencing of Blimp1 in osteoclast precursor cells obviously attenuated the stimulatory effect of TNF-α on osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, TNF-α-induced Blimp1 expression was markedly rescued by blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which suggested that PI3K/Akt signaling was involved in the regulation of TNF-α-stimulated Blimp1 expression. Taken together, the results established a molecular mechanism of TNF-α-induced osteoclasts differentiation, and provided insights into the potential contribution of Blimp1 in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis by TNF-α. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1308-1315, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeCheng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - QunFeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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12
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PENG LI, WANG HONGZHI, SONG KEGUAN, WANG HAI, LIU PING. Lentivirus-mediated TNF-α gene silencing and overexpression of osteoprotegerin inhibit titanium particle-induced inflammatory response and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1010-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Scanlon V, Soung DY, Adapala NS, Morgan E, Hansen MF, Drissi H, Sanjay A. Role of Cbl-PI3K Interaction during Skeletal Remodeling in a Murine Model of Bone Repair. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138194. [PMID: 26393915 PMCID: PMC4578922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice in which Cbl is unable to bind PI3K (YF mice) display increased bone volume due to enhanced bone formation and repressed bone resorption during normal bone homeostasis. We investigated the effects of disrupted Cbl-PI3K interaction on fracture healing to determine whether this interaction has an effect on bone repair. Mid-diaphyseal femoral fractures induced in wild type (WT) and YF mice were temporally evaluated via micro-computed tomography scans, biomechanical testing, histological and histomorphometric analyses. Imaging analyses revealed no change in soft callus formation, increased bony callus formation, and delayed callus remodeling in YF mice compared to WT mice. Histomorphometric analyses showed significantly increased osteoblast surface per bone surface and osteoclast numbers in the calluses of YF fractured mice, as well as increased incorporation of dynamic bone labels. Furthermore, using laser capture micro-dissection of the fracture callus we found that cells lacking Cbl-PI3K interaction have higher expression of Osterix, TRAP, and Cathepsin K. We also found increased expression of genes involved in propagating PI3K signaling in cells isolated from the YF fracture callus, suggesting that the lack of Cbl-PI3K interaction perhaps results in enhanced PI3K signaling, leading to increased bone formation, but delayed remodeling in the healing femora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Scanlon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Do Yu Soung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Naga Suresh Adapala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Elise Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Marc F. Hansen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (HD)
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (HD)
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14
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Li H, Li T, Fan J, Li T, Fan L, Wang S, Weng X, Han Q, Zhao RC. miR-216a rescues dexamethasone suppression of osteogenesis, promotes osteoblast differentiation and enhances bone formation, by regulating c-Cbl-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. Cell Death Differ 2015. [PMID: 26206089 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease marked by reduced bone mass, leading to an increased risk of fractures or broken bones. Bone formation is mediated by recruiting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that regulate MSC differentiation into osteoblasts is of great importance for the development of anabolic therapies for osteoporosis and other bone metabolism-related diseases. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to have crucial roles in bone development, osteogenic differentiation and osteoporosis pathophysiology. However, to date, only a few miRNAs have been reported to enhance osteogenesis and regulate the suppressive effect of glucocorticoids on osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we discovered that miR-216a, a pancreatic-specific miRNA, was significantly upregulated during osteogenic differentiation in human adipose-derived MSCs (hAMSCs). The expression of miR-216a was positively correlated with the expression of bone formation marker genes in clinical osteoporosis samples. Functional analysis demonstrated that miR-216a can markedly promote osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs, rescue the suppressive effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on osteogenic differentiation in vitro and enhance bone formation in vivo. c-Cbl, a gene that encodes a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, was identified as a direct target of miR-216a. Downregulation of c-Cbl by short hairpin RNAs can mimic the promotion effects of miR-216a and significantly rescue the suppressive effects of DEX on osteogenesis. Pathway analysis indicated that miR-216a regulation of osteogenic differentiation occurs via the c-Cbl-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. The recovery effects of miR-216a on the inhibition of osteogenesis by DEX were attenuated after blocking the PI3K pathway. Thus, our findings suggest that miR-216a may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and other bone metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - L Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Weng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Q Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R C Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Choi YH, Han Y, Lee SH, Jin YH, Bahn M, Hur KC, Yeo CY, Lee KY. Cbl-b and c-Cbl negatively regulate osteoblast differentiation by enhancing ubiquitination and degradation of Osterix. Bone 2015; 75:201-9. [PMID: 25744063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b and c-Cbl play important roles in bone formation and maintenance. Cbl-b and c-Cbl regulate the activity of various receptor tyrosine kinases and intracellular protein tyrosine kinases mainly by regulating the degradation of target proteins. However, the precise mechanisms of how Cbl-b and c-Cbl regulate osteoblast differentiation are not well known. In this study, we investigated potential targets of Cbl-b and c-Cbl. We found that Cbl-b and c-Cbl inhibit BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal cells. Among various osteogenic transcription factors, we identified that Cbl-b and c-Cbl suppress the protein stability and transcriptional activity of Osterix. Our results suggest that Cbl-b and c-Cbl inhibit the function of Osterix by enhancing the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of Osterix. Taken together, we propose novel regulatory roles of Cbl-b and c-Cbl during osteoblast differentiation in which Cbl-b and c-Cbl regulate the degradation of Osterix through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Younho Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hye Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjin Bahn
- Department of Life Science and Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Chung Hur
- Department of Life Science and Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yeol Yeo
- Department of Life Science and Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Adapala NS, Barbe MF, Tsygankov AY, Lorenzo JA, Sanjay A. Loss of Cbl-PI3K interaction enhances osteoclast survival due to p21-Ras mediated PI3K activation independent of Cbl-b. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1277-89. [PMID: 24470255 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cbl family proteins, Cbl and Cbl-b, are E3 ubiquitin ligases and adaptor proteins, which play important roles in bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Loss of Cbl in mice decreases osteoclast migration, resulting in delayed bone development where as absence of Cbl-b decreases bone volume due to hyper-resorptive osteoclasts. A major structural difference between Cbl and Cbl-b is tyrosine 737 (in YEAM motif) only on Cbl, which upon phosphorylation interacts with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase (PI3K). In contrast to Cbl(-/-) and Cbl-b(-/-) , mice lacking Cbl-PI3K interaction due to a Y737F (tyrosine to phenylalanine, YF) mutation showed enhanced osteoclast survival, but defective bone resorption. To investigate whether Cbl-PI3K interaction contributes to distinct roles of Cbl and Cbl-b in osteoclasts, mice bearing CblY737F mutation in the Cbl-b(-/-) background (YF/YF;Cbl-b(-/-) ) were generated. The differentiation and survival were augmented similarly in YF/YF and YF/YF;Cbl-b(-/-) osteoclasts, associated with enhanced PI3K signaling suggesting an exclusive role of Cbl-PI3K interaction, independent of Cbl-b. In addition to PI3K, the small GTPase Ras also regulates osteoclast survival. In the absence of Cbl-PI3K interaction, increased Ras GTPase activity and Ras-PI3K binding were observed and inhibition of Ras activation attenuated PI3K mediated osteoclast survival. In contrast to differentiation and survival, increased osteoclast activity observed in Cbl-b(-/-) mice persisted even after introduction of the resorption-defective YF mutation in YF/YF;Cbl-b(-/-) mice. Hence, Cbl and Cbl-b play mutually exclusive roles in osteoclasts. Whereas Cbl-PI3K interaction regulates differentiation and survival, bone resorption is predominantly regulated by Cbl-b in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Suresh Adapala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, 06032
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17
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Adapala NS, Holland D, Scanlon V, Barbe MF, Langdon WY, Tsygankov AY, Lorenzo JA, Sanjay A. Loss of Cbl-PI3K interaction in mice prevents significant bone loss following ovariectomy. Bone 2014; 67:1-9. [PMID: 24994594 PMCID: PMC4149851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cbl and Cbl-b are E3 ubiquitin ligases and adaptor proteins, which perform regulatory roles in bone remodeling. Cbl-/- mice have delayed bone development due to decreased osteoclast migration. Cbl-b-/- mice are osteopenic due to increased bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts. Unique to Cbl, but not present in Cbl-b, is tyrosine 737 in the YEAM motif, which upon phosphorylation provides a binding site for the regulatory p85 subunit of PI3K. Substitution of tyrosine 737 with phenylalanine (Y737F, CblYF/YF mice) prevents Y737 phosphorylation and abrogates the Cbl-PI3K interaction. We have previously reported that CblYF/YF mice had increased bone volume due to defective bone resorption and increased bone formation. Here we show that the lumbar vertebra from CblYF/YF mice did not have significant bone loss following ovariectomy. Our data also suggests that abrogation of Cbl-PI3K interaction in mice results in the loss of coupling between bone resorption and formation, since ovariectomized CblYF/YF mice did not show significant changes in serum levels of c-terminal telopeptide (CTX), whereas the serum levels of pro-collagen type-1 amino-terminal pro-peptide (P1NP) were decreased. In contrast, following ovariectomy, Cbl-/- and Cbl-b-/- mice showed significant bone loss in the tibiae and L2 vertebrae, concomitant with increased serum CTX and P1NP levels. These data indicate that while lack of Cbl or Cbl-b distinctly affects bone remodeling, only the loss of Cbl-PI3K interaction protects mice from significant bone loss following ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Suresh Adapala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Danielle Holland
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Vanessa Scanlon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Alexander Y Tsygankov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Joseph A Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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18
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Fels L, Distl O. Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in German Shepherd Dogs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96618. [PMID: 24802516 PMCID: PMC4011879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is the most common hereditary skeletal disorder in dogs. To identify common alleles associated with CHD, we genotyped 96 German Shepherd Dogs affected by mild, moderate and severe CHD and 96 breed, sex, age and birth year matched controls using the Affymetrix canine high density SNP chip. A mixed linear model analysis identified five SNPs associated with CHD scores on dog chromosomes (CFA) 19, 24, 26 and 34. These five SNPs were validated in a by sex, age, birth year and coancestry stratified sample of 843 German Shepherd Dogs including 277 unaffected dogs and 566 CHD-affected dogs. Mean coancestry coefficients among and within cases and controls were <0.1%. Genotype effects of these SNPs explained 20–32% of the phenotypic variance of CHD in German Shepherd Dogs employed for validation. Genome-wide significance in the validation data set could be shown for each one CHD-associated SNP on CFA24, 26 and 34. These SNPs are located within or in close proximity of genes involved in bone formation and related through a joint network. The present study validated positional candidate genes within two previously known quantitative trait loci (QTL) and a novel QTL for CHD in German Shepherd Dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Fels
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Congleton J, Shen M, MacDonald R, Malavasi F, Yen A. Phosphorylation of c-Cbl and p85 PI3K driven by all-trans retinoic acid and CD38 depends on Lyn kinase activity. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1589-97. [PMID: 24686085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The leukocyte antigen CD38 is expressed after all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment in HL-60 myelogenous leukemia cells and promotes induced myeloid differentiation when overexpressed. We found that Vav1 and SLP-76 associate with CD38 in two cell lines, and that these proteins complex with Lyn, a Src family kinase (SFK) upregulated by ATRA. SFK inhibitors PP2 and dasatinib, which enhance ATRA-induced differentiation, were used to evaluate the involvement of Lyn kinase activity in CD38-driven signaling. Cells treated with ATRA for 48h followed by one hour of PP2 incubation show SFK/Lyn kinase inhibition. We observed that Lyn inhibition blocked c-Cbl and p85/p55 PI3K phosphorylation driven by the anti-CD38 agonistic mAb IB4 in ATRA-treated HL-60 cells and untreated CD38+ transfectants. In contrast, cells cultured for 48h following concurrent ATRA and PP2 treatment did not show Lyn inhibition, suggesting ATRA regulates the effects on Lyn. 48h of co-treatment preserved CD38-stimulated c-Cbl and p85/p55 PI3K phosphorylation indicating Lyn kinase activity is necessary for these events. In contrast another SFK inhibitor (dasatinib) which blocks Lyn activity with ATRA co-treatment prevented ATRA-induced c-Cbl phosphorylation and crippled p85 PI3K phosphorylation, indicating Lyn kinase activity is important for ATRA-propelled events potentially regulated by CD38. We found that loss of Lyn activity coincided with a decrease in Vav1/Lyn/CD38 and SLP-76/Lyn/CD38 interaction, suggesting these molecules form a complex that regulates CD38 signaling. Lyn inhibition also reduced Lyn and CD38 binding to p85 PI3K, indicating CD38 facilitates a complex responsible for PI3K phosphorylation. Therefore, Lyn kinase activity is important for CD38-associated signaling that may drive ATRA-induced differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Congleton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Miaoqing Shen
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Robert MacDonald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino Medical School, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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20
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Shugg RPP, Thomson A, Tanabe N, Kashishian A, Steiner BH, Puri KD, Pereverzev A, Lannutti BJ, Jirik FR, Dixon SJ, Sims SM. Effects of isoform-selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors on osteoclasts: actions on cytoskeletal organization, survival, and resorption. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35346-57. [PMID: 24133210 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.507525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) participate in numerous signaling pathways, and control distinct biological functions. Studies using pan-PI3K inhibitors suggest roles for PI3K in osteoclasts, but little is known about specific PI3K isoforms in these cells. Our objective was to determine effects of isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors on osteoclasts. The following inhibitors were investigated (targets in parentheses): wortmannin and LY294002 (pan-p110), PIK75 (α), GDC0941 (α, δ), TGX221 (β), AS252424 (γ), and IC87114 (δ). In addition, we characterized a new potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, GS-9820, and explored roles of PI3K isoforms in regulating osteoclast function. Osteoclasts were isolated from long bones of neonatal rats and rabbits. Wortmannin, LY294002, GDC0941, IC87114, and GS-9820 induced a dramatic retraction of osteoclasts within 15-20 min to 65-75% of the initial area. In contrast, there was no significant retraction in response to vehicle, PIK75, TGX221, or AS252424. Moreover, wortmannin and GS-9820, but not PIK75 or TGX221, disrupted actin belts. We examined effects of PI3K inhibitors on osteoclast survival. Whereas PIK75, TGX221, and GS-9820 had no significant effect on basal survival, all blocked RANKL-stimulated survival. When studied on resorbable substrates, osteoclastic resorption was suppressed by wortmannin and inhibitors of PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ, but not other isoforms. These data are consistent with a critical role for PI3Kδ in regulating osteoclast cytoskeleton and resorptive activity. In contrast, multiple PI3K isoforms contribute to the control of osteoclast survival. Thus, the PI3Kδ isoform, which is predominantly expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin, is an attractive target for anti-resorptive therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P P Shugg
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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21
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Lee H, Tsygankov AY. Cbl-family proteins as regulators of cytoskeleton-dependent phenomena. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2285-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Y. Tsygankov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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22
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Khor EC, Abel T, Tickner J, Chim SM, Wang C, Cheng T, Ng B, Ng PY, Teguh DA, Kenny J, Yang X, Chen H, Nakayama KI, Nakayama K, Pavlos N, Zheng MH, Xu J. Loss of protein kinase C-δ protects against LPS-induced osteolysis owing to an intrinsic defect in osteoclastic bone resorption. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70815. [PMID: 23951014 PMCID: PMC3738588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is intrinsically regulated by cell signaling molecules. The Protein Kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases is involved in multiple signaling pathways including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and osteoclast biology. However, the precise involvement of individual PKC isoforms in the regulation of osteoclast formation and bone homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we identify PKC-δ as the major PKC isoform expressed among all PKCs in osteoclasts; including classical PKCs (-α, -β and -γ), novel PKCs (-δ, -ε, -η and -θ) and atypical PKCs (-ι/λ and -ζ). Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of PKC-δ impairs osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. Moreover, disruption of PKC-δ activity protects against LPS-induced osteolysis in mice, with osteoclasts accumulating on the bone surface failing to resorb bone. Treatment with the PKC-δ inhibitor Rottlerin, blocks LPS-induced bone resorption in mice. Consistently, PKC-δ deficient mice exhibit increased trabeculae bone containing residual cartilage matrix, indicative of an osteoclast-rich osteopetrosis phenotype. Cultured ex vivo osteoclasts derived from PKC-δ null mice exhibit decreased CTX-1 levels and MARKS phosphorylation, with enhanced formation rates. This is accompanied by elevated gene expression levels of cathepsin K and PKC -α, -γ and -ε, as well as altered signaling of pERK and pcSrc416/527 upon RANKL-induction, possibly to compensate for the defects in bone resorption. Collectively, our data indicate that PKC-δ is an intrinsic regulator of osteoclast formation and bone resorption and thus is a potential therapeutic target for pathological osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Cheng Khor
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tamara Abel
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shek Man Chim
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cathy Wang
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Taksum Cheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin Ng
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Ng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dian Astari Teguh
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacob Kenny
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghui Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nathan Pavlos
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ming H. Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail: (JX); (MHZ)
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail: (JX); (MHZ)
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The role of E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl proteins in β-elemene reversing multi-drug resistance of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10075-89. [PMID: 23665906 PMCID: PMC3676829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that β-elemene, a compound isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Curcuma wenyujin, is capable of reversing tumor MDR, although the mechanism remains elusive. In this study, β-Elemene treatment markedly increased the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin (DOX) and rhodamine 123 in both K562/DNR and SGC7901/ADR cells and significantly inhibited the expression of P-gp. Treatment of SGC7901/ADR cells with β-elemene led to downregulation of Akt phosphorylation and significant upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligases, c-Cbl and Cbl-b. Importantly, β-elemene significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity of DOX in nude mice bearing SGC7901/ADR xenografts. Taken together, our results suggest that β-elemene may target P-gp-overexpressing leukemia and gastric cancer cells to enhance the efficacy of DOX treatment.
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Sévère N, Dieudonné FX, Marie PJ. E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated regulation of bone formation and tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e463. [PMID: 23328670 PMCID: PMC3564004 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitination–proteasome and degradation system is an essential process that regulates protein homeostasis. This system is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, and dysregulations in this system lead to pathologies including cancers. The ubiquitination system is an enzymatic cascade that mediates the marking of target proteins by an ubiquitin label and thereby directs their degradation through the proteasome pathway. The ubiquitination of proteins occurs through a three-step process involving ubiquitin activation by the E1 enzyme, allowing for the transfer to a ubiquitin-conjugated enzyme E2 and to the targeted protein via ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3), the most abundant group of enzymes involved in ubiquitination. Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the control of bone turnover and tumorigenesis. These ligases are implicated in the regulation of bone cells through the degradation of receptor tyrosine kinases, signaling molecules and transcription factors. Initial studies showed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl, a multi-domain scaffold protein, regulates bone resorption by interacting with several molecules in osteoclasts. Further studies showed that c-Cbl controls the ubiquitination of signaling molecules in osteoblasts and in turn regulates osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and survival. Recent data indicate that c-Cbl expression is decreased in primary bone tumors, resulting in excessive receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Consistently, c-Cbl ectopic expression reduces bone tumorigenesis by promoting tyrosine kinase receptor degradation. Here, we review the mechanisms of action of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the regulation of normal and pathologic bone formation, and we discuss how targeting the interactions of c-Cbl with some substrates may be a potential therapeutic strategy to promote osteogenesis and to reduce tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sévère
- Laboratory of Osteoblast Biology and Pathology, INSERM U606, Paris, France
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25
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TULA-2, a novel histidine phosphatase, regulates bone remodeling by modulating osteoclast function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:1269-84. [PMID: 23149425 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue that depends on the intricate relationship between protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) for maintaining homeostasis. PTKs and PTPs act like molecular on and off switches and help modulate differentiation and the attachment of osteoclasts to bone matrix regulating bone resorption. The protein T cell ubiquitin ligand-2 (TULA-2), which is abundantly expressed in osteoclasts, is a novel histidine phosphatase. Our results show that of the two family members, only TULA-2 is expressed in osteoclasts and that its expression is sustained throughout the course of osteoclast differentiation, suggesting that TULA-2 may play a role during early as well late stages of osteoclast differentiation. Skeletal analysis of mice that do not express TULA or TULA-2 proteins (DKO mice) revealed that there was a decrease in bone volume due to increased osteoclast numbers and function. Furthermore, in vitro experiments indicated that bone marrow precursor cells from DKO mice have an increased potential to form osteoclasts. At the molecular level, the absence of TULA-2 in osteoclasts results in increased Syk phosphorylation at the Y352 and Y525/526 residues and activation of phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2) upon engagement of immune-receptor-tyrosine-based-activation-motif (ITAM)-mediated signaling. Furthermore, expression of a phosphatase-dead TULA-2 leads to increased osteoclast function. Taken together, these results suggest that TULA-2 negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation and function.
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26
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Sévère N, Marie P. [Implication of the ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl in bone formation and tumorigenesis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:970-5. [PMID: 23171901 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20122811016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cbl ubiquitin ligases are important molecules that control the process of ubiquitination and degradation of proteins by the proteasome. Because this process regulates several intracellular mechanisms, alterations in Cbl activity lead to several pathologies including cancer. In bone, the c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase is known to control osteoclast activity. Our studies indicate that c-Cbl also regulates osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and survival. We recently showed that inhibition of c-Cbl activity using a c-Cbl mutant leads to promote osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal stromal cells as a consequence of increased receptor tyrosine kinase expression. Conversely, we found that overexpression of c-Cbl leads to inhibit osteosarcoma cell proliferation and tumorigenesis through downregulation of these receptors. Thus, the use of pharmacological agents capable of modulating c-Cbl activity may be of therapeutic interest for promoting bone formation in normal bone, or to reduce tumorigenesis in primary bone cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sévère
- Université Paris-Diderot Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
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27
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Mohapatra B, Ahmad G, Nadeau S, Zutshi N, An W, Scheffe S, Dong L, Feng D, Goetz B, Arya P, Bailey TA, Palermo N, Borgstahl GEO, Natarajan A, Raja SM, Naramura M, Band V, Band H. Protein tyrosine kinase regulation by ubiquitination: critical roles of Cbl-family ubiquitin ligases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:122-39. [PMID: 23085373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) coordinate a broad spectrum of cellular responses to extracellular stimuli and cell-cell interactions during development, tissue homeostasis, and responses to environmental challenges. Thus, an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that ensure physiological PTK function and potential aberrations of these regulatory processes during diseases such as cancer are of broad interest in biology and medicine. Aside from the expected role of phospho-tyrosine phosphatases, recent studies have revealed a critical role of covalent modification of activated PTKs with ubiquitin as a critical mechanism of their negative regulation. Members of the Cbl protein family (Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c in mammals) have emerged as dominant "activated PTK-selective" ubiquitin ligases. Structural, biochemical and cell biological studies have established that Cbl protein-dependent ubiquitination targets activated PTKs for degradation either by facilitating their endocytic sorting into lysosomes or by promoting their proteasomal degradation. This mechanism also targets PTK signaling intermediates that become associated with Cbl proteins in a PTK activation-dependent manner. Cellular and animal studies have established that the relatively broadly expressed mammalian Cbl family members Cbl and Cbl-b play key physiological roles, including their critical functions to prevent the transition of normal immune responses into autoimmune disease and as tumor suppressors; the latter function has received validation from human studies linking mutations in Cbl to human leukemia. These newer insights together with embryonic lethality seen in mice with a combined deletion of Cbl and Cbl-b genes suggest an unappreciated role of the Cbl family proteins, and by implication the ubiquitin-dependent control of activated PTKs, in stem/progenitor cell maintenance. Future studies of existing and emerging animal models and their various cell lineages should help test the broader implications of the evolutionarily-conserved Cbl family protein-mediated, ubiquitin-dependent, negative regulation of activated PTKs in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhopal Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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28
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Mohapatra B, Ahmad G, Nadeau S, Zutshi N, An W, Scheffe S, Dong L, Feng D, Goetz B, Arya P, Bailey TA, Palermo N, Borgstahl GEO, Natarajan A, Raja SM, Naramura M, Band V, Band H. Protein tyrosine kinase regulation by ubiquitination: critical roles of Cbl-family ubiquitin ligases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012. [PMID: 23085373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) coordinate a broad spectrum of cellular responses to extracellular stimuli and cell-cell interactions during development, tissue homeostasis, and responses to environmental challenges. Thus, an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that ensure physiological PTK function and potential aberrations of these regulatory processes during diseases such as cancer are of broad interest in biology and medicine. Aside from the expected role of phospho-tyrosine phosphatases, recent studies have revealed a critical role of covalent modification of activated PTKs with ubiquitin as a critical mechanism of their negative regulation. Members of the Cbl protein family (Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c in mammals) have emerged as dominant "activated PTK-selective" ubiquitin ligases. Structural, biochemical and cell biological studies have established that Cbl protein-dependent ubiquitination targets activated PTKs for degradation either by facilitating their endocytic sorting into lysosomes or by promoting their proteasomal degradation. This mechanism also targets PTK signaling intermediates that become associated with Cbl proteins in a PTK activation-dependent manner. Cellular and animal studies have established that the relatively broadly expressed mammalian Cbl family members Cbl and Cbl-b play key physiological roles, including their critical functions to prevent the transition of normal immune responses into autoimmune disease and as tumor suppressors; the latter function has received validation from human studies linking mutations in Cbl to human leukemia. These newer insights together with embryonic lethality seen in mice with a combined deletion of Cbl and Cbl-b genes suggest an unappreciated role of the Cbl family proteins, and by implication the ubiquitin-dependent control of activated PTKs, in stem/progenitor cell maintenance. Future studies of existing and emerging animal models and their various cell lineages should help test the broader implications of the evolutionarily-conserved Cbl family protein-mediated, ubiquitin-dependent, negative regulation of activated PTKs in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhopal Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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29
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Abstract
Skeletal health is dependent on the balance between bone resorption and formation during bone remodeling. Multiple signaling pathways play essential roles in the maintenance of skeletal integrity by positively or negatively regulating bone cells. During the last years, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the essential signaling pathways that regulate bone cell commitment, differentiation and survival. New signaling anabolic pathways triggered by parathyroid hormone, local growth factors, Wnt signaling, and calcium sensing receptor have been identified. Novel signals induced by interactions between bone cells-matrix (integrins), osteoblasts/osteocytes (cadherins, connexins), and osteoblasts/osteoclast (ephrins, Wnt-RhoA, semaphorins) have been discovered. Recent studies revealed the key pathways (MAPK, PI3K/Akt) that critically control bone cells and skeletal mass. This review summarizes the most recent knowledge on the major signaling pathways that control bone cells, and their potential impact on the development of therapeutic strategies to improve human bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- Laboratory of osteoblast biology and pathology, INSERM, UMR-606, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hopital Lariboisiere, 2 rue Ambroise Pare, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France.
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31
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Brennan T, Adapala NS, Barbe MF, Yingling V, Sanjay A. Abrogation of Cbl-PI3K interaction increases bone formation and osteoblast proliferation. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 89:396-410. [PMID: 21952831 PMCID: PMC3191294 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cbl is an adaptor protein and E3 ligase that plays both positive and negative roles in several signaling pathways that affect various cellular functions. Tyrosine 737 is unique to Cbl and phosphorylated by Src family kinases. Phosphorylated CblY737 creates a binding site for the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) that also plays an important role in the regulation of bone homeostasis. To investigate the role of Cbl-PI3K interaction in bone homeostasis, we examined knock-in mice in which the PI3K binding site on Cbl was ablated due to the substitution of tyrosine 737 to phenylalanine (Cbl(YF/YF), YF mice). We previously reported that bone volume in these mice is increased due to decreased osteoclast function (Adapala et al., J Biol Chem 285:36745-36758, 19). Here, we report that YF mice also have increased bone formation and osteoblast numbers. In ex vivo cultures bone marrow-derived YF osteoblasts showed increased Col1A expression and their proliferation was also significantly augmented. Moreover, proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was increased after treatment with conditioned medium generated by culturing YF bone marrow stromal cells. Expression of stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was increased in YF bone marrow stromal cells compared to wild type. Increased immunostaining of SDF-1 and CXCR4 was observed in YF bone marrow stromal cells compared to wild type. Treatment of YF condition medium with neutralizing anti-SDF-1 and anti-CXCR4 antibodies attenuated MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation. Cumulatively, these results show that abrogation of Cbl-PI3K interaction perturbs bone homeostasis, affecting both osteoclast function and osteoblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Brennan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Naga Suresh Adapala
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Mary F. Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Vanessa Yingling
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT USA
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
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Tyrosine phosphorylated c-Cbl regulates platelet functional responses mediated by outside-in signaling. Blood 2011; 118:5631-40. [PMID: 21967979 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-01-328807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Cbl protein functions as an E3 ligase and scaffolding protein, where 3 residues, Y700, Y731, and Y774, upon phosphorylation, have been shown to initiate several signaling cascades. In this study, we investigated the role of these phospho-tyrosine residues in the platelet functional responses after integrin engagement. We observed that c-Cbl Y700, Y731 and Y774 undergo phosphorylation upon platelet adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen, which was inhibited in the presence of PP2, a pan-src family kinase (SFK) inhibitor, suggesting that c-Cbl is phosphorylated downstream of SFKs. However, OXSI-2, a Syk inhibitor, significantly reduced c-Cbl phosphorylation at residues Y774 and Y700, without affecting Y731 phosphorylation. Interestingly, PP2 inhibited both platelet-spreading on fibrinogen as well as clot retraction, whereas OXSI-2 blocked only platelet-spreading, suggesting a differential role of these tyrosine residues. The physiologic role of c-Cbl and Y731 was studied using platelets from c-Cbl KO and c-Cbl(YF/YF) knock-in mice. c-Cbl KO and c-Cbl(YF/YF) platelets had a significantly reduced spreading over immobilized fibrinogen. Furthermore, clot retraction with c-Cbl KO and c-Cbl(YF/YF) platelets was drastically delayed. These results indicate that c-Cbl and particularly its phosphorylated residue Y731 plays an important role in platelet outside-in signaling contributing to platelet-spreading and clot retraction.
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