1
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Rajagopal VM, Watanabe K, Mbatchou J, Ayer A, Quon P, Sharma D, Kessler MD, Praveen K, Gelfman S, Parikshak N, Otto JM, Bao S, Chim SM, Pavlopoulos E, Avbersek A, Kapoor M, Chen E, Jones MB, Leblanc M, Emberson J, Collins R, Torres J, Morales PK, Tapia-Conyer R, Alegre J, Berumen J, Shuldiner AR, Balasubramanian S, Abecasis GR, Kang HM, Marchini J, Stahl EA, Jorgenson E, Sanchez R, Liedtke W, Anderson M, Cantor M, Lederer D, Baras A, Coppola G. Rare coding variants in CHRNB2 reduce the likelihood of smoking. Nat Genet 2023:10.1038/s41588-023-01417-8. [PMID: 37308787 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human genetic studies of smoking behavior have been thus far largely limited to common variants. Studying rare coding variants has the potential to identify drug targets. We performed an exome-wide association study of smoking phenotypes in up to 749,459 individuals and discovered a protective association in CHRNB2, encoding the β2 subunit of the α4β2 nicotine acetylcholine receptor. Rare predicted loss-of-function and likely deleterious missense variants in CHRNB2 in aggregate were associated with a 35% decreased odds for smoking heavily (odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.76, P = 1.9 × 10-8). An independent common variant association in the protective direction ( rs2072659 ; OR = 0.96; CI = 0.94-0.98; P = 5.3 × 10-6) was also evident, suggesting an allelic series. Our findings in humans align with decades-old experimental observations in mice that β2 loss abolishes nicotine-mediated neuronal responses and attenuates nicotine self-administration. Our genetic discovery will inspire future drug designs targeting CHRNB2 in the brain for the treatment of nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ariane Ayer
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Peter Quon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Suying Bao
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan Emberson
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason Torres
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pablo Kuri Morales
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Roberto Tapia-Conyer
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jesus Alegre
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jaime Berumen
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hyun M Kang
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Eli A Stahl
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
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2
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Chen K, Liao S, Li Y, Jiang H, Liu Y, Wang C, Kuek V, Kenny J, Li B, Huang Q, Hong J, Huang Y, Chim SM, Tickner J, Pavlos NJ, Zhao J, Liu Q, Qin A, Xu J. Osteoblast-derived EGFL6 couples angiogenesis to osteogenesis during bone repair. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9738-9751. [PMID: 34815781 PMCID: PMC8581413 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are highly coupled processes which are indispensable to bone repair. However, the underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. To bridge the gap in understanding the coupling process is crucial to develop corresponding solutions to abnormal bone healing. Epidermal growth factor-like protein 6 (EGFL6) is an angiogenic factor specifically and distinctively up-regulated during osteoblast differentiation. In contrast with most currently known osteoblast-derived coupling factors, EGFL6 is highlighted with little or low expression in other cells and tissues. Methods: In this study, primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1) were transduced with lentiviral silencing or overexpression constructs targeting EGFL6. Cells were induced by osteogenic medium, followed by the evaluation of mineralization as well as related gene and protein expression. Global and conditional knockout mice were established to examine the bone phenotype under physiological condition. Furthermore, bone defect models were created to investigate the outcome of bone repair in mice lacking EGFL6 expression. Results: We show that overexpression of EGFL6 markedly enhances osteogenic capacity in vitro by augmenting bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-Smad and MAPK signaling, whereas downregulation of EGFL6 diminishes osteoblastic mineralization. Interestingly, osteoblast differentiation was not affected by the exogenous addition of EGFL6 protein, thereby indicating that EGFL6 may regulate osteoblastic function in an intracrine manner. Mice with osteoblast-specific and global knockout of EGFL6 surprisingly exhibit a normal bone phenotype under physiological conditions. However, EGFL6-deficiency leads to compromised bone repair in a bone defect model which is characterized by decreased formation of type H vessels as well as osteoblast lineage cells. Conclusions: Together, these data demonstrate that EGFL6 serves as an essential regulator to couple osteogenesis to angiogenesis during bone repair.
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3
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Nistala H, Dronzek J, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Chim SM, Rajamani S, Nuwayhid S, Delgado D, Burke E, Karaca E, Franklin MC, Sarangapani P, Podgorski M, Tang Y, Dominguez MG, Withers M, Deckelbaum RA, Scheonherr CJ, Gahl WA, Malicdan MC, Zambrowicz B, Gale NW, Gibbs RA, Chung WK, Lupski JR, Economides AN. NMIHBA results from hypomorphic PRUNE1 variants that lack short-chain exopolyphosphatase activity. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3516-3531. [PMID: 33105479 PMCID: PMC7788287 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia and variable brain anomalies (NMIHBA) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by global developmental delay and severe intellectual disability. Microcephaly, progressive cortical atrophy, cerebellar hypoplasia and delayed myelination are neurological hallmarks in affected individuals. NMIHBA is caused by biallelic variants in PRUNE1 encoding prune exopolyphosphatase 1. We provide in-depth clinical description of two affected siblings harboring compound heterozygous variant alleles, c.383G > A (p.Arg128Gln), c.520G > T (p.Gly174*) in PRUNE1. To gain insights into disease biology, we biochemically characterized missense variants within the conserved N-terminal aspartic acid-histidine-histidine (DHH) motif and provide evidence that they result in the destabilization of protein structure and/or loss of exopolyphosphatase activity. Genetic ablation of Prune1 results in midgestational lethality in mice, associated with perturbations to embryonic growth and vascular development. Our findings suggest that NMIHBA results from hypomorphic variant alleles in humans and underscore the potential key role of PRUNE1 exopolyphoshatase activity in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Dronzek
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | - Samer Nuwayhid
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dennis Delgado
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Elizabeth Burke
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program Translational Laboratory, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yajun Tang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Marjorie Withers
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - William A Gahl
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program Translational Laboratory, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - May C Malicdan
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program Translational Laboratory, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aris N Economides
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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4
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Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Yesil G, Nistala H, Gezdirici A, Bayram Y, Nannuru KC, Pehlivan D, Yuan B, Jimenez J, Sahin Y, Paine IS, Akdemir ZC, Rajamani S, Staples J, Dronzek J, Howell K, Fatih JM, Smaldone S, Schlesinger AE, Ramírez N, Cornier AS, Kelly MA, Haber R, Chim SM, Nieman K, Wu N, Walls J, Poueymirou W, Siao CJ, Sutton VR, Williams MS, Posey JE, Gibbs RA, Carlo S, Tegay DH, Economides AN, Lupski JR. Functional biology of the Steel syndrome founder allele and evidence for clan genomics derivation of COL27A1 pathogenic alleles worldwide. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1243-1264. [PMID: 32376988 PMCID: PMC7608441 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we reported the identification of a homozygous COL27A1 (c.2089G>C; p.Gly697Arg) missense variant and proposed it as a founder allele in Puerto Rico segregating with Steel syndrome (STLS, MIM #615155); a rare osteochondrodysplasia characterized by short stature, congenital bilateral hip dysplasia, carpal coalitions, and scoliosis. We now report segregation of this variant in five probands from the initial clinical report defining the syndrome and an additional family of Puerto Rican descent with multiple affected adult individuals. We modeled the orthologous variant in murine Col27a1 and found it recapitulates some of the major Steel syndrome associated skeletal features including reduced body length, scoliosis, and a more rounded skull shape. Characterization of the in vivo murine model shows abnormal collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix and disorganization of the proliferative zone of the growth plate. We report additional COL27A1 pathogenic variant alleles identified in unrelated consanguineous Turkish kindreds suggesting Clan Genomics and identity-by-descent homozygosity contributing to disease in this population. The hypothesis that carrier states for this autosomal recessive osteochondrodysplasia may contribute to common complex traits is further explored in a large clinical population cohort. Our findings augment our understanding of COL27A1 biology and its role in skeletal development; and expand the functional allelic architecture in this gene underlying both rare and common disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gozde Yesil
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Harikiran Nistala
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, 34303, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Yavuz Sahin
- Medical Genetics, Genoks Genetics Center, 06570, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ingrid S Paine
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Staples
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - John Dronzek
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Kristen Howell
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Jawid M Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Alan E Schlesinger
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Alberto S Cornier
- Genetics Section, San Jorge Children's Hospital, San Juan, PR, 00912, USA.,Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, 00716, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamon, PR, 00960, USA
| | | | - Robert Haber
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Shek Man Chim
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Kristy Nieman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, and Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Chia-Jen Siao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Simon Carlo
- Mayagüez Medical Center, Mayagüez, PR, 00681, USA.,Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, 00716, USA
| | - David H Tegay
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA
| | - Aris N Economides
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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5
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Su YW, Chim SM, Zhou L, Hassanshahi M, Chung R, Fan C, Song Y, Foster BK, Prestidge CA, Peymanfar Y, Tang Q, Butler LM, Gronthos S, Chen D, Xie Y, Chen L, Zhou XF, Xu J, Xian CJ. Osteoblast derived-neurotrophin‑3 induces cartilage removal proteases and osteoclast-mediated function at injured growth plate in rats. Bone 2018; 116:232-247. [PMID: 30125729 PMCID: PMC6550307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Faulty bony repair causes dysrepair of injured growth plate cartilage and bone growth defects in children; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Recently, we observed the prominent induction of neurotrophin‑3 (NT-3) and its important roles as an osteogenic and angiogenic factor promoting the bony repair. The current study investigated its roles in regulating injury site remodelling. In a rat tibial growth plate drill-hole injury repair model, NT-3 was expressed prominently in osteoblasts at the injury site. Recombinant NT-3 (rhNT-3) systemic treatment enhanced, but NT-3 immunoneutralization attenuated, expression of cartilage-removal proteases (MMP-9 and MMP-13), presence of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and expression of osteoclast protease cathepsin K, and remodelling at the injury site. NT-3 was also highly induced in cultured mineralizing rat bone marrow stromal cells, and the conditioned medium augmented osteoclast formation and resorptive activity, an ability that was blocked by presence of anti-NT-3 antibody. Moreover, NT-3 and receptor TrkC were induced during osteoclastogenesis, and rhNT-3 treatment activated TrkC downstream kinase Erk1/2 in differentiating osteoclasts although rhNT-3 alone did not affect activation of osteoclastogenic transcription factors NF-κB or NFAT in RAW264.7 osteoclast precursor cells. Furthermore, rhNT-3 treatment increased, but NT-3 neutralization reduced, expression of osteoclastogenic cytokines (RANKL, TNF-α, and IL-1) in mineralizing osteoblasts and in growth plate injury site, and rhNT-3 augmented the induction of these cytokines caused by RANKL treatment in RAW264.7 cells. Thus, injury site osteoblast-derived NT-3 is important in promoting growth plate injury site remodelling, as it induces cartilage proteases for cartilage removal and augments osteoclastogenesis and resorption both directly (involving activing Erk1/2 and substantiating RANKL-induced increased expression of osteoclastogenic signals in differentiating osteoclasts) and indirectly (inducing osteoclastogenic signals in osteoblasts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Shek Man Chim
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Rosa Chung
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Chiaming Fan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Bruce K Foster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia.
| | - Yaser Peymanfar
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Qian Tang
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Lisa M Butler
- University of Adelaide Schools of Medicine and Medical Sciences, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Stan Gronthos
- University of Adelaide Schools of Medicine and Medical Sciences, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Yangli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Cory J Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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6
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Tischfield MA, Robson CD, Gilette NM, Chim SM, Sofela FA, DeLisle MM, Gelber A, Barry BJ, MacKinnon S, Dagi LR, Nathans J, Engle EC. Cerebral Vein Malformations Result from Loss of Twist1 Expression and BMP Signaling from Skull Progenitor Cells and Dura. Dev Cell 2017; 42:445-461.e5. [PMID: 28844842 PMCID: PMC5595652 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dural cerebral veins (CV) are required for cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption and brain homeostasis, but mechanisms that regulate their growth and remodeling are unknown. We report molecular and cellular processes that regulate dural CV development in mammals and describe venous malformations in humans with craniosynostosis and TWIST1 mutations that are recapitulated in mouse models. Surprisingly, Twist1 is dispensable in endothelial cells but required for specification of osteoprogenitor cells that differentiate into preosteoblasts that produce bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Inactivation of Bmp2 and Bmp4 in preosteoblasts and periosteal dura causes skull and CV malformations, similar to humans harboring TWIST1 mutations. Notably, arterial development appears normal, suggesting that morphogens from the skull and dura establish optimal venous networks independent from arterial influences. Collectively, our work establishes a paradigm whereby CV malformations result from primary or secondary loss of paracrine BMP signaling from preosteoblasts and dura, highlighting unique cellular interactions that influence tissue-specific angiogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Tischfield
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole M Gilette
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shek Man Chim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Folasade A Sofela
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle M DeLisle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alon Gelber
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Sarah MacKinnon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linda R Dagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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7
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Kuek V, Yang Z, Chim SM, Zhu S, Xu H, Chow ST, Tickner J, Rosen V, Erber W, Li X, Qin A, Qian Y, Xu J. NPNT is Expressed by Osteoblasts and Mediates Angiogenesis via the Activation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36210. [PMID: 27782206 PMCID: PMC5080588 DOI: 10.1038/srep36210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in bone development and remodeling and is mediated by a plethora of potential angiogenic factors. However, data regarding specific angiogenic factors that are secreted within the bone microenvironment to regulate osteoporosis is lacking. Here, we report that Nephronectin (NPNT), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeat superfamily proteins and a homologue of EGFL6, is expressed in osteoblasts. Intriguingly, the gene expression of NPNT is reduced in the bone of C57BL/6J ovariectomised mice and in osteoporosis patients. In addition, the protein levels of NPNT and CD31 are also found to be reduced in the tibias of OVX mice. Exogenous addition of mouse recombinant NPNT on endothelial cells stimulates migration and tube-like structure formation in vitro. Furthermore, NPNT promotes angiogenesis in an ex vivo fetal mouse metatarsal angiogenesis assay. We show that NPNT stimulates the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) in endothelial cells. Inhibition of ERK1/2 impaired NPNT-induced endothelial cell migration, tube-like structure formation and angiogenesis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NPNT is a paracrine angiogenic factor and may play a role in pathological osteoporosis. This may lead to new targets for treatment of bone diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Kuek
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zhifan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Shek Man Chim
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sipin Zhu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Siu To Chow
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wendy Erber
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xiucheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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8
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Su YW, Chung R, Ruan CS, Chim SM, Kuek V, Dwivedi PP, Hassanshahi M, Chen KM, Xie Y, Chen L, Foster BK, Rosen V, Zhou XF, Xu J, Xian CJ. Neurotrophin-3 Induces BMP-2 and VEGF Activities and Promotes the Bony Repair of Injured Growth Plate Cartilage and Bone in Rats. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1258-74. [PMID: 26763079 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Injured growth plate is often repaired by bony tissue causing bone growth defects, for which the mechanisms remain unclear. Because neurotrophins have been implicated in bone fracture repair, here we investigated their potential roles in growth plate bony repair in rats. After a drill-hole injury was made in the tibial growth plate and bone, increased injury site mRNA expression was observed for neurotrophins NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 and their Trk receptors. NT-3 and its receptor TrkC showed the highest induction. NT-3 was localized to repairing cells, whereas TrkC was observed in stromal cells, osteoblasts, and blood vessel cells at the injury site. Moreover, systemic NT-3 immunoneutralization reduced bone volume at injury sites and also reduced vascularization at the injured growth plate, whereas recombinant NT-3 treatment promoted bony repair with elevated levels of mRNA for osteogenic markers and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and increased vascularization and mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial cell marker CD31 at the injured growth plate. When examined in vitro, NT-3 promoted osteogenesis in rat bone marrow stromal cells, induced Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, and enhanced expression of BMPs (particularly BMP-2) and VEGF in the mineralizing cells. It also induced CD31 and VEGF mRNA in rat primary endothelial cell culture. BMP activity appears critical for NT-3 osteogenic effect in vitro because it can be almost completely abrogated by co-addition of the BMP inhibitor noggin. Consistent with its angiogenic effect in vivo, NT-3 promoted angiogenesis in metatarsal bone explants, an effect abolished by co-treatment with anti-VEGF. This study suggests that NT-3 may be an osteogenic and angiogenic factor upstream of BMP-2 and VEGF in bony repair, and further studies are required to investigate whether NT-3 may be a potential target for preventing growth plate faulty bony repair or for promoting bone fracture healing. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rosa Chung
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chun-Sheng Ruan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shek Man Chim
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Vincent Kuek
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Prem P Dwivedi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bruce K Foster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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9
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Yang X, Teguh D, Wu JP, He B, Kirk TB, Qin S, Li S, Chen H, Xue W, Ng B, Chim SM, Tickner J, Xu J. Protein kinase C delta null mice exhibit structural alterations in articular surface, intra-articular and subchondral compartments. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:210. [PMID: 26279273 PMCID: PMC4538913 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Structural alterations in intra-articular and subchondral compartments are hallmarks of osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease that causes pain and disability in the aging population. Protein kinase C delta (PKC-δ) plays versatile functions in cell growth and differentiation, but its role in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone is not known. Methods Histological analysis including alcian blue, safranin O staining and fluorochrome labeling were used to reveal structural alterations at the articular cartilage surface and bone–cartilage interface in PKC-δ knockout (KO) mice. The morphology and organization of chondrocytes were studied using confocal microscopy. Glycosaminoglycan content was studied by micromass culture of chondrocytes of PKC-δ KO mice. Results We uncovered atypical structural demarcation between articular cartilage and subchondral bone of PKC-δ KO mice. Histology analyses revealed a thickening of the articular cartilage and calcified bone–cartilage interface, and decreased safranin O staining accompanied by an increase in the number of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the articular cartilage of PKC-δ KO mice. Interestingly, loss of demarcation between articular cartilage and bone was concomitant with irregular chondrocyte morphology and arrangement. Consistently, in vivo calcein labeling assay showed an increased intensity of calcein labeling in the interface of the growth plate and metaphysis in PKC-δ KO mice. Furthermore, in vitro culture of chondrocyte micromass showed a decreased alcian blue staining of chondrocyte micromass in the PKC-δ KO mice, indicative of a reduced level of glycosaminoglycan production. Conclusions Our data imply a role for PKC-δ in the osteochondral plasticity of the interface between articular cartilage and the osteochondral junction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0720-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China.
| | - Dian Teguh
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Jian-Ping Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Bo He
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia. .,Present address: Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Thomas Brett Kirk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Shengnan Qin
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China.
| | - Siming Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China.
| | - Honghui Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China.
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Benjamin Ng
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Shek Man Chim
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Jiake Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China. .,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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10
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Yao J, Li J, Zhou L, Cheng J, Chim SM, Zhang G, Quinn JMW, Tickner J, Zhao J, Xu J. Protein kinase C inhibitor, GF109203X attenuates osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption and RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFAT activity. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1235-42. [PMID: 25363829 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteolytic bone diseases are characterized by excessive osteoclast formation and activation. Protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathways regulate cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis in many cellular systems, and have been implicated in cancer development and osteoclast formation. A number of PKC inhibitors with anti-cancer properties have been developed, but whether they might also influence osteolysis (a common complication of bone invading cancers) is unclear. We studied the effects of the PKC inhibitor compound, GF109203X on osteoclast formation and activity, processes driven by receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL). We found that GF109203X strongly and dose dependently suppresses osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity in RANKL-treated primary mouse bone marrow cells. Consistent with this GF109203X reduced expression of key osteoclastic genes, including cathepsin K, calcitonin receptor, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and the proton pump subunit V-ATPase-d2 in RANKL-treated primary mouse bone marrow cells. Expression of these proteins is dependent upon RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFAT transcription factor actions; both were reduced in osteoclast progenitor populations by GF109203X treatment, notably NFATc1 levels. Furthermore, we showed that GF109203X inhibits RANKL-induced calcium oscillation. Together, this study shows GF109203X may block osteoclast functions, suggesting that pharmacological blockade of PKC-dependent pathways has therapeutic potential in osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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11
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Chim SM, Kuek V, Chow ST, Lim BS, Tickner J, Zhao J, Chung R, Su YW, Zhang G, Erber W, Xian CJ, Rosen V, Xu J. EGFL7 is expressed in bone microenvironment and promotes angiogenesis via ERK, STAT3, and integrin signaling cascades. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:82-94. [PMID: 24909139 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in bone formation, remodeling, and fracture healing. The regulation of angiogenesis in the bone microenvironment is highly complex and orchestrated by intercellular communication between bone cells and endothelial cells. Here, we report that EGF-like domain 7 (EGFL7), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeat protein superfamily is expressed in both the osteoclast and osteoblast lineages, and promotes endothelial cell activities. Addition of exogenous recombinant EGFL7 potentiates SVEC (simian virus 40-transformed mouse microvascular endothelial cell line) cell migration and tube-like structure formation in vitro. Moreover, recombinant EGFL7 promotes angiogenesis featuring web-like structures in ex vivo fetal mouse metatarsal angiogenesis assay. We show that recombinant EGFL7 induces phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in SVEC cells. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and STAT3 signaling impairs EGFL7-induced endothelial cell migration, and angiogenesis in fetal mouse metatarsal explants. Bioinformatic analyses indicate that EGFL7 contains a conserved RGD/QGD motif and EGFL7-induced endothelial cell migration is significantly reduced in the presence of RGD peptides. Moreover, EGFL7 gene expression is significantly upregulated during growth plate injury repair. Together, these results demonstrate that EGFL7 expressed by bone cells regulates endothelial cell activities through integrin-mediated signaling. This study highlights the important role that EGFL7, like EGFL6, expressed in bone microenvironment plays in the regulation of angiogenesis in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shek Man Chim
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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12
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Huang J, Zhou L, Wu H, Pavlos N, Chim SM, Liu Q, Zhao J, Xue W, Tan RX, Ye J, Xu J, Ang ES, Feng H, Tickner J, Xu J, Ding Y. Triptolide inhibits osteoclast formation, bone resorption, RANKL-mediated NF-қB activation and titanium particle-induced osteolysis in a mouse model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:346-53. [PMID: 25448849 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling pathway is required for osteoclast formation and function. By screening for compounds that inhibit RANKL-induced NF-κB activation using a luciferase reporter gene assay in RAW264.7 cells, we identified triptolide (PG490), as a candidate compound targeting osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-mediated osteolysis. Triptolide (PG490) is an active compound of the medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) or Lei Gong Teng with known anti-inflammatory properties. We found that triptolide inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, as well as RANKL-induced NF-қB activities as monitored by luciferase reporter gene assays and the nuclear translocation of p65. In vivo studies showed that triptolide attenuates titanium-induced osteolysis and osteoclast formation in a mouse calvarial model. Considering that drugs which protect against localized bone loss are critically needed for the effective treatment of particle-induced osteolysis, our data suggest that triptolide might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of bone lytic diseases caused by prosthetic wear particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Huang
- Orthopaedic Department, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Huafei Wu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nathan Pavlos
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shek Man Chim
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China, 530021
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, 510632
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, 210093
| | - Jiming Ye
- Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery (RCDD), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou, China, 510006
| | - Estabelle S Ang
- School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Haotian Feng
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Program of Nutrition and Bone & Joint Health, Nestlé R&D (China) Ltd. Building 5, No. 5 Dijin Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100095
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Yue Ding
- Orthopaedic Department, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Wu X, Chim SM, Kuek V, Lim BS, Chow ST, Zhao J, Yang S, Rosen V, Tickner J, Xu J. HtrA1 is upregulated during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, and negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and BMP2-induced Smad1/5/8, ERK and p38 phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Liu Q, Wu H, Chim SM, Zhou L, Zhao J, Feng H, Wei Q, Wang Q, Zheng MH, Tan RX, Gu Q, Xu J, Pavlos N, Tickner J, Xu J. SC-514, a selective inhibitor of IKKβ attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and NF-κB activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1775-83. [PMID: 24091016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling pathway is essential for osteoclastogenesis. This study aims to identify specific inhibitors targeting NF-κB signaling pathway, which might serve as useful small molecule inhibitors for the treatment and alleviation of osteoclast-mediated bone lytic diseases. By screening for compounds that selectively inhibit RANKL-induced NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells as monitored by luciferase reporter gene assay, we identified SC-514, a specific inhibitor of IKKβ, as a candidate compound targeting osteoclastogenesis. SC-514 dose-dependently inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis with an IC50 of <5μM. At high concentrations, SC-514 (≥12.5μM) induced apoptosis and caspase 3 activation in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SC-514 specifically suppressed NF-κB activity owing to delayed RANKL-induced degradation of IκBα and inhibition of p65 nuclear translocation. Taken together, our results indicate that SC-514 impairs RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and NF-κB activation. Thus, targeting IKKβ by SC-514 presents as a potential treatment for osteoclast-related disorders such as osteoporosis and cancer-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Khor EC, Abel T, Tickner J, Chim SM, Wang C, Cheng T, Ng B, Ng PY, Teguh DA, Kenny J, Yang X, Chen H, Nakayama KI, Nakayama K, Pavlos N, Zheng MH, Xu J. Loss of protein kinase C-δ protects against LPS-induced osteolysis owing to an intrinsic defect in osteoclastic bone resorption. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70815. [PMID: 23951014 PMCID: PMC3738588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is intrinsically regulated by cell signaling molecules. The Protein Kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases is involved in multiple signaling pathways including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and osteoclast biology. However, the precise involvement of individual PKC isoforms in the regulation of osteoclast formation and bone homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we identify PKC-δ as the major PKC isoform expressed among all PKCs in osteoclasts; including classical PKCs (-α, -β and -γ), novel PKCs (-δ, -ε, -η and -θ) and atypical PKCs (-ι/λ and -ζ). Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of PKC-δ impairs osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. Moreover, disruption of PKC-δ activity protects against LPS-induced osteolysis in mice, with osteoclasts accumulating on the bone surface failing to resorb bone. Treatment with the PKC-δ inhibitor Rottlerin, blocks LPS-induced bone resorption in mice. Consistently, PKC-δ deficient mice exhibit increased trabeculae bone containing residual cartilage matrix, indicative of an osteoclast-rich osteopetrosis phenotype. Cultured ex vivo osteoclasts derived from PKC-δ null mice exhibit decreased CTX-1 levels and MARKS phosphorylation, with enhanced formation rates. This is accompanied by elevated gene expression levels of cathepsin K and PKC -α, -γ and -ε, as well as altered signaling of pERK and pcSrc416/527 upon RANKL-induction, possibly to compensate for the defects in bone resorption. Collectively, our data indicate that PKC-δ is an intrinsic regulator of osteoclast formation and bone resorption and thus is a potential therapeutic target for pathological osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Cheng Khor
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tamara Abel
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shek Man Chim
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cathy Wang
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Taksum Cheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin Ng
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Ng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dian Astari Teguh
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacob Kenny
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghui Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nathan Pavlos
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ming H. Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail: (JX); (MHZ)
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail: (JX); (MHZ)
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16
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Chim SM, Tickner J, Chow ST, Kuek V, Guo B, Zhang G, Rosen V, Erber W, Xu J. Angiogenic factors in bone local environment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:297-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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He B, Wu JP, Chim SM, Xu J, Kirk TB. Microstructural analysis of collagen and elastin fibres in the kangaroo articular cartilage reveals a structural divergence depending on its local mechanical environment. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:237-45. [PMID: 23085561 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the microstructure of the collagen and elastin fibres in articular cartilage under different natural mechanical loading conditions and determine the relationship between the microstructure of collagen and its mechanical environment. METHOD Articular cartilage specimens were collected from the load bearing regions of the medial femoral condyle and the medial distal humerus of adult kangaroos. The microstructure of collagen and elastin fibres of these specimens was studied using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and the orientation and texture features of the collagen were analysed using ImageJ. RESULTS A zonal arrangement of collagen was found in kangaroo articular cartilage: the collagen fibres aligned parallel to the surface in the superficial zone and ran perpendicular in the deep zone. Compared with the distal humerus, the collagen in the femoral condyle was less isotropic and more clearly oriented, especially in the superficial and deep zones. The collagen in the femoral condyle was highly heterogeneous, less linear and more complex. Elastin fibres were found mainly in the superficial zone of the articular cartilage of both femoral condyle and distal humerus. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that the collagen structure and texture of kangaroo articular cartilage is joint-dependent. This finding emphasizes the effects of loading on collagen development and suggests that articular cartilage with high biochemical and biomechanical qualities could be achieved by optimizing joint loading, which may benefit cartilage tissue engineering and prevention of joint injury. The existence of elastin fibres in articular cartilage could have important functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B He
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
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Guo J, Ren F, Wang Y, Li S, Gao Z, Wang X, Ning H, Wu J, Li Y, Wang Z, Chim SM, Xu J, Chang Z. miR-764-5p promotes osteoblast differentiation through inhibition of CHIP/STUB1 expression. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1607-18. [PMID: 22407479 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of committed precursor cells into the osteoblast lineage is tightly regulated by several factors, including Runx2 and BMP2. We previously reported that C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein/STIP1 homology and U-Box containing protein 1 (CHIP/STUB1) negatively regulated osteoblast differentiation through promoting Runx2 protein degradation. However, how CHIP is regulated during osteoblast differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we found that miR-764-5p is up-expressed during the osteoblast differentiation in calvarial and osteoblast progenitor cells, coupled with down-expression of CHIP protein. We observed that forced expression or inhibition of miR-764-5p decreased or increased the CHIP protein level through affecting its translation by targeting the 3'-UTR region. Perturbation of miR-764-5p resulted in altered differentiation fate of osteoblast progenitor cells and the role of miR-764-5p was reversed by overexpression of CHIP, whereas depletion of CHIP impaired the effect of miR-764-5p. Our data showed that miR-764-5p positively regulates osteoblast differentiation from osteoblast progenitor cells by repressing the translation of CHIP protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Kular J, Tickner J, Chim SM, Xu J. An overview of the regulation of bone remodelling at the cellular level. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:863-73. [PMID: 22465238 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the current literature on the regulation of bone remodelling at the cellular level. DESIGN AND METHODS The cellular activities of the cells in the basic multicellular unit (BMU) were evaluated. RESULTS Bone remodelling requires an intimate cross-talk between osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is tightly coordinated by regulatory proteins that interact through complex autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Osteocytes, bone lining cells, osteomacs, and vascular endothelial cells also regulate bone remodelling in the BMU via cell signalling networks of ligand-receptor complexes. In addition, through secreted and membrane-bound factors in the bone microenvironment, T and B lymphocytes mediate bone homeostasis in osteoimmunology. CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis and other bone diseases occur because multicellular communication within the BMU is disrupted. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of bone remodelling and the discovery of novel paracrine or coupling factors, such as RANKL, sclerostin, EGFL6 and semaphorin 4D, will lay the foundation for drug development against bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasreen Kular
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
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Ang ESM, Pavlos NJ, Chim SM, Feng HT, Scaife RM, Steer JH, Zheng MH, Xu J. Paclitaxel inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption via influencing mitotic cell cycle arrest and RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB and ERK. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:946-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chim SM, Qin A, Tickner J, Pavlos N, Davey T, Wang H, Guo Y, Zheng MH, Xu J. EGFL6 promotes endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22035-46. [PMID: 21531721 PMCID: PMC3121348 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.187633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required for bone development, growth, and repair. It is influenced by the local bone environment that involves cross-talks between endothelial cells and adjacent bone cells. However, data regarding factors that directly contribute to angiogenesis by bone cells remain poorly understood. Here, we report that EGFL6, a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeat superfamily proteins, induces angiogenesis by a paracrine mechanism in which EGFL6 is expressed in osteoblastic-like cells but promotes migration and angiogenesis of endothelial cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that EGFL6 is secreted in culture medium as a homodimer protein. Using scratch wound healing and transwell assays, we found that conditioned medium containing EGFL6 potentiates SVEC (a simian virus 40-transformed mouse microvascular endothelial cell line) endothelial cell migration. In addition, EGFL6 promotes the endothelial cell tube-like structure formation in Matrigel assays and angiogenesis in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Furthermore, we show that EGFL6 recombinant protein induces phosphorylation of ERK in SVEC endothelial cells. Inhibition of ERK impaired EGFL6-induced ERK activation and endothelial cell migration. Together, these results demonstrate, for the first time, that osteoblastic-like cells express EGFL6 that is capable of promoting endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis via ERK activation. Thus, the EGLF6 mediates a paracrine mechanism of cross-talk between vascular endothelial cells and osteoblasts and might offer an important new target for the potential treatment of bone diseases, including osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, and fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shek Man Chim
- From the School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - An Qin
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- the Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | | | - Nathan Pavlos
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Tamara Davey
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- the International Joint Cancer Institute and 301 General Hospital Cancer Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
- the National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Antibody, Shanghai 201203, and
- the Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, Center for Antibody Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yajun Guo
- the International Joint Cancer Institute and 301 General Hospital Cancer Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
- the National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Antibody, Shanghai 201203, and
- the Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, Center for Antibody Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming Hao Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- From the School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
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