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Thabet NM, Abdel-Rafei MK, Moustafa EM. Boswellic acid protects against Bisphenol-A and gamma radiation induced hepatic steatosis and cardiac remodelling in rats: role of hepatic PPAR-α/P38 and cardiac Calcineurin-A/NFATc1/P38 pathways. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:767-785. [PMID: 32057248 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1727526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) and gamma-radiation are two risky environmental pollutants that human beings are exposed to in everyday life and consequently they threaten human health via inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and eventually tissue damage. This study aims at appraising the protective effect of Boswellic Acid (BA) (250 mg/kg/day, orally) administration on BPA (150 mg/kg/day, i.p) and γ-irradiation (IR) (3 Gy/week for 4 weeks up to cumulative dose of 12 Gy/experimental course) for 4 weeks-induced damage to liver and heart tissues of rats. The present results indicated a significant improvement against damage induced by BPA and IR revealed in biochemical investigations (hepatic PPAR-α/P38 and cardiac ET-1/Calcineurin-A/NFATc1/P38) and histopathological examination of liver and heart. It could be concluded that BA possesses a protective effect against these two deleterious environmental pollutants which attracted major global concerns due to their serious toxicological impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura M Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas M Moustafa
- Radiation Biology Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Ferreira JMC, Huhle R, Müller S, Schnabel C, Mehner M, Koch T, Gama de Abreu M. Static Stretch Increases the Pro-Inflammatory Response of Rat Type 2 Alveolar Epithelial Cells to Dynamic Stretch. Front Physiol 2022; 13:838834. [PMID: 35480037 PMCID: PMC9035495 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.838834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) inflicts stress on the lungs, initiating or increasing lung inflammation, so-called ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Besides overdistention, cyclic opening-and-closing of alveoli (atelectrauma) is recognized as a potential mechanism of VILI. The dynamic stretch may be reduced by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), which in turn increases the static stretch. We investigated whether static stretch modulates the inflammatory response of rat type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) at different levels of dynamic stretch and hypothesized that static stretch increases pro-inflammatory response of AECs at given dynamic stretch. Methods: AECs, stimulated and not stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were subjected to combinations of static (10, 20, and 30%) and dynamic stretch (15, 20, and 30%), for 1 and 4 h. Non-stretched AECs served as control. The gene expression and secreted protein levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) were studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The effects of static and dynamic stretch were assessed by two-factorial ANOVA with planned effects post-hoc comparison according to Šidák. Statistical significance was considered for p < 0.05. Results: In LPS-stimulated, but not in non-stimulated rat type 2 AECs, compared to non-stretched cells: 1) dynamic stretch increased the expression of amphiregulin (AREG) (p < 0.05), MCP-1 (p < 0.001), and MIP-2 (<0.05), respectively, as well as the protein secretion of IL-6 (p < 0.001) and MCP-1 (p < 0.05); 2) static stretch increased the gene expression of MCP-1 (p < 0.001) and MIP-2, but not AREG, and resulted in higher secretion of IL-6 (p < 0.001), but not MCP-1, while MIP-2 was not detectable in the medium. Conclusion: In rat type 2 AECs stimulated with LPS, static stretch increased the pro-inflammatory response to dynamic stretch, suggesting a potential pro-inflammatory effect of PEEP during mechanical ventilation at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. C. Ferreira
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Engineering Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jorge M. C. Ferreira,
| | - Robert Huhle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Engineering Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Engineering Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Schnabel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Mehner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thea Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Engineering Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcelo Gama de Abreu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Engineering Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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3
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Wang SF, Chang YL, Tzeng YD, Wu CL, Wang YZ, Tseng LM, Chen S, Lee HC. Mitochondrial stress adaptation promotes resistance to aromatase inhibitor in human breast cancer cells via ROS/calcium up-regulated amphiregulin-estrogen receptor loop signaling. Cancer Lett 2021; 523:82-99. [PMID: 34610415 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many breast cancer patients harbor high estrogen receptor (ER) expression in tumors that can be treated with endocrine therapy, which includes aromatase inhibitors (AI); unfortunately, resistance often occurs. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been thought to contribute to progression and to be related to hormone receptor expression in breast tumors. Mitochondrial alterations in AI-resistant breast cancer have not yet been defined. In this study, we characterized mitochondrial alterations and their roles in AI resistance. MCF-7aro AI-resistant breast cancer cells were shown to have significant changes in mitochondria. Low expressions of mitochondrial genes and proteins could be poor prognostic factors for breast cancer patients. Long-term mitochondrial inhibitor treatments-mediated mitochondrial stress adaptation could induce letrozole resistance. ERα-amphiregulin (AREG) loop signaling was activated and contributed to mitochondrial stress adaptation-mediated letrozole resistance. The up-regulation of AREG-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) crosstalk activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK pathways and was responsible for ERα activation. Moreover, mitochondrial stress adaptation-increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium were shown to induce AREG expression and secretion. In conclusion, our results support the claim that mitochondrial stress adaptation contributes to AI resistance via ROS/calcium-mediated AREG-ERα loop signaling and provide possible treatment targets for overcoming AI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Dun Tzeng
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ling Wu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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4
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Lee B, Shin H, Oh JE, Park J, Park M, Yang SC, Jun JH, Hong SH, Song H, Lim HJ. An autophagic deficit in the uterine vessel microenvironment provokes hyperpermeability through deregulated VEGFA, NOS1, and CTNNB1. Autophagy 2021; 17:1649-1666. [PMID: 32579471 PMCID: PMC8354601 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1778292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The uterus undergoes vascular changes during the reproductive cycle and pregnancy. Steroid hormone deprivation induces macroautophagy/autophagy in major uterine cell types. Herein, we explored the functions of uterine autophagy using the Amhr2-Cre-driven atg7 deletion model. Deletion of Atg7 was confirmed by functional deficit of autophagy in uterine stromal, myometrial, and vascular smooth muscle cells, but not in endothelial cells. atg7d/d uteri exhibited enhanced stromal edema accompanied by dilation of blood vessels. Ovariectomized atg7d/d uteri showed decreased expression of endothelial junction-related proteins, such as CTNNB1/beta-catenin, with increased vascular permeability, and increased expression of VEGFA and NOS1. Nitric oxide (NO) was shown to mediate VEGFA-induced vascular permeability by targeting CTNNB1. NO involvement in maintaining endothelial junctional stability in atg7d/d uteri was confirmed by the reduction in extravasation following treatment with a NOS inhibitor. We also showed that atg7d/d uterine phenotype improved the fetal weight:placental weight ratio, which is one of the indicators of assessing the status of preeclampsia. We showed that autophagic deficit in the uterine vessel microenvironment provokes hyperpermeability through the deregulation of VEGFA, NOS1, and CTNNB1.Abbreviations: ACTA2: actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aortic; Amhr2: anti-Mullerian hormone type 2 receptor; ANGPT1: angiopoietin 1; ATG: autophagy-related; CDH5: cadherin 5; CLDN5: claudin 5; COL1A1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; CSPG4/NG2: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4; CTNNB1: catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1; DES: desmin; EDN1: endothelin 1; EDNRB: endothelin receptor type B; F3: coagulation factor III; KDR/FLK1/VEGFR2: kinase insert domain protein receptor; LYVE1: lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MCAM/CD146: melanoma cell adhesion molecule; MYL2: myosin, light polypeptide 2, regulatory, cardiac, slow; MYLK: myosin, light polypeptide kinase; NOS1/nNOS: nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal; NOS2/iNOS: nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible; NOS3/eNOS: nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell; OVX: ovariectomy; PECAM1/CD31: platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; POSTN: periostin, osteoblast specific factor; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TEK/Tie2: TEK receptor tyrosine kinase; TJP1/ZO-1: tight junction protein 1; TUBB1, tubulin, beta 1 class VI; USC: uterine stromal cell; VEGFA: vascular endothelial growth factor A; VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Oh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaekyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seung Chel Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Jun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Eulji Medi-Bio Research Institute, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Jade Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Ho CC, Tsai MH, Chen YC, Kuo CC, Lin P. Persistent elevation of blood pressure by ambient coarse particulate matter after recovery from pulmonary inflammation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:814-824. [PMID: 30919559 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, we reported that exposure to fine and coarse PM caused pulmonary inflammation and pulmonary small arterial remodeling in mice, and osteopontin (OPN) level was elevated following PM exposure. However, in the present study, cotreatment with 5-methoxytryptophan for 4 weeks partially reduced coarse PM-induced pulmonary inflammation without reducing pulmonary OPN secretion or recovery from pulmonary arterial remodeling in mice. Persistent vascular dysfunction may lead to vascular remodeling. Therefore, we further compared the relationship between coarse PM-induced inflammation and vascular dysfunction by exposing mice to PM before and after cessation of PM exposure. Oropharyngeal aspiration of PM for 8 weeks induced pulmonary inflammation and pulmonary small artery remodeling in mice, as well as increased serum C-reactive protein and OPN concentrations and systolic blood pressure (SBP). After the cessation of PM exposure for another 8 weeks, lung inflammation had recovered and vascular remodeling had partially recovered. Elevation of OPN, metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cytokines in bronchioalveolar lavage were significantly reduced. However, PM-induced systemic responses did not recover after the cessation of PM exposure. Notably, not only serum OPN and SBP remained significantly elevated; also, serum endothelin-1, MMP-9, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine concentrations were significantly increased after cessation of PM exposure for another 8 weeks. These data suggested that systemic inflammation and systemic vascular dysfunction might be important in PM-induced elevation of SBP. Furthermore, SBP elevation was persistent after cessation of PM exposure for 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Ho
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350 Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350 Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350 Taiwan
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6
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Mihanfar A, Sadigh AR, Fattahi A, Latifi Z, Hasanzadeh-Moghadam M, Samadi M, Farzadi L, Hamdi K, Ghasemzadeh A, Nejabati HR, Nouri M. Endothelins and their receptors in embryo implantation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14274-14284. [PMID: 31106465 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a critical stage of pregnancy, the implantation of blastocysts into the endometrium is a progressive, excessively regulated local tissue remodeling step involving a complex sequence of genetic and cellular interplay executed within an optimal time frame. For better understanding the causes of infertility and, more importantly, for developing powerful strategies for successful implantations and combating infertility, an increasing number of recent studies have been focused on the identification and study of newly described substances in the reproductive tree. The endothelins (ET), a 21-aminoacidic family of genes, have been reported to be responsible for the contraction of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscles, including the smooth muscles of the uterus. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively discuss the physiological role of endothelins and signaling through their receptors, as well as their probable involvement in the implantation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Aydin Raei Sadigh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Latifi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahrokh Samadi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Laya Farzadi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kobra Hamdi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliyeh Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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Valokola MG, Karimi G, Razavi BM, Kianfar M, Jafarian AH, Jaafari MR, Imenshahidi M. The protective activity of nanomicelle curcumin in bisphenol A-induced cardiotoxicity following subacute exposure in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:319-329. [PMID: 30496632 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic compound, is used in manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, is a potent protective compound against cardiac diseases. In this study the protective effect of nanomicelle curcumin on BPA-induced subchronic cardiotoxicity in rats was evaluated. Rats were divided into 6 groups including control, nanomicelle curcumin (50 mg/kg, gavage), BPA (50 mg/kg, gavage), nanomicelle curcumin (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) plus BPA. The treatments were continued for 4 weeks. Results revealed that BPA significantly induced histophatological injuries including focal lymphatic inflammation, nuclear degenerative changes and cytoplasmic vacuolation, increased body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, malondialdehyde and Creatine phosphokinase-MB level and decreased glutathione content in comparison with control group. In addition, in electrocardiographic graph, RR, QT, and PQ intervals were increased by BPA. Western blot analysis showed that BPA up-regulated phosphorylated p38 (p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase) and JNK (c-jun NH2 terminal kinases), while down-regulated phosphorylated AKT (Protein Kinase B) and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2). However, nanomicelle curcumin (50 mg/kg) significantly improved these toxic effects of BPA in rat heart tissue. The results provide evidence that nanomicelle curcumin showed preventive effects on subchronic exposure to BPA induced toxicity in the heart tissue in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Gorji Valokola
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Kianfar
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Jafarian
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Wallace K, Chatman K, Johnson V, Brookins A, Rushing J, LaMarca B. Novel treatment avenues for uterine leiomyoma: a new implication for endothelin? Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2261-2267. [PMID: 30301761 PMCID: PMC6614866 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), an angiogenic factor whose expression is decreased in fibroids. The aim of the present study was to determine if CYR61 secretion in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is regulated by hypoxia and through the endothelin A (ETA) receptor. SMCs from fibroids (fSMC) and the adjacent myometrium smooth muscle cells (mSMCs) were extracted from ten women undergoing hysterectomy for uterine fibroids and cultured with or without 1.0 µM of an ETA receptor antagonist for 24 h under either normal or hypoxic oxygen conditions. Cellular secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and CYR61 were measured via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the cell culture media. SMCs were collected to determine cell proliferation and CYR61 protein expression via Western blot. ET-1 secretion was significantly increased in fSMC and was decreased with blockade of the ETA receptor under both normoxia (P=0.0004) and hypoxia (P=0.008). CYR61 expression was decreased in fSMCs and significantly increased with blockade of the ETA receptor under hypoxia (P=0.04). Cell proliferation decreased with ETA blockade under normoxia (P=0.0001) and hypoxia (P=0.001). These results suggest that suppression of CYR61 secretion in fSMC is regulated by the ET-1 and that blockade with ETA could be considered for a future treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedra Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A.
| | - Krystal Chatman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Venessia Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Alexis Brookins
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - John Rushing
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
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9
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Rieg AD, Suleiman S, Anker C, Verjans E, Rossaint R, Uhlig S, Martin C. PDGF-BB regulates the pulmonary vascular tone: impact of prostaglandins, calcium, MAPK- and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and actin polymerisation in pulmonary veins of guinea pigs. Respir Res 2018; 19:120. [PMID: 29921306 PMCID: PMC6009037 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and its receptor PDGFR are highly expressed in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and mediate proliferation. Recently, we showed that PDGF-BB contracts pulmonary veins (PVs) and that this contraction is prevented by inhibition of PDGFR-β (imatinib/SU6668). Here, we studied PDGF-BB-induced contraction and downstream-signalling in isolated perfused lungs (IPL) and precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) of guinea pigs (GPs). Methods In IPLs, PDGF-BB was perfused after or without pre-treatment with imatinib (perfused/nebulised), the effects on the pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA), the left atrial pressure (PLA) and the capillary pressure (Pcap) were studied and the precapillary (Rpre) and postcapillary resistance (Rpost) were calculated. Perfusate samples were analysed (ELISA) to detect the PDGF-BB-induced release of prostaglandin metabolites (TXA2/PGI2). In PCLS, the contractile effect of PDGF-BB was evaluated in pulmonary arteries (PAs) and PVs. In PVs, PDGF-BB-induced contraction was studied after inhibition of PDGFR-α/β, L-Type Ca2+-channels, ROCK/PKC, prostaglandin receptors, MAP2K, p38-MAPK, PI3K-α/γ, AKT/PKB, actin polymerisation, adenyl cyclase and NO. Changes of the vascular tone were measured by videomicroscopy. In PVs, intracellular cAMP was measured by ELISA. Results In IPLs, PDGF-BB increased PPA, Pcap and Rpost. In contrast, PDGF-BB had no effect if lungs were pre-treated with imatinib (perfused/nebulised). In PCLS, PDGF-BB significantly contracted PVs/PAs which was blocked by the PDGFR-β antagonist SU6668. In PVs, inhibition of actin polymerisation and inhibition of L-Type Ca2+-channels reduced PDGF-BB-induced contraction, whereas inhibition of ROCK/PKC had no effect. Blocking of EP1/3- and TP-receptors or inhibition of MAP2K-, p38-MAPK-, PI3K-α/γ- and AKT/PKB-signalling prevented PDGF-BB-induced contraction, whereas inhibition of EP4 only slightly reduced it. Accordingly, PDGF-BB increased TXA2 in the perfusate, whereas PGI2 was increased in all groups after 120 min and inhibition of IP-receptors did not enhance PDGF-BB-induced contraction. Moreover, PDGF-BB increased cAMP in PVs and inhibition of adenyl cyclase enhanced PDGF-BB-induced contraction, whereas inhibition of NO-formation only slightly increased it. Conclusions PDGF-BB/PDGFR regulates the pulmonary vascular tone by the generation of prostaglandins, the increase of calcium, the activation of MAPK- or PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and actin remodelling. More insights in PDGF-BB downstream-signalling may contribute to develop new therapeutics for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette D Rieg
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Said Suleiman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Anker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Verjans
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Deacon K, Knox AJ. PINX1 and TERT Are Required for TNF-α-Induced Airway Smooth Muscle Chemokine Gene Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1283-1294. [PMID: 29305433 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells contribute to asthmatic lung pathology with chemokine hypersecretion and increased ASM cell mass. With little recent progress in the development of asthma therapies, a greater understanding of lung inflammation mechanisms has become a priority. Chemokine gene expression in ASM cells is dependent upon NF-κB transcription factor activity. The telomerase/shelterin complex maintains chromosomal telomere ends during cell division. Telomerase is a possible cofactor for NF-κB activity, but its role in NF-κB activity in airway tissue inflammation is not known. In this study, we sought to address two key questions: whether telomerase is involved in inflammation in ASM cells, and whether components of the shelterin complex are also required for an inflammatory response in ASM cells. Telomerase inhibitors and telomerase small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced TNF-α-induced chemokine expression in ASM cells. Telomerase siRNA and inhibitors reduced NF-κB activity. An siRNA screen of shelterin components identified a requirement for PIN2/TERF1 interacting-telomerase inhibitor 1 (PINX1) in chemokine gene expression. High-level PINX1 overexpression reduced NF-κB reporter activity, but low-level expression amplified NF-κB activity. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed association of PINX1 and p65. Overexpression of the N terminus (2-252 aa) of PINX1, but not the C-terminal telomerase-inhibitor domain (253-328 aa), amplified TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity. GST pull-downs demonstrated that the N terminus of PINX1 bound more p65 than the C-terminal telomerase-inhibitor domain; these observations were confirmed in whole cells with N-terminal and C-terminal PINX1 immunoprecipitation. We conclude that telomerase and PINX1 are required for chemokine expression in ASM cells and represent significant new targets for future anti-inflammatory therapies for lung diseases, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Deacon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Knox
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
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11
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Thuesen AD, Andersen K, Lyngsø KS, Burton M, Brasch-Andersen C, Vanhoutte PM, Hansen PBL. Deletion of T-type calcium channels Cav3.1 or Cav3.2 attenuates endothelial dysfunction in aging mice. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:355-365. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Cheshmehkani A, Senatorov IS, Dhuguru J, Ghoneim O, Moniri NH. Free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFA4) modulates ROS generation and COX-2 expression via the C-terminal β-arrestin phosphosensor in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 146:139-150. [PMID: 28943238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Agonism of the G protein-coupled free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFA4) has been shown to promote numerous anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages that arise due to interaction with β-arrestin partner proteins. Humans express functionally distinct short and long FFA4 splice variants, such that FFA4-S signals through Gαq/11 and β-arrestin, while FFA4-L is intrinsically biased solely towards β-arrestin signaling. Recently, we and others have shown that phosphorylation of the FFA4 C-terminal tail is responsible for β-arrestin interactability and signaling. Given the significance of β-arrestin in the anti-inflammatory function of FFA4, the goal of this study was to examine the role of the C-terminal β-arrestin phosphosensor in FFA4 signaling induced by PMA and LPS in murine Raw 264.7 macrophages. Our data reveal for the first time that both FFA4 isoforms modulate PMA-induced ROS generation, and that abolishment of the FFA4-S, but not FFA4-L C-terminal phosphosensor, is detrimental to this effect. Furthermore, we show that while both isoforms reduce PMA-induced expression of COX-2, removal of the FFA4-S phosphosensor significantly decreases this response, suggesting that these effects of FFA4-S are β-arrestin mediated. On the contrary, FFA4-S, as well as the truncated C-terminal congener lacking the β-arrestin phosphosensor were both able to reduce LPS-induced NF-κB activity and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. However, FFA4-L and its corresponding mutant were incapable of modulating either, suggesting that these responses are mediated by G protein coupling. Taken together, our data reveal important structure-function and signaling differences between the two FFA4 isoforms, and for the first time link FFA4 to modulation of ROS in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Cheshmehkani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Ilya S Senatorov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Jyothi Dhuguru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Ola Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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13
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Endothelial overexpression of endothelin-1 modulates aortic, carotid, iliac and renal arterial responses in obese mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:498-512. [PMID: 28216625 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is essential for mammalian development and life, but it has also been implicated in increased cardiovascular risk under pathophysiological conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of endothelial overexpression of the prepro-endothelin-1 gene on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent responses in the conduit and renal arteries of lean and obese mice. Obesity was induced by high-fat-diet (HFD) consumption in mice with Tie-1 promoter-driven, endothelium-specific overexpression of the prepro-endothelin-1 gene (TEThet) and in wild-type (WT) littermates on a C57BL/6N background. Isometric tension was measured in rings (with endothelium) of the aorta (A), carotid (CA) and iliac (IA) arteries as well as the main (MRA) and segmental renal (SRA) arteries; all experiments were conducted in the absence or presence of L-NAME and/or the COX inhibitor meclofenamate. The release of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 was measured by ELISA. In the MRA, TEThet per se increased contractions to endothelin-1, but the response was decreased in SRA in response to serotonin; there were also improved relaxations to acetylcholine but not insulin in the SRA in the presence of L-NAME. HFD per se augmented the contractions to endothelin-1 (MRA) and to the thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptor agonist U46619 (CA, MRA) as well as facilitated relaxations to isoproterenol (A). The combination of HFD and TEThet overexpression increased the contractions of MRA and SRA to vasoconstrictors but not in the presence of meclofenamate; this combination also augmented further relaxations to isoproterenol in the A. Contractions to endothelin-1 in the IA were prevented by endothelin-A receptor antagonist BQ-123 but only attenuated in obese mice by BQ-788. The COX-1 inhibitor FR122047 abolished the contractions of CA to acetylcholine. The release of prostacyclin during the latter condition was augmented in samples from obese TEThet mice and abolished by FR122047. These findings suggest that endothelial TEThet overexpression in lean animals has minimal effects on vascular responsiveness. However, if comorbid with obesity, endothelin-1-modulated, prostanoid-mediated renal arterial dysfunction becomes apparent.
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14
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Liu J, Yang XF. Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in immune response in liver fibrosis and mechanisms involved. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:702-708. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i8.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible enzyme, is almost not expressed in normal human and rat liver tissues, but is highly expressed in liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Inhibition or interference of COX-2 expression can significantly inhibit the formation of hepatic fibrosis in rats, suggesting that COX-2 is involved in the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Recent studies have shown that the role of COX-2 in the development of hepatic fibrosis may be related to immune response. In this paper, we review the role of COX-2 and its metabolites in the immune response in liver fibrosis, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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15
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Baretella O, Vanhoutte P. Endothelium-Dependent Contractions. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:177-208. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Siemsen DW, Dobrinen E, Han S, Chiocchi K, Meissner N, Swain SD. Vascular Dysfunction in Pneumocystis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension Is Related to Endothelin Response and Adrenomedullin Concentration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 186:259-69. [PMID: 26687815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension subsequent to an infectious disease can be due to vascular structural remodeling or to functional alterations within various vascular cell types. In our previous mouse model of Pneumocystis-associated pulmonary hypertension, we found that vascular remodeling was not responsible for observed increases in right ventricular pressures. Here, we report that the vascular dysfunction we observed could be explained by an enhanced response to endothelin-1 (20% greater reduction in lumen diameter, P ≤ 0.05), corresponding to an up-regulation of similar magnitude (P ≤ 0.05) of the endothelin A receptor in the lung tissue. This effect was potentially augmented by a decrease in production of the pulmonary vasodilator adrenomedullin of almost 70% (P ≤ 0.05). These changes did not occur in interferon-γ knockout mice similarly treated, which do not develop pulmonary hypertension under these circumstances. Surprisingly, we did not observe any relevant changes in the vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase vasodilatory response, which is a common potential site of inflammatory alterations to pulmonary vascular function. Our results indicate the diverse mechanisms by which inflammatory responses to prior infections can cause functionally relevant changes in vascular responses in the lung, promoting the development of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan W Siemsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Erin Dobrinen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Soo Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Kari Chiocchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Nicole Meissner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Steve D Swain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.
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17
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Lin CC, Lin WN, Hou WC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Endothelin-1 induces VCAM-1 expression-mediated inflammation via receptor tyrosine kinases and Elk/p300 in human tracheal smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L211-25. [PMID: 26071554 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00232.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevated level of endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with severe asthma, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and sepsis. ET-1 may affect vessel tone together with lung physiology and pathology. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is one kind of adhesion molecules participating in the process of polymorphonuclear leukocyte transmigration and regulating the occurrence and amplification of tissue inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ET-1-mediated expression of VCAM-1 on human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs) were largely unknown. Here we reported that ET-1 stimulated expression of VCAM-1 gene on HTSMCs, which was blocked by pretreatment with the inhibitors of ET receptors, Src, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, MEK1/2, and p300, suggesting the participation of these signaling components in ET-1-regulated HTSMC responses. Furthermore, transfection with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) of Src, AKT, p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or p300 downregulated the respective proteins and significantly attenuated ET-1-induced VCAM-1 expression. ET-1 also stimulated phosphorylation of Src, EGFR, PDGFR, AKT, p42/p44 MAPK, and Elk-1 and acetylation of histone H4 on HTSMCs. Immunoprecipitation assay showed the association between Elk-1 and p300 in the nucleus. Adhesion assay revealed that the adhesion of THP-1 to HTSMCs challenged with ET-1 was increased, which was attenuated by the inhibitors of ET receptors, Src, MMPs, EGFR, PDGFR, PI3K, AKT, p42/p44 MAPK, and p300. Taken together, these data suggested that ET-1 promotes occurrence and amplification of pathology-related airway inflammation via enhancing VCAM-1 expression in an ET receptor/Src/MMP/EGFR, PDGFR/PI3K/AKT/p42/p44 MAPK/Elk-1/p300 pathway in HTSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; and
| | - Wei-Chen Hou
- Department of Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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18
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Deacon K, Knox AJ. Human airway smooth muscle cells secrete amphiregulin via bradykinin/COX-2/PGE2, inducing COX-2, CXCL8, and VEGF expression in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L237-49. [PMID: 26047642 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00390.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMC) contribute to asthma pathophysiology through an increased smooth muscle mass and elevated cytokine/chemokine output. Little is known about how HASMC and the airway epithelium interact to regulate chronic airway inflammation and remodeling. Amphiregulin is a member of the family of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agonists with cell growth and proinflammatory roles and increased expression in the lungs of asthma patients. Here we show that bradykinin (BK) stimulation of HASMC increases amphiregulin secretion in a mechanism dependent on BK-induced COX-2 expression, increased PGE2 output, and the stimulation of HASMC EP2 and EP4 receptors. Conditioned medium from BK treated HASMC induced CXCL8, VEGF, and COX-2 mRNA and protein accumulation in airway epithelial cells, which were blocked by anti-amphiregulin antibodies and amphiregulin siRNA, suggesting a paracrine effect of HASMC-derived amphiregulin on airway epithelial cells. Consistent with this, recombinant amphiregulin induced CXCL8, VEGF, and COX-2 in airway epithelial cells. Finally, we found that conditioned media from amphiregulin-stimulated airway epithelial cells induced amphiregulin expression in HASMC and that this was dependent on airway epithelial cell COX-2 activity. Our study provides evidence of a dynamic axis of interaction between HASMC and epithelial cells that amplifies CXCL8, VEGF, COX-2, and amphiregulin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Deacon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Nottingham
| | - Alan J Knox
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Nottingham
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19
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Siti HN, Kamisah Y, Kamsiah J. The role of oxidative stress, antioxidants and vascular inflammation in cardiovascular disease (a review). Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 71:40-56. [PMID: 25869516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The concept of mild chronic vascular inflammation as part of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, most importantly hypertension and atherosclerosis, has been well accepted. Indeed there are links between vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. However, there are still gaps in our understanding regarding this matter that might be the cause behind disappointing results of antioxidant therapy for cardiovascular risk factors in large-scale long-term randomised controlled trials. Apart from the limitations of our knowledge, limitations in methodology and assessment of the body's endogenous and exogenous oxidant-antioxidant status are a serious handicap. The pleiotropic effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammation that are shown by some well-established antihypertensive agents and statins partly support the idea of using antioxidants in vascular diseases as still relevant. This review aims to provide an overview of the links between oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors, importantly focusing on blood pressure regulation and atherosclerosis. In view of the potential benefits of antioxidants, this review will also examine the proposed role of vitamin C, vitamin E and polyphenols in cardiovascular diseases as well as the success or failure of antioxidant therapy for cardiovascular diseases in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa N Siti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Y Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Kamsiah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Vatta MS, Bianciotti LG, Guil MJ, Hope SI. Regulation of the Norepinephrine Transporter by Endothelins. HORMONES AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2015; 98:371-405. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Teoh JP, Park KM, Wang Y, Hu Q, Kim S, Wu G, Huang S, Maihle N, Kim IM. Endothelin-1/endothelin A receptor-mediated biased signaling is a new player in modulating human ovarian cancer cell tumorigenesis. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2885-95. [PMID: 25194819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The endothelin-1 (ET-1)/endothelin A receptor (ETAR, a G protein-coupled receptor) axis confers pleiotropic effects on both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, modulating chemo-resistance and other tumor-associated processes by activating Gαq- and β-arrestin-mediated pathways. While the precise mechanisms by which these effects occur remain to be elucidated, interference with ETAR signaling has emerged as a promising antitumor strategy in many cancers including ovarian cancer (OC). However, current clinical approaches using ETAR antagonists in the absence of a detailed knowledge of downstream signaling have resulted in multiple adverse side effects and limited therapeutic efficacy. To maximize the safety and efficacy of ETAR-targeted OC therapy, we investigated the role of other G protein subunits such as Gαs in the ETAR-mediated ovarian oncogenic signaling. In HEY (human metastatic OC) cells where the ET-1/ETAR axis is well-characterized, Gαs signaling inhibits ETAR-mediated OC cell migration, wound healing, proliferation and colony formation on soft agar while inducing OC cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, ET-1/ETAR is coupled to Gαs/cAMP signaling in the same ovarian carcinoma-derived cell line. Gαs/cAMP/PKA activation inhibits ETAR-mediated β-arrestin activation of angiogenic/metastatic Calcrl and Icam2 expression. Consistent with our findings, Gαs overexpression is associated with improved survival in OC patients in the analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas data. In conclusion, our results indicate a novel function for Gαs signaling in ET-1/ETAR-mediated OC oncogenesis and may provide a rationale for a biased signaling mechanism, which selectively activates Gαs-coupled tumor suppressive pathways while blocking Gαq-/β-arrestin-mediated oncogenic pathways, to improve the targeting of the ETAR axis in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-peng Teoh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kyoung-mi Park
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Qiuping Hu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sangmi Kim
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shuang Huang
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Nita Maihle
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Il-man Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Pérez-Girón JV, Palacios R, Martín A, Hernanz R, Aguado A, Martínez-Revelles S, Barrús MT, Salaices M, Alonso MJ. Pioglitazone reduces angiotensin II-induced COX-2 expression through inhibition of ROS production and ET-1 transcription in vascular cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1582-93. [PMID: 24727493 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00924.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glitazones have anti-inflammatory properties by interfering with the transcription of proinflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and with ROS production, which are increased in hypertension. This study analyzed whether pioglitazone modulates COX-2 expression in hypertension by interfering with ROS and endothelin (ET)-1. In vivo, pioglitazone (2.5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1), 28 days) reduced the greater levels of COX-2, pre-pro-ET-1, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression and activity as well as O2 (·-) production found in aortas from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). ANG II increased COX-2 and pre-pro-ET-1 levels more in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats compared with normotensive rats. The ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 reduced ANG II-induced COX-2 expression in SHR cells. ANG II also increased NOX-1 expression, NOX activity, and superoxide production in SHR cells; the selective NOX-1 inhibitor ML-171 and catalase reduced ANG II-induced COX-2 and ET-1 transcription. ANG II also increased c-Jun transcription and phospho-JNK1/2, phospho-c-Jun, and p65 NF-κB subunit nuclear protein expression. SP-600125 and lactacystin, JNK and NF-κB inhibitors, respectively, reduced ANG II-induced ET-1, COX-2, and NOX-1 levels and NOX activity. Pioglitazone reduced the effects of ANG II on NOX activity, NOX-1, pre-pro-ET-1, COX-2, and c-Jun mRNA levels, JNK activation, and nuclear phospho-c-Jun and p65 expression. In conclusion, ROS production and ET-1 are involved in ANG II-induced COX-2 expression in SHRs, explaining the greater COX-2 expression observed in this strain. Furthermore, pioglitazone inhibits ANG II-induced COX-2 expression likely by interfering with NF-κB and activator protein-1 proinflammatory pathways and downregulating ROS production and ET-1 transcription, thus contributing to the anti-inflammatory properties of glitazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Pérez-Girón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
| | - Roberto Palacios
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
| | - Angela Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
| | - Andrea Aguado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez-Revelles
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María T Barrús
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Alonso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
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23
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Lin CC, Hsieh HL, Chi PL, Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Upregulation of COX-2/PGE2 by ET-1 mediated through Ca2+-dependent signals in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:1256-69. [PMID: 24287977 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a proinflammatory mediator, is elevated in the regions of several brain inflammatory disorders, implying that ET-1 may contribute to inflammatory responses. The deleterious effects of ET-1 on brain endothelial cells may aggravate brain inflammation mediated through the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) system. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying ET-1-induced COX-2 expression in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells) remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases on ET-1-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 release in bEnd.3 cells. The data obtained with Western blotting, reverse transcription PCR, and intracellular Ca2+ analyses showed that ET-1-induced COX-2 expression was mediated through phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) and phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C (PC-PLC)/Ca2+-dependent activation of protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) cascades. Next, we demonstrated that ET-1 stimulated intracellular Ca2+ increase, phoshorylation of PKC-α, CaMKII, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK1/2) and then activated the activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2)/activator protein 1 (AP-1) via Gq/i protein-coupled ETB receptors. Moreover, the data of chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter reporter assay demonstrated that the activated ATF2/AP-1 and p300 bound to its corresponding binding sites within COX-2 promoter, thereby turning on COX-2 gene transcription. Finally, upregulation of COX-2 by ET-1 promoted PGE2 biosynthesis and release in these cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that in bEnd.3 cells, Ca2+-dependent PKC-α and CaMKII linking to MAPKs, ATF2/AP-1, and p300 cascade is essential for ET-1-induced COX-2 upregulation. Understanding the mechanisms of COX-2/PGE2 system upregulated by ET-1 on brain microvascular endothelial cells may provide rational therapeutic interventions for brain injury and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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24
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Hua KT, Lee WJ, Yang SF, Chen CK, Hsiao M, Ku CC, Wei LH, Kuo ML, Chien MH. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C modulates proliferation and chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemic cells through an endothelin-1-dependent induction of cyclooxygenase-2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:387-97. [PMID: 24184161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
High-level expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C is associated with chemoresistance and adverse prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our previous study has found that VEGF-C induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in AML cell lines and significant correlation of VEGF-C and COX-2 in bone marrow specimens. COX-2 has been reported to mediate the proliferation and drug resistance in several solid tumors. Herein, we demonstrated that the VEGF-C-induced proliferation of AML cells is effectively abolished by the depletion or inhibition of COX-2. The expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) rapidly increased following treatment with VEGF-C. We found that ET-1 was also involved in the VEGF-C-mediated proliferation of AML cells, and that recombinant ET-1 induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expressions in AML cells. Treatment with the endothelin receptor A (ETRA) antagonist, BQ 123, or ET-1 shRNAs inhibited VEGF-C-induced COX-2 expression. Flow cytometry and immunoblotting revealed that VEGF-C induces S phase accumulation through the inhibition of p27 and the upregulation of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase-2 expressions. The cell-cycle-related effects of VEGF-C were reversed by the depletion of COX-2 or ET-1. The depletion of COX-2 or ET-1 also suppressed VEGF-C-induced increases in the bcl-2/bax ratio and chemoresistance against etoposide and cytosine arabinoside in AML cells. We also demonstrated VEGF-C/ET-1/COX-2 axis-mediated chemoresistance in an AML xenograft mouse model. Our findings suggest that VEGF-C induces COX-2-mediated resistance to chemotherapy through the induction of ET-1 expression. Acting as a key regulator in the VEGF-C/COX-2 axis, ET-1 represents a potential target for ameliorating resistance to chemotherapy in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Ku
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Hung Wei
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Liang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Ye F, Yuan F, Li X, Cooper N, Tinney JP, Keller BB. Gene expression profiles in engineered cardiac tissues respond to mechanical loading and inhibition of tyrosine kinases. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00078. [PMID: 24303162 PMCID: PMC3841024 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) are platforms to investigate cardiomyocyte maturation and functional integration, the feasibility of generating tissues for cardiac repair, and as models for pharmacology and toxicology bioassays. ECTs rapidly mature in vitro to acquire the features of functional cardiac muscle and respond to mechanical load with increased proliferation and maturation. ECTs are now being investigated as platforms for in vitro models for human diseases and for pharmacologic screening for drug toxicities. We tested the hypothesis that global ECT gene expression patterns are complex and sensitive to mechanical loading and tyrosine kinase inhibitors similar to the maturing myocardium. We generated ECTs from day 14.5 rat embryo ventricular cells, as previously published, and then conditioned constructs after 5 days in culture for 48 h with mechanical stretch (5%, 0.5 Hz) and/or the p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor BIRB796. RNA was isolated from individual ECTs and assayed using a standard Agilent rat 4 × 44k V3 microarray and Pathway Analysis software for transcript expression fold changes and changes in regulatory molecules and networks. Changes in expression were confirmed by quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) for selected regulatory molecules. At the threshold of a 1.5-fold change in expression, stretch altered 1559 transcripts, versus 1411 for BIRB796, and 1846 for stretch plus BIRB796. As anticipated, top pathways altered in response to these stimuli include cellular development, cellular growth and proliferation; tissue development; cell death, cell signaling, and small molecule biochemistry as well as numerous other pathways. Thus, ECTs display a broad spectrum of altered gene expression in response to mechanical load and/or tyrosine kinase inhibition, reflecting a complex regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and architectural alignment of cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes within ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky ; Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College Guiyang, China
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Lambers C, Roth M, Zhong J, Campregher C, Binder P, Burian B, Petkov V, Block LH. The interaction of endothelin-1 and TGF-β1 mediates vascular cell remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73399. [PMID: 24015303 PMCID: PMC3756002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by increased thickness of pulmonary vessel walls due to both increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) and deposition of extracellular matrix. In patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension, endothelin-1 (ET-1) synthesis is up-regulated and may increase PASMC activity and vessel wall remodeling through transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor. OBJECTIVE To assess the signaling pathway leading to ET-1 induced proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition by human PASMC. METHODS PASMC were serum starved for 24 hours before stimulation with either ET-1 and/or TGF-β1. ET-1 was inhibited by Bosentan, ERK1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) was inhibited by U0126 and p38 MAPK was inhibited by SB203580. RESULTS ET-1 increased PASMC proliferation when combined with serum. This effect involved the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1/2 MAPK and was abrogated by Bosentan which caused a G1- arrest through activation of p27((Kip)). Regarding the contribution of extracellular matrix deposition in vessel wall remodeling, TGF-β1 increased the deposition of collagen type-I and fibronectin, which was further increased when ET-1 was added mainly through ERK1/2 MAPK. In contrast, collagen type-IV was not affected by ET-1. Bosentan dose-dependently reduced the stimulatory effect of ET-1 on collagen type-I and fibronectin, but had no effect on TGF-β1. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE ET-1 alone does not induce PASMC proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. However, ET-1 significantly up-regulates serum induced proliferation and TGF-β1 induced extracellular matrix deposition, specifically of collagen type-I and fibronectin. The synergistic effects of ET-1 on serum and TGF-β1 involve ERK1/2 MAPK and may thus present a novel mode of action in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lambers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research/Pneumologie, Department Biomedicine/Internal Medicine, University Basel/University Hospital, Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jun Zhong
- Pulmonary Cell Research/Pneumologie, Department Biomedicine/Internal Medicine, University Basel/University Hospital, Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Campregher
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Binder
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Burian
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ventzislav Petkov
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lutz-Henning Block
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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27
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Suram S, Silveira LJ, Mahaffey S, Brown GD, Bonventre JV, Williams DL, Gow NAR, Bratton DL, Murphy RC, Leslie CC. Cytosolic phospholipase A(2)α and eicosanoids regulate expression of genes in macrophages involved in host defense and inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69002. [PMID: 23950842 PMCID: PMC3742295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α)
activation in regulating macrophage transcriptional responses to
Candida
albicans infection was investigated.
cPLA2α releases arachidonic acid for the production of
eicosanoids. In mouse resident peritoneal macrophages, prostacyclin,
prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C4 were produced within
minutes of C.
albicans addition before cyclooxygenase 2
expression. The production of TNFα was lower in C.
albicans-stimulated cPLA2α+/+
than cPLA2α-/- macrophages due to an autocrine effect of
prostaglandins that increased cAMP to a greater extent in
cPLA2α+/+ than cPLA2α-/-
macrophages. For global insight, differential gene expression in
C.
albicans-stimulated
cPLA2α+/+ and cPLA2α-/-
macrophages (3 h) was compared by microarray. cPLA2α+/+
macrophages expressed 86 genes at lower levels and 181 genes at higher levels
than cPLA2α-/- macrophages (≥2-fold, p<0.05). Several
pro-inflammatory genes were expressed at lower levels (Tnfα,
Cx3cl1, Cd40, Ccl5,
Csf1, Edn1, CxCr7, Irf1,
Irf4, Akna, Ifnγ, several IFNγ-inducible
GTPases). Genes that dampen inflammation (Socs3,
Il10, Crem, Stat3,
Thbd, Thbs1, Abca1) and
genes involved in host defense (Gja1, Csf3,
Trem1, Hdc) were expressed at higher
levels in cPLA2α+/+ macrophages. Representative genes
expressed lower in cPLA2α+/+ macrophages (Tnfα,
Csf1) were increased by treatment with a prostacyclin receptor
antagonist and protein kinase A inhibitor, whereas genes expressed at higher
levels (Crem, Nr4a2, Il10,
Csf3) were suppressed. The results suggest that
C.
albicans stimulates an autocrine loop in
macrophages involving cPLA2α, cyclooxygenase 1-derived prostaglandins
and increased cAMP that globally effects expression of genes involved in host
defense and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Suram
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado,
United States of America
| | - Lori J. Silveira
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health,
Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Spencer Mahaffey
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado,
United States of America
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United
Kingdom
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,
United States of America
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson
City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Neil A. R. Gow
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United
Kingdom
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado,
United States of America
| | - Robert C. Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora,
Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christina C. Leslie
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado,
United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora,
Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado,
United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Xia Y, Fu Z, Hu J, Huang C, Paudel O, Cai S, Liedtke W, Sham JSK. TRPV4 channel contributes to serotonin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and the enhanced vascular reactivity in chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C704-15. [PMID: 23739180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00099.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a mechanosensitive channel in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Its upregulation by chronic hypoxia is associated with enhanced myogenic tone, and genetic deletion of trpv4 suppresses the development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (CHPH). Here we further examine the roles of TRPV4 in agonist-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and in the enhanced vasoreactivity in CHPH. Initial evaluation of TRPV4-selective antagonists HC-067047 and RN-1734 in KCl-contracted pulmonary arteries (PAs) of trpv4(-/-) mice found that submicromolar HC-067047 was devoid of off-target effect on pulmonary vasoconstriction. Inhibition of TRPV4 with 0.5 μM HC-067047 significantly reduced the sensitivity of serotonin (5-HT)-induced contraction in wild-type (WT) PAs but had no effect on endothelin-1 or phenylephrine-activated response. Similar shift in the concentration-response curve of 5-HT was observed in trpv4(-/-) PAs, confirming specific TRPV4 contribution to 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction. 5-HT-induced Ca(2+) response was attenuated by HC-067047 in WT PASMCs but not in trpv4(-/-) PASMCs, suggesting TRPV4 is a major Ca(2+) pathway for 5-HT-induced Ca(2+) mobilization. Nifedipine also attenuated 5-HT-induced Ca(2+) response in WT PASMCs but did not cause further reduction in the presence of HC-067047, suggesting interdependence of TRPV4 and voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in the 5-HT response. Chronic exposure (3-4 wk) of WT mice to 10% O2 caused significant increase in 5-HT-induced maximal contraction, which was partially reversed by HC-067047. In concordance, the enhancement of 5-HT-induced contraction was significantly reduced in PAs of CH trpv4(-/-) mice and HC-067047 had no further effect on the 5-HT induced response. These results suggest unequivocally that TRPV4 contributes to 5-HT-dependent pharmaco-mechanical coupling and plays a major role in the enhanced pulmonary vasoreactivity to 5-HT in CHPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Tabuchi Y, Furusawa Y, Kariya A, Wada S, Ohtsuka K, Kondo T. Common gene expression patterns responsive to mild temperature hyperthermia in normal human fibroblastic cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:38-50. [PMID: 23311377 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.753163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Heat stress induces complex cellular responses, and its detailed molecular mechanisms still remain to be clarified. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular responses to mild hyperthermia (MHT) in normal human fibroblastic (NHF) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were treated with MHT (41°C, 30 min) and then cultured at 37°C. Gene expression was determined by the GeneChip® system and bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Treatment of the NHF cell lines, Hs68 and OUMS-36, with MHT did not affect the cell viability or cell cycle. In contrast, many probe sets were differentially expressed by >1.5-fold in both cell lines after MHT treatment. Of the 1,196 commonly and differentially expressed probe sets analysed by k-means clustering, three gene clusters, Up-I, Down-I and Down-II, were observed. Interestingly, two gene networks were obtained from the up-regulated genes in cluster Up-I. The gene network E contained DDIT3 and HSPA5 and was mainly associated with the biological process of endoplasmic reticulum stress, while the network S contained HBEGF and LIF and was associated with the biological process of cell survival. Eighteen genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, consistent with the microarray data, in four kinds of NHF cells. CONCLUSIONS Common genes that were differentially expressed and/or acted within a gene network in response to MHT in NHF cells were identified. These findings provide the molecular basis for a further understanding of the mechanisms of the MHT response in NHF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Centre, University of Toyama, Japan.
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Li M, Liu Y, Jin F, Sun X, Li Z, Liu Y, Fang P, Shi H, Jiang X. Endothelin-1 induces hypoxia inducible factor 1α expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3888-93. [PMID: 23041290 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) dose-dependently increased HIF1α expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Inhibition of protein synthesis did not affect ET-1-induced HIF1α expression. The maximum effect of ET-1 was similar to that caused by proteasome inhibitor MG132. Further study indicates that ET-1 also dose-dependently stimulated calcineurin activation, specific calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA), abolished ET-1-induced HIF1α elevation, and reversed ET-1-induced RACK1 (receptor of activated protein kinase C 1) de-phosphorylation. Endothelin receptor A was found to specifically mediate the effects of ET-1. To examine whether RACK1 is particularly involved in proteasome-dependent HIF1α degradation, RACK1 was silenced by siRNA transfection. Cells lacking RACK1 exhibited significant elevation of HIF1α protein level. Taken together, our study suggests that ET-1 suppressed proteasome-dependent HIF1α degradation by calcineurin-dependent RACK1 de-phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxiang Li
- Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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31
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Deacon K, Onion D, Kumari R, Watson SA, Knox AJ. Elevated SP-1 transcription factor expression and activity drives basal and hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in non-small cell lung cancer. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39967-81. [PMID: 22992725 PMCID: PMC3501049 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.397042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
VEGF plays a central role in angiogenesis in cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors have increased microvascular density, localized hypoxia, and high VEGF expression levels; however, there is a lack of understanding of how oncogenic and tumor microenvironment changes such as hypoxia lead to greater VEGF expression in lung and other cancers. We show that NSCLC cells secreted higher levels of VEGF than normal airway epithelial cells. Actinomycin D inhibited all NSCLC VEGF secretion, and VEGF minimal promoter-luciferase reporter constructs were constitutively active until the last 85 base pairs before the transcription start site containing three SP-1 transcription factor-binding sites; mutation of these VEGF promoter SP-1-binding sites eliminated VEGF promoter activity. Furthermore, dominant negative SP-1, mithramycin A, and SP-1 shRNA decreased VEGF promoter activity, whereas overexpression of SP-1 increased VEGF promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated SP-1, p300, and PCA/F histone acetyltransferase binding and histone H4 hyperacetylation at the VEGF promoter in NSCLC cells. Cultured NSCLC cells expressed higher levels of SP-1 protein than normal airway epithelial cells, and double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed a strong correlation between SP-1 and VEGF in human NSCLC tumors. In addition, hypoxia-driven VEGF expression in NSCLC cells was SP-1-dependent, with hypoxia increasing SP-1 activity and binding to the VEGF promoter. These studies are the first to demonstrate that overexpression of SP-1 plays a central role in hypoxia-induced VEGF secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Deacon
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
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Villarreal-Calderon R, Dale G, Delgado-Chávez R, Torres-Jardón R, Zhu H, Herritt L, Gónzalez-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Yuan Y, Wang J, Solorio-López E, Medina-Cortina H, Calderón-Garcidueñas L. Intra-city Differences in Cardiac Expression of Inflammatory Genes and Inflammasomes in Young Urbanites: A Pilot Study. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:163-73. [PMID: 22907983 PMCID: PMC3392908 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Southwest Mexico City (SWMC) air pollution is characterized by high concentrations of ozone and particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10) containing lipopolysaccharides while in the North PM2.5 is high. These intra-city differences are likely accounting for higher CD14 and IL-1β in SWMC v NMC mice myocardial expression. This pilot study was designed to investigate whether similar intra-city differences exist in the levels of myocardial inflammatory genes in young people. Inflammatory mediator genes and inflammasome arrays were measured in right and left autopsy ventricles of 6 southwest/15 north (18.5 ± 2.6 years) MC residents after fatal sudden accidental deaths. There was a significant S v N right ventricle up-regulation of IL-1β (p=0.008), TNF-α (p=0.001), IL-10 (p=0.001), and CD14 (p=0.002), and a left ventricle difference in TNF-α (p=0.007), and IL-10 (p=0.02). SW right ventricles had significant up-regulation of NLRC1, NLRP3 and of 29/84 inflammasome genes, including NOD factors and caspases. There was significant degranulation of mast cells both in myocardium and epicardial nerve fibers. Differential expression of key inflammatory myocardial genes and inflammasomes are influenced by the location of residence. Myocardial inflammation and inflammasome activation in young hearts is a plausible pathway of heart injury in urbanites and adverse effects on the cardiovascular system are expected.
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Tanfin Z, Breuiller-Fouché M. The endothelin axis in uterine leiomyomas: new insights. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:5, 1-10. [PMID: 22553222 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.097725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelin axis, comprising endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptors (ETA and ETB), is involved in the pathophysiology of different human tumors. Here we review conventional approaches and gene expression profiling indicating the association of ET-1 and its cognate receptors with human and rat leiomyomas, the most common benign tumors of myometrium. Specifically, ET-1/ETA interactions affect human and rat leiomyoma cell proliferation through protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways. Recent experiments demonstrate that the ET-1 axis exerts a potent antiapoptotic effect involving sphingolipid metabolism and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2/prostaglandin system in the rat Eker leiomyoma tumor-derived ELT3 cell line. Evidence supports that steroid hormones, growth factors, and extracellular matrix are key regulators of the leiomyoma growth. Interestingly, the ET-1 axis is under steroid hormones and can cooperate with these growth factors. Therefore, ET-1 alone or in association with these factors could contribute to the complex regulation of uterine tumor growth, such as proliferation, survival, and extracellular matrix production. This review summarizes current knowledge and emerging data on ET-1 in uterine leiomyoma pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tanfin
- Université Paris-Sud-11, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Signalisation Moléculaire et Cellulaire utérine, Orsay, France
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Choi KS, Kim EH, Hong H, Ock CY, Lee JS, Kim JH, Hahm KB. Attenuation of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer with Cochinchina momordica seed extract through inhibiting cytoplasmic phospholipase A2/5-lipoxygenase and activating γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27 Suppl 3:13-22. [PMID: 22486866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cysteamine is a reducing aminothiol used for inducing duodenal ulcer through mechanisms of oxidative stress related to thiol-derived H(2)O(2) reaction. Cochinchina momordica saponins have been suggested to be protective against various gastric diseases based on their cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This study was aimed to document the preventive effects of Cochinchina momordica seed extract against cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer as well as the elucidation of its pharmacological mechanisms. METHODS Cochinchina momordica seed extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) was administrated intragastrically before cysteamine administration, after which the incidence of the duodenal ulcer, ulcer size, serum gastrin level, and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG) as well as biochemical and molecular measurements of cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase and the expression of proinflammatory genes including IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 were measured in rat model. Additional experiments of electron spin resonance measurement and the changes of glutathione were performed. RESULTS Cochinchina momordica seed extract effectively prevented cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in a dose-dependent manner as reflected with significant decreases in either duodenal ulcerogenesis or perforation accompanied with significantly decreased in serum gastrin in addition to inflammatory mediators including cPLA(2), COX-2, and 5-lipoxygenase. Cochinchina momordica seed extract induced the expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS)-related glutathione synthesis as well as significantly reduced the expression of cPLA(2). Cochinchina momordica seed extract preserved reduced glutathione through increased expressions of γ-GCS. CONCLUSION Cochinchina momordica seed extracts exerted significantly protective effect against cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer by either cPLA2 inhibition or glutathione preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Seok Choi
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Gachon University Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon, Korea
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Tait S, La Rocca C, Mantovani A. Exposure of human fetal penile cells to different PCB mixtures: transcriptome analysis points to diverse modes of interference on external genitalia programming. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 32:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sharif NA, Crider JY. Intracellular signaling in human iridial fibroblasts and iridial melanocytes in response to prostaglandins, endothelin, isoproterenol, and other pharmacological agents. Curr Eye Res 2011; 36:310-20. [PMID: 21405953 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2010.542869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The receptor-coupled signal transduction systems present in isolated human iridial fibroblasts (HIF) and in human iridial melanocytes (HIM) were investigated. Cell responsiveness to numerous prostaglandins (PGs), and other compounds of interest, was profiled in order to better understand their involvement in the iridial hyper-pigmentation process observed during treatment of elevated intraocular pressure with FP-receptor against PG analogs. METHODS [(3)H]-inositol phosphates ([(3)H]-IPs) generated in the cells were measured by ion-exchange chromatography followed by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. cAMP generated in the cells was quantified using an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS HIF cells exhibited a robust phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis response to FP-class PG analogs, such as cloprostenol (potency, EC(50) = 2.4 ± 0.5 nM, n = 5), fluprostenol (EC(50) = 5.3 ± 0.6 nM, n = 3), PGF(2α) (EC(50) = 54 ± 18 nM, n = 5), and latanoprost acid (EC(50) = 121 ± 17 nM, n = 4). Other PGs exhibited the following potencies (EC(50)) for stimulating [(3)H]-IPs accumulation in HIF cells: PGD(2) EC(50) = 327 ± 195 nM, n =3; PGE(2) EC(50) = 550 ± 50 nM, n = 3; and two TP-receptor agonists (I-BOP, EC(50) = 23 ± 8 nM, n = 3; U-46619 EC(50) = 1.1 ± 0.4 µM, n = 3). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and histamine increased [(3)H]-IPs production in HIF and HIM cells. HIM cells exhibited minimal PI turnover response to cloprostenol, latanoprost acid, latanoprost, PGF(2α), PGE(2), and histamine, but there were robust responses to ET-1 (EC(50) = 4.6 nM, n = 2) and an ET(B)-receptor agonist (BQ-3020, EC(50) = 5 nM, n = 2) that were blocked by an ET(B)-antagonist (BQ-788, IC(50) = 21 ± 6 nM, n = 3). In the adenylyl cyclase activation assay, numerous PGs (1 and 10 µM) stimulated cAMP production in HIF cells yielding the following rank order of efficacy: PGI(2) > PGE(2) > misoprostil > isoproterenol = BW245C > PGD(2) = PGF(2α) = fluprostenol. In HIM cells, PGE(2) (EC(50) = 1.3 ± 0.3 nM) and isoproterenol (β-agonist; EC(50) = 89 ± 13 nM) potently and efficaciously stimulated cAMP production and ICI-118851 (β(2)-antagonist) attenuated the effects of isoproterenol. However, latanoprost acid, latanoprost, ET-1, and BW245C (DP-receptor agonist) were relatively less efficacious than isoproterenol and PGE(2) in HIM cells at stimulating cAMP production. CONCLUSIONS These studies have shown that while HIF cells express FP prostaglandin and histamine receptors coupled to phospholipase C to produce [(3)H]-IPs, the HIM cells lack such functionally active FP-receptors. In contrast, HIF and HIM cells express functional ET-1 receptors coupled to [(3)H]-IPs production and both cell-types respond to PGE(2), BW245C, and isoproterenol by generating cAMP. It is concluded that human iridial fibroblasts and melanocytes respond differently to PGs and histamine, but in the same manner to ET-1, isoproterenol and BW245C. This may have relevance to the intercellular communication within the iris relative to the melanogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najam A Sharif
- Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas 76134, USA.
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Busser B, Sancey L, Brambilla E, Coll JL, Hurbin A. The multiple roles of amphiregulin in human cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1816:119-31. [PMID: 21658434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiregulin (AREG) is one of the ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). AREG plays a central role in mammary gland development and branching morphogenesis in organs and is expressed both in physiological and in cancerous tissues. Various studies have highlighted the functional role of AREG in several aspects of tumorigenesis, including self-sufficiency in generating growth signals, limitless replicative potential, tissue invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis. The oncogenic activity of AREG has already been described in the most common human epithelial malignancies, such as lung, breast, colorectal, ovary and prostate carcinomas, as well as in some hematological and mesenchymal cancers. Furthermore, AREG is also involved in resistance to several cancer treatments. In this review, we describe the various roles of AREG in oncogenesis and discuss its translational potential, such as the development of anti-AREG treatments, based on AREG activity. In the last decade, independent groups have reported successful but sometimes contradictory results in relation to the potential of AREG to serve as a prognostic and/or predictive marker for oncology, especially with regard to anti-EGFR therapies. Thus, we also discuss the potential usefulness of using AREG as a therapeutic target and validated biomarker for predicting cancer outcomes or treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Busser
- INSERM, U823, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
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