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Han X, Hu Z, Surya W, Ma Q, Zhou F, Nordenskiöld L, Torres J, Lu L, Miao Y. The intrinsically disordered region of coronins fine-tunes oligomerization and actin polymerization. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112594. [PMID: 37269287 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronins play critical roles in actin network formation. The diverse functions of coronins are regulated by the structured N-terminal β propeller and the C-terminal coiled coil (CC). However, less is known about a middle "unique region" (UR), which is an intrinsically disordered region (IDR). The UR/IDR is an evolutionarily conserved signature in the coronin family. By integrating biochemical and cell biology experiments, coarse-grained simulations, and protein engineering, we find that the IDR optimizes the biochemical activities of coronins in vivo and in vitro. The budding yeast coronin IDR plays essential roles in regulating Crn1 activity by fine-tuning CC oligomerization and maintaining Crn1 as a tetramer. The IDR-guided optimization of Crn1 oligomerization is critical for F-actin cross-linking and regulation of Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization. The final oligomerization status and homogeneity of Crn1 are contributed by three examined factors: helix packing, the energy landscape of the CC, and the length and molecular grammar of the IDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Zixin Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Wahyu Surya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Qianqian Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Lars Nordenskiöld
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jaume Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Lanyuan Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
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2
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King ZT, Butler MT, Hockenberry MA, Subramanian BC, Siesser PF, Graham DM, Legant WR, Bear JE. Coro1B and Coro1C regulate lamellipodia dynamics and cell motility by tuning branched actin turnover. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202111126. [PMID: 35657370 PMCID: PMC9170525 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin filament dynamics must be precisely controlled in cells to execute behaviors such as vesicular trafficking, cytokinesis, and migration. Coronins are conserved actin-binding proteins that regulate several actin-dependent subcellular processes. Here, we describe a new conditional knockout cell line for two ubiquitous coronins, Coro1B and Coro1C. These coronins, which strongly co-localize with Arp2/3-branched actin, require Arp2/3 activity for proper subcellular localization. Coronin null cells have altered lamellipodial protrusion dynamics due to increased branched actin density and reduced actin turnover within lamellipodia, leading to defective haptotaxis. Surprisingly, excessive cofilin accumulates in coronin null lamellipodia, a result that is inconsistent with the current models of coronin-cofilin functional interaction. However, consistent with coronins playing a pro-cofilin role, coronin null cells have increased F-actin levels. Lastly, we demonstrate that the loss of coronins increases accompanied by an increase in cellular contractility. Together, our observations reveal that coronins are critical for proper turnover of branched actin networks and that decreased actin turnover leads to increased cellular contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayna T. King
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mitchell T. Butler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Max A. Hockenberry
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bhagawat C. Subramanian
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Priscila F. Siesser
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David M. Graham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Wesley R. Legant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James E. Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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3
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Gautreau AM, Fregoso FE, Simanov G, Dominguez R. Nucleation, stabilization, and disassembly of branched actin networks. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:421-432. [PMID: 34836783 PMCID: PMC9018471 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arp2/3 complex is an actin filament nucleation and branching machinery conserved in all eukaryotes from yeast to human. Arp2/3 complex branched networks generate pushing forces that drive cellular processes ranging from membrane remodeling to cell and organelle motility. Several molecules regulate these processes by directly inhibiting or activating Arp2/3 complex and by stabilizing or disassembling branched networks. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of Arp2/3 complex regulation, including high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures that illuminate the mechanisms of Arp2/3 complex activation and branch formation, and novel cellular pathways of branch formation, stabilization, and debranching. We also identify major gaps in our understanding of Arp2/3 complex inhibition and branch stabilization and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Gautreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Fred E Fregoso
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gleb Simanov
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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4
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Fabrice TN, Fiedler T, Studer V, Vinet A, Brogna F, Schmidt A, Pieters J. Interactome and F-Actin Interaction Analysis of Dictyostelium discoideum Coronin A. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1469. [PMID: 32098122 PMCID: PMC7073074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronin proteins are evolutionary conserved WD repeat containing proteins that have been proposed to carry out different functions. In Dictyostelium, the short coronin isoform, coronin A, has been implicated in cytoskeletal reorganization, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and the initiation of multicellular development. Generally thought of as modulators of F-actin, coronin A and its mammalian homologs have also been shown to mediate cellular processes in an F-actin-independent manner. Therefore, it remains unclear whether or not coronin A carries out its functions through its capacity to interact with F-actin. Moreover, the interacting partners of coronin A are not known. Here, we analyzed the interactome of coronin A as well as its interaction with F-actin within cells and in vitro. Interactome analysis showed the association with a diverse set of interaction partners, including fimbrin, talin and myosin subunits, with only a transient interaction with the minor actin10 isoform, but not the major form of actin, actin8, which was consistent with the absence of a coronin A-actin interaction as analyzed by co-sedimentation from cells and lysates. In vitro, however, purified coronin A co-precipitated with rabbit muscle F-actin in a coiled-coil-dependent manner. Our results suggest that an in vitro interaction of coronin A and rabbit muscle actin may not reflect the cellular interaction state of coronin A with actin, and that coronin A interacts with diverse proteins in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean Pieters
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (T.N.F.); (T.F.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (F.B.); (A.S.)
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5
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Martorella M, Barford K, Winkler B, Deppmann CD. Emergent Role of Coronin-1a in Neuronal Signaling. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:113-131. [PMID: 28215292 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Coronin family of proteins were first noted for their role in pathogen-host interactions and for modulating actin dynamics. Recently, however, Coronins have been found in a greater variety of cell types, and novel roles for the Coronins within the nervous system have been discovered. In the immune system, Coronin-1a enables Mycobacterium tuberculosis to evade lysosomal destruction. This activity appears to be analogous to protection of the NGF-TrkA signaling endosome during sympathetic nervous system development that is required for survival signaling. Similarly, others have implicated Coronin-1a in GPCR signaling during the formation of excitatory connections in the central nervous system. Its role in multiple signaling pathways suggests that it may influence cross talk between key pathways (TrkA, GPCRs) during neurodevelopment. Here, we review the role of Coronin-1a in neural development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martorella
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - K Barford
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - B Winkler
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - C D Deppmann
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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6
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Bane KS, Lepper S, Kehrer J, Sattler JM, Singer M, Reinig M, Klug D, Heiss K, Baum J, Mueller AK, Frischknecht F. The Actin Filament-Binding Protein Coronin Regulates Motility in Plasmodium Sporozoites. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005710. [PMID: 27409081 PMCID: PMC4943629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites causing malaria need to migrate in order to penetrate tissue barriers and enter host cells. Here we show that the actin filament-binding protein coronin regulates gliding motility in Plasmodium berghei sporozoites, the highly motile forms of a rodent malaria-causing parasite transmitted by mosquitoes. Parasites lacking coronin show motility defects that impair colonization of the mosquito salivary glands but not migration in the skin, yet result in decreased transmission efficiency. In non-motile sporozoites low calcium concentrations mediate actin-independent coronin localization to the periphery. Engagement of extracellular ligands triggers an intracellular calcium release followed by the actin-dependent relocalization of coronin to the rear and initiation of motility. Mutational analysis and imaging suggest that coronin organizes actin filaments for productive motility. Using coronin-mCherry as a marker for the presence of actin filaments we found that protein kinase A contributes to actin filament disassembly. We finally speculate that calcium and cAMP-mediated signaling regulate a switch from rapid parasite motility to host cell invasion by differentially influencing actin dynamics. Parasites causing malaria are transmitted by mosquitoes and need to migrate to cross tissue barriers. The form of the parasite transmitted by the mosquito, the so-called sporozoite, needs motility to enter the salivary glands, to migrate within the skin and to enter into blood capillaries and eventually hepatocytes, where the parasites differentiate into thousands of merozoites that invade red blood cells. Sporozoite motility is based on an actin-myosin motor, as is the case in many other eukaryotic cells. However, most eukaryotic cells move much slower than sporozoites. How these parasites reach their high speed is not clear but current evidence suggests that actin filaments need to be organized by either actin-binding proteins or membrane proteins that link the filaments to an extracellular substrate. The present study explores the role of the actin filament-binding protein coronin in the motility of sporozoites of the rodent model parasite Plasmodium berghei. We found that the deletion of P. berghei coronin leads to defects in parasite motility and thus lower infection of mosquito salivary glands, which translates into less efficient transmission of the parasites. Our experiments suggest that coronin organizes actin filaments to achieve rapid and directional motility. We also identify two signaling pathways that converge to regulate actin filament dynamics and suggest that they play a role in switching the parasite from its motility mode to a cell invasion mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik S. Bane
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Lepper
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Kehrer
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia M. Sattler
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Singer
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Reinig
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Klug
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Heiss
- Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
- Malva GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jake Baum
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann-Kristin Mueller
- Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Frischknecht
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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7
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Nayak AR, Karade SS, Srivastava VK, Rana AK, Gupta CM, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Pratap JV. Structure of Leishmania donovani coronin coiled coil domain reveals an antiparallel 4 helix bundle with inherent asymmetry. J Struct Biol 2016; 195:129-38. [PMID: 26940672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coiled coils are ubiquitous structural motifs that serve as a platform for protein-protein interactions and play a central role in myriad physiological processes. Though the formation of a coiled coil requires only the presence of suitably spaced hydrophobic residues, sequence specificities have also been associated with specific oligomeric states. RhXXhE is one such sequence motif, associated with parallel trimers, found in coronins and other proteins. Coronin, present in all eukaryotes, is an actin-associated protein involved in regulating actin turnover. Most eukaryotic coronins possess the RhXXhE trimerization motif. However, a unique feature of parasitic kinetoplastid coronin is that the positions of R and E are swapped within their coiled coil domain, but were still expected to form trimers. To understand the role of swapped motif in oligomeric specificity, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of Leishmania donovani coronin coiled coil domain (LdCoroCC) at 2.2Å, which surprisingly, reveals an anti-parallel tetramer assembly. Small angle X-ray scattering studies and chemical crosslinking confirm the tetramer in solution and is consistent with the oligomerization observed in the full length protein. Structural analyses reveal that LdCoroCC possesses an inherent asymmetry, in that one of the helices of the bundle is axially shifted with respect to the other three. The analysis also identifies steric reasons that cause this asymmetry. The bundle adapts an extended a-d-e core packing, the e residue being polar (with an exception) which results in a thermostable bundle with polar and apolar interfaces, unlike the existing a-d-e core antiparallel homotetramers with apolar core. Functional implications of the anti-parallel association in kinetoplastids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Ranjan Nayak
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sharanbasappa Shrimant Karade
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Rana
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - C M Gupta
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Amogh A Sahasrabuddhe
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - J Venkatesh Pratap
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.
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8
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Srivastava R, Prasadareddy Kajuluri L, Pathak N, Gupta CM, Sahasrabuddhe AA. Oligomerization of coronin: Implication on actin filament length inLeishmania. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 72:621-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Srivastava
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector-10; Lucknow India
- Department of Biosciences; Integral University; Lucknow India
| | - Lova Prasadareddy Kajuluri
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector-10; Lucknow India
| | - Neelam Pathak
- Department of Biosciences; Integral University; Lucknow India
| | - Chhitar M. Gupta
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology; Bangalore India
| | - Amogh A. Sahasrabuddhe
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector-10; Lucknow India
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Ydenberg CA, Johnston A, Weinstein J, Bellavance D, Jansen S, Goode BL. Combinatorial genetic analysis of a network of actin disassembly-promoting factors. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:349-61. [PMID: 26147656 PMCID: PMC5014199 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The patterning of actin cytoskeleton structures in vivo is a product of spatially and temporally regulated polymer assembly balanced by polymer disassembly. While in recent years our understanding of actin assembly mechanisms has grown immensely, our knowledge of actin disassembly machinery and mechanisms has remained comparatively sparse. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ideal system to tackle this problem, both because of its amenabilities to genetic manipulation and live‐cell imaging and because only a single gene encodes each of the core disassembly factors: cofilin (COF1), Srv2/CAP (SRV2), Aip1 (AIP1), GMF (GMF1/AIM7), coronin (CRN1), and twinfilin (TWF1). Among these six factors, only the functions of cofilin are essential and have been well defined. Here, we investigated the functions of the nonessential actin disassembly factors by performing genetic and live‐cell imaging analyses on a combinatorial set of isogenic single, double, triple, and quadruple mutants in S. cerevisiae. Our results show that each disassembly factor makes an important contribution to cell viability, actin organization, and endocytosis. Further, our data reveal new relationships among these factors, providing insights into how they work together to orchestrate actin turnover. Finally, we observe specific combinations of mutations that are lethal, e.g., srv2Δ aip1Δ and srv2Δ crn1Δ twf1Δ, demonstrating that while cofilin is essential, it is not sufficient in vivo, and that combinations of the other disassembly factors perform vital functions. © 2015 The Authors. Cytoskeleton Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A Ydenberg
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02454
| | - Adam Johnston
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02454
| | - Jaclyn Weinstein
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02454
| | - Danielle Bellavance
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02454
| | - Silvia Jansen
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02454
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02454
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Olshina MA, Angrisano F, Marapana DS, Riglar DT, Bane K, Wong W, Catimel B, Yin MX, Holmes AB, Frischknecht F, Kovar DR, Baum J. Plasmodium falciparum coronin organizes arrays of parallel actin filaments potentially guiding directional motility in invasive malaria parasites. Malar J 2015; 14:280. [PMID: 26187846 PMCID: PMC4506582 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliding motility in Plasmodium parasites, the aetiological agents of malaria disease, is mediated by
an actomyosin motor anchored in the outer pellicle of the motile cell. Effective motility is dependent on a parasite myosin motor and turnover of dynamic parasite actin filaments. To date, however, the basis for directional motility is not known. Whilst myosin is very likely orientated as a result of its anchorage within the parasite, how actin filaments are orientated to facilitate directional force generation remains unexplained. In addition, recent evidence has questioned the linkage between actin filaments and secreted surface antigens leaving the way by which motor force is transmitted to the extracellular milieu unknown. Malaria parasites possess a markedly reduced repertoire of actin regulators, among which few are predicted to interact with filamentous (F)-actin directly. One of these, PF3D7_1251200, shows strong homology to the coronin family of actin-filament binding proteins, herein referred to as PfCoronin. Methods Here the N terminal beta propeller domain of PfCoronin (PfCor-N) was expressed to assess its ability to bind and bundle pre-formed actin filaments by sedimentation assay, total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and confocal imaging as well as to explore its ability to bind phospholipids. In parallel a tagged PfCoronin line in Plasmodium falciparum was generated to determine the cellular localization of the protein during asexual parasite development and blood-stage merozoite invasion. Results A combination of biochemical approaches demonstrated that the N-terminal beta-propeller domain of PfCoronin is capable of binding F-actin and facilitating formation of parallel filament bundles. In parasites, PfCoronin is expressed late in the asexual lifecycle and localizes to the pellicle region of invasive merozoites before and during erythrocyte entry. PfCoronin also associates strongly with membranes within the cell, likely mediated by interactions with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) at the plasma membrane. Conclusions These data suggest PfCoronin may fulfil a key role as the critical determinant of actin filament organization in the Plasmodium cell. This raises the possibility that macro-molecular organization of actin mediates directional motility in gliding parasites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0801-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Olshina
- Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Fiona Angrisano
- Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Danushka S Marapana
- Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - David T Riglar
- Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave WAB 536, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Kartik Bane
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Wilson Wong
- Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Bruno Catimel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Meng-Xin Yin
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Andrew B Holmes
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Friedrich Frischknecht
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
| | - Jake Baum
- Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Level 6, South Kensington, London, SW72AZ, UK.
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Woo YH, Ansari H, Otto TD, Klinger CM, Kolisko M, Michálek J, Saxena A, Shanmugam D, Tayyrov A, Veluchamy A, Ali S, Bernal A, del Campo J, Cihlář J, Flegontov P, Gornik SG, Hajdušková E, Horák A, Janouškovec J, Katris NJ, Mast FD, Miranda-Saavedra D, Mourier T, Naeem R, Nair M, Panigrahi AK, Rawlings ND, Padron-Regalado E, Ramaprasad A, Samad N, Tomčala A, Wilkes J, Neafsey DE, Doerig C, Bowler C, Keeling PJ, Roos DS, Dacks JB, Templeton TJ, Waller RF, Lukeš J, Oborník M, Pain A. Chromerid genomes reveal the evolutionary path from photosynthetic algae to obligate intracellular parasites. eLife 2015; 4:e06974. [PMID: 26175406 PMCID: PMC4501334 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic phylum Apicomplexa encompasses thousands of obligate intracellular parasites of humans and animals with immense socio-economic and health impacts. We sequenced nuclear genomes of Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis, free-living non-parasitic photosynthetic algae closely related to apicomplexans. Proteins from key metabolic pathways and from the endomembrane trafficking systems associated with a free-living lifestyle have been progressively and non-randomly lost during adaptation to parasitism. The free-living ancestor contained a broad repertoire of genes many of which were repurposed for parasitic processes, such as extracellular proteins, components of a motility apparatus, and DNA- and RNA-binding protein families. Based on transcriptome analyses across 36 environmental conditions, Chromera orthologs of apicomplexan invasion-related motility genes were co-regulated with genes encoding the flagellar apparatus, supporting the functional contribution of flagella to the evolution of invasion machinery. This study provides insights into how obligate parasites with diverse life strategies arose from a once free-living phototrophic marine alga. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06974.001 Single-celled parasites cause many severe diseases in humans and animals. The apicomplexans form probably the most successful group of these parasites and include the parasites that cause malaria. Apicomplexans infect a broad range of hosts, including humans, reptiles, birds, and insects, and often have complicated life cycles. For example, the malaria-causing parasites spread by moving from humans to female mosquitoes and then back to humans. Despite significant differences amongst apicomplexans, these single-celled parasites also share a number of features that are not seen in other living species. How and when these features arose remains unclear. It is known from previous work that apicomplexans are closely related to single-celled algae. But unlike apicomplexans, which depend on a host animal to survive, these algae live freely in their environment, often in close association with corals. Woo et al. have now sequenced the genomes of two photosynthetic algae that are thought to be close living relatives of the apicomplexans. These genomes were then compared to each other and to the genomes of other algae and apicomplexans. These comparisons reconfirmed that the two algae that were studied were close relatives of the apicomplexans. Further analyses suggested that thousands of genes were lost as an ancient free-living algae evolved into the apicomplexan ancestor, and further losses occurred as these early parasites evolved into modern species. The lost genes were typically those that are important for free-living organisms, but are either a hindrance to, or not needed in, a parasitic lifestyle. Some of the ancestor's genes, especially those that coded for the building blocks of flagella (structures which free-living algae use to move around), were repurposed in ways that helped the apicomplexans to invade their hosts. Understanding this repurposing process in greater detail will help to identify key molecules in these deadly parasites that could be targeted by drug treatments. It will also offer answers to one of the most fascinating questions in evolutionary biology: how parasites have evolved from free-living organisms. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06974.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong H Woo
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hifzur Ansari
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Otto
- Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Kolisko
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jan Michálek
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alka Saxena
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Annageldi Tayyrov
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaguraj Veluchamy
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Section, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197 INSERM U1024, Paris, France
| | - Shahjahan Ali
- Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Axel Bernal
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Javier del Campo
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jaromír Cihlář
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Flegontov
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Eva Hajdušková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Horák
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Janouškovec
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Fred D Mast
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Diego Miranda-Saavedra
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tobias Mourier
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raeece Naeem
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mridul Nair
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aswini K Panigrahi
- Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neil D Rawlings
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eriko Padron-Regalado
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhinay Ramaprasad
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadira Samad
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Aleš Tomčala
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jon Wilkes
- Wellcome Trust Centre For Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel E Neafsey
- Broad Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Christian Doerig
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Chris Bowler
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Section, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197 INSERM U1024, Paris, France
| | - Patrick J Keeling
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David S Roos
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Thomas J Templeton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Ross F Waller
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Oborník
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Endocytosis, the process whereby the plasma membrane invaginates to form vesicles, is essential for bringing many substances into the cell and for membrane turnover. The mechanism driving clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) involves > 50 different protein components assembling at a single location on the plasma membrane in a temporally ordered and hierarchal pathway. These proteins perform precisely choreographed steps that promote receptor recognition and clustering, membrane remodeling, and force-generating actin-filament assembly and turnover to drive membrane invagination and vesicle scission. Many critical aspects of the CME mechanism are conserved from yeast to mammals and were first elucidated in yeast, demonstrating that it is a powerful system for studying endocytosis. In this review, we describe our current mechanistic understanding of each step in the process of yeast CME, and the essential roles played by actin polymerization at these sites, while providing a historical perspective of how the landscape has changed since the preceding version of the YeastBook was published 17 years ago (1997). Finally, we discuss the key unresolved issues and where future studies might be headed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce L Goode
- Brandeis University, Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Julian A Eskin
- Brandeis University, Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Beverly Wendland
- The Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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Cryo-EM reveals different coronin binding modes for ADP- and ADP-BeFx actin filaments. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2014; 21:1075-81. [PMID: 25362487 PMCID: PMC4388421 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Essential cellular processes involving the actin cytoskeleton are regulated by auxiliary proteins which can sense the nucleotide state of actin. Here we report cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structures at 8.6 Å resolution for ADP- and ADP-BeFx- (mimicking ADP-Pi) bound actin filaments in complex with the β-propeller domain (residues 1–600) of yeast coronin 1 (crn1). Our structures identify the main differences in the interaction of coronin with the two nucleotide states of F-actin. We derived pseudo-atomic models by fitting the atomic structures of actin and coronin into these structures. The identified binding interfaces on actin were confirmed by chemical crosslinking, fluorescence spectroscopy and actin mutagenesis. Importantly, the structures of actin and coronin mapped in this study offer a structural explanation for the nucleotide-dependent effects of coronin on cofilin-assisted remodeling of F-actin.
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Salamun J, Kallio JP, Daher W, Soldati-Favre D, Kursula I. Structure of Toxoplasma gondii coronin, an actin-binding protein that relocalizes to the posterior pole of invasive parasites and contributes to invasion and egress. FASEB J 2014; 28:4729-47. [PMID: 25114175 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-252569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Coronins are involved in the regulation of actin dynamics in a multifaceted way, participating in cell migration and vesicular trafficking. Apicomplexan parasites, which exhibit an actin-dependent gliding motility that is essential for traversal through tissues, as well as invasion of and egress from host cells, express only a single coronin, whereas higher eukaryotes possess several isoforms. We set out to characterize the 3-D structure, biochemical function, subcellular localization, and genetic ablation of Toxoplasma gondii coronin (TgCOR), to shed light on its biological role. A combination of X-ray crystallography, small-angle scattering of X-rays, and light scattering revealed the atomic structure of the conserved WD40 domain and the dimeric arrangement of the full-length protein. TgCOR binds to F-actin and increases the rate and extent of actin polymerization. In vivo, TgCOR relocalizes transiently to the posterior pole of motile and invading parasites, independent of actin dynamics, but concomitant to microneme secretory organelle discharge. TgCOR contributes to, but is not essential for, invasion and egress. Taken together, our data point toward a role for TgCOR in stabilizing newly formed, short filaments and F-actin cross-linking, as well as functions linked to endocytosis and recycling of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Salamun
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juha P Kallio
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Wassim Daher
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Soldati-Favre
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Inari Kursula
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany; and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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15
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Jin Q, Pulipati NR, Zhou W, Staub CM, Liotta LA, Mulder KM. Role of km23-1 in RhoA/actin-based cell migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:333-8. [PMID: 23079622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
km23-1 was originally identified as a TGFß receptor-interacting protein that plays an important role in TGFß signaling. Moreover, km23-1 is actually part of an ancient superfamily of NTPase-regulatory proteins, widely represented in archaea and bacteria. To further elucidate the function of km23-1, we identified novel protein interacting partners for km23-1 by using tandem affinity purification (TAP) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Here we show that km23-1 interacted with a class of proteins involved in actin-based cell motility and modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. We further showed that km23-1 modulates the formation of a highly organized stress fiber network. More significantly, we demonstrated that knockdown (KD) of km23-1 decreased RhoA activation in Mv1Lu epithelial cells. Finally, our results demonstrated for the first time that depletion of km23-1 inhibited cell migration of human colon carcinoma cells (HCCCs) in wound-healing assays. Overall, our findings demonstrate that km23-1 regulates RhoA and motility-associated actin modulating proteins, suggesting that km23-1 may represent a novel target for anti-metastatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, PA 17033, USA
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16
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Abstract
Dynamic rearrangement of actin filament networks is critical for cell motility, phagocytosis and endocytosis. Coronins facilitate these processes, in part, by their ability to bind F-actin (filamentous actin). We previously identified a conserved surface-exposed arginine (Arg30) in the β-propeller of Coronin 1B required for F-actin binding in vitro and in vivo. However, whether this finding translates to other coronins has not been well defined. Using quantitative actin-binding assays, we show that mutating the equivalent residue abolishes F-actin binding in Coronin 1A, but not Coronin 1C. By mutagenesis and biochemical competition, we have identified a second actin-binding site in the unique region of Coronin 1C. Interestingly, leading-edge localization of Coronin 1C in fibroblasts requires the conserved site in the β-propeller, but not the site in the unique region. Furthermore, in contrast with Coronin 1A and Coronin 1B, Coronin 1C displays highly co-operative binding to actin filaments. In the present study, we highlight a novel mode of coronin regulation, which has implications for how coronins orchestrate cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Xavier CP, Rastetter RH, Blömacher M, Stumpf M, Himmel M, Morgan RO, Fernandez MP, Wang C, Osman A, Miyata Y, Gjerset RA, Eichinger L, Hofmann A, Linder S, Noegel AA, Clemen CS. Phosphorylation of CRN2 by CK2 regulates F-actin and Arp2/3 interaction and inhibits cell migration. Sci Rep 2012; 2:241. [PMID: 22355754 PMCID: PMC3268813 DOI: 10.1038/srep00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CRN2 (synonyms: coronin 1C, coronin 3) functions in the re-organization of the actin network and is implicated in cellular processes like protrusion formation, secretion, migration and invasion. We demonstrate that CRN2 is a binding partner and substrate of protein kinase CK2, which phosphorylates CRN2 at S463 in its C-terminal coiled coil domain. Phosphomimetic S463D CRN2 loses the wild-type CRN2 ability to inhibit actin polymerization, to bundle F-actin, and to bind to the Arp2/3 complex. As a consequence, S463D mutant CRN2 changes the morphology of the F-actin network in the front of lamellipodia. Our data imply that CK2-dependent phosphorylation of CRN2 is involved in the modulation of the local morphology of complex actin structures and thereby inhibits cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Peter Xavier
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Both authors contributed equally to this work
- Present address: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - Raphael H. Rastetter
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Margit Blömacher
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mirko Himmel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reginald O. Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Maria-Pilar Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Conan Wang
- Structural Chemistry, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - Asiah Osman
- Structural Chemistry, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - Yoshihiko Miyata
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ruth A. Gjerset
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Structural Chemistry, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelika A. Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph S. Clemen
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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Hölttä-Vuori M, Vainio S, Kauppi M, Van Eck M, Jokitalo E, Ikonen E. Endosomal actin remodeling by coronin-1A controls lipoprotein uptake and degradation in macrophages. Circ Res 2012; 110:450-5. [PMID: 22223354 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.256842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in the processing of atherogenic lipoproteins in macrophages. However, the functional role of actin and the regulatory proteins involved are unknown. OBJECTIVE Coronin-1A (Coro1A) was identified as a differentially expressed transcript in wild-type versus Niemann-Pick type C1 deficient macrophages exposed to acetylated low-density lipoproteins (AcLDL). We investigated whether Coro1A plays a role in the uptake or processing of modified lipoproteins in macrophages and if this is related to its actin regulatory functions. METHODS AND RESULTS In wild-type primary macrophages, filamentous actin transiently decorated AcLDL containing endosomes that also recruited Coro1A. This dynamic association of F-actin with endosomes was disturbed in Coro1A deficient macrophages. In Coro1A knockout macrophages the uptake of AcLDL was increased, rate of AcLDL delivery to lysosomes enhanced, and lipoprotein-derived cholesteryl ester hydrolysis accelerated. Overexpression of wild-type Coro1A normalized AcLDL uptake in Coro1A knockout macrophages while a Coro1A actin binding mutant did not. Furthermore, the effects of macrophage Coro1A silencing on endosomal actin association and AcLDL delivery to lysosomes resembled those of cofilin silencing. CONCLUSIONS Coro1A controls actin association with endocytic organelles, thereby negatively regulating endo-lysosomal delivery, degradation of modified lipoproteins and cholesterol deposition in macrophages.
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19
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Sattler JM, Ganter M, Hliscs M, Matuschewski K, Schüler H. Actin regulation in the malaria parasite. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:966-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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A holistic phylogeny of the coronin gene family reveals an ancient origin of the tandem-coronin, defines a new subfamily, and predicts protein function. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:268. [PMID: 21943019 PMCID: PMC3203266 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronins belong to the superfamily of the eukaryotic-specific WD40-repeat proteins and play a role in several actin-dependent processes like cytokinesis, cell motility, phagocytosis, and vesicular trafficking. Two major types of coronins are known: First, the short coronins consisting of an N-terminal coronin domain, a unique region and a short coiled-coil region, and secondly the tandem coronins comprising two coronin domains. Results 723 coronin proteins from 358 species have been identified by analyzing the whole-genome assemblies of all available sequenced eukaryotes (March 2011). The organisms analyzed represent most eukaryotic kingdoms but also cover every taxon several times to provide a better statistical sampling. The phylogenetic tree of the coronin domains based on the Bayesian method is in accordance with the most recent grouping of the major kingdoms of the eukaryotes and also with the grouping of more recently separated branches. Based on this "holistic" approach the coronins group into four classes: class-1 (Type I) and class-2 (Type II) are metazoan/choanoflagellate specific classes, class-3 contains the tandem-coronins (Type III), and the new class-4 represents the coronins fused to villin (Type IV). Short coronins from non-metazoans are equally related to class-1 and class-2 coronins and thus remain unclassified. Conclusions The coronin class distribution suggests that the last common eukaryotic ancestor possessed a single and a tandem-coronin, and most probably a class-4 coronin of which homologs have been identified in Excavata and Opisthokonts although most of these species subsequently lost the class-4 homolog. The most ancient short coronin already contained the trimerization motif in the coiled-coil domain.
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21
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Poukkula M, Kremneva E, Serlachius M, Lappalainen P. Actin-depolymerizing factor homology domain: a conserved fold performing diverse roles in cytoskeletal dynamics. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2011; 68:471-90. [PMID: 21850706 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Actin filaments form contractile and protrusive structures that play central roles in many processes such as cell migration, morphogenesis, endocytosis, and cytokinesis. During these processes, the dynamics of the actin filaments are precisely regulated by a large array of actin-binding proteins. The actin-depolymerizing factor homology (ADF-H) domain is a structurally conserved protein motif, which promotes cytoskeletal dynamics by interacting with monomeric and/or filamentous actin, and with the Arp2/3 complex. Despite their structural homology, the five classes of ADF-H domain proteins display distinct biochemical activities and cellular roles, only parts of which are currently understood. ADF/cofilin promotes disassembly of aged actin filaments, whereas twinfilin inhibits actin filament assembly via sequestering actin monomers and interacting with filament barbed ends. GMF does not interact with actin, but instead binds Arp2/3 complex and promotes dissociation of Arp2/3-mediated filament branches. Abp1 and drebrin are multidomain proteins that interact with actin filaments and regulate the activities of other proteins during various actin-dependent processes. The exact function of coactosin is currently incompletely understood. In this review article, we discuss the biochemical functions, cellular roles, and regulation of the five groups of ADF-H domain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Poukkula
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Chan KT, Creed SJ, Bear JE. Unraveling the enigma: progress towards understanding the coronin family of actin regulators. Trends Cell Biol 2011; 21:481-8. [PMID: 21632254 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronins are a conserved family of actin cytoskeleton regulators that promote cell motility and modulate other actin-dependent processes. Although these proteins have been known for 20 years, substantial progress has been made in the past 5 years towards their understanding. In this review, we examine this progress, place it into the context of what was already known, and pose several questions that remain to be addressed. In particular, we cover the emerging consensus about the role of Type I coronins in coordinating the function of Arp2/3 complex and ADF/cofilin proteins. This coordination plays an important role in leading-edge actin dynamics and overall cell motility. Finally, we discuss the roles played by the more exotic coronins of the Type II and III classes in cellular processes away from the leading edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keefe T Chan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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23
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Liu SL, Needham KM, May JR, Nolen BJ. Mechanism of a concentration-dependent switch between activation and inhibition of Arp2/3 complex by coronin. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17039-46. [PMID: 21454476 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.219964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arp2/3 complex is a key actin filament nucleator that assembles branched actin networks in response to cellular signals. The activity of Arp2/3 complex is regulated by both activating and inhibitory proteins. Coronins make up a large class of actin-binding proteins previously shown to inhibit Arp2/3 complex. Although coronins are known to play a role in controlling actin dynamics in diverse processes, including endocytosis and cell motility, the precise mechanism by which they regulate Arp2/3 complex is unclear. We conducted a detailed biochemical analysis of budding yeast coronin, Crn1, and found that it not only inhibits Arp2/3 complex but also activates it. We mapped regions required for activation and found that Crn1 contains a sequence called CA, which is conserved in WASp/Scar proteins, the prototypical activators of Arp2/3 complex. Point mutations in CA abolished activation of Arp2/3 complex by Crn1 in vitro. Confocal microscopy and quantitative actin patch tracking showed that these mutants had defective endocytic actin patch dynamics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, indicating that activation of Arp2/3 complex by coronin is required for normal actin dynamics in vivo. The switch between the dual modes of regulation by Crn1 is controlled by concentration, and low concentrations of Crn1 enhance filament binding by Arp2/3 complex, whereas high concentrations block binding. Our data support a direct tethering recruitment model for activation of Arp2/3 complex by Crn1 and suggest that Crn1 indirectly inhibits Arp2/3 complex by blocking it from binding actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ling Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229, USA
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Huang W, Ghisletti S, Saijo K, Gandhi M, Aouadi M, Tesz GJ, Zhang DX, Yao J, Czech MP, Goode BL, Rosenfeld MG, Glass CK. Coronin 2A mediates actin-dependent de-repression of inflammatory response genes. Nature 2011; 470:414-8. [PMID: 21331046 PMCID: PMC3464905 DOI: 10.1038/nature09703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) function as initiators of inflammation through their ability to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns and products of tissue damage1,2. Transcriptional activation of many TLR-responsive genes requires an initial de-repression step in which NCoR co-repressor complexes are actively removed from target gene promoters to relieve basal repression3,4. Ligand-dependent SUMOylation of liver X receptors (LXRs) potently suppresses TLR4-induced transcription by preventing the NCoR clearance step5–7, but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here, we provide evidence that Coronin 2A (Coro2A), a component of the NCoR complex of previously unknown function8,9, mediates TLR-induced NCoR turnover by a mechanism involving interaction with oligomeric nuclear actin. SUMOylated LXRs block NCoR turnover by binding to a conserved SUMO2/3 interaction motif in Coro2A and preventing actin recruitment. Intriguingly, the LXR transrepression pathway can itself be inactivated by inflammatory signals that induce CaMKIIγ-dependent phosphorylation of LXR, leading to its deSUMOylation by the SUMO protease SENP3 and release from Coro2A. These findings reveal a Coro2A/actin-dependent mechanism for de-repression of inflammatory response genes that can be differentially regulated by phosphorylation and nuclear receptor signaling pathways that control immunity and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0651, USA
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