1
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Krejčová G, Morgantini C, Zemanová H, Lauschke VM, Kovářová J, Kubásek J, Nedbalová P, Kamps‐Hughes N, Moos M, Aouadi M, Doležal T, Bajgar A. Macrophage-derived insulin antagonist ImpL2 induces lipoprotein mobilization upon bacterial infection. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114086. [PMID: 37807855 PMCID: PMC10690471 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response is an energy-demanding process that must be coordinated with systemic metabolic changes redirecting nutrients from stores to the immune system. Although this interplay is fundamental for the function of the immune system, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our data show that the pro-inflammatory polarization of Drosophila macrophages is coupled to the production of the insulin antagonist ImpL2 through the activity of the transcription factor HIF1α. ImpL2 production, reflecting nutritional demands of activated macrophages, subsequently impairs insulin signaling in the fat body, thereby triggering FOXO-driven mobilization of lipoproteins. This metabolic adaptation is fundamental for the function of the immune system and an individual's resistance to infection. We demonstrated that analogically to Drosophila, mammalian immune-activated macrophages produce ImpL2 homolog IGFBP7 in a HIF1α-dependent manner and that enhanced IGFBP7 production by these cells induces mobilization of lipoproteins from hepatocytes. Hence, the production of ImpL2/IGFBP7 by macrophages represents an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which macrophages alleviate insulin signaling in the central metabolic organ to secure nutrients necessary for their function upon bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Krejčová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC)Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Helena Zemanová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC)Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
- University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Julie Kovářová
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of ParasitologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Jiří Kubásek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Pavla Nedbalová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | | | - Martin Moos
- Institute of EntomologyBiology Centre CASCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC)Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Tomáš Doležal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Adam Bajgar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
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2
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Barreby E, Strunz B, Nock S, Naudet L, Shen JX, Johansson H, Sönnerborg I, Ma J, Urgard E, Pallett LJ, Hu Y, Fardellas A, Azzimato V, Vankova A, Levi L, Morgantini C, Maini MK, Stål P, Rosshart SP, Coquet JM, Nowak G, Näslund E, Lauschke VM, Ellis E, Björkström NK, Chen P, Aouadi M. Human resident liver myeloid cells protect against metabolic stress in obesity. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1188-1203. [PMID: 37414931 PMCID: PMC10365994 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Although multiple populations of macrophages have been described in the human liver, their function and turnover in patients with obesity at high risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis are currently unknown. Herein, we identify a specific human population of resident liver myeloid cells that protects against the metabolic impairment associated with obesity. By studying the turnover of liver myeloid cells in individuals undergoing liver transplantation, we find that liver myeloid cell turnover differs between humans and mice. Using single-cell techniques and flow cytometry, we determine that the proportion of the protective resident liver myeloid cells, denoted liver myeloid cells 2 (LM2), decreases during obesity. Functional validation approaches using human 2D and 3D cultures reveal that the presence of LM2 ameliorates the oxidative stress associated with obese conditions. Our study indicates that resident myeloid cells could be a therapeutic target to decrease the oxidative stress associated with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Barreby
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Nock
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Léa Naudet
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Helene Johansson
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet (CLINTEC), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Isabella Sönnerborg
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet (CLINTEC), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Junjie Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Egon Urgard
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura J Pallett
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yizhou Hu
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Achilleas Fardellas
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Translational Hepatic Safety, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana Vankova
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Per Stål
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan P Rosshart
- Department of Microbiome Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greg Nowak
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet (CLINTEC), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet (CLINTEC), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Abstract
Macrophages have diverse phenotypes and functions due to differences in their origin, location and pathophysiological context. Although their main role in the liver has been described as immunoregulatory and detoxifying, changes in macrophage phenotypes, diversity, dynamics and function have been reported during obesity-related complications such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD encompasses multiple disease states from hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Obesity and insulin resistance are prominent risk factors for NASH, a disease with a high worldwide prevalence and no approved treatment. In this Review, we discuss the turnover and function of liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and monocyte-derived hepatic macrophages. We examine these populations in both steady state and during NAFLD, with an emphasis on NASH. The explosion in high-throughput gene expression analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) within the last 5 years has revolutionized the study of macrophage heterogeneity, substantially increasing our understanding of the composition and diversity of tissue macrophages, including in the liver. Here, we highlight scRNA-seq findings from the last 5 years on the diversity of liver macrophages in homeostasis and metabolic disease, and reveal hepatic macrophage function beyond their classically described inflammatory role in the progression of NAFLD and NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Barreby
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Weinstock A, Scolaro B, Brown EJ, Petitjean M, Nikain CA, Pena S, Garabedian M, Eric R, Aouadi M, Fisher EA. Abstract 153: The Differential Effects Of Weight Loss And Regain On Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.42.suppl_1.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Heightened inflammation in obesity is a major contributor to many diseases, including atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although weight loss is extremely beneficial in improving many obesity-related conditions, weight regain worsens disease outcomes, including CVD, compared to maintenance of an obese state. Nonetheless, how weight loss promotes inflammation resolution and why weight regain worsens inflammation is poorly understood and was investigated here. Using high-fat high-cholesterol diet feeding of atherogenic mice (Ldlr deficient), we promoted weight loss after the establishment of atherosclerosis and obesity by using dietary restriction, e.g. reducing daily food consumption by 30% for 2 weeks, while maintaining hyperlipidemia. For weight regain, some mice were then given free access to food for 6 weeks. Strikingly, after 2 weeks of dietary restriction we observed atherosclerosis resolution, while weight regain accelerated disease re-progression. Single-cell analysis of visceral adipose and plaque leukocytes revealed enrichment in both tissues of a novel macrophage population with dietary restriction, which is distinguished by high expression of the antibody receptor Fcgr4, a known phagocytosis mediator. Conversely, Fcgr4
+
macrophages disappeared from plaques and adipose following weight regain. Mechanistically, Fcgr4
+
macrophages from the adipose tissue induced clearance of plaque necrotic core via enhanced efferocytosis. Moreover, we discovered that weight loss and regain differentially influence immune progenitors. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation showed that while weight loss and obese BM recipients had similar plaque inflammation, weight regain BM recipients had larger, more inflammatory plaques. In conclusion, our data are the first to directly show that initial weight loss promotes resolution of atherosclerosis, independently of plasma cholesterol changes and through the enrichment of specialized pro-resolving macrophages in adipose tissue that communicate with plaques. Conversely, weight regain accelerates disease progression via inflammatory reprogramming of immune progenitors.
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5
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Azzimato V, Craige SM, Aouadi M. Reply. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1784-1785. [PMID: 35077756 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Azzimato
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Siobhan M Craige
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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6
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Hammer Q, Dunst J, Christ W, Picarazzi F, Wendorff M, Momayyezi P, Huhn O, Netskar HK, Maleki KT, García M, Sekine T, Sohlberg E, Azzimato V, Aouadi M, Degenhardt F, Franke A, Spallotta F, Mori M, Michaëlsson J, Björkström NK, Rückert T, Romagnani C, Horowitz A, Klingström J, Ljunggren HG, Malmberg KJ. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 encodes for an HLA-E-stabilizing peptide that abrogates inhibition of NKG2A-expressing NK cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110503. [PMID: 35235832 PMCID: PMC8858686 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that contribute to host defense against virus infections. NK cells respond to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and are activated in patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, by which mechanisms NK cells detect SARS-CoV-2-infected cells remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the Non-structural protein 13 of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for a peptide that is presented by human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E). In contrast with self-peptides, the viral peptide prevents binding of HLA-E to the inhibitory receptor NKG2A, thereby rendering target cells susceptible to NK cell attack. In line with these observations, NKG2A-expressing NK cells are particularly activated in patients with COVID-19 and proficiently limit SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected lung epithelial cells in vitro. Thus, these data suggest that a viral peptide presented by HLA-E abrogates inhibition of NKG2A+ NK cells, resulting in missing self-recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirin Hammer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Josefine Dunst
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wanda Christ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Picarazzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mareike Wendorff
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pouria Momayyezi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oisín Huhn
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Herman K Netskar
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kimia T Maleki
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina García
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takuya Sekine
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ebba Sohlberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti," National Research Council (IASI-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timo Rückert
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Medical Department I, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amir Horowitz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Precision Immunology Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Barreby E, Aouadi M. To be or not to be a hepatic niche macrophage. Immunity 2022; 55:198-200. [PMID: 35139350 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While single-cell analyses have improved our understanding of liver macrophage heterogeneity, their localization and cellular interactions remain unclear. In a recent issue of Cell, Guilliams et al. provide strategies to localize liver macrophage populations and their communication with neighboring cells during health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Barreby
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Maqdasy S, Lecoutre S, Renzi G, Frendo-Cumbo S, Rizo-Roca D, Moritz T, Juvany M, Hodek O, Gao H, Couchet M, Witting M, Kerr A, Bergo MO, Choudhury RP, Aouadi M, Zierath JR, Krook A, Mejhert N, Rydén M. Impaired phosphocreatine metabolism in white adipocytes promotes inflammation. Nat Metab 2022; 4:190-202. [PMID: 35165448 PMCID: PMC8885409 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms promoting disturbed white adipocyte function in obesity remain largely unclear. Herein, we integrate white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolomic and transcriptomic data from clinical cohorts and find that the WAT phosphocreatine/creatine ratio is increased and creatine kinase-B expression and activity is decreased in the obese state. In human in vitro and murine in vivo models, we demonstrate that decreased phosphocreatine metabolism in white adipocytes alters adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity via effects on adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate levels, independently of WAT beigeing. This disturbance promotes a pro-inflammatory profile characterized, in part, by increased chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) production. These data suggest that the phosphocreatine/creatine system links cellular energy shuttling with pro-inflammatory responses in human and murine white adipocytes. Our findings provide unexpected perspectives on the mechanisms driving WAT inflammation in obesity and may present avenues to target adipocyte dysfunction.
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Grants
- SM was supported by the Université Clermont Auvergne, Société Francophone du Diabète and Fondation Bettencourt Schueller.
- S.F.C. is supported by a Novo Nordisk postdoctoral fellowship run in partnership with Karolinska Institutet.
- the NovoNordisk Foundation (NNF20OC0061149), CIMED, Swedish Research Council.
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation)
- Margareta af Uggla’s foundation, the Swedish Research Council, ERC-SyG SPHERES (856404 to M.R.), the NovoNordisk Foundation (including the Tripartite Immuno-metabolism Consortium Grant Number NNF15CC0018486, the MSAM consortium NNF15SA0018346 and the MeRIAD consortium Grant number 0064142), Knut and Alice Wallenbergs Foundation, CIMED, the Swedish Diabetes Foundation, the Stockholm County Council and the Strategic Research Program in Diabetes at Karolinska Institutet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwan Maqdasy
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et maladies métaboliques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Simon Lecoutre
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Renzi
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - David Rizo-Roca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- The NovoNordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Juvany
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondrej Hodek
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Witting
- Metabolomics and proteomics core (MPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
| | - Alastair Kerr
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Martin O Bergo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Myriam Aouadi
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden.
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9
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Søndergaard JN, Sommerauer C, Atanasoai I, Hinte LC, Geng K, Guiducci G, Bräutigam L, Aouadi M, Stojic L, Barragan I, Kutter C. CCT3- LINC00326 axis regulates hepatocarcinogenic lipid metabolism. Gut 2022; 71:gutjnl-2021-325109. [PMID: 35022268 PMCID: PMC9484377 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better comprehend transcriptional phenotypes of cancer cells, we globally characterised RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to identify altered RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). DESIGN To unravel RBP-lncRNA interactions in cancer, we curated a list of ~2300 highly expressed RBPs in human cells, tested effects of RBPs and lncRNAs on patient survival in multiple cohorts, altered expression levels, integrated various sequencing, molecular and cell-based data. RESULTS High expression of RBPs negatively affected patient survival in 21 cancer types, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). After knockdown of the top 10 upregulated RBPs and subsequent transcriptome analysis, we identified 88 differentially expressed lncRNAs, including 34 novel transcripts. CRISPRa-mediated overexpression of four lncRNAs had major effects on the HCC cell phenotype and transcriptome. Further investigation of four RBP-lncRNA pairs revealed involvement in distinct regulatory processes. The most noticeable RBP-lncRNA connection affected lipid metabolism, whereby the non-canonical RBP CCT3 regulated LINC00326 in a chaperonin-independent manner. Perturbation of the CCT3-LINC00326 regulatory network led to decreased lipid accumulation and increased lipid degradation in cellulo as well as diminished tumour growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We revealed that RBP gene expression is perturbed in HCC and identified that RBPs exerted additional functions beyond their tasks under normal physiological conditions, which can be stimulated or intensified via lncRNAs and affected tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nørskov Søndergaard
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Sommerauer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ionut Atanasoai
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura C Hinte
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keyi Geng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Guiducci
- Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lovorka Stojic
- Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Isabel Barragan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Azzimato V, Chen P, Barreby E, Morgantini C, Levi L, Vankova A, Jager J, Sulen A, Diotallevi M, Shen JX, Miller A, Ellis E, Rydén M, Näslund E, Thorell A, Lauschke VM, Channon KM, Crabtree MJ, Haschemi A, Craige SM, Mori M, Spallotta F, Aouadi M. Hepatic miR-144 Drives Fumarase Activity Preventing NRF2 Activation During Obesity. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1982-1997.e11. [PMID: 34425095 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of metabolic complications associated with obesity, including insulin resistance and the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We have recently discovered that the microRNA miR-144 regulates protein levels of the master mediator of the antioxidant response, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). On miR-144 silencing, the expression of NRF2 target genes was significantly upregulated, suggesting that miR-144 controls NRF2 at the level of both protein expression and activity. Here we explored a mechanism whereby hepatic miR-144 inhibited NRF2 activity upon obesity via the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolite, fumarate, a potent activator of NRF2. METHODS We performed transcriptomic analysis in liver macrophages (LMs) of obese mice and identified the immuno-responsive gene 1 (Irg1) as a target of miR-144. IRG1 catalyzes the production of a TCA derivative, itaconate, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). TCA enzyme activities and kinetics were analyzed after miR-144 silencing in obese mice and human liver organoids using single-cell activity assays in situ and molecular dynamic simulations. RESULTS Increased levels of miR-144 in obesity were associated with reduced expression of Irg1, which was restored on miR-144 silencing in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR-144 overexpression reduces Irg1 expression and the production of itaconate in vitro. In alignment with the reduction in IRG1 levels and itaconate production, we observed an upregulation of SDH activity during obesity. Surprisingly, however, fumarate hydratase (FH) activity was also upregulated in obese livers, leading to the depletion of its substrate fumarate. miR-144 silencing selectively reduced the activities of both SDH and FH resulting in the accumulation of their related substrates succinate and fumarate. Moreover, molecular dynamics analyses revealed the potential role of itaconate as a competitive inhibitor of not only SDH but also FH. Combined, these results demonstrate that silencing of miR-144 inhibits the activity of NRF2 through decreased fumarate production in obesity. CONCLUSIONS Herein we unravel a novel mechanism whereby miR-144 inhibits NRF2 activity through the consumption of fumarate by activation of FH. Our study demonstrates that hepatic miR-144 triggers a hyperactive FH in the TCA cycle leading to an impaired antioxidant response in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Azzimato
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ana Vankova
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team « Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes,» Côte d'Azur, France
| | - André Sulen
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marina Diotallevi
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anne Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Keith M Channon
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arvand Haschemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siobhan M Craige
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti," National Research Council (IASI - CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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11
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Li Q, Hagberg CE, Silva Cascales H, Lang S, Hyvönen MT, Salehzadeh F, Chen P, Alexandersson I, Terezaki E, Harms MJ, Kutschke M, Arifen N, Krämer N, Aouadi M, Knibbe C, Boucher J, Thorell A, Spalding KL. Obesity and hyperinsulinemia drive adipocytes to activate a cell cycle program and senesce. Nat Med 2021; 27:1941-1953. [PMID: 34608330 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered an important factor for many chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The expansion of adipose tissue in obesity is due to an increase in both adipocyte progenitor differentiation and mature adipocyte cell size. Adipocytes, however, are thought to be unable to divide or enter the cell cycle. We demonstrate that mature human adipocytes unexpectedly display a gene and protein signature indicative of an active cell cycle program. Adipocyte cell cycle progression associates with obesity and hyperinsulinemia, with a concomitant increase in cell size, nuclear size and nuclear DNA content. Chronic hyperinsulinemia in vitro or in humans, however, is associated with subsequent cell cycle exit, leading to a premature senescent transcriptomic and secretory profile in adipocytes. Premature senescence is rapidly becoming recognized as an important mediator of stress-induced tissue dysfunction. By demonstrating that adipocytes can activate a cell cycle program, we define a mechanism whereby mature human adipocytes senesce. We further show that by targeting the adipocyte cell cycle program using metformin, it is possible to influence adipocyte senescence and obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Silva Cascales
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuai Lang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mervi T Hyvönen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Firoozeh Salehzadeh
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ping Chen
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockolm, Sweden
| | - Ida Alexandersson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eleni Terezaki
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Harms
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Kutschke
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahida Arifen
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Krämer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockolm, Sweden
| | - Carole Knibbe
- CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon University, INRIA, INSA Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsty L Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Blériot C, Barreby E, Dunsmore G, Ballaire R, Chakarov S, Ficht X, De Simone G, Andreata F, Fumagalli V, Guo W, Wan G, Gessain G, Khalilnezhad A, Zhang XM, Ang N, Chen P, Morgantini C, Azzimato V, Kong WT, Liu Z, Pai R, Lum J, Shihui F, Low I, Xu C, Malleret B, Kairi MFM, Balachander A, Cexus O, Larbi A, Lee B, Newell EW, Ng LG, Phoo WW, Sobota RM, Sharma A, Howland SW, Chen J, Bajenoff M, Yvan-Charvet L, Venteclef N, Iannacone M, Aouadi M, Ginhoux F. A subset of Kupffer cells regulates metabolism through the expression of CD36. Immunity 2021; 54:2101-2116.e6. [PMID: 34469775 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue macrophages are immune cells whose phenotypes and functions are dictated by origin and niches. However, tissues are complex environments, and macrophage heterogeneity within the same organ has been overlooked so far. Here, we used high-dimensional approaches to characterize macrophage populations in the murine liver. We identified two distinct populations among embryonically derived Kupffer cells (KCs) sharing a core signature while differentially expressing numerous genes and proteins: a major CD206loESAM- population (KC1) and a minor CD206hiESAM+ population (KC2). KC2 expressed genes involved in metabolic processes, including fatty acid metabolism both in steady-state and in diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Functional characterization by depletion of KC2 or targeted silencing of the fatty acid transporter Cd36 highlighted a crucial contribution of KC2 in the liver oxidative stress associated with obesity. In summary, our study reveals that KCs are more heterogeneous than anticipated, notably describing a subpopulation wired with metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Blériot
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Inserm U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94800, France.
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | | | | | - Svetoslav Chakarov
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Giorgia De Simone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Wei Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guochen Wan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Gregoire Gessain
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ahad Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiao Meng Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Wan Ting Kong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rhea Pai
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Foo Shihui
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ivy Low
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Connie Xu
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Faris Mohd Kairi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Akhila Balachander
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Olivier Cexus
- Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Evan W Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wint Wint Phoo
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Shanshan W Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13288, France
| | | | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris 75006, France
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy; Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
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13
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Azzimato V, Jager J, Chen P, Morgantini C, Levi L, Barreby E, Sulen A, Oses C, Willerbrords J, Xu C, Li X, Shen JX, Akbar N, Haag L, Ellis E, Wålhen K, Näslund E, Thorell A, Choudhury RP, Lauschke VM, Rydén M, Craige SM, Aouadi M. Liver macrophages inhibit the endogenous antioxidant response in obesity-associated insulin resistance. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/532/eaaw9709. [PMID: 32102936 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw9709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Because no approved medication nor an accurate and noninvasive diagnosis is currently available for NAFLD, there is a clear need to better understand the link between obesity and NAFLD. Lipid accumulation during obesity is known to be associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory activation of liver macrophages (LMs). However, we show that although LMs do not become proinflammatory during obesity, they display signs of oxidative stress. In livers of both humans and mice, antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was down-regulated with obesity and insulin resistance, yielding an impaired response to lipid accumulation. At the molecular level, a microRNA-targeting NRF2 protein, miR-144, was elevated in the livers of obese insulin-resistant humans and mice, and specific silencing of miR-144 in murine and human LMs was sufficient to restore NRF2 protein expression and the antioxidant response. These results highlight the pathological role of LMs and their therapeutic potential to restore the impaired endogenous antioxidant response in obesity-associated NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Azzimato
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1065, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Ping Chen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Sulen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Carolina Oses
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joost Willerbrords
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Connie Xu
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Haag
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Wålhen
- Unit of Endocrinology Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 116 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Unit of Endocrinology Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Siobhan M Craige
- Human Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
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14
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Morgantini C, Jager J, Li X, Levi L, Azzimato V, Sulen A, Barreby E, Xu C, Tencerova M, Näslund E, Kumar C, Verdeguer F, Straniero S, Hultenby K, Björkström NK, Ellis E, Rydén M, Kutter C, Hurrell T, Lauschke VM, Boucher J, Tomčala A, Krejčová G, Bajgar A, Aouadi M. Author Correction: Liver macrophages regulate systemic metabolism through non-inflammatory factors. Nat Metab 2021; 3:287. [PMID: 33469210 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Morgantini
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity, Nice, France
| | - Xidan Li
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Sulen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Connie Xu
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital and Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Translational Sciences, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Verdeguer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Straniero
- Metabolism Unit C2:94, Department of Medicine, and Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tracey Hurrell
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleš Tomčala
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Protistology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bajgar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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15
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Luo J, Weaver MS, Fitzgibbons TP, Aouadi M, Czech MP, Allen MD. Immunotherapy for Infarcts: In Vivo Postinfarction Macrophage Modulation Using Intramyocardial Microparticle Delivery of Map4k4 Small Interfering RNA. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:258-268. [PMID: 33376632 PMCID: PMC7757732 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2020.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The myeloid cells infiltrating the heart early after acute myocardial infarction elaborate a secretome that largely orchestrates subsequent ventricular wall repair. Regulating this innate immune response could be a means to improve infarct healing. To pilot this concept, we utilized (β1,3-d-) glucan-encapsulated small interfering RNA (siRNA)-containing particles (GeRPs), targeting mononuclear phagocytes, delivered to mice as a one-time intramyocardial injection immediately after acute infarction. Findings demonstrated that cardiac macrophages phagocytosed GeRPs in vivo and had little systemic dissemination, thus providing a means to deliver local therapeutics. Acute infarcts were then injected in vivo with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; vehicle) or GeRPs loaded with siRNA to Map4k4, and excised hearts were examined at 3 and 7 days by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and histology. Compared with infarcted PBS-treated hearts, hearts with intrainfarct injections of siRNA-loaded GeRPs exhibited 69–89% reductions in transcripts for Map4k4 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4), interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α at 3 days. Expression of other factors relevant to matrix remodeling—monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinases, hyaluronan synthases, matricellular proteins, and profibrotic factors transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)—were also decreased. Most effects peaked at 3 days, but, in some instances (Map4k4, IL-1β, TGF-β, CTGF, versican, and periostin), suppression persisted to 7 days. Thus, direct intramyocardial GeRP injection could serve as a novel and clinically translatable platform for in vivo RNA delivery to intracardiac macrophages for local and selective immunomodulation of the infarct microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew S Weaver
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy P Fitzgibbons
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret D Allen
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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16
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Aouadi M, Passarella F, Tibullo V. Exponential stability in Mindlin's Form II gradient thermoelasticity with microtemperatures of type III. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20200459. [PMID: 33071589 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we derive a nonlinear strain gradient theory of thermoelastic materials with microtemperatures taking into account micro-inertia effects as well. The elastic behaviour is assumed to be consistent with Mindlin's Form II gradient elasticity theory, while the thermal behaviour is based on the entropy balance of type III postulated by Green and Naghdi for both temperature and microtemperatures. The work is motivated by increasing use of materials having microstructure at both mechanical and thermal levels. The equations of the linear theory are also obtained. Then, we use the semigroup theory to prove the well-posedness of the obtained problem. Because of the coupling between high-order derivatives and microtemperatures, the obtained equations do not have exponential decay. A frictional damping for the elastic component, whose form depends on the micro-inertia, is shown to lead to exponential stability for the type III model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aouadi
- Université de Carthage, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Bizerte, BP66 Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - F Passarella
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Matematica, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - V Tibullo
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Matematica, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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17
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Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Toda et al. (2020) show that postprandial elevation of LPS and insulin induce the production of IL-10 by adipose tissue macrophages. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is then inhibited synergistically by insulin and IL-10 to facilitate glucose clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Sulen
- KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
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19
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Petrus P, Lecoutre S, Dollet L, Wiel C, Sulen A, Gao H, Tavira B, Laurencikiene J, Rooyackers O, Checa A, Douagi I, Wheelock CE, Arner P, McCarthy M, Bergo MO, Edgar L, Choudhury RP, Aouadi M, Krook A, Rydén M. Glutamine Links Obesity to Inflammation in Human White Adipose Tissue. Cell Metab 2020; 31:375-390.e11. [PMID: 31866443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While obesity and associated metabolic complications are linked to inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT), the causal factors remain unclear. We hypothesized that the local metabolic environment could be an important determinant. To this end, we compared metabolites released from WAT of 81 obese and non-obese women. This identified glutamine to be downregulated in obesity and inversely associated with a pernicious WAT phenotype. Glutamine administration in vitro and in vivo attenuated both pro-inflammatory gene and protein levels in adipocytes and WAT and macrophage infiltration in WAT. Metabolomic and bioenergetic analyses in human adipocytes suggested that glutamine attenuated glycolysis and reduced uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) levels. UDP-GlcNAc is the substrate for the post-translational modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) mediated by the enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase. Functional studies in human adipocytes established a mechanistic link between reduced glutamine, O-GlcNAcylation of nuclear proteins, and a pro-inflammatory transcriptional response. Altogether, glutamine metabolism is linked to WAT inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Simon Lecoutre
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Lucile Dollet
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNut), H2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - André Sulen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Olav Rooyackers
- Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, B31, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Checa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iyadh Douagi
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Mark McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Martin O Bergo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNut), H2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Laurienne Edgar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
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20
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron-sized lipid envelopes that are produced and released from a parent cell and can be taken up by a recipient cell. EVs are capable of mediating cellular signalling by carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and cellular metabolites between cells and organs. Metabolic dysfunction is associated with changes in plasma concentrations of EVs as well as alterations in their EV cargo. Since EVs can act as messengers between parent and recipient cells, they could be involved in cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ communication in metabolic diseases. Recent literature has shown that EVs are produced by cells within metabolic tissues, such as adipose tissue, pancreas, muscle and liver. These vesicles have therefore been proposed as a novel intercellular communication mode in systemic metabolic regulation. In this review, we will describe and discuss the current literature that investigates the role of adipose-derived EVs in the regulation of obesity-associated metabolic disease. We will particularly focus on the EV-dependent communication between adipocytes, the vasculature and immune cells in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Blickagången 6, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Blickagången 6, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.
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21
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Petkevicius K, Virtue S, Bidault G, Jenkins B, Çubuk C, Morgantini C, Aouadi M, Dopazo J, Serlie MJ, Koulman A, Vidal-Puig A. Accelerated phosphatidylcholine turnover in macrophages promotes adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. eLife 2019; 8:e47990. [PMID: 31418690 PMCID: PMC6748830 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation contributes to the development of insulin resistance in obesity. While the role of adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) pro-inflammatory signalling in the development of insulin resistance has been established, it is less clear how WAT inflammation is initiated. Here, we show that ATMs isolated from obese mice and humans exhibit markers of increased rate of de novo phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. Macrophage-specific knockout of phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase A (CCTα), the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo PC biosynthesis pathway, alleviated obesity-induced WAT inflammation and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, CCTα-deficient macrophages showed reduced ER stress and inflammation in response to palmitate. Surprisingly, this was not due to lower exogenous palmitate incorporation into cellular PCs. Instead, CCTα-null macrophages had lower membrane PC turnover, leading to elevated membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid levels that negated the pro-inflammatory effects of palmitate. Our results reveal a causal link between obesity-associated increase in de novo PC synthesis, accelerated PC turnover and pro-inflammatory activation of ATMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasparas Petkevicius
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sam Virtue
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Bidault
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Cankut Çubuk
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud, CDCA, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Functional Genomics NodeINB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic CentreKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic CentreKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud, CDCA, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Functional Genomics NodeINB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Albert Koulman
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUnited Kingdom
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22
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Morgantini C, Jager J, Li X, Levi L, Azzimato V, Sulen A, Barreby E, Xu C, Tencerova M, Näslund E, Kumar C, Verdeguer F, Straniero S, Hultenby K, Björkström NK, Ellis E, Rydén M, Kutter C, Hurrell T, Lauschke VM, Boucher J, Tomčala A, Krejčová G, Bajgar A, Aouadi M. Author Correction: Liver macrophages regulate systemic metabolism through non-inflammatory factors. Nat Metab 2019; 1:497. [PMID: 32694879 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the version of this article initially published, author Volker M. Lauschke had affiliation number 13; the correct affiliation number is 12. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Morgantini
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity, Nice, France
| | - Xidan Li
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Sulen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Connie Xu
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital and Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Translational Sciences, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Verdeguer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Straniero
- Metabolism Unit C2:94, Department of Medicine, and Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tracey Hurrell
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleš Tomčala
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Protistology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology CentreCzech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bajgar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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23
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Morgantini C, Jager J, Li X, Levi L, Azzimato V, Sulen A, Barreby E, Xu C, Tencerova M, Näslund E, Kumar C, Verdeguer F, Straniero S, Hultenby K, Björkström NK, Ellis E, Rydén M, Kutter C, Hurrell T, Lauschke VM, Boucher J, Tomčala A, Krejčová G, Bajgar A, Aouadi M. Liver macrophages regulate systemic metabolism through non-inflammatory factors. Nat Metab 2019; 1:445-459. [PMID: 32694874 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Liver macrophages (LMs) have been proposed to contribute to metabolic disease through secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, anti-inflammatory drugs lead to only modest improvements in systemic metabolism. Here we show that LMs do not undergo a proinflammatory phenotypic switch in obesity-induced insulin resistance in flies, mice and humans. Instead, we find that LMs produce non-inflammatory factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), that directly regulate liver metabolism. IGFBP7 binds to the insulin receptor and induces lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis via activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling. We further show that IGFBP7 is subject to RNA editing at a higher frequency in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive obese patients (90% versus 30%, respectively), resulting in an IGFBP7 isoform with potentially higher capacity to bind to the insulin receptor. Our study demonstrates that LMs can contribute to insulin resistance independently of their inflammatory status and indicates that non-inflammatory factors produced by macrophages might represent new drug targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Morgantini
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity, Nice, France
| | - Xidan Li
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Sulen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Connie Xu
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital and Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Translational Sciences, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Verdeguer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Straniero
- Metabolism Unit C2:94, Department of Medicine, and Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tracey Hurrell
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleš Tomčala
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Protistology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bajgar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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24
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Abstract
Macrophages are cells of the immune system that have been suggested as important regulators of whole-body metabolism in mammals. In obesity, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are thought to play both a detrimental and a beneficial role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. Here, we describe a protocol to prepare and administer glucan-encapsulated RNAi particles (GeRPs), for specific delivery of siRNA and subsequent gene silencing in ATMs in obese mice. Using the GeRP technology to silence genes provides a unique method to study the function of factors expressed by ATMs in the regulation of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Barreby
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Sulen
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Acosta JR, Joost S, Karlsson K, Ehrlund A, Li X, Aouadi M, Kasper M, Arner P, Rydén M, Laurencikiene J. Single cell transcriptomics suggest that human adipocyte progenitor cells constitute a homogeneous cell population. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:250. [PMID: 29116032 PMCID: PMC5678572 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs) and adipogenesis impact the development of excess body fat-related metabolic complications. Animal studies have suggested the presence of distinct subtypes of ASCs with different differentiation properties. In addition, ASCs are becoming the biggest source of mesenchymal stem cells used in therapies, which requires deep characterization. Using unbiased single cell transcriptomics we aimed to characterize ASC populations in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT). The transcriptomes of 574 single cells from the WAT total stroma vascular fraction (SVF) of four healthy women were analyzed by clustering and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding visualization. The identified cell populations were then mapped to cell types present in WAT using data from gene expression microarray profiling of flow cytometry-sorted SVF. Cells clustered into four distinct populations: three adipose tissue-resident macrophage subtypes and one large, homogeneous population of ASCs. While pseudotemporal ordering analysis indicated that the ASCs were in slightly different differentiation stages, the differences in gene expression were small and could not distinguish distinct ASC subtypes. Altogether, in healthy individuals, ASCs seem to constitute a single homogeneous cell population that cannot be subdivided by single cell transcriptomics, suggesting a common origin for human adipocytes in scWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Acosta
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Joost
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kasper Karlsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheelelaberatoriet, Scheeles väg 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- Karolinska Institutet, ICMC, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Karolinska Institutet, ICMC, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Jourdan T, Nicoloro SM, Zhou Z, Shen Y, Liu J, Coffey NJ, Cinar R, Godlewski G, Gao B, Aouadi M, Czech MP, Kunos G. Decreasing CB 1 receptor signaling in Kupffer cells improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1517-1528. [PMID: 29107297 PMCID: PMC5681272 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity-induced accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver is thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance, and increased activity of hepatic CB1R has been shown to promote both processes. However, lipid accumulation in liver can be experimentally dissociated from insulin resistance under certain conditions, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms. Obesity is also associated with pro-inflammatory changes which, in turn, can promote insulin resistance. Kupffer cells (KCs), the liver's resident macrophages, are the major source of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver, such as TNF-α, which has been shown to inhibit insulin signaling in multiple cell types, including hepatocytes. Here, we sought to identify the role of CB1R in KCs in obesity-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Methods We used intravenously administered β-D-glucan-encapsulated siRNA to knock-down CB1R gene expression selectively in KCs. Results We demonstrate that a robust knock-down of the expression of Cnr1, the gene encoding CB1R, results in improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice, without affecting hepatic lipid content or body weight. Moreover, Cnr1 knock-down in KCs was associated with a shift from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 cytokine profile and improved insulin signaling as reflected by increased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion These findings suggest that CB1R expressed in KCs plays a critical role in obesity-related hepatic insulin resistance via a pro-inflammatory mechanism. CB1R signaling promotes hepatic insulin resistance by promoting hepatic steatosis and hepatic inflammation. CB1R knock-down in liver macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs) improves global insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. CB1R expressed in KCs play a critical role in hepatic insulin resistance independent of ectopic fat in the liver or adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Jourdan
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Nathan J Coffey
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Grzegorz Godlewski
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Macrophages are versatile and multifunctional cell types present in most vertebrate tissues. They are the first line of defense against pathogens through phagocytosis of microbial infections, particles and dead cells. Macrophages harbor additional functions besides immune protection by participating in essential homeostatic and tissue development functions. The immune response requires a concomitant and coordinated regulation of the energetic metabolism. In this review, we will discuss how macrophages influence metabolic tissues and in turn how metabolic pathways, particularly glucose and lipid metabolism, affect macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Verdeguer
- Department of Medicine, KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-84, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-84, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Abstract
Liver perfusion is a common technique used to isolate parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells for in vitro experiments. This method allows hepatic cells to be separated based on their size and weight, by centrifugation using a density gradient. To date, other methods allow the isolation of only one viable hepatic cellular fraction from a single mouse; either parenchymal (hepatocytes) or non-parenchymal cells (i.e., Kupffer cells or hepatic stellate cells). Here, we describe a method to isolate both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells from a single mouse liver, thereby providing the unique advantage of studying different liver cell types that have been isolated from the same organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Aparicio-Vergara
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 57, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- KMEB, Molecular Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 57, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 57, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 57, Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Guenni K, Aouadi M, Chatti K, Salhi-Hannachi A. Analysis of genetic diversity of Tunisian pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr-15-gmr15048760. [PMID: 27813573 DOI: 10.4238/gmr15048760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers preferentially amplify open reading frames and were used to study the genetic diversity of Tunisian pistachio. In the present study, 43 Pistacia vera accessions were screened using seven SRAP primer pairs. A total of 78 markers was revealed (95.12%) with an average polymorphic information content of 0.850. The results suggest that there is strong genetic differentiation, which characterizes the local resources (GST = 0.307). High gene flow (Nm = 1.127) among groups was explained by the exchange of plant material among regions. Analysis of molecular variance revealed significant differences within groups and showed that 73.88% of the total genetic diversity occurred within groups, whereas the remaining 26.12% occurred among groups. Bayesian clustering and principal component analysis identified three pools, El Guettar, Pollenizers, and the rest of the pistachios belonging to the Gabès, Kasserine, and Sfax localities. Bayesian analysis revealed that El Guettar and male genotypes were assigned with more than 80% probability. The BayeScan method proposed that locus 59 (F13-R9) could be used in the development of sex-linked SCAR markers from SRAP since it is a commonly detected locus in comparisons involving the Pollenizers group. This is the first application of SRAP markers for the assessment of genetic diversity in Tunisian germplasm of P. vera. Such information will be useful to define conservation strategies and improvement programs for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Guenni
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - M Aouadi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - K Chatti
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - A Salhi-Hannachi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisie
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30
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Abstract
Obesity, which affects 600 million adults worldwide, is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance. Current therapies for these metabolic disorders include weight management by lifestyle intervention or bariatric surgery and pharmacological treatment with the aim of regulating blood glucose. Probably because of their short-term effectiveness, these therapies have not been able to stop the rapidly rising prevalence of T2D over the past decades, highlighting an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies. The role of immune cells, such as macrophages, in insulin resistance has been extensively studied. Major advances have been made to elucidate the role of adipose tissue macrophages in these pathogeneses. Recently, anti-inflammatory drugs have been suggested as an alternative treatment for T2D, and clinical trials of these agents are currently ongoing. In addition, results of previous clinical trials using antibodies against inflammatory cytokines, which showed modest effects, are now being rigorously re-evaluated. However, it is still unclear how liver macrophages [termed Kupffer cells (KCs)], which constitute the major source of macrophages in the body, contribute to the development of insulin resistance. In this review, we will discuss the present understanding of the role of liver immune cells in the development of insulin resistance. We will particularly focus on KCs, which could represent an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jager
- Department of Medicine, KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-84, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Aparicio-Vergara
- Department of Medicine, KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-84, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C2-84, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Cohen JL, Shen Y, Aouadi M, Vangala P, Tencerova M, Amano SU, Nicoloro SM, Yawe JC, Czech MP. Peptide- and Amine-Modified Glucan Particles for the Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:964-978. [PMID: 26815386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Translation of siRNA technology into the clinic is limited by the need for improved delivery systems that target specific cell types. Macrophages are particularly attractive targets for RNAi therapy because they promote pathogenic inflammatory responses in a number of important human diseases. We previously demonstrated that a multicomponent formulation of β-1,3-d-glucan-encapsulated siRNA particles (GeRPs) can specifically and potently silence genes in mouse macrophages. A major advance would be to simplify the GeRP system by reducing the number of delivery components, thus enabling more facile manufacturing and future commercialization. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of a simplified glucan-based particle (GP) capable of delivering siRNA in vivo to selectively silence macrophage genes. Covalent attachment of small-molecule amines and short peptides containing weak bases to GPs facilitated electrostatic interaction of the particles with siRNA and aided in the endosomal release of siRNA by the proton-sponge effect. Modified GPs were nontoxic and were efficiently internalized by macrophages in vitro. When injected intraperitoneally (i.p.), several of the new peptide-modified GPs were found to efficiently deliver siRNA to peritoneal macrophages in lean, healthy mice. In an animal model of obesity-induced inflammation, i.p. administration of one of the peptide-modified GPs (GP-EP14) bound to siRNA selectively reduced the expression of target inflammatory cytokines in the visceral adipose tissue macrophages. Decreasing adipose tissue inflammation resulted in an improvement of glucose metabolism in these metabolically challenged animals. Thus, modified GPs represent a promising new simplified system for the efficient delivery of therapeutic siRNAs specifically to phagocytic cells in vivo for modulation of inflammation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Cohen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Pranitha Vangala
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Shinya U Amano
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Joseph C Yawe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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32
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Roth Flach RJ, Skoura A, Matevossian A, Danai LV, Zheng W, Cortes C, Bhattacharya SK, Aouadi M, Hagan N, Yawe JC, Vangala P, Menendez LG, Cooper MP, Fitzgibbons TP, Buckbinder L, Czech MP. Endothelial protein kinase MAP4K4 promotes vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8995. [PMID: 26688060 PMCID: PMC4703891 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling pathways that control endothelial cell (EC) permeability, leukocyte adhesion and inflammation are pivotal for atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Here we demonstrate that the Sterile-20-like mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4), which has been implicated in inflammation, is abundantly expressed in ECs and in atherosclerotic plaques from mice and humans. On the basis of endothelial-specific MAP4K4 gene silencing and gene ablation experiments in Apoe(-/-) mice, we show that MAP4K4 in ECs markedly promotes Western diet-induced aortic macrophage accumulation and atherosclerotic plaque development. Treatment of Apoe(-/-) and Ldlr(-/-) mice with a selective small-molecule MAP4K4 inhibitor also markedly reduces atherosclerotic lesion area. MAP4K4 silencing in cultured ECs attenuates cell surface adhesion molecule expression while reducing nuclear localization and activity of NFκB, which is critical for promoting EC activation and atherosclerosis. Taken together, these results reveal that MAP4K4 is a key signalling node that promotes immune cell recruitment in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athanasia Skoura
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Laura V. Danai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Christian Cortes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Myriam Aouadi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Nana Hagan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Joseph C. Yawe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Pranitha Vangala
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | | | - Marcus P. Cooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Timothy P. Fitzgibbons
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Leonard Buckbinder
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael P. Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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33
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Tencerova M, Aouadi M, Vangala P, Nicoloro SM, Yawe JC, Cohen JL, Shen Y, Garcia-Menendez L, Pedersen DJ, Gallagher-Dorval K, Perugini RA, Gupta OT, Czech MP. Activated Kupffer cells inhibit insulin sensitivity in obese mice. FASEB J 2015; 29:2959-69. [PMID: 25805830 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-270496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity promotes insulin resistance associated with liver inflammation, elevated glucose production, and type 2 diabetes. Although insulin resistance is attenuated in genetic mouse models that suppress systemic inflammation, it is not clear whether local resident macrophages in liver, denoted Kupffer cells (KCs), directly contribute to this syndrome. We addressed this question by selectively silencing the expression of the master regulator of inflammation, NF-κB, in KCs in obese mice. We used glucan-encapsulated small interfering RNA particles (GeRPs) that selectively silence gene expression in macrophages in vivo. Following intravenous injections, GeRPs containing siRNA against p65 of the NF-κB complex caused loss of NF-κB p65 expression in KCs without disrupting NF-κB in hepatocytes or macrophages in other tissues. Silencing of NF-κB expression in KCs in obese mice decreased cytokine secretion and improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance without affecting hepatic lipid accumulation. Importantly, GeRPs had no detectable toxic effect. Thus, KCs are key contributors to hepatic insulin resistance in obesity and a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pranitha Vangala
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph C Yawe
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica L Cohen
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuefei Shen
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorena Garcia-Menendez
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Pedersen
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Gallagher-Dorval
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard A Perugini
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olga T Gupta
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- *Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Aouadi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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Aouadi M, Vangala P, Yawe JC, Tencerova M, Nicoloro SM, Cohen JL, Shen Y, Czech MP. Lipid storage by adipose tissue macrophages regulates systemic glucose tolerance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E374-83. [PMID: 24986598 PMCID: PMC4137117 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00187.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory pathways in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) can impair glucose tolerance in obesity, but ATMs may also be beneficial as repositories for excess lipid that adipocytes are unable to store. To test this hypothesis, we selectively targeted visceral ATMs in obese mice with siRNA against lipoprotein lipase (LPL), leaving macrophages within other organs unaffected. Selective silencing of ATM LPL decreased foam cell formation in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice, consistent with a reduced supply of fatty acids from VLDL hydrolysis. Unexpectedly, silencing LPL also decreased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid uptake (CD36) and esterification in ATMs. This deficit in fatty acid uptake capacity was associated with increased circulating serum free fatty acids. Importantly, ATM LPL silencing also caused a marked increase in circulating fatty acid-binding protein-4, an adipocyte-derived lipid chaperone previously reported to induce liver insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Consistent with this concept, obese mice with LPL-depleted ATMs exhibited higher hepatic glucose production from pyruvate and glucose intolerance. Silencing CD36 in ATMs also promoted glucose intolerance. Taken together, the data indicate that LPL secreted by ATMs enhances their ability to sequester excess lipid in obese mice, promoting systemic glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Aouadi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Pranitha Vangala
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph C Yawe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica L Cohen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Lopez O, Lehaut G, Durand D, Aouadi M. Nuclear stopping for heavy-ion induced reactions in the Fermi energy range : from 1-Body to 2-Body dissipation. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Insulin signalling is uniquely required for storing energy as fat in humans. While de novo synthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerol occurs mostly in liver, adipose tissue is the primary site for triacylglycerol storage. Insulin signalling mechanisms in adipose tissue that stimulate hydrolysis of circulating triacylglycerol, uptake of the released fatty acids and their conversion to triacylglycerol are poorly understood. New findings include (1) activation of DNA-dependent protein kinase to stimulate upstream stimulatory factor (USF)1/USF2 heterodimers, enhancing the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c); (2) stimulation of fatty acid synthase through AMP kinase modulation; (3) mobilisation of lipid droplet proteins to promote retention of triacylglycerol; and (4) upregulation of a novel carbohydrate response element binding protein β isoform that potently stimulates transcription of lipogenic enzymes. Additionally, insulin signalling through mammalian target of rapamycin to activate transcription and processing of SREBP1c described in liver may apply to adipose tissue. Paradoxically, insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes is associated with increased triacylglycerol synthesis in liver, while it is decreased in adipose tissue. This and other mysteries about insulin signalling and insulin resistance in adipose tissue make this topic especially fertile for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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38
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Guo CA, Kogan S, Amano SU, Wang M, Dagdeviren S, Friedline RH, Aouadi M, Kim JK, Czech MP. CD40 deficiency in mice exacerbates obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E951-63. [PMID: 23482447 PMCID: PMC3651645 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00514.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes in rodents and humans is characterized by low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue and liver. The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD40L initiate immune cell signaling promoting inflammation, but conflicting data on CD40L-null mice confound its role in obesity-associated insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that CD40 receptor-deficient mice on a high-fat diet display the expected decrease in hepatic cytokine levels but paradoxically exhibit liver steatosis, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance compared with their age-matched wild-type controls. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies also demonstrated insulin resistance in glucose utilization by the CD40-null mice compared with wild-type mice. In contrast to liver, adipose tissue in CD40-deficient animals harbors elevated cytokine levels and infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages and CD8(+) effector T cells. In addition, ex vivo explants of epididymal adipose tissue from CD40(-/-) mice display elevated basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis, suggesting a potential increase of lipid efflux from visceral fat to the liver. These findings reveal that 1) CD40-null mice represent an unusual model of hepatic steatosis with reduced hepatic inflammation, and 2) CD40 unexpectedly functions in adipose tissue to attenuate its inflammation in obesity, thereby protecting against hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Guo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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39
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Wang M, Amano SU, Flach RJR, Chawla A, Aouadi M, Czech MP. Identification of Map4k4 as a novel suppressor of skeletal muscle differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:678-87. [PMID: 23207904 PMCID: PMC3571342 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00618-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast differentiation into mature myotubes is a critical step in the development and repair of human skeletal muscle. Here we show that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based silencing of the Ste20-like mitogen-activated protein 4 kinase 4 (Map4k4) in C2C12 myoblasts markedly enhances expression of myogenic differentiation genes, myoblast fusion, and myotube diameter. In contrast, adenovirus-mediated expression of native Map4k4 in C2C12 cells attenuates each of these processes, indicating that Map4k4 is a negative regulator of myogenic differentiation and hypertrophy. Expression of a Map4k4 kinase-inactive mutant enhances myotube formation, suggesting that the kinase activity of Map4k4 is essential for its inhibition of muscle differentiation. Map4k4 regulation of myogenesis is unlikely to be mediated by classic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, because no significant difference in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is observed in Map4k4-silenced cells. Furthermore, silencing of these other MAPKs does not result in a hypertrophic myotube phenotype like that seen with Map4k4 depletion. Uniquely, Map4k4 silencing upregulates the expression of the myogenic regulatory factor Myf5, whose depletion inhibits myogenesis. Furthermore, Myf5 is required for enhancement of myotube formation in Map4k4-silenced cells, while Myf5 overexpression rescues Map4k4-mediated inhibition of myogenic differentiation. These results demonstrate that Map4k4 is a novel suppressor of skeletal muscle differentiation, acting through a Myf5-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Fitzgibbons TP, Kogan S, Aouadi M, Hendricks GM, Straubhaar J, Czech MP. Similarity of mouse perivascular and brown adipose tissues and their resistance to diet-induced inflammation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H1425-37. [PMID: 21765057 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00376.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a unique adipose depot that likely influences vascular function and susceptibility to pathogenesis in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Surprisingly, PVAT has been reported to share characteristics of both brown and white adipose, but a detailed direct comparison to interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) has not been performed. Here we show by full genome DNA microarray analysis that global gene expression profiles of PVAT are virtually identical to BAT, with equally high expression of Ucp-1, Cidea, and other genes known to be uniquely or very highly expressed in BAT. PVAT and BAT also displayed nearly identical phenotypes upon immunohistochemical analysis, and electron microscopy confirmed that PVAT contained multilocular lipid droplets and abundant mitochondria. Compared with white adipose tissue (WAT), PVAT and BAT from C57BL6/J mice fed a high-fat diet for 13 wk had markedly lower expression of immune cell-enriched mRNAs, suggesting resistance to obesity-induced inflammation. Indeed, staining of BAT and PVAT for macrophage markers (F4/80 and CD68) in obese mice showed virtually no macrophage infiltration, and FACS analysis of BAT confirmed the presence of very few CD11b(+)/CD11c(+) macrophages in BAT (1.0%) compared with WAT (31%). In summary, murine PVAT from the thoracic aorta is virtually identical to interscapular BAT, is resistant to diet-induced macrophage infiltration, and thus may play an important role in protecting the vascular bed from inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Fitzgibbons
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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41
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a robust gene silencing mechanism that degrades mRNAs complementary to the antisense strands of double-stranded, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). As a therapeutic strategy, RNAi has an advantage over small-molecule drugs, as virtually all genes are susceptible to targeting by siRNA molecules. This advantage is, however, counterbalanced by the daunting challenge of achieving safe, effective delivery of oligonucleotides to specific tissues in vivo. Lipid-based carriers of siRNA therapeutics can now target the liver in metabolic diseases and are being assessed in clinical trials for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. For this indication, a chemically modified oligonucleotide that targets endogenous small RNA modulators of gene expression (microRNAs) is also under investigation in clinical trials. Emerging 'self-delivery' siRNAs that are covalently linked to lipophilic moieties show promise for the future development of therapies. Besides the liver, inflammation of the adipose tissue in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus may be an attractive target for siRNA therapeutics. Administration of siRNAs encapsulated within glucan microspheres can silence genes in inflammatory phagocytic cells, as can certain lipid-based carriers of siRNA. New technologies that combine siRNA molecules with antibodies or other targeting molecules also appear encouraging. Although still at an early stage, the emergence of RNAi-based therapeutics has the potential to markedly influence our clinical future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Czech
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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42
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Huang W, Ghisletti S, Saijo K, Gandhi M, Aouadi M, Tesz GJ, Zhang DX, Yao J, Czech MP, Goode BL, Rosenfeld MG, Glass CK. Coronin 2A mediates actin-dependent de-repression of inflammatory response genes. Nature 2011; 470:414-8. [PMID: 21331046 PMCID: PMC3464905 DOI: 10.1038/nature09703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) function as initiators of inflammation through their ability to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns and products of tissue damage1,2. Transcriptional activation of many TLR-responsive genes requires an initial de-repression step in which NCoR co-repressor complexes are actively removed from target gene promoters to relieve basal repression3,4. Ligand-dependent SUMOylation of liver X receptors (LXRs) potently suppresses TLR4-induced transcription by preventing the NCoR clearance step5–7, but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here, we provide evidence that Coronin 2A (Coro2A), a component of the NCoR complex of previously unknown function8,9, mediates TLR-induced NCoR turnover by a mechanism involving interaction with oligomeric nuclear actin. SUMOylated LXRs block NCoR turnover by binding to a conserved SUMO2/3 interaction motif in Coro2A and preventing actin recruitment. Intriguingly, the LXR transrepression pathway can itself be inactivated by inflammatory signals that induce CaMKIIγ-dependent phosphorylation of LXR, leading to its deSUMOylation by the SUMO protease SENP3 and release from Coro2A. These findings reveal a Coro2A/actin-dependent mechanism for de-repression of inflammatory response genes that can be differentially regulated by phosphorylation and nuclear receptor signaling pathways that control immunity and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0651, USA
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Aouadi M, Tesz GJ, Nicoloro SM, Wang M, Chouinard M, Soto E, Ostroff GR, Czech MP. Orally delivered siRNA targeting macrophage Map4k4 suppresses systemic inflammation. Nature 2009; 458:1180-4. [PMID: 19407801 PMCID: PMC2879154 DOI: 10.1038/nature07774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing by double-stranded RNA, denoted RNA interference, represents a new paradigm for rational drug design. However, the transformative therapeutic potential of short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been stymied by a key obstacle-safe delivery to specified target cells in vivo. Macrophages are particularly attractive targets for RNA interference therapy because they promote pathogenic inflammatory responses in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes. Here we report the engineering of beta1,3-D-glucan-encapsulated siRNA particles (GeRPs) as efficient oral delivery vehicles that potently silence genes in mouse macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Oral gavage of mice with GeRPs containing as little as 20 microg kg(-1) siRNA directed against tumour necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-alpha) depleted its messenger RNA in macrophages recovered from the peritoneum, spleen, liver and lung, and lowered serum Tnf-alpha levels. Screening with GeRPs for inflammation genes revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (Map4k4) is a previously unknown mediator of cytokine expression. Importantly, silencing Map4k4 in macrophages in vivo protected mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality by inhibiting Tnf-alpha and interleukin-1beta production. This technology defines a new strategy for oral delivery of siRNA to attenuate inflammatory responses in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Aouadi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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44
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Aouadi M, Jager J, Laurent K, Gonzalez T, Cormont M, Binétruy B, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Tanti JF, Bost F. p38MAP Kinase activity is required for human primary adipocyte differentiation. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:5591-6. [PMID: 17997987 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of p38MAPK in human adipocyte differentiation. Here we showed that p38MAPK activity increases during human preadipocytes differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of p38MAPK during adipocyte differentiation of primary human preadipocytes markedly reduced triglycerides accumulation and adipocyte markers expression. Cell cycle arrest or proliferation was not affected by p38MAPK inhibition. Although induction of C/EBPbeta was not altered by the p38MAPK inhibitor, its phosphorylation on Threonine(188) was decreased as well as PPARgamma expression. These results indicate that p38MAPK plays a positive role in human adipogenesis through regulation of C/EBPbeta and PPARgamma factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aouadi
- INSERM, U 568, IFR50, F-06107, Nice, France.
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Puri V, Konda S, Ranjit S, Aouadi M, Chawla A, Chouinard M, Chakladar A, Czech MP. Fat-specific protein 27, a novel lipid droplet protein that enhances triglyceride storage. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:34213-8. [PMID: 17884815 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707404200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat-specific protein (FSP)27/Cidec is most highly expressed in white and brown adipose tissues and increases in abundance by over 50-fold during adipogenesis. However, its function in adipocytes has remained elusive since its discovery over 15 years ago. Here we demonstrate that FSP27/Cidec localizes to lipid droplets in cultured adipocytes and functions to promote lipid accumulation. Ectopically expressed FSP27-GFP surrounds lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and colocalizes with the known lipid droplet protein perilipin. Immunostaining of endogenous FSP27 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes also confirmed its presence on lipid droplets. FSP27-GFP expression also markedly increases lipid droplet size and enhances accumulation of total neutral lipids in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes as well as other cell types such as COS cells. Conversely, RNA interference-based FSP27/Cidec depletion in mature adipocytes significantly stimulates lipolysis and reduces the size of lipid droplets. These data reveal FSP27/Cidec as a novel adipocyte lipid droplet protein that negatively regulates lipolysis and promotes triglyceride accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajeet Puri
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Binétruy B, Heasley L, Bost F, Caron L, Aouadi M. Concise Review: Regulation of Embryonic Stem Cell Lineage Commitment by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases. Stem Cells 2007; 25:1090-5. [PMID: 17218395 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells can give rise, in vivo, to the ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal germ layers and, in vitro, can differentiate into multiple cell lineages, offering broad perspectives in regenerative medicine. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing ES cell commitment is an essential challenge in this field. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38MAPK are able to regulate ES commitment from early steps of the process to mature differentiated cells. Whereas the ERK pathway inhibits the self-renewal of ES cells, upon commitment this pathway is involved in the development of extraembryonic tissues, in early mesoderm differentiation, and in the formation of mature adipocytes; p38MAPK displays a large spectrum of action from neurons to adipocytes, and JNK is involved in both ectoderm and primitive endoderm differentiations. Furthermore, for a given pathway, several of these effects are isoform-dependent, revealing the complexity of the cellular response to activation of MAPK pathways. Regarding tissue regeneration, the potential outcome of systematic analysis of the function of different MAPKs in different ES cell differentiation programs is discussed. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Binétruy
- INSERM, U626, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd J Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
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Prot M, Heripret L, Cardot-Leccia N, Perrin C, Aouadi M, Lavrut T, Garraffo R, Dellamonica P, Durant J, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Binétruy B. Long-term treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir induces a reduction in peripheral adipose depots in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:3998-4004. [PMID: 17000748 PMCID: PMC1693995 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00625-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients is associated with adverse effects, such as lipodystrophy and hyperlipidemia. The lipodystrophic syndrome is characterized by a peripheral lipoatrophy and/or fat accumulation in the abdomen and neck. In order to get insights into the physiopathological mechanisms underlying this syndrome, we treated mice with protease inhibitors (PIs) over a long period of time. Although atazanavir-treated mice presented the same circulating triglyceride concentration as control mice, lopinavir-ritonavir-treated mice rapidly became hypertriglyceridemic, with triglyceride levels of 200 mg/dl, whereas control and atazanavir-treated animals had triglyceride levels of 80 mg/dl. These results obtained with mice reproduce the metabolic disorder observed in humans. White adipose tissue (WAT) was analyzed after 8 weeks of treatment. Compared to the control or atazanavir treatment, lopinavir-ritonavir treatment induced a significant 25% weight reduction in the peripheral inguinal WAT depot. By contrast, the profound epididymal WAT depot was not affected. This effect was associated with a 5.5-fold increase in SREBP-1c gene expression only in the inguinal depot. Our results demonstrate that the long-term treatment of mice with PIs constitutes an interesting experimental model with which some aspects of the lipoatrophy induced by HAART in humans may be studied.
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Aouadi M, Binetruy B, Caron L, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Bost F. Role of MAPKs in development and differentiation: lessons from knockout mice. Biochimie 2006; 88:1091-8. [PMID: 16854512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ERK, p38MAPK, JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are intracellular signaling pathways that play a pivotal role in many essential cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation. These cascades are activated by a large variety of stimuli and display a high degree of homology. So far, seven MAPK isoforms have been invalidated in mice leading to the discovery of their important functions in development and differentiation. As we could expect because of their multiple and specific properties in vitro, knockout (KO) of MAPK pathways leads to distinct phenotypes in mice. Surprisingly, into a given cascade, KOs of the various isoforms assign specific non-redundant biological functions to each isoform, without compensation by the others. These results emphasize the notion that, although initiated by the same external stimuli, these intracellular cascades activate kinase isoforms each with its own specific role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aouadi
- Inserm U568, faculté de médecine, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex, France
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Aouadi M, Bost F, Caron L, Laurent K, Le Marchand Brustel Y, Binétruy B. p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity Commits Embryonic Stem Cells to Either Neurogenesis or Cardiomyogenesis. Stem Cells 2006; 24:1399-406. [PMID: 16424397 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells can be differentiated, in vitro into a variety of cell types including cardiac cells and neurons. This process is strictly controlled by the potent morphogen retinoic acid (RA). At a concentration of 10(-7) M, RA induces ES cell differentiation into neurons and, conversely, inhibits cardiomyogenesis. We found that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activity peaked spontaneously, between day 3 and day 5, during ES cell differentiation and that RA completely inhibited this peak of activity. In contrast to wild-type cells, which required RA treatment, p38alpha(-/-) ES cells differentiated spontaneously into neurons and did not form cardiomyocytes. Moreover, inhibition of the peak of p38MAPK activity by a specific inhibitor, PD169316, committed ES cells into the neuronal lineage and blocked cardiomyogenesis. By genetic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that, in two different ES cell lines, the control of p38MAPK activity constitutes an early switch, committing ES cells into either neurogenesis (p38 off) or cardiomyogenesis (p38 on).
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Aouadi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U568, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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50
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Abstract
Formation of new adipocytes from precursor cells contributes to adipose tissue expansion and obesity. In this study, we asked whether p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway regulates normal and pathological adipogenesis. In both dietary and genetically (ob/ob) obese mice, adipose tissues displayed a marked decrease in p38MAPK activity compared with the same tissues from lean mice. Furthermore, p38MAPK activity was significantly higher in preadipocytes than in adipocytes, suggesting that p38MAPK activity decreases during adipocyte differentiation. In agreement with an inhibitory role of p38MAPK in this process, we found that in vitro inhibition of p38MAPK, with the specific inhibitor PD169316, increased the expression of adipocyte markers in several cellular models, from embryonic to adult stages. Importantly, the expression of adipocyte markers was higher in p38MAPKalpha knockout cells than in their wild-type counterparts. Phosphorylation of C/EBPbeta, which enhances its transcriptional activity, is increased after p38MAPK inhibition. Finally, either inhibition or disruption of p38MAPK increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma expression and transactivation. Rescue of p38MAPK in knockout cells reduced PPARgamma activity to the low basal level of wild-type cells. We demonstrate here, by using multipronged approaches involving p38 chemical inhibitor and p38MAPKalpha knockout cells, that p38MAPK plays a negative role in adipogenesis via inhibition of C/EBPbeta and PPARgamma transcriptional activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Aouadi
- Institut National de la Santé et de al Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U568, Nice, France
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