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Muller C, Lacroix-Malgras V, Kluza J, Laine W, Güler Y, Bost F, Boisbrun M, Mazerbourg S, Flament S. The troglitazone derivative EP13 disrupts energy metabolism through respiratory chain complex I inhibition in breast cancer cells and potentiates the antiproliferative effect of glycolysis inhibitntriors. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:132. [PMID: 38594745 PMCID: PMC11005237 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolism of cancer cells generally differs from that of normal cells. Indeed, most cancer cells have a high rate of glycolysis, even at normal oxygen concentrations. These metabolic properties can potentially be exploited for therapeutic intervention. In this context, we have developed troglitazone derivatives to treat hormone-sensitive and triple-negative breast cancers, which currently lack therapeutic targets, have an aggressive phenotype, and often have a worse prognosis than other subtypes. Here, we studied the metabolic impact of the EP13 compound, a desulfured derivative of Δ2-troglitazone that we synthetized and is more potent than its parent compounds. METHODS EP13 was tested on two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T, and on the luminal cell line MCF-7. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of the treated cell lines, Hs578T mammospheres and isolated mitochondria was measured using the XFe24 Seahorse analyser. ROS production was quantified using the MitoSOX fluorescent probe. Glycolytic activity was evaluated through measurement of the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), glucose consumption and lactate production in extracellular medium. The synergistic effect of EP13 with glycolysis inhibitors (oxamate and 2-deoxyglucose) on cell cytotoxicity was established using the Chou-Talalay method. RESULTS After exposure to EP13, we observed a decrease in the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells. EP13 also modified the maximal OCR of Hs578T spheroids. EP13 reduced the OCR through inhibition of respiratory chain complex I. After 24 h, ATP levels in EP13-treated cells were not altered compared with those in untreated cells, suggesting compensation by glycolysis activity, as shown by the increase in ECAR, the glucose consumption and lactate production. Finally, we performed co-treatments with EP13 and glycolysis inhibitors (oxamate and 2-DG) and observed that EP13 potentiated their cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that EP13 inhibits OXPHOS in breast cancer cells and potentiates the effect of glycolysis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Muller
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Jérôme Kluza
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pour la Recherche Sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR 9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - William Laine
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pour la Recherche Sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR 9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Yonca Güler
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Inserm U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team Cancer Metabolism, Environment, F-06200, Nice, France
| | | | - Sabine Mazerbourg
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000, Nancy, France.
- CRAN, UMR 7039, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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2
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Pujalte-Martin M, Belaïd A, Bost S, Kahi M, Peraldi P, Rouleau M, Mazure NM, Bost F. Targeting cancer and immune cell metabolism with the complex I inhibitors metformin and IACS-010759. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38214418 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin and IACS-010759 are two distinct antimetabolic agents. Metformin, an established antidiabetic drug, mildly inhibits mitochondrial complex I, while IACS-010759 is a new potent mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. Mitochondria is pivotal in the energy metabolism of cells by providing adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Hence, mitochondrial metabolism and OXPHOS become a vulnerability when targeted in cancer cells. Both drugs have promising antitumoral effects in diverse cancers, supported by preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies. We present evidence of their direct impact on cancer cells and their immunomodulatory effects. In clinical studies, while observational epidemiologic studies on metformin were encouraging, actual trial results were not as expected. However, IACS-01075 exhibited major adverse effects, thereby causing a metabolic shift to glycolysis and elevated lactic acid concentrations. Therefore, the future outlook for these two drugs depends on preventive clinical trials for metformin and investigations into the plausible toxic effects on normal cells for IACS-01075.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pujalte-Martin
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Amine Belaïd
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Simon Bost
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Michel Kahi
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Pascal Peraldi
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Matthieu Rouleau
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Nice, France
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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3
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Dos Santos L, Carbone F, Pacreau E, Diarra S, Luka M, Pigat N, Baures M, Navarro E, Anract J, Barry Delongchamps N, Cagnard N, Bost F, Nemazanyy I, Petitjean O, Hamaï A, Ménager M, Palea S, Guidotti JE, Goffin V. Cell Plasticity in a Mouse Model of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Drives Amplification of Androgen-Independent Epithelial Cell Populations Sensitive to Antioxidant Therapy. Am J Pathol 2024; 194:30-51. [PMID: 37827216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is caused by the nonmalignant enlargement of the transition zone of the prostate gland, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms. Although current medical treatments are unsatisfactory in many patients, the limited understanding of the mechanisms driving disease progression prevents the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. The probasin-prolactin (Pb-PRL) transgenic mouse recapitulates many histopathological features of human BPH. Herein, these alterations parallel urodynamic disturbance reminiscent of lower urinary tract symptoms. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of Pb-PRL mouse prostates revealed that their epithelium mainly includes low-androgen signaling cell populations analogous to Club/Hillock cells enriched in the aged human prostate. These intermediate cells are predicted to result from the reprogramming of androgen-dependent luminal cells. Pb-PRL mouse prostates exhibited increased vulnerability to oxidative stress due to reduction of antioxidant enzyme expression. One-month treatment of Pb-PRL mice with anethole trithione (ATT), a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ROS production, reduced prostate weight and voiding frequency. In human BPH-1 epithelial cells, ATT decreased mitochondrial metabolism, cell proliferation, and stemness features. ATT prevented the growth of organoids generated by sorted Pb-PRL basal and LSCmed cells, the two major BPH-associated, androgen-independent epithelial cell compartments. Taken together, these results support cell plasticity as a driver of BPH progression and therapeutic resistance to androgen signaling inhibition, and identify antioxidant therapy as a promising treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Dos Santos
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Carbone
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Emeline Pacreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Sekou Diarra
- Humana Biosciences SAS, Prologue Biotech, Labège, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France; Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Manon Baures
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Navarro
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Julien Anract
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France; Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Barry Delongchamps
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France; Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Bioinformatics Core Platform, Université Paris Cité, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- C3M, INSERM U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Université de Paris-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris, France
| | | | - Ahmed Hamaï
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Ménager
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Palea
- Humana Biosciences SAS, Prologue Biotech, Labège, France
| | - Jacques-Emmanuel Guidotti
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France.
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4
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Proteau S, Krossa I, Husser C, Guéguinou M, Sella F, Bille K, Irondelle M, Dalmasso M, Barouillet T, Cheli Y, Pisibon C, Arrighi N, Nahon‐Estève S, Martel A, Gastaud L, Lassalle S, Mignen O, Brest P, Mazure NM, Bost F, Baillif S, Landreville S, Turcotte S, Hasson D, Carcamo S, Vandier C, Bernstein E, Yvan‐Charvet L, Levesque MP, Ballotti R, Bertolotto C, Strub T. LKB1-SIK2 loss drives uveal melanoma proliferation and hypersensitivity to SLC8A1 and ROS inhibition. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17719. [PMID: 37966164 PMCID: PMC10701601 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic uveal melanomas are highly resistant to all existing treatments. To address this critical issue, we performed a kinome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen, which revealed the LKB1-SIK2 module in restraining uveal melanoma tumorigenesis. Functionally, LKB1 loss enhances proliferation and survival through SIK2 inhibition and upregulation of the sodium/calcium (Na+ /Ca2+ ) exchanger SLC8A1. This signaling cascade promotes increased levels of intracellular calcium and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, two hallmarks of cancer. We further demonstrate that combination of an SLC8A1 inhibitor and a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant promotes enhanced cell death efficacy in LKB1- and SIK2-negative uveal melanoma cells compared to control cells. Our study also identified an LKB1-loss gene signature for the survival prognostic of patients with uveal melanoma that may be also predictive of response to the therapy combination. Our data thus identify not only metabolic vulnerabilities but also new prognostic markers, thereby providing a therapeutic strategy for particular subtypes of metastatic uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Proteau
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020, and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Imène Krossa
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020, and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Chrystel Husser
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020, and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | | | - Federica Sella
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Karine Bille
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020, and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | | | - Mélanie Dalmasso
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020, and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Thibault Barouillet
- Inserm, Hematometabolism and metainflammation, team 13, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Yann Cheli
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020, and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Céline Pisibon
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020, and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Nicole Arrighi
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020, and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Sacha Nahon‐Estève
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Department of OphthalmologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire of NiceNiceFrance
| | - Arnaud Martel
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Department of OphthalmologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire of NiceNiceFrance
| | | | - Sandra Lassalle
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Nice, FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, Biobank BB‐0033‐00025, IRCAN team 4, OncoAge FHUNiceFrance
| | | | - Patrick Brest
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- IRCAN team 4, Inserm, CNRS, FHU‐oncoAge, IHU‐RESPIRera NiceNiceFrance
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Cancer, Metabolism and environment, team, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Frédéric Bost
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Cancer, Metabolism and environment, team, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Stéphanie Baillif
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Department of OphthalmologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire of NiceNiceFrance
| | - Solange Landreville
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL‐CCF, Faculté de médecineUniversité LavalQuebec CityQCCanada
- CUO‐Recherche and Axe médecine régénératriceCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec‐Université LavalQuebec CityQCCanada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuebec CityQCCanada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEXQuebec CityQCCanada
| | - Simon Turcotte
- Cancer AxisCentre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/Institut du cancer de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation ServiceCentre hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Dan Hasson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Tisch Cancer Institute Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) FacilityIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Saul Carcamo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Tisch Cancer Institute Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) FacilityIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Emily Bernstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Laurent Yvan‐Charvet
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Hematometabolism and metainflammation, team 13, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Robert Ballotti
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020, and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020, and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
| | - Thomas Strub
- University Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020, and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Mediterranean Centre for Molecular MedicineNiceFrance
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5
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Contenti J, Guo Y, Mazzu A, Irondelle M, Rouleau M, Lago C, Leva G, Tiberi L, Ben-Sahra I, Bost F, Mazure NM. The mitochondrial NADH shuttle system is a targetable vulnerability for Group 3 medulloblastoma in a hypoxic microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:784. [PMID: 38036520 PMCID: PMC10689432 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a cancerous brain tumor that affects mostly children. Among the four groups defined by molecular characteristics, Group 3, the least well characterized, is also the least favorable, with a survival rate of 50%. Current treatments, based on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are not adequate and the lack of understanding of the different molecular features of Group 3 tumor cells makes the development of effective therapies challenging. In this study, the problem of medulloblastoma is approached from a metabolic standpoint in a low oxygen microenvironment. We establish that Group 3 cells use both the mitochondrial glycerol-3 phosphate (G3PS) and malate-aspartate shuttles (MAS) to produce NADH. Small molecules that target G3PS and MAS show a greater ability to decrease cell proliferation and induce apoptosis specifically of Group 3 cells. In addition, as Group 3 cells show improved respiration in hypoxia, the use of Phenformin, a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor, alone or in combination, induced significant cell death. Furthermore, inhibition of the cytosolic NAD+ recycling enzyme lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), enhanced the effects of the NADH shuttle inhibitors. In a 3D model using Group 3 human cerebellar organoids, tumor cells also underwent apoptosis upon treatment with NADH shuttle inhibitors. Our study demonstrates metabolic heterogeneity depending on oxygen concentrations and provides potential therapeutic solutions for patients in Group 3 whose tumors are the most aggressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Contenti
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, CEDEX 03, 06204, Nice, France.
- Pasteur II Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Center, 30 voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France.
| | - Y Guo
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, CEDEX 03, 06204, Nice, France
| | - A Mazzu
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, CEDEX 03, 06204, Nice, France
| | - M Irondelle
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, CEDEX 03, 06204, Nice, France
| | - M Rouleau
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire - LP2M, CNRS-UMR 7370, Faculty of Medicine, 28 ave de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 02, France
| | - C Lago
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biollogy - CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - G Leva
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biollogy - CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - L Tiberi
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biollogy - CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - I Ben-Sahra
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - F Bost
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, CEDEX 03, 06204, Nice, France
| | - N M Mazure
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, CEDEX 03, 06204, Nice, France.
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6
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Contenti J, Guo Y, Larcher M, Mirabal-Ortega L, Rouleau M, Irondelle M, Tiroille V, Mazzu A, Duranton-Tanneur V, Pedeutour F, Ben-Sahra I, Lago C, Leva G, Tiberi L, Robert G, Pouponnot C, Bost F, Mazure NM. HIF-1 inactivation empowers HIF-2 to drive hypoxia adaptation in aggressive forms of medulloblastoma. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.17.562750. [PMID: 37905067 PMCID: PMC10614856 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.562750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most prevalent brain cancer in children. Four subgroups of MB have been identified; of these, Group 3 is the most metastatic. Its genetics and biology remain less clear than the other groups, and it has a poor prognosis and few effective treatments available. Tumor hypoxia and the resulting metabolism are known to be important in the growth and survival of tumors but, to date, have been only minimally explored in MB. Here we show that Group 3 MB tumors do not depend on the canonical transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) to mount an adaptive response to hypoxia. We discovered that HIF-1α is rendered inactive either through post-translational methylation, preventing its nuclear localization specifically in Group 3 MB, or by a low expression that prevents modulation of HIF-target genes. Strikingly, we found that HIF-2 takes over the role of HIF-1 in the nucleus and promotes the activation of hypoxia-dependent anabolic pathways. The exclusion of HIF-1 from the nucleus in Group 3 MB cells enhances the reliance on HIF-2's transcriptional role, making it a viable target for potential anticancer strategies. By combining pharmacological inhibition of HIF-2α with the use of metformin, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor to block respiration, we effectively induced Group 3 MB cell death, surpassing the effectiveness observed in Non-Group 3 MB cells. Overall, the unique dependence of MB cells, but not normal cells, on HIF-2-mediated anabolic metabolism presents an appealing therapeutic opportunity for treating Group 3 MB patients with minimal toxicity.
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7
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Tiroille V, Krug A, Bokobza E, Kahi M, Bulcaen M, Ensinck MM, Geurts MH, Hendriks D, Vermeulen F, Larbret F, Gutierrez-Guerrero A, Chen Y, Van Zundert I, Rocha S, Rios AC, Medaer L, Gijsbers R, Mangeot PE, Clevers H, Carlon MS, Bost F, Verhoeyen E. Nanoblades allow high-level genome editing in murine and human organoids. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 33:57-74. [PMID: 37435135 PMCID: PMC10331042 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Genome engineering has become more accessible thanks to the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system. However, using this technology in synthetic organs called "organoids" is still very inefficient. This is due to the delivery methods for the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery, which include electroporation of CRISPR-Cas9 DNA, mRNA, or ribonucleoproteins containing the Cas9-gRNA complex. However, these procedures are quite toxic for the organoids. Here, we describe the use of the "nanoblade (NB)" technology, which outperformed by far gene-editing levels achieved to date for murine- and human tissue-derived organoids. We reached up to 75% of reporter gene knockout in organoids after treatment with NBs. Indeed, high-level NB-mediated knockout for the androgen receptor encoding gene and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene was achieved with single gRNA or dual gRNA containing NBs in murine prostate and colon organoids. Likewise, NBs achieved 20%-50% gene editing in human organoids. Most importantly, in contrast to other gene-editing methods, this was obtained without toxicity for the organoids. Only 4 weeks are required to obtain stable gene knockout in organoids and NBs simplify and allow rapid genome editing in organoids with little to no side effects including unwanted insertion/deletions in off-target sites thanks to transient Cas9/RNP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tiroille
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue National Contre le Cancer, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Krug
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Emma Bokobza
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue National Contre le Cancer, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Kahi
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue National Contre le Cancer, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mattijs Bulcaen
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjolein M. Ensinck
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten H. Geurts
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Delilah Hendriks
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Alejandra Gutierrez-Guerrero
- CIRI – International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Indra Van Zundert
- Synthetic Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Rocha
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Anne C. Rios
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Louise Medaer
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E. Mangeot
- CIRI – International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue National Contre le Cancer, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
- CIRI – International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
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8
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Buñay J, Kossai M, Damon-Soubeyrant C, De Haze A, Saru JP, Trousson A, de Joussineau C, Bouchareb E, Kocer A, Vialat M, Dallel S, Degoul F, Bost F, Clavel S, Penault-Llorca F, Valli MP, Guy L, Matthews J, Renaud Y, Ittmann M, Jones J, Morel L, Lobaccaro JM, Baron S. Persistent organic pollutants promote aggressiveness in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:2854-2867. [PMID: 37587334 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points towards a causal link between exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with increased incidence and aggressivity of various cancers. Among these POPs, dioxin and PCB-153 are widely found in our environment and represent a significant source of contamination. Dioxin exposure has already been linked to cancer such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but remains to be more extensively investigated in other cancers. Potential implications of dioxin and PCB-153 in prostate cancer progression spurred us to challenge both ex vivo and in vivo models with low doses of these POPs. We found that dioxin or PCB-153 exposure increased hallmarks of growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells ex vivo and in grafted NOD-SCID mice. Exposure induced histopathological carcinoma-like patterns in the Ptenpc-/- mice. We identified up-regulation of Acetyl-CoA Acetyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) involved in ketone bodies pathway as a potential target. Mechanistically, genetic inhibition confirmed that ACAT1 mediated dioxin effect on cell migration. Using public prostate cancer datasets, we confirmed the deregulation of ACAT1 and associated gene encoded ketone bodies pathway enzymes such as OXCT1, BDH1 and HMGCL in advanced prostate cancer. To further explore this link between dioxin and ACAT1 deregulation, we analyzed a unique prostate-tumour tissue collection from the USA veterans exposed to agent orange, known to be highly contaminated by dioxin because of industrial production. We found that ACAT1 histoscore is significantly increased in exposed patients. Our studies reveal the implication of dioxin and PCB-153 to induce a prometastatic programme in prostate tumours and identify ACAT1 deregulation as a key event in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Buñay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Myriam Kossai
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre Jean Perrin, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Damon-Soubeyrant
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angélique De Haze
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Saru
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Erwan Bouchareb
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Vialat
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sarah Dallel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Degoul
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 2022, F-06204, Nice, France
| | - Stephan Clavel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre Jean Perrin, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Valli
- Service d'Urologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, UMR1240 INSERM, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Guy
- Service d'Urologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, UMR1240 INSERM, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Jason Matthews
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yoan Renaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, and Michael E. DeBakey VAMC Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey Jones
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Operative Care Line, Urology Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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9
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Contenti J, Bost F, Mazure NM. [Medulloblastoma: The latest major advances]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:412-423. [PMID: 36822958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant brain tumor that mainly affects children. It is rarely found in adults. Among the four groups of MB defined today according to molecular characteristics, group 3 is the least favorable with an overall survival rate of 50 %. Current treatments, based on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are not sufficiently adapted to the different characteristics of the four MB groups. However, the use of new cellular and animal models has opened new doors to interesting therapeutic avenues. In this review, we detail recent advances in MB research, with a focus on the genes and pathways that drive tumorigenesis, with particular emphasis on the animal models that have been developed to study tumor biology, as well as advances in new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Contenti
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Inserm U1065, 151, route de Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice cedex 03, France; CHU de Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Inserm U1065, 151, route de Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice cedex 03, France
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Inserm U1065, 151, route de Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice cedex 03, France.
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10
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Abdel Hadi N, Boet E, Lahalle A, Lauture L, Refeyton A, Reyes-Castellanos G, Caplet N, Carrier A, Le Cam L, Mazure NM, Ricci JE, Rocchi S, Sarry JE, Vasseur S, Vlaski-Lafarge M, Rossignol R, Bost F. Meeting report of the 4th biennial Metabolism and Cancer symposium. FEBS J 2021; 289:5516-5526. [PMID: 34817127 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 4th International meeting Metabolism and Cancer initially programed to take place in Bordeaux (France) was held virtually on May 27-29, 2021. The three-day event was followed by around 600 participants daily from 47 countries around the world. The meeting hosted 21 speakers including selected talks and a keynote lecture from the Nobel Prize winner Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe (Oxford, UK). Presentations and discussions were divided in four scientific sessions: (a) Redox and energy metabolism (b) Redox and hypoxia (c) Metabolic profiling and epigenetic control and (d) Signalling, fuelling and metabolism in cancer and a general public session on cancer and nutrition. This report summarises the presentations and outcomes of the 4th annual Metabolism and Cancer symposium. We provide here a summary of the scientific highlights of this exciting meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Abdel Hadi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Unité 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Emeline Boet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Airelle Lahalle
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laura Lauture
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Refeyton
- Département de Recherche, Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Unité 1035 Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabriela Reyes-Castellanos
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Unité 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Caplet
- BRIO (Bordeaux Recherche Intégrée en Oncologie), Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Carrier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Unité 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Le Cam
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- INSERM U1065, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM U1065, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Nice, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Vasseur
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Unité 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Marija Vlaski-Lafarge
- Département de Recherche, Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Unité 1035 Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Frédéric Bost
- INSERM U1065, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Nice, France
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11
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Pujalte Martin M, Borchiellini D, Thamphya B, Guillot A, Paoli JB, Besson D, Hilgers W, Priou F, El Kouri C, Hoch B, Deville JL, Schiappa R, Cheli S, Milano G, Tanti JF, Bost F, Ferrero JM. TAXOMET: A French Prospective Multicentric Randomized Phase II Study of Docetaxel Plus Metformin Versus Docetaxel Plus Placebo in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 19:501-509. [PMID: 34629300 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docetaxel (DOCE) is a standard of care in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Several retrospective studies suggested a decrease in Prostate Cancer incidence and mortality with metformin (MET). MET has also demonstrated anti-tumor activity in Prostate Cancer preclinical models, with increased apoptosis when added to DOCE. We aimed at exploring the role of MET in combination with DOCE in mCRPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Non-diabetic mCRPC patients were randomly assigned to receive DOCE 75 mg/m2 every 21 days + prednisone (5 mg. BID) with either MET 850 mg BID (D+M) or placebo (D+P) up to 10 cycles. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) response ≥50% from baseline was the primary end point. Secondary end points included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), toxicity and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS Out of 99 patients were randomized (D+M = 50; D+P = 49) in 10 French centers. The median follow-up was 86 (IQR 73-88) months. The PSA-response rate reached 66% in the D+M arm, but was not different from that observed in the D+P arm (63%, P = 0,94). In the D+M and D+P arms, the ORR was 28% and 24%, the median PFS was 7.8 and 6.0 months and the median OS was 27 and 20 months (ns), respectively. Diarrhea grade I to II was more frequent in the MET arm (66% vs. 43%). No impairment of QoL was observed. CONCLUSION MET addition failed to improve the standard DOCE regimen in mCRPC. Further research targeting tumor cell metabolism should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pujalte Martin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - Delphine Borchiellini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Brice Thamphya
- Research Departement, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics Unit, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Aline Guillot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | | | - Dominique Besson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Cario-HPCA, Plérin, France
| | - Werner Hilgers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sainte Catherine Cancer Institute, Avignon Provence, France
| | - Frank Priou
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHD Vendée, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Claude El Kouri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Catherine de Sienne, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Hoch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Azuréen de Cancérologie, Mougins
| | | | - Renaud Schiappa
- Research Departement, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics Unit, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Sandrine Cheli
- Clinical Research and Innovation Department, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Gérard Milano
- Oncopharmacology Unit, EA3836, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | - Frédéric Bost
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ferrero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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12
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Sadaghianloo N, Contenti J, Declemy S, Ambrosetti D, Zdralevic M, Tannour-Louet M, Fabbri L, Pagès G, Bost F, Hassen-Khodja R, Pouysségur J, Jean-Baptiste E, Dardik A, Mazure NM. Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors promote the development of neointimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistula. J Physiol 2021; 599:2299-2321. [PMID: 33608879 DOI: 10.1113/jp281218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Patients with end-stage renal failure need arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) to undergo dialysis. However, AVFs present a high rate of failure as a result of excessive venous thickness. Excessive venous thickness may be a consequence of surgical dissection and change in oxygen concentration within the venous wall. We show that venous cells adapt their metabolism and growth depending on oxygen concentration, and drugs targeting the hypoxic response pathway modulate this response in vitro. We used the same drugs on a mouse model of AVF and show that direct or indirect inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) help decrease excessive venous thickness. Hypoxia and HIFs can be targets of therapeutic drugs to prevent excessive venous thickness in patients undergoing AVF surgical creation. ABSTRACT Because the oxygen concentration changes in the venous wall, surrounding tissue and the blood during surgical creation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF), we hypothesized that hypoxia could contribute to AVF failure as a result of neointimal hyperplasia. We postulated that modulation of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) with pharmacological compounds could promote AVF maturation. Fibroblasts [normal human fibroblasts (NHF)], smooth muscle cells [human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMC)] and endothelial cells [human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)], representing the three layers of the venous wall, were tested in vitro for proliferation, cell death, metabolism, reactive oxygen species production and migration after silencing of HIF1/2-α or after treatment with deferioxamine (DFO), everolimus (Eve), metformin (Met), N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and topoisomerase I (TOPO), which modulate HIF-α stability or activity. Compounds that were considered to most probably modify intimal hyperplasia were applied locally to the vessels in a mouse model of aortocaval fistula. We showed, in vitro, that NHF and HUVSMC can adapt their metabolism and thus their growth depending on oxygen concentration, whereas HUVEC appears to be less flexible. siHIF1/2α, DFO, Eve, Met, NAC and TOPO can modulate metabolism and proliferation depending on the cell type and the oxygen concentration. In vivo, siHIF1/2α, Eve and TOPO decreased neointimal hyperplasia by 32%-50%, 7 days after treatment. Within the vascular wall, hypoxia and HIF-1/2 mediate early failure of AVF. Local delivery of drugs targeting HIF-1/2 could inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in a mouse model of AVF. Such compounds may be delivered during the surgical procedure for AVF creation to prevent early AVF failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirvana Sadaghianloo
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Julie Contenti
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Serge Declemy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Masa Zdralevic
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Krusevac bb, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Mounia Tannour-Louet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Nice, France
| | - Lucilla Fabbri
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France.,Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Nice, France
| | - Réda Hassen-Khodja
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Nice, France.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France.,Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - Elixène Jean-Baptiste
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Nice, France.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Alan Dardik
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, Department of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
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13
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Bokobza E, Hinault C, Tiroille V, Clavel S, Bost F, Chevalier N. The Adipose Tissue at the Crosstalk Between EDCs and Cancer Development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:691658. [PMID: 34354670 PMCID: PMC8329539 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.691658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern at the origin of many pathologies, including cancers. Among them, the incidence of gastro-intestinal tract cancers is significantly increased, as well as the one of hormone-dependent cancers. The metabolic changes caused by overweight mainly with the development of adipose tissue (AT), insulin resistance and chronic inflammation induce hormonal and/or growth factor imbalances, which impact cell proliferation and differentiation. AT is now considered as the main internal source of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) representing a low level systemic chronic exposure. Some EDCs are non-metabolizable and can accumulate in AT for a long time. We are chronically exposed to low doses of EDCs able to interfere with the endocrine metabolism of the body. Importantly, several EDCs have been involved in the genesis of obesity affecting profoundly the physiology of AT. In parallel, EDCs have been implicated in the development of cancers, in particular hormone-dependent cancers (prostate, testis, breast, endometrium, thyroid). While it is now well established that AT secretes adipocytokines that promote tumor progression, it is less clear whether they can initiate cancer. Therefore, it is important to better understand the effects of EDCs, and to investigate the buffering effect of AT in the context of progression but also initiation of cancer cells using adequate models recommended to uncover and validate these mechanisms for humans. We will review and argument here the potential role of AT as a crosstalk between EDCs and hormone-dependent cancer development, and how to assess it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bokobza
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Charlotte Hinault
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Bost
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Chevalier, ;
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14
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Cambien B, Lebrigand K, Baeri A, Nottet N, Compin C, Lamit A, Ferraris O, Peyrefitte CN, Magnone V, Henriques J, Zaragosi LE, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Bost F, Gautier-Isola M, Rezzonico R, Barbry P, Barthel R, Mari B, Vassaux G. Identification of oncolytic vaccinia restriction factors in canine high-grade mammary tumor cells using single-cell transcriptomics. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008660. [PMID: 33075093 PMCID: PMC7595618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary carcinoma, including triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) are tumor-types for which human and canine pathologies are closely related at the molecular level. The efficacy of an oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) was compared in low-passage primary carcinoma cells from TNBC versus non-TNBC. Non-TNBC cells were 28 fold more sensitive to VV than TNBC cells in which VV replication is impaired. Single-cell RNA-seq performed on two different TNBC cell samples, infected or not with VV, highlighted three distinct populations: naïve cells, bystander cells, defined as cells exposed to the virus but not infected and infected cells. The transcriptomes of these three populations showed striking variations in the modulation of pathways regulated by cytokines and growth factors. We hypothesized that the pool of genes expressed in the bystander populations was enriched in antiviral genes. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that the reduced activity of the virus was associated with a higher mesenchymal status of the cells. In addition, we demonstrated experimentally that high expression of one gene, DDIT4, is detrimental to VV production. Considering that DDIT4 is associated with a poor prognosis in various cancers including TNBC, our data highlight DDIT4 as a candidate resistance marker for oncolytic poxvirus therapy. This information could be used to design new generations of oncolytic poxviruses. Beyond the field of gene therapy, this study demonstrates that single-cell transcriptomics can be used to identify cellular factors influencing viral replication. The identification of cellular genes influencing viral replication/propagation has been studied using hypothesis-driven approaches and/or high-throughput RNA interference screens. In the present report, we propose a methodology based on single-cell transcriptomics. We have studied, in the context of oncolytic virotherapy, the susceptibility of different grades of primary low-passage mammary carcinoma cells of canine origin to an oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV). We highlight a fault in replication of VV in cells that originated from high-grade triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBC). Single-cell RNA-seq performed on TNBC cell samples infected with VV suggested that the reduced activity of the virus was associated with a higher mesenchymal status of the cells. We also demonstrate that high expression of one gene, DDIT4, is detrimental to VV production. Considering that DDIT4 is associated with a poor prognosis in various cancers including TNBC, our data highlight DDIT4 as a candidate resistance marker for oncolytic poxvirus therapy. Beyond the field of cancer gene therapy, we demonstrate here that single-cell transcriptomics increases the arsenal of tools available to identify cellular factors influencing viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Lebrigand
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | - Alberto Baeri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | - Nicolas Nottet
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Audrey Lamit
- Université Côte d'Azur, CEA, Laboratoire TIRO, Nice France
| | - Olivier Ferraris
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Virginie Magnone
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roger Rezzonico
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Pascal Barbry
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Bernard Mari
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | - Georges Vassaux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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Bosc C, Broin N, Fanjul M, Saland E, Farge T, Courdy C, Batut A, Masoud R, Larrue C, Skuli S, Espagnolle N, Pagès JC, Carrier A, Bost F, Bertrand-Michel J, Tamburini J, Récher C, Bertoli S, Mansat-De Mas V, Manenti S, Sarry JE, Joffre C. Autophagy regulates fatty acid availability for oxidative phosphorylation through mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4056. [PMID: 32792483 PMCID: PMC7426880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been associated with oncogenesis with one of its emerging key functions being its contribution to the metabolism of tumors. Therefore, deciphering the mechanisms of how autophagy supports tumor cell metabolism is essential. Here, we demonstrate that the inhibition of autophagy induces an accumulation of lipid droplets (LD) due to a decrease in fatty acid β-oxidation, that leads to a reduction of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPHOS) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but not in normal cells. Thus, the autophagic process participates in lipid catabolism that supports OxPHOS in AML cells. Interestingly, the inhibition of OxPHOS leads to LD accumulation with the concomitant inhibition of autophagy. Mechanistically, we show that the disruption of mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCs) phenocopies OxPHOS inhibition. Altogether, our data establish that mitochondria, through the regulation of MERCs, controls autophagy that, in turn finely tunes lipid degradation to fuel OxPHOS supporting proliferation and growth in leukemia. How autophagy supports tumor cell metabolism is not fully clear. Here, the authors show that autophagy regulates lipid availability to support mitochondrial oxidative metabolism through mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, necessary for cell proliferation in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Bosc
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Broin
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Marjorie Fanjul
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Estelle Saland
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Farge
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Charly Courdy
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Batut
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Rawand Masoud
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Clément Larrue
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Skuli
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Espagnolle
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1031, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pagès
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1031, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Carrier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, Nice, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Jérôme Tamburini
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Service d'hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Bertoli
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Service d'hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Mansat-De Mas
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Manenti
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France. .,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.
| | - Carine Joffre
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France. .,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.
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16
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Sadaghianloo N, Contenti J, Dufies M, Parola J, Rouleau M, Lee S, Peyron J, Fabbri L, Hassen‐Khodja R, Pouysségur J, Bost F, Jean‐Baptiste E, Dardik A, Mazure NM. Co-culture of human fibroblasts, smooth muscle and endothelial cells promotes osteopontin induction in hypoxia. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2931-2941. [PMID: 32032472 PMCID: PMC7077551 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred vascular access for haemodialysis of patients suffering from end-stage renal disease, a worldwide public health problem. However, they are prone to a high rate of failure due to neointimal hyperplasia and stenosis. This study aimed to determine if osteopontin (OPN) was induced in hypoxia and if OPN could be responsible for driving AVF failure. Identification of new factors that participate in remodelling of AVFs is a challenge. Three cell lines representing the cells of the three layers of the walls of arteries and veins, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, were tested in mono- and co-culture in vitro for OPN expression and secretion in normoxia compared to hypoxia after silencing the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α, HIF-2α and HIF-1/2α) with siRNA or after treatment with an inhibitor of NF-kB. None of the cells in mono-culture showed OPN induction in hypoxia, whereas cells in co-culture secreted OPN in hypoxia. The changes in oxygenation that occur during AVF maturation up-regulate secretion of OPN through cell-cell interactions between the different cell layers that form AVF, and in turn, these promote endothelial cell proliferation and could participate in neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirvana Sadaghianloo
- Université Côte d’AzurInstitute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN)CNRS‐UMR 7284‐Inserm U1081Centre Antoine LacassagneUniversity of Nice Sophia‐AntipolisNiceFrance
- Department of Vascular SurgeryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de NiceNiceFrance
- Present address:
Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)INSERM U1065Université Côte d’AzurNice Cedex 03France
| | - Julie Contenti
- Université Côte d’AzurInstitute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN)CNRS‐UMR 7284‐Inserm U1081Centre Antoine LacassagneUniversity of Nice Sophia‐AntipolisNiceFrance
- Department of Emergency MedicineCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de NiceNiceFrance
- Present address:
Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)INSERM U1065Université Côte d’AzurNice Cedex 03France
| | | | - Julien Parola
- Université Côte d’AzurInstitute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN)CNRS‐UMR 7284‐Inserm U1081Centre Antoine LacassagneUniversity of Nice Sophia‐AntipolisNiceFrance
| | | | - Shinrong Lee
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics ProgramYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of Vascular SurgeryVA Connecticut Healthcare SystemsWest HavenCTUSA
| | - Jean‐François Peyron
- Université Côte d’AzurInstitute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN)CNRS‐UMR 7284‐Inserm U1081Centre Antoine LacassagneUniversity of Nice Sophia‐AntipolisNiceFrance
| | - Lucilla Fabbri
- Université Côte d’AzurInstitute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN)CNRS‐UMR 7284‐Inserm U1081Centre Antoine LacassagneUniversity of Nice Sophia‐AntipolisNiceFrance
- Present address:
Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)INSERM U1065Université Côte d’AzurNice Cedex 03France
| | - Réda Hassen‐Khodja
- Department of Vascular SurgeryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de NiceNiceFrance
- Present address:
Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)INSERM U1065Université Côte d’AzurNice Cedex 03France
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Université Côte d’AzurInstitute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN)CNRS‐UMR 7284‐Inserm U1081Centre Antoine LacassagneUniversity of Nice Sophia‐AntipolisNiceFrance
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM)MonacoMonaco
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Université Côte d’AzurInstitute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN)CNRS‐UMR 7284‐Inserm U1081Centre Antoine LacassagneUniversity of Nice Sophia‐AntipolisNiceFrance
| | - Elixène Jean‐Baptiste
- Department of Vascular SurgeryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de NiceNiceFrance
- Present address:
Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)INSERM U1065Université Côte d’AzurNice Cedex 03France
| | - Alan Dardik
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics ProgramYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of Vascular SurgeryVA Connecticut Healthcare SystemsWest HavenCTUSA
| | - Nathalie M. Mazure
- Université Côte d’AzurInstitute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN)CNRS‐UMR 7284‐Inserm U1081Centre Antoine LacassagneUniversity of Nice Sophia‐AntipolisNiceFrance
- Present address:
Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M)INSERM U1065Université Côte d’AzurNice Cedex 03France
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17
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Fabbri L, Dufies M, Lacas-Gervais S, Gardie B, Gad-Lapiteau S, Parola J, Nottet N, Meyenberg Cunha de Padua M, Contenti J, Borchiellini D, Ferrero JM, Leclercq NR, Ambrosetti D, Mograbi B, Richard S, Viotti J, Chamorey E, Sadaghianloo N, Rouleau M, Craigen WJ, Mari B, Clavel S, Pagès G, Pouysségur J, Bost F, Mazure NM. Identification of a new aggressive axis driven by ciliogenesis and absence of VDAC1-ΔC in clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma patients. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2696-2713. [PMID: 32194829 PMCID: PMC7052902 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 2% of all adult cancers, and clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most common RCC histologic subtype. A hallmark of ccRCC is the loss of the primary cilium, a cellular antenna that senses a wide variety of signals. Loss of this key organelle in ccRCC is associated with the loss of the von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL). However, not all mechanisms of ciliopathy have been clearly elucidated. Methods: By using RCC4 renal cancer cells and patient samples, we examined the regulation of ciliogenesis via the presence or absence of the hypoxic form of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1-ΔC) and its impact on tumor aggressiveness. Three independent cohorts were analyzed. Cohort A was from PREDIR and included 12 patients with hereditary pVHL mutations and 22 sporadic patients presenting tumors with wild-type pVHL or mutated pVHL; Cohort B included tissue samples from 43 patients with non-metastatic ccRCC who had undergone surgery; and Cohort C was composed of 375 non-metastatic ccRCC tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and was used for validation. The presence of VDAC1-ΔC and legumain was determined by immunoblot. Transcriptional regulation of IFT20/GLI1 expression was evaluated by qPCR. Ciliogenesis was detected using both mouse anti-acetylated α-tubulin and rabbit polyclonal ARL13B antibodies for immunofluorescence. Results: Our study defines, for the first time, a group of ccRCC patients in which the hypoxia-cleaved form of VDAC1 (VDAC1-ΔC) induces resorption of the primary cilium in a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1)-dependent manner. An additional novel group, in which the primary cilium is re-expressed or maintained, lacked VDAC1-ΔC yet maintained glycolysis, a signature of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and more aggressive tumor progression, but was independent to VHL. Moreover, these patients were less sensitive to sunitinib, the first-line treatment for ccRCC, but were potentially suitable for immunotherapy, as indicated by the immunophenoscore and the presence of PDL1 expression. Conclusion: This study provides a new way to classify ccRCC patients and proposes potential therapeutic targets linked to metabolism and immunotherapy.
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18
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Kaminski L, Torrino S, Dufies M, Djabari Z, Haider R, Roustan FR, Jaune E, Laurent K, Nottet N, Michiels JF, Gesson M, Rocchi S, Mazure NM, Durand M, Tanti JF, Ambrosetti D, Clavel S, Ben-Sahra I, Bost F. PGC1α Inhibits Polyamine Synthesis to Suppress Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3268-3280. [PMID: 31064849 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although tumorigenesis is dependent on the reprogramming of cellular metabolism, the metabolic pathways engaged in the formation of metastases remain largely unknown. The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) plays a pleiotropic role in the control of cancer cell metabolism and has been associated with a good prognosis in prostate cancer. Here, we show that PGC1α represses the metastatic properties of prostate cancer cells via modulation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. Mechanistically, PGC1α inhibits the expression of c-MYC and ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), the rate-limiting enzyme for polyamine synthesis. Analysis of in vivo metastases and clinical data from patients with prostate cancer support the proposition that the PGC1α/c-MYC/ODC1 axis regulates polyamine biosynthesis and prostate cancer aggressiveness. In conclusion, downregulation of PGC1α renders prostate cancer cells dependent on polyamine to promote metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that a major regulator of mitochondrial metabolism controls polyamine synthesis and prostate cancer aggressiveness, with potential applications in therapy and identification of new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maeva Dufies
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Zied Djabari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Romain Haider
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1065, C3M, France.,Department of Urology, Hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, France
| | - François-René Roustan
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1065, C3M, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emilie Jaune
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1065, C3M, France
| | | | | | | | - Maeva Gesson
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1065, C3M, France
| | | | | | - Matthieu Durand
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, France
| | | | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, France
| | | | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Meyenberg Cunha-de Padua M, Noleto GR, de Oliveira Petkowicz CL, Cadena SMSC, Bost F, Pouysségur J, Mazure NM. Hypoxia protects against the cell death triggered by oxovanadium-galactomannan complexes in HepG2 cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:18. [PMID: 30949212 PMCID: PMC6421655 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polysaccharides from various sources have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. The beneficial pharmacological effects of plant-derived polysaccharides include anti-tumor activity. METHODS Here, we evaluated the anti-cancer effect of the MSAGM:VO complex under hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen). MSAGM:VO is a complex of the hydrolysate of galactomannan (MSAGM) from Schizolobium amazonicum with oxovanadium (IV/V). The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HepG2 was selected as HCC are one of the most hypoxic solid tumors. RESULTS Our results showed that the strong apoptotic activity of MSAGM:VO observed in HepG2 cells under normoxic conditions was completely lost under hypoxic conditions. We found a dynamic balance between the pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family. The expressions of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL increased in hypoxia, whereas the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax decreased. MSAGM:VO strongly induced autophagy, which was previously characterized as a pro-survival mechanism in hypoxia. These results demonstrate total elimination of the anti-cancer activity of MSAGM:VO with activation of autophagy under conditions of hypoxia. CONCLUSION Although this study is a proof-of-concept of the impact of hypoxia on the potential of polysaccharides, further study is encouraged. The anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides could be achieved in normoxia or through raising the activity of the immune system. In addition, combination strategies for therapy with anti-autophagic drugs could be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Meyenberg Cunha-de Padua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave. de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
- Present Address: INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 03, France
| | | | | | | | - Frédéric Bost
- Present Address: INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 03, France
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave. de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco, Monaco
| | - Nathalie M. Mazure
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave. de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
- Present Address: INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 03, France
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20
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Abstract
The primary cilium is a solitary, nonmotile and transitory appendage that is present in virtually all mammalian cells. Our knowledge of its ultrastructure and function is the result of more than fifty years of research that has dramatically changed our perspectives on the primary cilium. The mutual regulation between ciliogenesis and the cell cycle is now well-recognized, as well as the function of the primary cilium as a cellular "antenna" for perceiving external stimuli, such as light, odorants, and fluids. By displaying receptors and signaling molecules, the primary cilium is also a key coordinator of signaling pathways that converts extracellular cues into cellular responses. Given its critical tasks, any defects in primary cilium formation or function lead to a wide spectrum of diseases collectively called "ciliopathies". An emerging role of primary cilium is in the regulation of cancer development. In this review, we seek to describe the current knowledge about the influence of the primary cilium in cancer progression, with a focus on some of the events that cancers need to face to sustain survival and growth in hypoxic microenvironment: the cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Fabbri
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice, France.
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice, France.
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice, France.
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21
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Torrino S, Roustan FR, Kaminski L, Bertero T, Pisano S, Ambrosetti D, Dufies M, Uhler JP, Lemichez E, Mettouchi A, Gesson M, Laurent K, Gaggioli C, Michiels JF, Lamaze C, Bost F, Clavel S. UBTD1 is a mechano-regulator controlling cancer aggressiveness. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846570. [PMID: 30804013 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin domain-containing protein 1 (UBTD1) is highly evolutionary conserved and has been described to interact with E2 enzymes of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, its biological role and the functional significance of this interaction remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of UBTD1 drastically affects the mechanical properties of epithelial cancer cells via RhoA activation and strongly promotes their aggressiveness. On a stiff matrix, UBTD1 expression is regulated by cell-cell contacts, and the protein is associated with β-catenin at cell junctions. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a major cell mechano-transducer, and we show that UBTD1 is associated with components of the YAP degradation complex. Interestingly, UBTD1 promotes the interaction of YAP with its E3 ubiquitin ligase β-TrCP Consequently, in cancer cells, UBTD1 depletion decreases YAP ubiquitylation and triggers robust ROCK2-dependent YAP activation and downstream signaling. Data from lung and prostate cancer patients further corroborate the in cellulo results, confirming that low levels of UBTD1 are associated with poor patient survival, suggesting that biological functions of UBTD1 could be beneficial in limiting cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Torrino
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Inserm U1065, Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - François-René Roustan
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Inserm U1065, Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Lisa Kaminski
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Inserm U1065, Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Thomas Bertero
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS, UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS, UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Department of Pathology, Nice University Hospital University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Maeva Dufies
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS, UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jay P Uhler
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Gesson
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Inserm U1065, Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Kathiane Laurent
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Inserm U1065, Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Cedric Gaggioli
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS, UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Francois Michiels
- Department of Pathology, Nice University Hospital University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Inserm U1065, Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Stéphan Clavel
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Inserm U1065, Nice Cedex 3, France
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bost
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1065, Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Bost
| | - Graham Rena
- University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Graham Rena
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Benoit Viollet
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23
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Roustan F, Clavel S, Larbret F, Tibi B, Ahallal Y, Durand M, Ambrosetti D, Torrino S, Bost F. Mise en place d’un modèle d’organoïde de cancer de prostate : applications thérapeutiques. Prog Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2018.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Rubio-Patiño C, Bossowski JP, Villa E, Mondragón L, Zunino B, Proïcs E, Chiche J, Bost F, Verhoeyen E, Ricci JE. Low carbohydrate diet prevents Mcl-1-mediated resistance to BH3-mimetics. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73270-73279. [PMID: 27689327 PMCID: PMC5341978 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Mcl-1 is implicated in resistance of several cancers to chemotherapeutic treatment, therefore identifying a safe way to decrease its expression in tumor cells represents a central goal. We investigated if a modulation of the diet could impact on Mcl-1 expression using a Myc-driven lymphoma model. We established that a partial reduction of caloric intake by 25% represents an efficient way to decrease Mcl-1 expression in tumor cells. Furthermore, using isocaloric custom diets, we observed that carbohydrates (CHO) are the main regulators of Mcl-1 expression within the food. Indeed, feeding lymphoma-bearing mice with a diet having 25% less carbohydrates was sufficient to decrease Mcl-1 expression by 50% in lymphoma cells. We showed that a low CHO diet resulted in AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition leading to eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) inhibition, blocking protein translation elongation. Strikingly, a low CHO diet was sufficient to sensitize Myc-driven lymphoma-bearing mice to ABT-737-induced cell death in vivo. Thus reducing carbohydrate intake may represent a safe way to decrease Mcl-1 expression and to sensitize tumor cells to anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Rubio-Patiño
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, France
| | - Jozef P Bossowski
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, France
| | - Elodie Villa
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, France
| | - Laura Mondragón
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, France
| | - Barbara Zunino
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, France
| | - Emma Proïcs
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Nice, France
| | - Johanna Chiche
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, France.,Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes", Nice, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, France
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires", Nice, France.,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, France
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25
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Ben Sahra I, Tanti JF, Bost F. The combination of metformin and 2 deoxyglucose inhibits autophagy and induces AMPK-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Autophagy 2017; 6:670-671. [PMID: 28157435 DOI: 10.4161/auto.6.5.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer cell metabolism is a new promising strategy to fight cancer. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) drastically affect cancer cell metabolism. Recently, we showed that the combination of the two drugs was much more harmful for cancer cells than the treatment with metformin or 2DG alone. At the cellular level, this combination leads to p53- and AMPK-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, we showed that metformin inhibits 2DG-induced autophagy, decreases beclin 1 expression and triggers a switch from a survival process to cell death.
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26
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Wang YY, Attané C, Milhas D, Dirat B, Dauvillier S, Guerard A, Gilhodes J, Lazar I, Alet N, Laurent V, Le Gonidec S, Biard D, Hervé C, Bost F, Ren GS, Bono F, Escourrou G, Prentki M, Nieto L, Valet P, Muller C. Mammary adipocytes stimulate breast cancer invasion through metabolic remodeling of tumor cells. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e87489. [PMID: 28239646 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, a key feature of peritumoral adipocytes is their loss of lipid content observed both in vitro and in human tumors. The free fatty acids (FFAs), released by adipocytes after lipolysis induced by tumor secretions, are transferred and stored in tumor cells as triglycerides in lipid droplets. In tumor cell lines, we demonstrate that FFAs can be released over time from lipid droplets through an adipose triglyceride lipase-dependent (ATGL-dependent) lipolytic pathway. In vivo, ATGL is expressed in human tumors where its expression correlates with tumor aggressiveness and is upregulated by contact with adipocytes. The released FFAs are then used for fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), an active process in cancer but not normal breast epithelial cells, and regulated by coculture with adipocytes. However, in cocultivated cells, FAO is uncoupled from ATP production, leading to AMPK/acetyl-CoA carboxylase activation, a circle that maintains this state of metabolic remodeling. The increased invasive capacities of tumor cells induced by coculture are completely abrogated by inhibition of the coupled ATGL-dependent lipolysis/FAO pathways. These results show a complex metabolic symbiosis between tumor-surrounding adipocytes and cancer cells that stimulate their invasiveness, highlighting ATGL as a potential therapeutic target to impede breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Wang
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS.,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Camille Attané
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Milhas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | - Béatrice Dirat
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS.,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Dauvillier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | - Adrien Guerard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | - Julia Gilhodes
- Departement de Biostatistiques, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Ikrame Lazar
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | | | - Victor Laurent
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | - Sophie Le Gonidec
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Bost
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Guo Sheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Ghislaine Escourrou
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurence Nieto
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS
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27
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Loubière C, Goiran T, Laurent K, Djabari Z, Tanti JF, Bost F. Metformin-induced energy deficiency leads to the inhibition of lipogenesis in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15652-61. [PMID: 26002551 PMCID: PMC4558177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of lipid metabolism is a hallmark of tumor cells, and elevated lipogenesis has been reported in prostate cancer. Metformin, a drug commonly prescribed for type II diabetes, displays antitumor properties. Here, we show that metformin inhibits lipogenesis in several prostate cancer cell lines. In LNCaP cells, this effect parallels the decrease of key lipogenic proteins: ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase), FASN (fatty acid synthase) and SREBP1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c), whereas there is no modification in DU145 and PC3 cells. Despite the relatively high level of lipogenic proteins induced by the overexpression of a constitutively active form of SREBP1c or treatment with androgens, metformin is still able to inhibit lipogenesis. Metformin does not alter the concentration of malonyl-CoA (the fatty acid precursor), and it only slightly decreases the NADPH levels, which is a co-factor required for lipogenesis, in LNCaP. Finally, we show that the inhibitory effect of metformin on lipogenesis is primarily due to a cellular energy deficit. Metformin decreases ATP in a dose-dependent manner, and this diminution is significantly correlated with the inhibition of lipogenesis in LNCaP and DU145. Indeed, the effect of metformin is linked to changes in the ATP content rather than the regulation of protein expression. Our results describe a new mechanism of action for metformin on prostate cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Loubière
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
| | - Thomas Goiran
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
| | - Kathiane Laurent
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
| | - Zied Djabari
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Diabetes and Obesity, Nice 06200, France.,University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice 06200, France
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28
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Bost F, Decoux-Poullot AG, Tanti JF, Clavel S. Energy disruptors: rising stars in anticancer therapy? Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e188. [PMID: 26779810 PMCID: PMC4728676 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic features of tumor cells diverge from those of normal cells. Otto Warburg was the first to observe that cancer cells dramatically increase their glucose consumption to generate ATP. He also claimed that cancer cells do not have functional mitochondria or oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) but simply rely on glycolysis to provide ATP to the cell, even in the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis). Several studies have revisited this observation and demonstrated that most cancer cells contain metabolically efficient mitochondria. Indeed, to sustain high proliferation rates, cancer cells require functional mitochondria to provide ATP and intermediate metabolites, such as citrate and cofactors, for anabolic reactions. This difference in metabolism between normal and tumors cells causes the latter to be more sensitive to agents that can disrupt energy homeostasis. In this review, we focus on energy disruptors, such as biguanides, 2-deoxyglucose and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, that interfere with the main metabolic pathways of the cells, OXPHOS, glycolysis and glutamine metabolism. We discuss the preclinical data and the mechanisms of action of these disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels. Finally, we consider whether these drugs can reasonably contribute to the antitumoral therapeutic arsenal in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bost
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - A-G Decoux-Poullot
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - J F Tanti
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - S Clavel
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
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29
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Brahimi-Horn MC, Giuliano S, Saland E, Lacas-Gervais S, Sheiko T, Pelletier J, Bourget I, Bost F, Féral C, Boulter E, Tauc M, Ivan M, Garmy-Susini B, Popa A, Mari B, Sarry JE, Craigen WJ, Pouysségur J, Mazure NM. Knockout of Vdac1 activates hypoxia-inducible factor through reactive oxygen species generation and induces tumor growth by promoting metabolic reprogramming and inflammation. Cancer Metab 2015; 3:8. [PMID: 26322231 PMCID: PMC4551760 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-015-0133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are more than just the powerhouse of cells; they dictate if a cell dies or survives. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fusion and fission in response to environmental conditions. We showed previously that mitochondria of cells in a low oxygen environment (hypoxia) hyperfuse to form enlarged or highly interconnected networks with enhanced metabolic efficacy and resistance to apoptosis. Modifications to the appearance and metabolic capacity of mitochondria have been reported in cancer. However, the precise mechanisms regulating mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism in cancer are unknown. Since hypoxia plays a role in the generation of these abnormal mitochondria, we questioned if it modulates mitochondrial function. The mitochondrial outer-membrane voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is at center stage in regulating metabolism and apoptosis. We demonstrated previously that VDAC1 was post-translationally C-terminal cleaved not only in various hypoxic cancer cells but also in tumor tissues of patients with lung adenocarcinomas. Cells with enlarged mitochondria and cleaved VDAC1 were also more resistant to chemotherapy-stimulated cell death than normoxic cancer cells. Results Transcriptome analysis of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) knocked out for Vdac1 highlighted alterations in not only cancer and inflammatory pathways but also in the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway in normoxia. HIF-1α was stable in normoxia due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which decreased respiration and glycolysis and maintained basal apoptosis. However, in hypoxia, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in combination with maintenance of respiration and increased glycolysis counterbalanced the deleterious effects of enhanced ROS, thereby allowing Vdac1−/− MEF to proliferate better than wild-type MEF in hypoxia. Allografts of RAS-transformed Vdac1−/− MEF exhibited stabilization of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α, blood vessel destabilization, and a strong inflammatory response. Moreover, expression of Cdkn2a, a HIF-1-target and tumor suppressor gene, was markedly decreased. Consequently, RAS-transformed Vdac1−/− MEF tumors grew faster than wild-type MEF tumors. Conclusions Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells may be regulated by VDAC1 through vascular destabilization and inflammation. These findings provide new perspectives into the understanding of VDAC1 in the function of mitochondria not only in cancer but also in inflammatory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40170-015-0133-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christiane Brahimi-Horn
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
| | - Sandy Giuliano
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
| | - Estelle Saland
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM-UPSIII U1037, Oncopole, Toulouse, 31037 Cedex 1 France
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 28 Ave Valombrose, 06103 Nice, France
| | - Tatiana Sheiko
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Joffrey Pelletier
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Bourget
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 28 Ave de Valombrose, 06107 cedex 02 Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, and University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Chloé Féral
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 28 Ave de Valombrose, 06107 cedex 02 Nice, France
| | - Etienne Boulter
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 28 Ave de Valombrose, 06107 cedex 02 Nice, France
| | - Michel Tauc
- Faculté de Médecine, LP2M - CNRS UMR-7370, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, Nice, 06107 cedex 2 France
| | - Mircea Ivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Barbara Garmy-Susini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM U1048, Rangueil Hospital, 1 Avenue Professeur Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Popa
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7275, Sophia Antipolis, & University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Bernard Mari
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7275, Sophia Antipolis, & University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM-UPSIII U1037, Oncopole, Toulouse, 31037 Cedex 1 France
| | - William J Craigen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France.,Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monte Carlo, Sophia Antipolis, Monaco
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
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30
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Dirat B, Ader I, Golzio M, Massa F, Mettouchi A, Laurent K, Larbret F, Malavaud B, Cormont M, Lemichez E, Cuvillier O, Tanti JF, Bost F. Inhibition of the GTPase Rac1 mediates the antimigratory effects of metformin in prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:586-96. [PMID: 25527635 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a critical step in the progression of prostate cancer to the metastatic state, the lethal form of the disease. The antidiabetic drug metformin has been shown to display antitumoral properties in prostate cancer cell and animal models; however, its role in the formation of metastases remains poorly documented. Here, we show that metformin reduces the formation of metastases to fewer solid organs in an orthotopic metastatic prostate cancer cell model established in nude mice. As predicted, metformin hampers cell motility in PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells and triggers a radical reorganization of the cell cytoskeleton. The small GTPase Rac1 is a master regulator of cytoskeleton organization and cell migration. We report that metformin leads to a major inhibition of Rac1 GTPase activity by interfering with some of its multiple upstream signaling pathways, namely P-Rex1 (a Guanine nucleotide exchange factor and activator of Rac1), cAMP, and CXCL12/CXCR4, resulting in decreased migration of prostate cancer cells. Importantly, overexpression of a constitutively active form of Rac1, or P-Rex, as well as the inhibition of the adenylate cyclase, was able to reverse the antimigratory effects of metformin. These results establish a novel mechanism of action for metformin and highlight its potential antimetastatic properties in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Dirat
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France. Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Ader
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France. Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France. Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Massa
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France. Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France. INSERM, C3M, U1065, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Team Microtoxins in Host Pathogens Interactions, Nice, France
| | - Kathiane Laurent
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France. Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Larbret
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, EA6302, Flow Cytometry Facility, Hôpital l'Archet 1, Nice, France
| | - Bernard Malavaud
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France. Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France. Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Urologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Toulouse, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France. Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France. INSERM, C3M, U1065, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Team Microtoxins in Host Pathogens Interactions, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France. Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean François Tanti
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France. Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France. Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France.
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31
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Dirat B, Ader I, Golzio M, Mettouchi A, Laurent K, Larbret F, Malavaud B, Cormont M, Lemichez E, Tanti JF, Bost F. Metformin targets the GTPase Rac1 to inhibit prostate cancer cell migration. Cancer Metab 2014. [PMCID: PMC4080087 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3002-2-s1-o24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Cancer and type II diabetes are two diseases that appear to be associated. In fact, diabetes increases the incidence of several cancers (colon, endometrium, rectum and breast). Retrospective epidemiological studies show that metformin, a drug commonly used in type II diabetes, has antitumor properties. Therefore, many experimental studies (in vivo and in vitro) have been initiated in recent years to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that may explain the protective effects of metformin against cancer. Two main mode of action have been proposed. The first, indirect, involves the decrease of insulinemia. The second, via a direct action on cells, results in the regulation of the activated AMPK kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which plays a central role in many cellular processes such as energy metabolism, protein synthesis, autophagy and apoptosis. Here, we review recent results concerning the antitumor action of metformin: epidemiological, metabolic, cellular and molecular levels. Ongoing experimental and clinical trials should help us better understand the mechanisms of action of metformin and allow us to determine whether the drug can be used in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Loubière
- Inserm U1065, centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire, équipe « physiopathologie cellulaire et moléculaire de l'obésité et du diabète », 06204 Nice, France
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34
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Ben-Sahra I, Dirat B, Laurent K, Puissant A, Auberger P, Budanov A, Tanti JF, Bost F. Sestrin2 integrates Akt and mTOR signaling to protect cells against energetic stress-induced death. Cell Death Differ 2012; 20:611-9. [PMID: 23238567 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway has a central role in cancer cell metabolism and proliferation. More importantly, it is one of the cardinal pro-survival pathways mediating resistance to apoptosis. The role of Akt in response to an energetic stress is presently unclear. Here, we show that Sestrin2 (Sesn2), also known as Hi95, a p53 target gene that protects cells against oxidative and genotoxic stresses, participates in the protective role of Akt in response to an energetic stress induced by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). Sesn2 is upregulated in response to an energetic stress such as 2-DG and metformin, and mediates the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the major cellular regulator of energy metabolism. The increase of Sesn2 is independent of p53 but requires the anti-apoptotic pathway, PI3K/Akt. Inhibition of Akt, as well as loss of Sesn2, sensitizes cells to 2-DG-induced apoptosis. In addition, the rescue of Sesn2 partially reverses the pro-apoptotic effects of 2-DG. In conclusion, we identify Sesn2 as a new energetic stress sensor, which appears to be protective against energetic stress-induced apoptosis that integrates the pro-survival function of Akt and the negative regulation of mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ben-Sahra
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
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35
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36
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Abstract
Several experimental and epidemiologic studies have shown that the antidiabetes drug metformin has antitumor properties. The report by Algire and colleagues in this issue of the journal (beginning on page 536) shows for the first time that metformin reduces mutagenesis induced by reactive oxygen species. This report offers new perspectives on metformin in cancer prevention and provides a new mechanism for the reduction of cancer risk in diabetic patients treated with this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bost
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team Cellular and molecular physiophathology of obesity and diabetes, and University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France.
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Klionsky DJ, Abdalla FC, Abeliovich H, Abraham RT, Acevedo-Arozena A, Adeli K, Agholme L, Agnello M, Agostinis P, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Ahn HJ, Ait-Mohamed O, Ait-Si-Ali S, Akematsu T, Akira S, Al-Younes HM, Al-Zeer MA, Albert ML, Albin RL, Alegre-Abarrategui J, Aleo MF, Alirezaei M, Almasan A, Almonte-Becerril M, Amano A, Amaravadi RK, Amarnath S, Amer AO, Andrieu-Abadie N, Anantharam V, Ann DK, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Aoki H, Apostolova N, Arancia G, Aris JP, Asanuma K, Asare NY, Ashida H, Askanas V, Askew DS, Auberger P, Baba M, Backues SK, Baehrecke EH, Bahr BA, Bai XY, Bailly Y, Baiocchi R, Baldini G, Balduini W, Ballabio A, Bamber BA, Bampton ET, Juhász G, Bartholomew CR, Bassham DC, Bast RC, Batoko H, Bay BH, Beau I, Béchet DM, Begley TJ, Behl C, Behrends C, Bekri S, Bellaire B, Bendall LJ, Benetti L, Berliocchi L, Bernardi H, Bernassola F, Besteiro S, Bhatia-Kissova I, Bi X, Biard-Piechaczyk M, Blum JS, Boise LH, Bonaldo P, Boone DL, Bornhauser BC, Bortoluci KR, Bossis I, Bost F, Bourquin JP, Boya P, Boyer-Guittaut M, Bozhkov PV, Brady NR, Brancolini C, Brech A, Brenman JE, Brennand A, Bresnick EH, Brest P, Bridges D, Bristol ML, Brookes PS, Brown EJ, Brumell JH, Shen WC, Sheng ZH, Shi Y, Shibuya K, Shidoji Y, Shieh JJ, Shih CM, Shimada Y, Shimizu S, Shintani T, Brunetti-Pierri N, Shirihai OS, Shore GC, Sibirny AA, Sidhu SB, Sikorska B, Silva-Zacarin EC, Simmons A, Simon AK, Simon HU, Simone C, Brunk UT, Simonsen A, Sinclair DA, Singh R, Sinha D, Sinicrope FA, Sirko A, Siu PM, Sivridis E, Skop V, Skulachev VP, Bulman DE, Slack RS, Smaili SS, Smith DR, Soengas MS, Soldati T, Song X, Sood AK, Soong TW, Sotgia F, Spector SA, Bultman SJ, Spies CD, Springer W, Srinivasula SM, Stefanis L, Steffan JS, Stendel R, Stenmark H, Stephanou A, Stern ST, Sternberg C, Bultynck G, Stork B, Strålfors P, Subauste CS, Sui X, Sulzer D, Sun J, Sun SY, Sun ZJ, Sung JJ, Suzuki K, Burbulla LF, Suzuki T, Swanson MS, Swanton C, Sweeney ST, Sy LK, Szabadkai G, Tabas I, Taegtmeyer H, Tafani M, Takács-Vellai K, Bursch W, Takano Y, Takegawa K, Takemura G, Takeshita F, Talbot NJ, Tan KS, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Tang D, Tang D, Butchar JP, Tanida I, Tannous BA, Tavernarakis N, Taylor GS, Taylor GA, Taylor JP, Terada LS, Terman A, Tettamanti G, Thevissen K, Buzgariu W, Thompson CB, Thorburn A, Thumm M, Tian F, Tian Y, Tocchini-Valentini G, Tolkovsky AM, Tomino Y, Tönges L, Tooze SA, Bydlowski SP, Tournier C, Tower J, Towns R, Trajkovic V, Travassos LH, Tsai TF, Tschan MP, Tsubata T, Tsung A, Turk B, Cadwell K, Turner LS, Tyagi SC, Uchiyama Y, Ueno T, Umekawa M, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Unni VK, Vaccaro MI, Valente EM, Van den Berghe G, Cahová M, van der Klei IJ, van Doorn WG, van Dyk LF, van Egmond M, van Grunsven LA, Vandenabeele P, Vandenberghe WP, Vanhorebeek I, Vaquero EC, Velasco G, Cai D, Vellai T, Vicencio JM, Vierstra RD, Vila M, Vindis C, Viola G, Viscomi MT, Voitsekhovskaja OV, von Haefen C, Votruba M, Cai J, Wada K, Wade-Martins R, Walker CL, Walsh CM, Walter J, Wan XB, Wang A, Wang C, Wang D, Wang F, Cai Q, Wang F, Wang G, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang HD, Wang J, Wang K, Wang M, Wang RC, Wang X, Calabretta B, Wang XJ, Wang YJ, Wang Y, Wang ZB, Wang ZC, Wang Z, Wansink DG, Ward DM, Watada H, Waters SL, Calvo-Garrido J, Webster P, Wei L, Weihl CC, Weiss WA, Welford SM, Wen LP, Whitehouse CA, Whitton JL, Whitworth AJ, Wileman T, Camougrand N, Wiley JW, Wilkinson S, Willbold D, Williams RL, Williamson PR, Wouters BG, Wu C, Wu DC, Wu WK, Wyttenbach A, Campanella M, Xavier RJ, Xi Z, Xia P, Xiao G, Xie Z, Xie Z, Xu DZ, Xu J, Xu L, Xu X, Campos-Salinas J, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto A, Yamashina S, Yamashita M, Yan X, Yanagida M, Yang DS, Yang E, Yang JM, Yang SY, Candi E, Yang W, Yang WY, Yang Z, Yao MC, Yao TP, Yeganeh B, Yen WL, Yin JJ, Yin XM, Yoo OJ, Cao L, Yoon G, Yoon SY, Yorimitsu T, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshimori T, Yoshimoto K, You HJ, Youle RJ, Younes A, Yu L, Caplan AB, Yu L, Yu SW, Yu WH, Yuan ZM, Yue Z, Yun CH, Yuzaki M, Zabirnyk O, Silva-Zacarin E, Zacks D, 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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 2012. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.19496 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 2012. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.19496 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 2012. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.19496 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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Milojkovic A, Minucci S, Miracco C, Miranti CK, Mitroulis I, Miyazawa K, Mizushima N, Mograbi B, Mohseni S, Molero X, Mollereau B, Mollinedo F, Momoi T, Monastyrska I, Monick MM, Monteiro MJ, Moore MN, Mora R, Moreau K, Moreira PI, Moriyasu Y, Moscat J, Mostowy S, Mottram JC, Motyl T, Moussa CEH, Müller S, Muller S, Münger K, Münz C, Murphy LO, Murphy ME, Musarò A, Mysorekar I, Nagata E, Nagata K, Nahimana A, Nair U, Nakagawa T, Nakahira K, Nakano H, Nakatogawa H, Nanjundan M, Naqvi NI, Narendra DP, Narita M, Navarro M, Nawrocki ST, Nazarko TY, Nemchenko A, Netea MG, Neufeld TP, Ney PA, Nezis IP, Nguyen HP, Nie D, Nishino I, Nislow C, Nixon RA, Noda T, Noegel AA, Nogalska A, Noguchi S, Notterpek L, Novak I, Nozaki T, Nukina N, Nürnberger T, Nyfeler B, Obara K, Oberley TD, Oddo S, Ogawa M, Ohashi T, Okamoto K, Oleinick NL, Oliver FJ, Olsen LJ, Olsson S, Opota O, Osborne TF, Ostrander GK, Otsu K, Ou JHJ, Ouimet M, Overholtzer M, Ozpolat B, Paganetti P, Pagnini U, Pallet N, Palmer GE, Palumbo C, Pan T, Panaretakis T, Pandey UB, Papackova Z, Papassideri I, Paris I, Park J, Park OK, Parys JB, Parzych KR, Patschan S, Patterson C, Pattingre S, Pawelek JM, Peng J, Perlmutter DH, Perrotta I, Perry G, Pervaiz S, Peter M, Peters GJ, Petersen M, Petrovski G, Phang JM, Piacentini M, Pierre P, Pierrefite-Carle V, Pierron G, Pinkas-Kramarski R, Piras A, Piri N, Platanias LC, Pöggeler S, Poirot M, Poletti A, Poüs C, Pozuelo-Rubio M, Prætorius-Ibba M, Prasad A, Prescott M, Priault M, Produit-Zengaffinen N, Progulske-Fox A, Proikas-Cezanne T, Przedborski S, Przyklenk K, Puertollano R, Puyal J, Qian SB, Qin L, Qin ZH, Quaggin SE, Raben N, Rabinowich H, Rabkin SW, Rahman I, Rami A, Ramm G, Randall G, Randow F, Rao VA, Rathmell JC, Ravikumar B, Ray SK, Reed BH, Reed JC, Reggiori F, Régnier-Vigouroux A, Reichert AS, Reiners, Jr. JJ, Reiter RJ, Ren J, Revuelta JL, Rhodes CJ, Ritis K, Rizzo E, Robbins J, Roberge M, Roca H, Roccheri MC, Rocchi S, Rodemann HP, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Rohrer B, Roninson IB, Rosen K, Rost-Roszkowska MM, Rouis M, Rouschop KM, Rovetta F, Rubin BP, Rubinsztein DC, Ruckdeschel K, Rucker EB, Rudich A, Rudolf E, Ruiz-Opazo N, Russo R, Rusten TE, Ryan KM, Ryter SW, Sabatini DM, Sadoshima J, Saha T, Saitoh T, Sakagami H, Sakai Y, Salekdeh GH, Salomoni P, Salvaterra PM, Salvesen G, Salvioli R, Sanchez AM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA, Sánchez-Prieto R, Sandri M, Sankar U, Sansanwal P, Santambrogio L, Saran S, Sarkar S, Sarwal M, Sasakawa C, Sasnauskiene A, Sass M, Sato K, Sato M, Schapira AH, Scharl M, Schätzl HM, Scheper W, Schiaffino S, Schneider C, Schneider ME, Schneider-Stock R, Schoenlein PV, Schorderet DF, Schüller C, Schwartz GK, Scorrano L, Sealy L, Seglen PO, Segura-Aguilar J, Seiliez I, Seleverstov O, Sell C, Seo JB, Separovic D, Setaluri V, Setoguchi T, Settembre C, Shacka JJ, Shanmugam M, Shapiro IM, Shaulian E, Shaw RJ, Shelhamer JH, Shen HM. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 2012. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.19496 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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Klionsky DJ, Abdalla FC, Abeliovich H, Abraham RT, Acevedo-Arozena A, Adeli K, Agholme L, Agnello M, Agostinis P, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Ahn HJ, Ait-Mohamed O, Ait-Si-Ali S, Akematsu T, Akira S, Al-Younes HM, Al-Zeer MA, Albert ML, Albin RL, Alegre-Abarrategui J, Aleo MF, Alirezaei M, Almasan A, Almonte-Becerril M, Amano A, Amaravadi RK, Amarnath S, Amer AO, Andrieu-Abadie N, Anantharam V, Ann DK, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Aoki H, Apostolova N, Arancia G, Aris JP, Asanuma K, Asare NY, Ashida H, Askanas V, Askew DS, Auberger P, Baba M, Backues SK, Baehrecke EH, Bahr BA, Bai XY, Bailly Y, Baiocchi R, Baldini G, Balduini W, Ballabio A, Bamber BA, Bampton ET, Juhász G, Bartholomew CR, Bassham DC, Bast RC, Batoko H, Bay BH, Beau I, Béchet DM, Begley TJ, Behl C, Behrends C, Bekri S, Bellaire B, Bendall LJ, Benetti L, Berliocchi L, Bernardi H, Bernassola F, Besteiro S, Bhatia-Kissova I, Bi X, Biard-Piechaczyk M, Blum JS, Boise LH, Bonaldo P, Boone DL, Bornhauser BC, Bortoluci KR, Bossis I, Bost F, Bourquin JP, Boya P, Boyer-Guittaut M, Bozhkov PV, Brady NR, Brancolini C, Brech A, Brenman JE, Brennand A, Bresnick EH, Brest P, Bridges D, Bristol ML, Brookes PS, Brown EJ, Brumell JH, Shen WC, Sheng ZH, Shi Y, Shibuya K, Shidoji Y, Shieh JJ, Shih CM, Shimada Y, Shimizu S, Shintani T, Brunetti-Pierri N, Shirihai OS, Shore GC, Sibirny AA, Sidhu SB, Sikorska B, Silva-Zacarin EC, Simmons A, Simon AK, Simon HU, Simone C, Brunk UT, Simonsen A, Sinclair DA, Singh R, Sinha D, Sinicrope FA, Sirko A, Siu PM, Sivridis E, Skop V, Skulachev VP, Bulman DE, Slack RS, Smaili SS, Smith DR, Soengas MS, Soldati T, Song X, Sood AK, Soong TW, Sotgia F, Spector SA, Bultman SJ, Spies CD, Springer W, Srinivasula SM, Stefanis L, Steffan JS, Stendel R, Stenmark H, Stephanou A, Stern ST, Sternberg C, Bultynck G, Stork B, Strålfors P, Subauste CS, Sui X, Sulzer D, Sun J, Sun SY, Sun ZJ, Sung JJ, Suzuki K, Burbulla LF, Suzuki T, Swanson MS, Swanton C, Sweeney ST, Sy LK, Szabadkai G, Tabas I, Taegtmeyer H, Tafani M, Takács-Vellai K, Bursch W, Takano Y, Takegawa K, Takemura G, Takeshita F, Talbot NJ, Tan KS, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Tang D, Tang D, Butchar JP, Tanida I, Tannous BA, Tavernarakis N, Taylor GS, Taylor GA, Taylor JP, Terada LS, Terman A, Tettamanti G, Thevissen K, Buzgariu W, Thompson CB, Thorburn A, Thumm M, Tian F, Tian Y, Tocchini-Valentini G, Tolkovsky AM, Tomino Y, Tönges L, Tooze SA, Bydlowski SP, Tournier C, Tower J, Towns R, Trajkovic V, Travassos LH, Tsai TF, Tschan MP, Tsubata T, Tsung A, Turk B, Cadwell K, Turner LS, Tyagi SC, Uchiyama Y, Ueno T, Umekawa M, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Unni VK, Vaccaro MI, Valente EM, Van den Berghe G, Cahová M, van der Klei IJ, van Doorn WG, van Dyk LF, van Egmond M, van Grunsven LA, Vandenabeele P, Vandenberghe WP, Vanhorebeek I, Vaquero EC, Velasco G, Cai D, Vellai T, Vicencio JM, Vierstra RD, Vila M, Vindis C, Viola G, Viscomi MT, Voitsekhovskaja OV, von Haefen C, Votruba M, Cai J, Wada K, Wade-Martins R, Walker CL, Walsh CM, Walter J, Wan XB, Wang A, Wang C, Wang D, Wang F, Cai Q, Wang F, Wang G, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang HD, Wang J, Wang K, Wang M, Wang RC, Wang X, Calabretta B, Wang XJ, Wang YJ, Wang Y, Wang ZB, Wang ZC, Wang Z, Wansink DG, Ward DM, Watada H, Waters SL, Calvo-Garrido J, Webster P, Wei L, Weihl CC, Weiss WA, Welford SM, Wen LP, Whitehouse CA, Whitton JL, Whitworth AJ, Wileman T, Camougrand N, Wiley JW, Wilkinson S, Willbold D, Williams RL, Williamson PR, Wouters BG, Wu C, Wu DC, Wu WK, Wyttenbach A, Campanella M, Xavier RJ, Xi Z, Xia P, Xiao G, Xie Z, Xie Z, Xu DZ, Xu J, Xu L, Xu X, Campos-Salinas J, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto A, Yamashina S, Yamashita M, Yan X, Yanagida M, Yang DS, Yang E, Yang JM, Yang SY, Candi E, Yang W, Yang WY, Yang Z, Yao MC, Yao TP, Yeganeh B, Yen WL, Yin JJ, Yin XM, Yoo OJ, Cao L, Yoon G, Yoon SY, Yorimitsu T, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshimori T, Yoshimoto K, You HJ, Youle RJ, Younes A, Yu L, Caplan AB, Yu L, Yu SW, Yu WH, Yuan ZM, Yue Z, Yun CH, Yuzaki M, Zabirnyk O, Silva-Zacarin E, Zacks D, Carding SR, Zacksenhaus E, Zaffaroni N, Zakeri Z, Zeh, III HJ, Zeitlin SO, Zhang H, Zhang HL, Zhang J, Zhang JP, Zhang L, Cardoso SM, Zhang L, Zhang MY, Zhang XD, Zhao M, Zhao YF, Zhao Y, Zhao ZJ, Zheng X, Zhivotovsky B, Zhong Q, Carew JS, Zhou CZ, Zhu C, Zhu WG, Zhu XF, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Zoladek T, Zong WX, Zorzano A, Zschocke J, Carlin CR, Zuckerbraun B, Carmignac V, Carneiro LA, Carra S, Caruso RA, Casari G, Casas C, Castino R, Cebollero E, Cecconi F, Celli J, Chaachouay H, Chae HJ, Chai CY, Chan DC, Chan EY, Chang RCC, Che CM, Chen CC, Chen GC, Chen GQ, Chen M, Chen Q, Chen SSL, Chen W, Chen X, Chen X, Chen X, Chen YG, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen YJ, Chen Z, Cheng A, Cheng CH, Cheng Y, Cheong H, Cheong JH, Cherry S, Chess-Williams R, Cheung ZH, Chevet E, Chiang HL, Chiarelli R, Chiba T, Chin LS, Chiou SH, Chisari FV, Cho CH, Cho DH, Choi AM, Choi D, Choi KS, Choi ME, Chouaib S, Choubey D, Choubey V, Chu CT, Chuang TH, Chueh SH, Chun T, Chwae YJ, Chye ML, Ciarcia R, Ciriolo MR, Clague MJ, Clark RS, Clarke PG, Clarke R, Codogno P, Coller HA, Colombo MI, Comincini S, Condello M, Condorelli F, Cookson MR, Coombs GH, Coppens I, Corbalan R, Cossart P, Costelli P, Costes S, Coto-Montes A, Couve E, Coxon FP, Cregg JM, Crespo JL, Cronjé MJ, Cuervo AM, Cullen JJ, Czaja MJ, D'Amelio M, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Davids LM, Davies FE, De Felici M, de Groot JF, de Haan CA, De Martino L, De Milito A, De Tata V, Debnath J, Degterev A, Dehay B, Delbridge LM, Demarchi F, Deng YZ, Dengjel J, Dent P, Denton D, Deretic V, Desai SD, Devenish RJ, Di Gioacchino M, Di Paolo G, Di Pietro C, Díaz-Araya G, Díaz-Laviada I, Diaz-Meco MT, Diaz-Nido J, Dikic I, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Ding WX, Distelhorst CW, Diwan A, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Dokudovskaya S, Dong Z, Dorsey FC, Dosenko V, Dowling JJ, Doxsey S, Dreux M, Drew ME, Duan Q, Duchosal MA, Duff KE, Dugail I, Durbeej M, Duszenko M, Edelstein CL, Edinger AL, Egea G, Eichinger L, Eissa NT, Ekmekcioglu S, El-Deiry WS, Elazar Z, Elgendy M, Ellerby LM, Eng KE, Engelbrecht AM, Engelender S, Erenpreisa J, Escalante R, Esclatine A, Eskelinen EL, Espert L, Espina V, Fan H, Fan J, Fan QW, Fan Z, Fang S, Fang Y, Fanto M, Fanzani A, Farkas T, Farre JC, Faure M, Fechheimer M, Feng CG, Feng J, Feng Q, Feng Y, Fésüs L, Feuer R, Figueiredo-Pereira ME, Fimia GM, Fingar DC, Finkbeiner S, Finkel T, Finley KD, Fiorito F, Fisher EA, Fisher PB, Flajolet M, Florez-McClure ML, Florio S, Fon EA, Fornai F, Fortunato F, Fotedar R, Fowler DH, Fox HS, Franco R, Frankel LB, Fransen M, Fuentes JM, Fueyo J, Fujii J, Fujisaki K, Fujita E, Fukuda M, Furukawa RH, Gaestel M, Gailly P, Gajewska M, Galliot B, Galy V, Ganesh S, Ganetzky B, Ganley IG, Gao FB, Gao GF, Gao J, Garcia L, Garcia-Manero G, Garcia-Marcos M, Garmyn M, Gartel AL, Gatti E, Gautel M, Gawriluk TR, Gegg ME, Geng J, Germain M, Gestwicki JE, Gewirtz DA, Ghavami S, Ghosh P, Giammarioli AM, Giatromanolaki AN, Gibson SB, Gilkerson RW, Ginger ML, Ginsberg HN, Golab J, Goligorsky MS, Golstein P, Gomez-Manzano C, Goncu E, Gongora C, Gonzalez CD, Gonzalez R, González-Estévez C, González-Polo RA, Gonzalez-Rey E, Gorbunov NV, Gorski S, Goruppi S, Gottlieb RA, Gozuacik D, Granato GE, Grant GD, Green KN, Gregorc A, Gros F, Grose C, Grunt TW, Gual P, Guan JL, Guan KL, Guichard SM, Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I, Gunst J, Gustafsson ÅB, Halayko AJ, Hale AN, Halonen SK, Hamasaki M, Han F, Han T, Hancock MK, Hansen M, Harada H, Harada M, Hardt SE, Harper JW, Harris AL, Harris J, Harris SD, Hashimoto M, Haspel JA, Hayashi SI, Hazelhurst LA, He C, He YW, Hébert MJ, Heidenreich KA, Helfrich MH, Helgason GV, Henske EP, Herman B, Herman PK, Hetz C, Hilfiker S, Hill JA, Hocking LJ, Hofman P, Hofmann TG, Höhfeld J, Holyoake TL, Hong MH, Hood DA, Hotamisligil GS, Houwerzijl EJ, Høyer-Hansen M, Hu B, Hu CAA, Hu HM, Hua Y, Huang C, Huang J, Huang S, Huang WP, Huber TB, Huh WK, Hung TH, Hupp TR, Hur GM, Hurley JB, Hussain SN, Hussey PJ, Hwang JJ, Hwang S, Ichihara A, Ilkhanizadeh S, Inoki K, Into T, Iovane V, Iovanna JL, Ip NY, Isaka Y, Ishida H, Isidoro C, Isobe KI, Iwasaki A, Izquierdo M, Izumi Y, Jaakkola PM, Jäättelä M, Jackson GR, Jackson WT, Janji B, Jendrach M, Jeon JH, Jeung EB, Jiang H, Jiang H, Jiang JX, Jiang M, Jiang Q, Jiang X, Jiang X, Jiménez A, Jin M, Jin SV, Joe CO, Johansen T, Johnson DE, Johnson GV, Jones NL, Joseph B, Joseph SK, Joubert AM, Juhász G, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Jung CH, Jung YK, Kaarniranta K, Kaasik A, Kabuta T, Kadowaki M, Kågedal K, Kamada Y, Kaminskyy VO, Kampinga HH, Kanamori H, Kang C, Kang KB, Kang KI, Kang R, Kang YA, Kanki T, Kanneganti TD, Kanno H, Kanthasamy AG, Kanthasamy A, Karantza V, Kaushal GP, Kaushik S, Kawazoe Y, Ke PY, Kehrl JH, Kelekar A, Kerkhoff C, Kessel DH, Khalil H, Kiel JA, Kiger AA, Kihara A, Kim DR, Kim DH, Kim DH, Kim EK, Kim HR, Kim JS, Kim JH, Kim JC, Kim JK, Kim PK, Kim SW, Kim YS, Kim Y, Kimchi A, Kimmelman AC, King JS, Kinsella TJ, Kirkin V, Kirshenbaum LA, Kitamoto K, Kitazato K, Klein L, Klimecki WT, Klucken J, Knecht E, Ko BC, Koch JC, Koga H, Koh JY, Koh YH, Koike M, Komatsu M, Kominami E, Kong HJ, Kong WJ, Korolchuk VI, Kotake Y, Koukourakis MI, Flores JBK, Kovács AL, Kraft C, Krainc D, Krämer H, Kretz-Remy C, Krichevsky AM, Kroemer G, Krüger R, Krut O, Ktistakis NT, Kuan CY, Kucharczyk R, Kumar A, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kundu M, Kung HJ, Kurz T, Kwon HJ, La Spada AR, Lafont F, Lamark T, Landry J, Lane JD, Lapaquette P, Laporte JF, László L, Lavandero S, Lavoie JN, Layfield R, Lazo PA, Le W, Le Cam L, Ledbetter DJ, Lee AJ, Lee BW, Lee GM, Lee J, lee JH, Lee M, Lee MS, Lee SH, Leeuwenburgh C, Legembre P, Legouis R, Lehmann M, Lei HY, Lei QY, Leib DA, Leiro J, Lemasters JJ, Lemoine A, Lesniak MS, Lev D, Levenson VV, Levine B, Levy E, Li F, Li JL, Li L, Li S, Li W, Li XJ, Li YB, Li YP, Liang C, Liang Q, Liao YF, Liberski PP, Lieberman A, Lim HJ, Lim KL, Lim K, Lin CF, Lin FC, Lin J, Lin JD, Lin K, Lin WW, Lin WC, Lin YL, Linden R, Lingor P, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Lisanti MP, Liton PB, Liu B, Liu CF, Liu K, Liu L, Liu QA, Liu W, Liu YC, Liu Y, Lockshin RA, Lok CN, Lonial S, Loos B, Lopez-Berestein G, López-Otín C, Lossi L, Lotze MT, Low P, Lu B, Lu B, Lu B, Lu Z, Luciano F, Lukacs NW, Lund AH, Lynch-Day MA, Ma Y, Macian F, MacKeigan JP, Macleod KF, Madeo F, Maiuri L, Maiuri MC, Malagoli D, Malicdan MCV, Malorni W, Man N, Mandelkow EM, Manon S, Manov I, Mao K, Mao X, Mao Z, Marambaud P, Marazziti D, Marcel YL, Marchbank K, Marchetti P, Marciniak SJ, Marcondes M, Mardi M, Marfe G, Mariño G, Markaki M, Marten MR, Martin SJ, Martinand-Mari C, Martinet W, Martinez-Vicente M, Masini M, Matarrese P, Matsuo S, Matteoni R, Mayer A, Mazure NM, McConkey DJ, McConnell MJ, McDermott C, McDonald C, McInerney GM, McKenna SL, McLaughlin B, McLean PJ, McMaster CR, McQuibban GA, Meijer AJ, Meisler MH, Meléndez A, Melia TJ, Melino G, Mena MA, Menendez JA, Menna-Barreto RFS, Menon MB, Menzies FM, Mercer CA, Merighi A, Merry DE, Meschini S, Meyer CG, Meyer TF, Miao CY, Miao JY, Michels PA, Michiels C, Mijaljica D, Milojkovic A, Minucci S, Miracco C, Miranti CK, Mitroulis I, Miyazawa K, Mizushima N, Mograbi B, Mohseni S, Molero X, Mollereau B, Mollinedo F, Momoi T, Monastyrska I, Monick MM, Monteiro MJ, Moore MN, Mora R, Moreau K, Moreira PI, Moriyasu Y, Moscat J, Mostowy S, Mottram JC, Motyl T, Moussa CEH, Müller S, Muller S, Münger K, Münz C, Murphy LO, Murphy ME, Musarò A, Mysorekar I, Nagata E, Nagata K, Nahimana A, Nair U, Nakagawa T, Nakahira K, Nakano H, Nakatogawa H, Nanjundan M, Naqvi NI, Narendra DP, Narita M, Navarro M, Nawrocki ST, Nazarko TY, Nemchenko A, Netea MG, Neufeld TP, Ney PA, Nezis IP, Nguyen HP, Nie D, Nishino I, Nislow C, Nixon RA, Noda T, Noegel AA, Nogalska A, Noguchi S, Notterpek L, Novak I, Nozaki T, Nukina N, Nürnberger T, Nyfeler B, Obara K, Oberley TD, Oddo S, Ogawa M, Ohashi T, Okamoto K, Oleinick NL, Oliver FJ, Olsen LJ, Olsson S, Opota O, Osborne TF, Ostrander GK, Otsu K, Ou JHJ, Ouimet M, Overholtzer M, Ozpolat B, Paganetti P, Pagnini U, Pallet N, Palmer GE, Palumbo C, Pan T, Panaretakis T, Pandey UB, Papackova Z, Papassideri I, Paris I, Park J, Park OK, Parys JB, Parzych KR, Patschan S, Patterson C, Pattingre S, Pawelek JM, Peng J, Perlmutter DH, Perrotta I, Perry G, Pervaiz S, Peter M, Peters GJ, Petersen M, Petrovski G, Phang JM, Piacentini M, Pierre P, Pierrefite-Carle V, Pierron G, Pinkas-Kramarski R, Piras A, Piri N, Platanias LC, Pöggeler S, Poirot M, Poletti A, Poüs C, Pozuelo-Rubio M, Prætorius-Ibba M, Prasad A, Prescott M, Priault M, Produit-Zengaffinen N, Progulske-Fox A, Proikas-Cezanne T, Przedborski S, Przyklenk K, Puertollano R, Puyal J, Qian SB, Qin L, Qin ZH, Quaggin SE, Raben N, Rabinowich H, Rabkin SW, Rahman I, Rami A, Ramm G, Randall G, Randow F, Rao VA, Rathmell JC, Ravikumar B, Ray SK, Reed BH, Reed JC, Reggiori F, Régnier-Vigouroux A, Reichert AS, Reiners, Jr. JJ, Reiter RJ, Ren J, Revuelta JL, Rhodes CJ, Ritis K, Rizzo E, Robbins J, Roberge M, Roca H, Roccheri MC, Rocchi S, Rodemann HP, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Rohrer B, Roninson IB, Rosen K, Rost-Roszkowska MM, Rouis M, Rouschop KM, Rovetta F, Rubin BP, Rubinsztein DC, Ruckdeschel K, Rucker EB, Rudich A, Rudolf E, Ruiz-Opazo N, Russo R, Rusten TE, Ryan KM, Ryter SW, Sabatini DM, Sadoshima J, Saha T, Saitoh T, Sakagami H, Sakai Y, Salekdeh GH, Salomoni P, Salvaterra PM, Salvesen G, Salvioli R, Sanchez AM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA, Sánchez-Prieto R, Sandri M, Sankar U, Sansanwal P, Santambrogio L, Saran S, Sarkar S, Sarwal M, Sasakawa C, Sasnauskiene A, Sass M, Sato K, Sato M, Schapira AH, Scharl M, Schätzl HM, Scheper W, Schiaffino S, Schneider C, Schneider ME, Schneider-Stock R, Schoenlein PV, Schorderet DF, Schüller C, Schwartz GK, Scorrano L, Sealy L, Seglen PO, Segura-Aguilar J, Seiliez I, Seleverstov O, Sell C, Seo JB, Separovic D, Setaluri V, Setoguchi T, Settembre C, Shacka JJ, Shanmugam M, Shapiro IM, Shaulian E, Shaw RJ, Shelhamer JH, Shen HM. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 2012. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.19496 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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Klionsky DJ, Abdalla FC, Abeliovich H, Abraham RT, Acevedo-Arozena A, Adeli K, Agholme L, Agnello M, Agostinis P, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Ahn HJ, Ait-Mohamed O, Ait-Si-Ali S, Akematsu T, Akira S, Al-Younes HM, Al-Zeer MA, Albert ML, Albin RL, Alegre-Abarrategui J, Aleo MF, Alirezaei M, Almasan A, Almonte-Becerril M, Amano A, Amaravadi RK, Amarnath S, Amer AO, Andrieu-Abadie N, Anantharam V, Ann DK, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Aoki H, Apostolova N, Arancia G, Aris JP, Asanuma K, Asare NY, Ashida H, Askanas V, Askew DS, Auberger P, Baba M, Backues SK, Baehrecke EH, Bahr BA, Bai XY, Bailly Y, Baiocchi R, Baldini G, Balduini W, Ballabio A, Bamber BA, Bampton ET, Juhász G, Bartholomew CR, Bassham DC, Bast RC, Batoko H, Bay BH, Beau I, Béchet DM, Begley TJ, Behl C, Behrends C, Bekri S, Bellaire B, Bendall LJ, Benetti L, Berliocchi L, Bernardi H, Bernassola F, Besteiro S, Bhatia-Kissova I, Bi X, Biard-Piechaczyk M, Blum JS, Boise LH, Bonaldo P, Boone DL, Bornhauser BC, Bortoluci KR, Bossis I, Bost F, Bourquin JP, Boya P, Boyer-Guittaut M, Bozhkov PV, Brady NR, Brancolini C, Brech A, Brenman JE, Brennand A, Bresnick EH, Brest P, Bridges D, Bristol ML, Brookes PS, Brown EJ, Brumell JH, Shen WC, Sheng ZH, Shi Y, Shibuya K, Shidoji Y, Shieh JJ, Shih CM, Shimada Y, Shimizu S, Shintani T, Brunetti-Pierri N, Shirihai OS, Shore GC, Sibirny AA, Sidhu SB, Sikorska B, Silva-Zacarin EC, Simmons A, Simon AK, Simon HU, Simone C, Brunk UT, Simonsen A, Sinclair DA, Singh R, Sinha D, Sinicrope FA, Sirko A, Siu PM, Sivridis E, Skop V, Skulachev VP, Bulman DE, Slack RS, Smaili SS, Smith DR, Soengas MS, Soldati T, Song X, Sood AK, Soong TW, Sotgia F, Spector SA, Bultman SJ, Spies CD, Springer W, Srinivasula SM, Stefanis L, Steffan JS, Stendel R, Stenmark H, Stephanou A, Stern ST, Sternberg C, Bultynck G, Stork B, Strålfors P, Subauste CS, Sui X, Sulzer D, Sun J, Sun SY, Sun ZJ, Sung JJ, Suzuki K, Burbulla LF, Suzuki T, Swanson MS, Swanton C, Sweeney ST, Sy LK, Szabadkai G, Tabas I, Taegtmeyer H, Tafani M, Takács-Vellai K, Bursch W, Takano Y, Takegawa K, Takemura G, Takeshita F, Talbot NJ, Tan KS, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Tang D, Tang D, Butchar JP, Tanida I, Tannous BA, Tavernarakis N, Taylor GS, Taylor GA, Taylor JP, Terada LS, Terman A, Tettamanti G, Thevissen K, Buzgariu W, Thompson CB, Thorburn A, Thumm M, Tian F, Tian Y, Tocchini-Valentini G, Tolkovsky AM, Tomino Y, Tönges L, Tooze SA, Bydlowski SP, Tournier C, Tower J, Towns R, Trajkovic V, Travassos LH, Tsai TF, Tschan MP, Tsubata T, Tsung A, Turk B, Cadwell K, Turner LS, Tyagi SC, Uchiyama Y, Ueno T, Umekawa M, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Unni VK, Vaccaro MI, Valente EM, Van den Berghe G, Cahová M, van der Klei IJ, van Doorn WG, van Dyk LF, van Egmond M, van Grunsven LA, Vandenabeele P, Vandenberghe WP, Vanhorebeek I, Vaquero EC, Velasco G, Cai D, Vellai T, Vicencio JM, Vierstra RD, Vila M, Vindis C, Viola G, Viscomi MT, Voitsekhovskaja OV, von Haefen C, Votruba M, Cai J, Wada K, Wade-Martins R, Walker CL, Walsh CM, Walter J, Wan XB, Wang A, Wang C, Wang D, Wang F, Cai Q, Wang F, Wang G, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang HD, Wang J, Wang K, Wang M, Wang RC, Wang X, Calabretta B, Wang XJ, Wang YJ, Wang Y, Wang ZB, Wang ZC, Wang Z, Wansink DG, Ward DM, Watada H, Waters SL, Calvo-Garrido J, Webster P, Wei L, Weihl CC, Weiss WA, Welford SM, Wen LP, Whitehouse CA, Whitton JL, Whitworth AJ, Wileman T, Camougrand N, Wiley JW, Wilkinson S, Willbold D, Williams RL, Williamson PR, Wouters BG, Wu C, Wu DC, Wu WK, Wyttenbach A, Campanella M, Xavier RJ, Xi Z, Xia P, Xiao G, Xie Z, Xie Z, Xu DZ, Xu J, Xu L, Xu X, Campos-Salinas J, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto A, Yamashina S, Yamashita M, Yan X, Yanagida M, Yang DS, Yang E, Yang JM, Yang SY, Candi E, Yang W, Yang WY, Yang Z, Yao MC, Yao TP, Yeganeh B, Yen WL, Yin JJ, Yin XM, Yoo OJ, Cao L, Yoon G, Yoon SY, Yorimitsu T, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshimori T, Yoshimoto K, You HJ, Youle RJ, Younes A, Yu L, Caplan AB, Yu L, Yu SW, Yu WH, Yuan ZM, Yue Z, Yun CH, Yuzaki M, Zabirnyk O, Silva-Zacarin E, Zacks D, Carding SR, Zacksenhaus E, Zaffaroni N, Zakeri Z, Zeh, III HJ, Zeitlin SO, Zhang H, Zhang HL, Zhang J, Zhang JP, Zhang L, Cardoso SM, Zhang L, Zhang MY, Zhang XD, Zhao M, Zhao YF, Zhao Y, Zhao ZJ, Zheng X, Zhivotovsky B, Zhong Q, Carew JS, Zhou CZ, Zhu C, Zhu WG, Zhu XF, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Zoladek T, Zong WX, Zorzano A, Zschocke J, Carlin CR, Zuckerbraun B, Carmignac V, Carneiro LA, Carra S, Caruso RA, Casari G, Casas C, Castino R, Cebollero E, Cecconi F, Celli J, Chaachouay H, Chae HJ, Chai CY, Chan DC, Chan EY, Chang RCC, Che CM, Chen CC, Chen GC, Chen GQ, Chen M, Chen Q, Chen SSL, Chen W, Chen X, Chen X, Chen X, Chen YG, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen YJ, Chen Z, Cheng A, Cheng CH, Cheng Y, Cheong H, Cheong JH, Cherry S, Chess-Williams R, Cheung ZH, Chevet E, Chiang HL, Chiarelli R, Chiba T, Chin LS, Chiou SH, Chisari FV, Cho CH, Cho DH, Choi AM, Choi D, Choi KS, Choi ME, Chouaib S, Choubey D, Choubey V, Chu CT, Chuang TH, Chueh SH, Chun T, Chwae YJ, Chye ML, Ciarcia R, Ciriolo MR, Clague MJ, Clark RS, Clarke PG, Clarke R, Codogno P, Coller HA, Colombo MI, Comincini S, Condello M, Condorelli F, Cookson MR, Coombs GH, Coppens I, Corbalan R, Cossart P, Costelli P, Costes S, Coto-Montes A, Couve E, Coxon FP, Cregg JM, Crespo JL, Cronjé MJ, Cuervo AM, Cullen JJ, Czaja MJ, D'Amelio M, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Davids LM, Davies FE, De Felici M, de Groot JF, de Haan CA, De Martino L, De Milito A, De Tata V, Debnath J, Degterev A, Dehay B, Delbridge LM, Demarchi F, Deng YZ, Dengjel J, Dent P, Denton D, Deretic V, Desai SD, Devenish RJ, Di Gioacchino M, Di Paolo G, Di Pietro C, Díaz-Araya G, Díaz-Laviada I, Diaz-Meco MT, Diaz-Nido J, Dikic I, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Ding WX, Distelhorst CW, Diwan A, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Dokudovskaya S, Dong Z, Dorsey FC, Dosenko V, Dowling JJ, Doxsey S, Dreux M, Drew ME, Duan Q, Duchosal MA, Duff KE, Dugail I, Durbeej M, Duszenko M, Edelstein CL, Edinger AL, Egea G, Eichinger L, Eissa NT, Ekmekcioglu S, El-Deiry WS, Elazar Z, Elgendy M, Ellerby LM, Eng KE, Engelbrecht AM, Engelender S, Erenpreisa J, Escalante R, Esclatine A, Eskelinen EL, Espert L, Espina V, Fan H, Fan J, Fan QW, Fan Z, Fang S, Fang Y, Fanto M, Fanzani A, Farkas T, Farre JC, Faure M, Fechheimer M, Feng CG, Feng J, Feng Q, Feng Y, Fésüs L, Feuer R, Figueiredo-Pereira ME, Fimia GM, Fingar DC, Finkbeiner S, Finkel T, Finley KD, Fiorito F, Fisher EA, Fisher PB, Flajolet M, Florez-McClure ML, Florio S, Fon EA, Fornai F, Fortunato F, Fotedar R, Fowler DH, Fox HS, Franco R, Frankel LB, Fransen M, Fuentes JM, Fueyo J, Fujii J, Fujisaki K, Fujita E, Fukuda M, Furukawa RH, Gaestel M, Gailly P, Gajewska M, Galliot B, Galy V, Ganesh S, Ganetzky B, Ganley IG, Gao FB, Gao GF, Gao J, Garcia L, Garcia-Manero G, Garcia-Marcos M, Garmyn M, Gartel AL, Gatti E, Gautel M, Gawriluk TR, Gegg ME, Geng J, Germain M, Gestwicki JE, Gewirtz DA, Ghavami S, Ghosh P, Giammarioli AM, Giatromanolaki AN, Gibson SB, Gilkerson RW, Ginger ML, Ginsberg HN, Golab J, Goligorsky MS, Golstein P, Gomez-Manzano C, Goncu E, Gongora C, Gonzalez CD, Gonzalez R, González-Estévez C, González-Polo RA, Gonzalez-Rey E, Gorbunov NV, Gorski S, Goruppi S, Gottlieb RA, Gozuacik D, Granato GE, Grant GD, Green KN, Gregorc A, Gros F, Grose C, Grunt TW, Gual P, Guan JL, Guan KL, Guichard SM, Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I, Gunst J, Gustafsson ÅB, Halayko AJ, Hale AN, Halonen SK, Hamasaki M, Han F, Han T, Hancock MK, Hansen M, Harada H, Harada M, Hardt SE, Harper JW, Harris AL, Harris J, Harris SD, Hashimoto M, Haspel JA, Hayashi SI, Hazelhurst LA, He C, He YW, Hébert MJ, Heidenreich KA, Helfrich MH, Helgason GV, Henske EP, Herman B, Herman PK, Hetz C, Hilfiker S, Hill JA, Hocking LJ, Hofman P, Hofmann TG, Höhfeld J, Holyoake TL, Hong MH, Hood DA, Hotamisligil GS, Houwerzijl EJ, Høyer-Hansen M, Hu B, Hu CAA, Hu HM, Hua Y, Huang C, Huang J, Huang S, Huang WP, Huber TB, Huh WK, Hung TH, Hupp TR, Hur GM, Hurley JB, Hussain SN, Hussey PJ, Hwang JJ, Hwang S, Ichihara A, Ilkhanizadeh S, Inoki K, Into T, Iovane V, Iovanna JL, Ip NY, Isaka Y, Ishida H, Isidoro C, Isobe KI, Iwasaki A, Izquierdo M, Izumi Y, Jaakkola PM, Jäättelä M, Jackson GR, Jackson WT, Janji B, Jendrach M, Jeon JH, Jeung EB, Jiang H, Jiang H, Jiang JX, Jiang M, Jiang Q, Jiang X, Jiang X, Jiménez A, Jin M, Jin SV, Joe CO, Johansen T, Johnson DE, Johnson GV, Jones NL, Joseph B, Joseph SK, Joubert AM, Juhász G, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Jung CH, Jung YK, Kaarniranta K, Kaasik A, Kabuta T, Kadowaki M, Kågedal K, Kamada Y, Kaminskyy VO, Kampinga HH, Kanamori H, Kang C, Kang KB, Kang KI, Kang R, Kang YA, Kanki T, Kanneganti TD, Kanno H, Kanthasamy AG, Kanthasamy A, Karantza V, Kaushal GP, Kaushik S, Kawazoe Y, Ke PY, Kehrl JH, Kelekar A, Kerkhoff C, Kessel DH, Khalil H, Kiel JA, Kiger AA, Kihara A, Kim DR, Kim DH, Kim DH, Kim EK, Kim HR, Kim JS, Kim JH, Kim JC, Kim JK, Kim PK, Kim SW, Kim YS, Kim Y, Kimchi A, Kimmelman AC, King JS, Kinsella TJ, Kirkin V, Kirshenbaum LA, Kitamoto K, Kitazato K, Klein L, Klimecki WT, Klucken J, Knecht E, Ko BC, Koch JC, Koga H, Koh JY, Koh YH, Koike M, Komatsu M, Kominami E, Kong HJ, Kong WJ, Korolchuk VI, Kotake Y, Koukourakis MI, Flores JBK, Kovács AL, Kraft C, Krainc D, Krämer H, Kretz-Remy C, Krichevsky AM, Kroemer G, Krüger R, Krut O, Ktistakis NT, Kuan CY, Kucharczyk R, Kumar A, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kundu M, Kung HJ, Kurz T, Kwon HJ, La Spada AR, Lafont F, Lamark T, Landry J, Lane JD, Lapaquette P, Laporte JF, László L, Lavandero S, Lavoie JN, Layfield R, Lazo PA, Le W, Le Cam L, Ledbetter DJ, Lee AJ, Lee BW, Lee GM, Lee J, lee JH, Lee M, Lee MS, Lee SH, Leeuwenburgh C, Legembre P, Legouis R, Lehmann M, Lei HY, Lei QY, Leib DA, Leiro J, Lemasters JJ, Lemoine A, Lesniak MS, Lev D, Levenson VV, Levine B, Levy E, Li F, Li JL, Li L, Li S, Li W, Li XJ, Li YB, Li YP, Liang C, Liang Q, Liao YF, Liberski PP, Lieberman A, Lim HJ, Lim KL, Lim K, Lin CF, Lin FC, Lin J, Lin JD, Lin K, Lin WW, Lin WC, Lin YL, Linden R, Lingor P, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Lisanti MP, Liton PB, Liu B, Liu CF, Liu K, Liu L, Liu QA, Liu W, Liu YC, Liu Y, Lockshin RA, Lok CN, Lonial S, Loos B, Lopez-Berestein G, López-Otín C, Lossi L, Lotze MT, Low P, Lu B, Lu B, Lu B, Lu Z, Luciano F, Lukacs NW, Lund AH, Lynch-Day MA, Ma Y, Macian F, MacKeigan JP, Macleod KF, Madeo F, Maiuri L, Maiuri MC, Malagoli D, Malicdan MCV, Malorni W, Man N, Mandelkow EM, Manon S, Manov I, Mao K, Mao X, Mao Z, Marambaud P, Marazziti D, Marcel YL, Marchbank K, Marchetti P, Marciniak SJ, Marcondes M, Mardi M, Marfe G, Mariño G, Markaki M, Marten MR, Martin SJ, Martinand-Mari C, Martinet W, Martinez-Vicente M, Masini M, Matarrese P, Matsuo S, Matteoni R, Mayer A, Mazure NM, McConkey DJ, McConnell MJ, McDermott C, McDonald C, McInerney GM, McKenna SL, McLaughlin B, McLean PJ, McMaster CR, McQuibban GA, Meijer AJ, Meisler MH, Meléndez A, Melia TJ, Melino G, Mena MA, Menendez JA, Menna-Barreto RFS, Menon MB, Menzies FM, Mercer CA, Merighi A, Merry DE, Meschini S, Meyer CG, Meyer TF, Miao CY, Miao JY, Michels PA, Michiels C, Mijaljica D, Milojkovic A, Minucci S, Miracco C, Miranti CK, Mitroulis I, Miyazawa K, Mizushima N, Mograbi B, Mohseni S, Molero X, Mollereau B, Mollinedo F, Momoi T, Monastyrska I, Monick MM, Monteiro MJ, Moore MN, Mora R, Moreau K, Moreira PI, Moriyasu Y, Moscat J, Mostowy S, Mottram JC, Motyl T, Moussa CEH, Müller S, Muller S, Münger K, Münz C, Murphy LO, Murphy ME, Musarò A, Mysorekar I, Nagata E, Nagata K, Nahimana A, Nair U, Nakagawa T, Nakahira K, Nakano H, Nakatogawa H, Nanjundan M, Naqvi NI, Narendra DP, Narita M, Navarro M, Nawrocki ST, Nazarko TY, Nemchenko A, Netea MG, Neufeld TP, Ney PA, Nezis IP, Nguyen HP, Nie D, Nishino I, Nislow C, Nixon RA, Noda T, Noegel AA, Nogalska A, Noguchi S, Notterpek L, Novak I, Nozaki T, Nukina N, Nürnberger T, Nyfeler B, Obara K, Oberley TD, Oddo S, Ogawa M, Ohashi T, Okamoto K, Oleinick NL, Oliver FJ, Olsen LJ, Olsson S, Opota O, Osborne TF, Ostrander GK, Otsu K, Ou JHJ, Ouimet M, Overholtzer M, Ozpolat B, Paganetti P, Pagnini U, Pallet N, Palmer GE, Palumbo C, Pan T, Panaretakis T, Pandey UB, Papackova Z, Papassideri I, Paris I, Park J, Park OK, Parys JB, Parzych KR, Patschan S, Patterson C, Pattingre S, Pawelek JM, Peng J, Perlmutter DH, Perrotta I, Perry G, Pervaiz S, Peter M, Peters GJ, Petersen M, Petrovski G, Phang JM, Piacentini M, Pierre P, Pierrefite-Carle V, Pierron G, Pinkas-Kramarski R, Piras A, Piri N, Platanias LC, Pöggeler S, Poirot M, Poletti A, Poüs C, Pozuelo-Rubio M, Prætorius-Ibba M, Prasad A, Prescott M, Priault M, Produit-Zengaffinen N, Progulske-Fox A, Proikas-Cezanne T, Przedborski S, Przyklenk K, Puertollano R, Puyal J, Qian SB, Qin L, Qin ZH, Quaggin SE, Raben N, Rabinowich H, Rabkin SW, Rahman I, Rami A, Ramm G, Randall G, Randow F, Rao VA, Rathmell JC, Ravikumar B, Ray SK, Reed BH, Reed JC, Reggiori F, Régnier-Vigouroux A, Reichert AS, Reiners, Jr. JJ, Reiter RJ, Ren J, Revuelta JL, Rhodes CJ, Ritis K, Rizzo E, Robbins J, Roberge M, Roca H, Roccheri MC, Rocchi S, Rodemann HP, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, 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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 2012. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.19496 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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Klionsky DJ, Abdalla FC, Abeliovich H, Abraham RT, Acevedo-Arozena A, Adeli K, Agholme L, Agnello M, Agostinis P, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Ahn HJ, Ait-Mohamed O, Ait-Si-Ali S, Akematsu T, Akira S, Al-Younes HM, Al-Zeer MA, Albert ML, Albin RL, Alegre-Abarrategui J, Aleo MF, Alirezaei M, Almasan A, Almonte-Becerril M, Amano A, Amaravadi R, Amarnath S, Amer AO, Andrieu-Abadie N, Anantharam V, Ann DK, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Aoki H, Apostolova N, Arancia G, Aris JP, Asanuma K, Asare NYO, Ashida H, Askanas V, Askew DS, Auberger P, Baba M, Backues SK, Baehrecke EH, Bahr BA, Bai XY, Bailly Y, Baiocchi R, Baldini G, Balduini W, Ballabio A, Bamber BA, Bampton ETW, Bánhegyi G, Bartholomew CR, Bassham DC, Bast RC, Batoko H, Bay BH, Beau I, Béchet DM, Begley TJ, Behl C, Behrends C, Bekri S, Bellaire B, Bendall LJ, Benetti L, Berliocchi L, Bernardi H, Bernassola F, Besteiro S, Bhatia-Kissova I, Bi X, Biard-Piechaczyk M, Blum JS, Boise LH, Bonaldo P, Boone DL, Bornhauser BC, Bortoluci KR, Bossis I, Bost F, Bourquin JP, Boya P, Boyer-Guittaut M, Bozhkov PV, Brady NR, Brancolini C, Brech A, Brenman JE, Brennand A, Bresnick EH, Brest P, Bridges D, Bristol ML, Brookes PS, Brown EJ, Brumell JH, Brunetti-Pierri N, Brunk UT, Bulman DE, Bultman SJ, Bultynck G, Burbulla LF, Bursch W, Butchar JP, Buzgariu W, Bydlowski SP, Cadwell K, Cahová M, Cai D, Cai J, Cai Q, Calabretta B, Calvo-Garrido J, Camougrand N, Campanella M, Campos-Salinas J, Candi E, Cao L, Caplan AB, Carding SR, Cardoso SM, Carew JS, Carlin CR, Carmignac V, Carneiro LAM, Carra S, Caruso RA, Casari G, Casas C, Castino R, Cebollero E, Cecconi F, Celli J, Chaachouay H, Chae HJ, Chai CY, Chan DC, Chan EY, Chang RCC, Che CM, Chen CC, Chen GC, Chen GQ, Chen M, Chen Q, Chen SSL, Chen W, Chen X, Chen X, Chen X, Chen YG, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen YJ, Chen Z, Cheng A, Cheng CHK, Cheng Y, Cheong H, Cheong JH, Cherry S, Chess-Williams R, Cheung ZH, Chevet E, Chiang HL, Chiarelli R, Chiba T, Chin LS, Chiou SH, Chisari FV, Cho CH, Cho DH, Choi AMK, Choi D, Choi KS, Choi ME, Chouaib S, Choubey D, Choubey V, Chu CT, Chuang TH, Chueh SH, Chun T, Chwae YJ, Chye ML, Ciarcia R, Ciriolo MR, Clague MJ, Clark RSB, Clarke PGH, Clarke R, Codogno P, Coller HA, Colombo MI, Comincini S, Condello M, Condorelli F, Cookson MR, Coombs GH, Coppens I, Corbalan R, Cossart P, Costelli P, Costes S, Coto-Montes A, Couve E, Coxon FP, Cregg JM, Crespo JL, Cronjé MJ, Cuervo AM, Cullen JJ, Czaja MJ, D'Amelio M, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Davids LM, Davies FE, De Felici M, de Groot JF, de Haan CAM, De Martino L, De Milito A, De Tata V, Debnath J, Degterev A, Dehay B, Delbridge LMD, Demarchi F, Deng YZ, Dengjel J, Dent P, Denton D, Deretic V, Desai SD, Devenish RJ, Di Gioacchino M, Di Paolo G, Di Pietro C, Díaz-Araya G, Díaz-Laviada I, Diaz-Meco MT, Diaz-Nido J, Dikic I, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Ding WX, Distelhorst CW, Diwan A, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Dokudovskaya S, Dong Z, Dorsey FC, Dosenko V, Dowling JJ, Doxsey S, Dreux M, Drew ME, Duan Q, Duchosal MA, Duff K, Dugail I, Durbeej M, Duszenko M, Edelstein CL, Edinger AL, Egea G, Eichinger L, Eissa NT, Ekmekcioglu S, El-Deiry WS, Elazar Z, Elgendy M, Ellerby LM, Eng KE, Engelbrecht AM, Engelender S, Erenpreisa J, Escalante R, Esclatine A, Eskelinen EL, Espert L, Espina V, Fan H, Fan J, Fan QW, Fan Z, Fang S, Fang Y, Fanto M, Fanzani A, Farkas T, Farré JC, Faure M, Fechheimer M, Feng CG, Feng J, Feng Q, Feng Y, Fésüs L, Feuer R, Figueiredo-Pereira ME, Fimia GM, Fingar DC, Finkbeiner S, Finkel T, Finley KD, Fiorito F, Fisher EA, Fisher PB, Flajolet M, Florez-McClure ML, Florio S, Fon EA, Fornai F, Fortunato F, Fotedar R, Fowler DH, Fox HS, Franco R, Frankel LB, Fransen M, Fuentes JM, Fueyo J, Fujii J, Fujisaki K, Fujita E, Fukuda M, Furukawa RH, Gaestel M, Gailly P, Gajewska M, Galliot B, Galy V, Ganesh S, Ganetzky B, Ganley IG, Gao FB, Gao GF, Gao J, Garcia L, Garcia-Manero G, Garcia-Marcos M, Garmyn M, Gartel AL, Gatti E, Gautel M, Gawriluk TR, Gegg ME, Geng J, Germain M, Gestwicki JE, Gewirtz DA, Ghavami S, Ghosh P, Giammarioli AM, Giatromanolaki AN, Gibson SB, Gilkerson RW, Ginger ML, Ginsberg HN, Golab J, Goligorsky MS, Golstein P, Gomez-Manzano C, Goncu E, Gongora C, Gonzalez CD, Gonzalez R, González-Estévez C, González-Polo RA, Gonzalez-Rey E, Gorbunov NV, Gorski S, Goruppi S, Gottlieb RA, Gozuacik D, Granato GE, Grant GD, Green KN, Gregorc A, Gros F, Grose C, Grunt TW, Gual P, Guan JL, Guan KL, Guichard SM, Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I, Gunst J, Gustafsson AB, Halayko AJ, Hale AN, Halonen SK, Hamasaki M, Han F, Han T, Hancock MK, Hansen M, Harada H, Harada M, Hardt SE, Harper JW, Harris AL, Harris J, Harris SD, Hashimoto M, Haspel JA, Hayashi SI, Hazelhurst LA, He C, He YW, Hébert MJ, Heidenreich KA, Helfrich MH, Helgason GV, Henske EP, Herman B, Herman PK, Hetz C, Hilfiker S, Hill JA, Hocking LJ, Hofman P, Hofmann TG, Höhfeld J, Holyoake TL, Hong MH, Hood DA, Hotamisligil GS, Houwerzijl EJ, Høyer-Hansen M, Hu B, Hu CAA, Hu HM, Hua Y, Huang C, Huang J, Huang S, Huang WP, Huber TB, 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JL, Whitworth AJ, Wileman T, Wiley JW, Wilkinson S, Willbold D, Williams RL, Williamson PR, Wouters BG, Wu C, Wu DC, Wu WKK, Wyttenbach A, Xavier RJ, Xi Z, Xia P, Xiao G, Xie Z, Xie Z, Xu DZ, Xu J, Xu L, Xu X, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto A, Yamashina S, Yamashita M, Yan X, Yanagida M, Yang DS, Yang E, Yang JM, Yang SY, Yang W, Yang WY, Yang Z, Yao MC, Yao TP, Yeganeh B, Yen WL, Yin JJ, Yin XM, Yoo OJ, Yoon G, Yoon SY, Yorimitsu T, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshimori T, Yoshimoto K, You HJ, Youle RJ, Younes A, Yu L, Yu L, Yu SW, Yu WH, Yuan ZM, Yue Z, Yun CH, Yuzaki M, Zabirnyk O, Silva-Zacarin E, Zacks D, Zacksenhaus E, Zaffaroni N, Zakeri Z, Zeh HJ, Zeitlin SO, Zhang H, Zhang HL, Zhang J, Zhang JP, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang MY, Zhang XD, Zhao M, Zhao YF, Zhao Y, Zhao ZJ, Zheng X, Zhivotovsky B, Zhong Q, Zhou CZ, Zhu C, Zhu WG, Zhu XF, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Zoladek T, Zong WX, Zorzano A, Zschocke J, Zuckerbraun B. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 2012; 8:445-544. [PMID: 22966490 PMCID: PMC3404883 DOI: 10.4161/auto.19496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2742] [Impact Index Per Article: 228.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Klionsky DJ, Abdalla FC, Abeliovich H, Abraham RT, Acevedo-Arozena A, Adeli K, Agholme L, Agnello M, Agostinis P, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Ahn HJ, Ait-Mohamed O, Ait-Si-Ali S, Akematsu T, Akira S, Al-Younes HM, Al-Zeer MA, Albert ML, Albin RL, Alegre-Abarrategui J, Aleo MF, Alirezaei M, Almasan A, Almonte-Becerril M, Amano A, Amaravadi RK, Amarnath S, Amer AO, Andrieu-Abadie N, Anantharam V, Ann DK, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Aoki H, Apostolova N, Arancia G, Aris JP, Asanuma K, Asare NY, Ashida H, Askanas V, Askew DS, Auberger P, Baba M, Backues SK, Baehrecke EH, Bahr BA, Bai XY, Bailly Y, Baiocchi R, Baldini G, Balduini W, Ballabio A, Bamber BA, Bampton ET, Juhász G, Bartholomew CR, Bassham DC, Bast RC, Batoko H, Bay BH, Beau I, Béchet DM, Begley TJ, Behl C, Behrends C, Bekri S, Bellaire B, Bendall LJ, Benetti L, Berliocchi L, Bernardi H, Bernassola F, Besteiro S, Bhatia-Kissova I, Bi X, Biard-Piechaczyk M, Blum JS, Boise LH, Bonaldo P, Boone DL, Bornhauser BC, Bortoluci KR, Bossis I, Bost F, Bourquin JP, Boya P, Boyer-Guittaut M, Bozhkov PV, Brady NR, Brancolini C, Brech A, Brenman JE, Brennand A, Bresnick EH, Brest P, Bridges D, Bristol ML, Brookes PS, Brown EJ, Brumell JH, Shen WC, Sheng ZH, Shi Y, Shibuya K, Shidoji Y, Shieh JJ, Shih CM, Shimada Y, Shimizu S, Shintani T, Brunetti-Pierri N, Shirihai OS, Shore GC, Sibirny AA, Sidhu SB, Sikorska B, Silva-Zacarin EC, Simmons A, Simon AK, Simon HU, Simone C, Brunk UT, Simonsen A, Sinclair DA, Singh R, Sinha D, Sinicrope FA, Sirko A, Siu PM, Sivridis E, Skop V, Skulachev VP, Bulman DE, Slack RS, Smaili SS, Smith DR, Soengas MS, Soldati T, Song X, Sood AK, Soong TW, Sotgia F, Spector SA, Bultman SJ, Spies CD, Springer W, Srinivasula SM, Stefanis L, Steffan JS, Stendel R, Stenmark H, Stephanou A, Stern ST, Sternberg C, Bultynck G, Stork B, Strålfors P, Subauste CS, Sui X, Sulzer D, Sun J, Sun SY, Sun ZJ, Sung JJ, Suzuki K, Burbulla LF, Suzuki T, Swanson MS, Swanton C, Sweeney ST, Sy LK, Szabadkai G, Tabas I, Taegtmeyer H, Tafani M, Takács-Vellai K, Bursch W, Takano Y, Takegawa K, Takemura G, Takeshita F, Talbot NJ, Tan KS, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Tang D, Tang D, Butchar JP, Tanida I, Tannous BA, Tavernarakis N, Taylor GS, Taylor GA, Taylor JP, Terada LS, Terman A, Tettamanti G, Thevissen K, Buzgariu W, Thompson CB, Thorburn A, Thumm M, Tian F, Tian Y, Tocchini-Valentini G, Tolkovsky AM, Tomino Y, Tönges L, Tooze SA, Bydlowski SP, Tournier C, Tower J, Towns R, Trajkovic V, Travassos LH, Tsai TF, Tschan MP, Tsubata T, Tsung A, Turk B, Cadwell K, Turner LS, Tyagi SC, Uchiyama Y, Ueno T, Umekawa M, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Unni VK, Vaccaro MI, Valente EM, Van den Berghe G, Cahová M, van der Klei IJ, van Doorn WG, van Dyk LF, van Egmond M, van Grunsven LA, Vandenabeele P, Vandenberghe WP, Vanhorebeek I, Vaquero EC, Velasco G, Cai D, Vellai T, Vicencio JM, Vierstra RD, Vila M, Vindis C, Viola G, Viscomi MT, Voitsekhovskaja OV, von Haefen C, Votruba M, Cai J, Wada K, Wade-Martins R, Walker CL, Walsh CM, Walter J, Wan XB, Wang A, Wang C, Wang D, Wang F, Cai Q, Wang F, Wang G, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang HD, Wang J, Wang K, Wang M, Wang RC, Wang X, Calabretta B, Wang XJ, Wang YJ, Wang Y, Wang ZB, Wang ZC, Wang Z, Wansink DG, Ward DM, Watada H, Waters SL, Calvo-Garrido J, Webster P, Wei L, Weihl CC, Weiss WA, Welford SM, Wen LP, Whitehouse CA, Whitton JL, Whitworth AJ, Wileman T, Camougrand N, Wiley JW, Wilkinson S, Willbold D, Williams RL, Williamson PR, Wouters BG, Wu C, Wu DC, Wu WK, Wyttenbach A, Campanella M, Xavier RJ, Xi Z, Xia P, Xiao G, Xie Z, Xie Z, Xu DZ, Xu J, Xu L, Xu X, Campos-Salinas J, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto A, Yamashina S, Yamashita M, Yan X, Yanagida M, Yang DS, Yang E, Yang JM, Yang SY, Candi E, Yang W, Yang WY, Yang Z, Yao MC, Yao TP, Yeganeh B, Yen WL, Yin JJ, Yin XM, Yoo OJ, Cao L, Yoon G, Yoon SY, Yorimitsu T, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshimori T, Yoshimoto K, You HJ, Youle RJ, Younes A, Yu L, Caplan AB, Yu L, Yu SW, Yu WH, Yuan ZM, Yue Z, Yun CH, Yuzaki M, Zabirnyk O, Silva-Zacarin E, Zacks D, Carding SR, Zacksenhaus E, Zaffaroni N, Zakeri Z, Zeh, III HJ, Zeitlin SO, Zhang H, Zhang HL, Zhang J, Zhang JP, Zhang L, Cardoso SM, Zhang L, Zhang MY, Zhang XD, Zhao M, Zhao YF, Zhao Y, Zhao ZJ, Zheng X, Zhivotovsky B, Zhong Q, Carew JS, Zhou CZ, Zhu C, Zhu WG, Zhu XF, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Zoladek T, Zong WX, Zorzano A, Zschocke J, Carlin CR, Zuckerbraun B, Carmignac V, Carneiro LA, Carra S, Caruso RA, Casari G, Casas C, Castino R, Cebollero E, Cecconi F, Celli J, Chaachouay H, Chae HJ, Chai CY, Chan DC, Chan EY, Chang RCC, Che CM, Chen CC, Chen GC, Chen GQ, Chen M, Chen Q, Chen SSL, Chen W, Chen X, Chen X, Chen X, Chen YG, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen YJ, Chen Z, Cheng A, Cheng CH, Cheng Y, Cheong H, Cheong JH, Cherry S, Chess-Williams R, Cheung ZH, Chevet E, Chiang HL, Chiarelli R, Chiba T, Chin LS, Chiou SH, Chisari FV, Cho CH, Cho DH, Choi AM, Choi D, Choi KS, Choi ME, Chouaib S, Choubey D, Choubey V, Chu CT, Chuang TH, Chueh SH, Chun T, Chwae YJ, Chye ML, Ciarcia R, Ciriolo MR, Clague MJ, Clark RS, Clarke PG, Clarke R, Codogno P, Coller HA, Colombo MI, Comincini S, Condello M, Condorelli F, Cookson MR, Coombs GH, Coppens I, Corbalan R, Cossart P, Costelli P, Costes S, Coto-Montes A, Couve E, Coxon FP, Cregg JM, Crespo JL, Cronjé MJ, Cuervo AM, Cullen JJ, Czaja MJ, D'Amelio M, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Davids LM, Davies FE, De Felici M, de Groot JF, de Haan CA, De Martino L, De Milito A, De Tata V, Debnath J, Degterev A, Dehay B, Delbridge LM, Demarchi F, Deng YZ, Dengjel J, Dent P, Denton D, Deretic V, Desai SD, Devenish RJ, Di Gioacchino M, Di Paolo G, Di Pietro C, Díaz-Araya G, Díaz-Laviada I, Diaz-Meco MT, Diaz-Nido J, Dikic I, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Ding WX, Distelhorst CW, Diwan A, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Dokudovskaya S, Dong Z, Dorsey FC, Dosenko V, Dowling JJ, Doxsey S, Dreux M, Drew ME, Duan Q, Duchosal MA, Duff KE, Dugail I, Durbeej M, Duszenko M, Edelstein CL, Edinger AL, Egea G, Eichinger L, Eissa NT, Ekmekcioglu S, El-Deiry WS, Elazar Z, Elgendy M, Ellerby LM, Eng KE, Engelbrecht AM, Engelender S, Erenpreisa J, Escalante R, Esclatine A, Eskelinen EL, Espert L, Espina V, Fan H, Fan J, Fan QW, Fan Z, Fang S, Fang Y, Fanto M, Fanzani A, Farkas T, Farre JC, Faure M, Fechheimer M, Feng CG, Feng J, Feng Q, Feng Y, Fésüs L, Feuer R, Figueiredo-Pereira ME, Fimia GM, Fingar DC, Finkbeiner S, Finkel T, Finley KD, Fiorito F, Fisher EA, Fisher PB, Flajolet M, Florez-McClure ML, Florio S, Fon EA, Fornai F, Fortunato F, Fotedar R, Fowler DH, Fox HS, Franco R, Frankel LB, Fransen M, Fuentes JM, Fueyo J, Fujii J, Fujisaki K, Fujita E, Fukuda M, Furukawa RH, Gaestel M, Gailly P, Gajewska M, Galliot B, Galy V, Ganesh S, Ganetzky B, Ganley IG, Gao FB, Gao GF, Gao J, Garcia L, Garcia-Manero G, Garcia-Marcos M, Garmyn M, Gartel AL, Gatti E, Gautel M, Gawriluk TR, Gegg ME, Geng J, Germain M, Gestwicki JE, Gewirtz DA, Ghavami S, Ghosh P, Giammarioli AM, Giatromanolaki AN, Gibson SB, Gilkerson RW, Ginger ML, Ginsberg HN, Golab J, Goligorsky MS, Golstein P, Gomez-Manzano C, Goncu E, Gongora C, Gonzalez CD, Gonzalez R, González-Estévez C, González-Polo RA, Gonzalez-Rey E, Gorbunov NV, Gorski S, Goruppi S, Gottlieb RA, Gozuacik D, Granato GE, Grant GD, Green KN, Gregorc A, Gros F, Grose C, Grunt TW, Gual P, Guan JL, Guan KL, Guichard SM, Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I, Gunst J, Gustafsson ÅB, Halayko AJ, Hale AN, Halonen SK, Hamasaki M, Han F, Han T, Hancock MK, Hansen M, Harada H, Harada M, Hardt SE, Harper JW, Harris AL, Harris J, Harris SD, Hashimoto M, Haspel JA, Hayashi SI, Hazelhurst LA, He C, He YW, Hébert MJ, Heidenreich KA, Helfrich MH, Helgason GV, Henske EP, Herman B, Herman PK, Hetz C, Hilfiker S, Hill JA, Hocking LJ, Hofman P, Hofmann TG, Höhfeld J, Holyoake TL, Hong MH, Hood DA, Hotamisligil GS, Houwerzijl EJ, Høyer-Hansen M, Hu B, Hu CAA, Hu HM, Hua Y, Huang C, Huang J, Huang S, Huang WP, Huber TB, Huh WK, Hung TH, Hupp TR, Hur GM, Hurley JB, Hussain SN, Hussey PJ, Hwang JJ, Hwang S, Ichihara A, Ilkhanizadeh S, Inoki K, Into T, Iovane V, Iovanna JL, Ip NY, Isaka Y, Ishida H, Isidoro C, Isobe KI, Iwasaki A, Izquierdo M, Izumi Y, Jaakkola PM, Jäättelä M, Jackson GR, Jackson WT, Janji B, Jendrach M, Jeon JH, Jeung EB, Jiang H, Jiang H, Jiang JX, Jiang M, Jiang Q, Jiang X, Jiang X, Jiménez A, Jin M, Jin SV, Joe CO, Johansen T, Johnson DE, Johnson GV, Jones NL, Joseph B, Joseph SK, Joubert AM, Juhász G, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Jung CH, Jung YK, Kaarniranta K, Kaasik A, Kabuta T, Kadowaki M, Kågedal K, Kamada Y, Kaminskyy VO, Kampinga HH, Kanamori H, Kang C, Kang KB, Kang KI, Kang R, Kang YA, Kanki T, Kanneganti TD, Kanno H, Kanthasamy AG, Kanthasamy A, Karantza V, Kaushal GP, Kaushik S, Kawazoe Y, Ke PY, Kehrl JH, Kelekar A, Kerkhoff C, Kessel DH, Khalil H, Kiel JA, Kiger AA, Kihara A, Kim DR, Kim DH, Kim DH, Kim EK, Kim HR, Kim JS, Kim JH, Kim JC, Kim JK, Kim PK, Kim SW, Kim YS, Kim Y, Kimchi A, Kimmelman AC, King JS, Kinsella TJ, Kirkin V, Kirshenbaum LA, Kitamoto K, Kitazato K, Klein L, Klimecki WT, Klucken J, Knecht E, Ko BC, Koch JC, Koga H, Koh JY, Koh YH, Koike M, Komatsu M, Kominami E, Kong HJ, Kong WJ, Korolchuk VI, Kotake Y, Koukourakis MI, Flores JBK, Kovács AL, Kraft C, Krainc D, Krämer H, Kretz-Remy C, Krichevsky AM, Kroemer G, Krüger R, Krut O, Ktistakis NT, Kuan CY, Kucharczyk R, Kumar A, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kundu M, Kung HJ, Kurz T, Kwon HJ, La Spada AR, Lafont F, Lamark T, Landry J, Lane JD, Lapaquette P, Laporte JF, László L, Lavandero S, Lavoie JN, Layfield R, Lazo PA, Le W, Le Cam L, Ledbetter DJ, Lee AJ, Lee BW, Lee GM, Lee J, lee JH, Lee M, Lee MS, Lee SH, Leeuwenburgh C, Legembre P, Legouis R, Lehmann M, Lei HY, Lei QY, Leib DA, Leiro J, Lemasters JJ, Lemoine A, Lesniak MS, Lev D, Levenson VV, Levine B, Levy E, Li F, Li JL, Li L, Li S, Li W, Li XJ, Li YB, Li YP, Liang C, Liang Q, Liao YF, Liberski PP, Lieberman A, Lim HJ, Lim KL, Lim K, Lin CF, Lin FC, Lin J, Lin JD, Lin K, Lin WW, Lin WC, Lin YL, Linden R, Lingor P, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Lisanti MP, Liton PB, Liu B, Liu CF, Liu K, Liu L, Liu QA, Liu W, Liu YC, Liu Y, Lockshin RA, Lok CN, Lonial S, Loos B, Lopez-Berestein G, López-Otín C, Lossi L, Lotze MT, Low P, Lu B, Lu B, Lu B, Lu Z, Luciano F, Lukacs NW, Lund AH, Lynch-Day MA, Ma Y, Macian F, MacKeigan JP, Macleod KF, Madeo F, Maiuri L, Maiuri MC, Malagoli D, Malicdan MCV, Malorni W, Man N, Mandelkow EM, Manon S, Manov I, Mao K, Mao X, Mao Z, Marambaud P, Marazziti D, Marcel YL, Marchbank K, Marchetti P, Marciniak SJ, Marcondes M, Mardi M, Marfe G, Mariño G, Markaki M, Marten MR, Martin SJ, Martinand-Mari C, Martinet W, Martinez-Vicente M, Masini M, Matarrese P, Matsuo S, Matteoni R, Mayer A, Mazure NM, McConkey DJ, McConnell MJ, McDermott C, McDonald C, McInerney GM, McKenna SL, McLaughlin B, McLean PJ, McMaster CR, McQuibban GA, Meijer AJ, Meisler MH, Meléndez A, Melia TJ, Melino G, Mena MA, Menendez JA, Menna-Barreto RFS, Menon MB, Menzies FM, Mercer CA, Merighi A, Merry DE, Meschini S, Meyer CG, Meyer TF, Miao CY, Miao JY, Michels PA, Michiels C, Mijaljica D, Milojkovic A, Minucci S, Miracco C, Miranti CK, Mitroulis I, Miyazawa K, Mizushima N, Mograbi B, Mohseni S, Molero X, Mollereau B, Mollinedo F, Momoi T, Monastyrska I, Monick MM, Monteiro MJ, Moore MN, Mora R, Moreau K, Moreira PI, Moriyasu Y, Moscat J, Mostowy S, Mottram JC, Motyl T, Moussa CEH, Müller S, Muller S, Münger K, Münz C, Murphy LO, Murphy ME, Musarò A, Mysorekar I, Nagata E, Nagata K, Nahimana A, Nair U, Nakagawa T, Nakahira K, Nakano H, Nakatogawa H, Nanjundan M, Naqvi NI, Narendra DP, Narita M, Navarro M, Nawrocki ST, Nazarko TY, Nemchenko A, Netea MG, Neufeld TP, Ney PA, Nezis IP, Nguyen HP, Nie D, Nishino I, Nislow C, Nixon RA, Noda T, Noegel AA, Nogalska A, Noguchi S, Notterpek L, Novak I, Nozaki T, Nukina N, Nürnberger T, Nyfeler B, Obara K, Oberley TD, Oddo S, Ogawa M, Ohashi T, Okamoto K, Oleinick NL, Oliver FJ, Olsen LJ, Olsson S, Opota O, Osborne TF, Ostrander GK, Otsu K, Ou JHJ, Ouimet M, Overholtzer M, Ozpolat B, Paganetti P, Pagnini U, Pallet N, Palmer GE, Palumbo C, Pan T, Panaretakis T, Pandey UB, Papackova Z, Papassideri I, Paris I, Park J, Park OK, Parys JB, Parzych KR, Patschan S, Patterson C, Pattingre S, Pawelek JM, Peng J, Perlmutter DH, Perrotta I, Perry G, Pervaiz S, Peter M, Peters GJ, Petersen M, Petrovski G, Phang JM, Piacentini M, Pierre P, Pierrefite-Carle V, Pierron G, Pinkas-Kramarski R, Piras A, Piri N, Platanias LC, Pöggeler S, Poirot M, Poletti A, Poüs C, Pozuelo-Rubio M, Prætorius-Ibba M, Prasad A, Prescott M, Priault M, Produit-Zengaffinen N, Progulske-Fox A, Proikas-Cezanne T, Przedborski S, Przyklenk K, Puertollano R, Puyal J, Qian SB, Qin L, Qin ZH, Quaggin SE, Raben N, Rabinowich H, Rabkin SW, Rahman I, Rami A, Ramm G, Randall G, Randow F, Rao VA, Rathmell JC, Ravikumar B, Ray SK, Reed BH, Reed JC, Reggiori F, Régnier-Vigouroux A, Reichert AS, Reiners, Jr. JJ, Reiter RJ, Ren J, Revuelta JL, Rhodes CJ, Ritis K, Rizzo E, Robbins J, Roberge M, Roca H, Roccheri MC, Rocchi S, Rodemann HP, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Rohrer B, Roninson IB, Rosen K, Rost-Roszkowska MM, Rouis M, Rouschop KM, Rovetta F, Rubin BP, Rubinsztein DC, Ruckdeschel K, Rucker EB, Rudich A, Rudolf E, Ruiz-Opazo N, Russo R, Rusten TE, Ryan KM, Ryter SW, Sabatini DM, Sadoshima J, Saha T, Saitoh T, Sakagami H, Sakai Y, Salekdeh GH, Salomoni P, Salvaterra PM, Salvesen G, Salvioli R, Sanchez AM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA, Sánchez-Prieto R, Sandri M, Sankar U, Sansanwal P, Santambrogio L, Saran S, Sarkar S, Sarwal M, Sasakawa C, Sasnauskiene A, Sass M, Sato K, Sato M, Schapira AH, Scharl M, Schätzl HM, Scheper W, Schiaffino S, Schneider C, Schneider ME, Schneider-Stock R, Schoenlein PV, Schorderet DF, Schüller C, Schwartz GK, Scorrano L, Sealy L, Seglen PO, Segura-Aguilar J, Seiliez I, Seleverstov O, Sell C, Seo JB, Separovic D, Setaluri V, Setoguchi T, Settembre C, Shacka JJ, Shanmugam M, Shapiro IM, Shaulian E, Shaw RJ, Shelhamer JH, Shen HM. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 2012. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.19496 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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Ben Sahra I, Regazzetti C, Robert G, Laurent K, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Auberger P, Tanti JF, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Bost F. Metformin, independent of AMPK, induces mTOR inhibition and cell-cycle arrest through REDD1. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4366-72. [PMID: 21540236 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely prescribed antidiabetic drug associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Many studies show that metformin inhibits cancer cell viability through the inhibition of mTOR. We recently showed that antiproliferative action of metformin in prostate cancer cell lines is not mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We identified REDD1 (also known as DDIT4 and RTP801), a negative regulator of mTOR, as a new molecular target of metformin. We show that metformin increases REDD1 expression in a p53-dependent manner. REDD1 invalidation, using siRNA or REDD1(-/-) cells, abrogates metformin inhibition of mTOR. Importantly, inhibition of REDD1 reverses metformin-induced cell-cycle arrest and significantly protects from the deleterious effects of metformin on cell transformation. Finally, we show the contribution of p53 in mediating metformin action in prostate cancer cells. These results highlight the p53/REDD1 axis as a new molecular target in anticancer therapy in response to metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaam Ben Sahra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes and Cell Death, Differentiation and Cancer Teams, INSERM U895, C3M, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France
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Jager J, Corcelle V, Grémeaux T, Laurent K, Waget A, Pagès G, Binétruy B, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Burcelin R, Bost F, Tanti JF. Deficiency in the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) protects leptin-deficient mice from insulin resistance without affecting obesity. Diabetologia 2011; 54:180-9. [PMID: 20953578 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity is increased in adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and strong evidences suggests that it is implicated in the downregulation of insulin signalling and action in the insulin-resistant state. To determine the role of ERK1 in obesity-associated insulin resistance in vivo, we inactivated Erk1 (also known as Mapk3) in obese leptin-deficient mice (ob/ob). METHODS Mice of genotype ob/ob-Erk1⁻(/)⁻ were obtained by crossing Erk1⁻(/)⁻ mice with ob/ob mice. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were studied in 12-week-old mice. Tissue-specific insulin sensitivity, insulin signalling, liver steatosis and adipose tissue inflammation were determined. RESULTS While ob/ob-Erk1⁻(/)⁻ and ob/ob mice exhibited comparable body weight and adiposity, ob/ob-Erk1⁻(/)⁻ mice did not develop hyperglycaemia and their glucose tolerance was improved. Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies demonstrated an increase in whole-body insulin sensitivity in the ob/ob-Erk1⁻(/)⁻ mice associated with an increase in both insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscles and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. This occurred in parallel with improved insulin signalling in both tissues. The ob/ob-Erk1⁻(/)⁻ mice were also partially protected against hepatic steatosis with a strong reduction in acetyl-CoA carboxylase level. These metabolic improvements were associated with reduced expression of mRNA encoding inflammatory cytokine and T lymphocyte markers in the adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate that the targeting of ERK1 could partially protect obese mice against insulin resistance and liver steatosis by decreasing adipose tissue inflammation and by increasing muscle glucose uptake. Our results indicate that deregulation of the ERK1 pathway could be an important component in obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jager
- INSERM U, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
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Dray C, Debard C, Jager J, Disse E, Daviaud D, Martin P, Attané C, Wanecq E, Guigné C, Bost F, Tanti JF, Laville M, Vidal H, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I. Apelin and APJ regulation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice and humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 298:E1161-9. [PMID: 20233941 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00598.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin, an adipocyte-secreted factor upregulated by insulin, is increased in adipose tissue (AT) and plasma with obesity. Apelin was recently identified as a new player in the control of glucose homeostasis. However, the regulation of apelin and APJ (apelin receptor) expression in skeletal muscle in relation to insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes is not known. Thus we studied apelin and APJ expression in AT and muscle in different mice models of obesity and in type 2 diabetic patients. In insulin-resistant high-fat (HF)-fed mice, apelin and APJ expression were increased in AT compared with control. This was not the case in AT of highly insulin-resistant db/db mice. In skeletal muscle, apelin expression was similar in control and HF-fed mice and decreased in db/db mice. APJ expression was decreased in both HF-fed and db/db mice. Control subjects and type 2 diabetic patients were subjected to a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and tissues biopsies were obtained before and at the end of the clamp. There was no significant difference in basal apelin and APJ expression in AT and muscle between control and diabetic patients. However, apelin plasma levels were significantly increased in diabetic patients. During the clamp, hyperinsulinemia increased apelin and APJ expression in AT of control but not in diabetic subjects. In muscle, only APJ mRNA levels were increased in control but also in diabetic patients. Taken together, these data show that apelin and APJ expression in mice and humans is regulated in a tissue-dependent manner and according to the severity of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Dray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 858, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Metformin is the most widely used antidiabetic drug in the world, and there is increasing evidence of a potential efficacy of this agent as an anticancer drug. First, epidemiological studies show a decrease in cancer incidence in metformin-treated patients. Second, metformin decreases insulin resistance and indirectly reduces insulin level, a beneficial effect because insulin promotes cancer cell growth. Third, several reports outline a direct inhibitory effect of metformin on cancer cell growth and an antitumoral action. Finally, metformin activates the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, a major sensor of the energetic status of the cell, which has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Ben Sahra
- INSERM U895, Team 7: Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
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Ben Sahra I, Laurent K, Giuliano S, Larbret F, Ponzio G, Gounon P, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Cormont M, Bertolotto C, Deckert M, Auberger P, Tanti JF, Bost F. Targeting cancer cell metabolism: the combination of metformin and 2-deoxyglucose induces p53-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2010; 6:670-1. [PMID: 20215500 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeting cancer cell metabolism is a new promising strategy to fight cancer. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, exerts antitumoral and antiproliferative action. In this study, the addition of metformin to 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) inhibited mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in prostate cancer cells leading to a severe depletion in ATP. The combination of the two drugs was much more harmful for cancer cells than the treatment with metformin or 2DG alone, leading to 96% inhibition of cell viability in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. In contrast, a moderate effect on cell viability was observed in normal prostate epithelial cells. At the cellular level, the combination of metformin and 2DG induced p53-dependent apoptosis via the energy sensor pathway AMP kinase, and the reexpression of a functional p53 in p53-deficient prostate cancer cells restored caspase-3 activity. In addition to apoptosis, the combination of metformin and 2DG arrested prostate cancer cells in G(2)-M. This G(2)-M arrest was independent of p53 and correlated with a stronger decrease in cell viability than obtained with either drug. Finally, metformin inhibited 2DG-induced autophagy, decreased beclin 1 expression, and triggered a switch from a survival process to cell death. Our study reinforces the growing interest of metabolic perturbators in cancer therapy and highlights the potential use of the combination of metformin and 2DG as an anticancerous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Ben Sahra
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Institut Signalisation et Pathologies, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U895, Nice, France
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Regazzetti C, Bost F, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Tanti JF, Giorgetti-Peraldi S. Insulin induces REDD1 expression through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activation in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:5157-64. [PMID: 19996311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.047688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage responses) is essential for the inhibition of mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex) signaling pathway in response to hypoxia. REDD1 expression is regulated by many stresses such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and energy depletion. However, the regulation of REDD1 expression in response to insulin remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that in murine and in human adipocytes, insulin stimulates REDD1 expression. Insulin-induced REDD1 expression occurs through phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mTOR-dependent pathways. Moreover, using echinomycin, a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) inhibitor, and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA, we demonstrate that insulin stimulates REDD1 expression only through the transcription factor HIF-1. In conclusion, our study shows that insulin stimulates REDD1 expression in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Regazzetti
- Mediterranean Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, INSERM U 895, F-06204 Nice, France
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