1
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Liu X, Obacz J, Emanuelli G, Chambers JE, Abreu S, Chen X, Linnane E, Mehta JP, Wheatley AEH, Marciniak SJ, Fairen-Jimenez D. Enhancing Drug Delivery Efficacy Through Bilayer Coating of Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks: Sustained Release and Improved Chemical Stability and Cellular Uptake for Cancer Therapy. Chem Mater 2024; 36:3588-3603. [PMID: 38681089 PMCID: PMC11044268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The development of nanoparticle (NP)-based drug carriers has presented an exciting opportunity to address challenges in oncology. Among the 100,000 available possibilities, zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising candidates in biomedical applications. Zr-MOFs can be easily synthesized as small-size NPs compatible with intravenous injection, whereas the ease of decorating their external surfaces with functional groups allows for targeted treatment. Despite these benefits, Zr-MOFs suffer degradation and aggregation in real, in vivo conditions, whereas the loaded drugs will suffer the burst effect-i.e., the fast release of drugs in less than 48 h. To tackle these issues, we developed a simple but effective bilayer coating strategy in a generic, two-step process. In this work, bilayer-coated MOF NU-901 remained well dispersed in biologically relevant fluids such as buffers and cell growth media. Additionally, the coating enhances the long-term stability of drug-loaded MOFs in water by simultaneously preventing sustained leakage of the drug and aggregation of the MOF particles. We evaluated our materials for the encapsulation and transport of pemetrexed, the standard-of-care chemotherapy in mesothelioma. The bilayer coating allowed for a slowed release of pemetrexed over 7 days, superior to the typical 48 h release found in bare MOFs. This slow release and the related performance were studied in vitro using both A549 lung cancer and 3T mesothelioma cells. Using high-resolution microscopy, we found the successful uptake of bilayer-coated MOFs by the cells with an accumulation in the lysosomes. The pemetrex-loaded NU-901 was indeed cytotoxic to 3T and A549 cancer cells. Finally, we demonstrated the general approach by extending the coating strategy using two additional lipids and four surfactants. This research highlights how a simple yet effective bilayer coating provides new insights into the design of promising MOF-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiewen Liu
- The
Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (AML),
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Joanna Obacz
- Cambridge
Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical
Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Emanuelli
- Cambridge
Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical
Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph E. Chambers
- Cambridge
Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical
Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Abreu
- Cambridge
Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical
Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Chen
- The
Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (AML),
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Emily Linnane
- The
Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (AML),
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Joshua P. Mehta
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E. H. Wheatley
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- Cambridge
Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical
Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- The
Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (AML),
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
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2
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Bernabéu-Herrero ME, Patel D, Bielowka A, Zhu J, Jain K, Mackay IS, Chaves Guererro P, Emanuelli G, Jovine L, Noseda M, Marciniak SJ, Aldred MA, Shovlin CL. Mutations causing premature termination codons discriminate and generate cellular and clinical variability in HHT. Blood 2024:blood.2023021777. [PMID: 38457357 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
For monogenic diseases caused by pathogenic loss-of-function DNA variants, attention focuses on dysregulated gene-specific pathways, usually considering molecular subtypes together within causal genes. To better understand phenotypic variability in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), we sub-categorized pathogenic DNA variants in ENG/endoglin, ACVRL1/ALK1, and SMAD4 if they generated premature termination codons (PTCs) subject to nonsense mediated decay. In three pre-phenotyped patient cohorts, a PTC-based classification system explained some previously puzzling hemorrhage variability. In blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) derived from ACVRL1+/PTC, ENG+/PTC, and SMAD4+/PTC patients, PTC-containing RNA transcripts persisted at low levels (8-23% expected, varying between replicate cultures); genes differentially expressed to Bonferroni p<0.05 in HHT+/PTC BOECs clustered significantly only to generic protein terms ('isopeptide-bond'/'ubiquitin-like conjugation') and pulse chase experiments detected subtle protein maturation differences, but no evidence for PTC-truncated protein. BOECs displaying highest PTC persistence were discriminated in unsupervised hierarchical clustering of 'invariant' housekeeper genes, with patterns compatible with higher cellular stress in BOECs with >11% PTC persistence. To test directionality, we used a HeLa reporter system to detect induction of activating transcription factor (ATF)4 which controls expression of stress-adaptive genes, and showed that ENG Q436X but not ENG R93X directly induced ATF4. AlphaFold accurately modelled relevant ENG domains, with AlphaMissense suggesting that readthrough substitutions would be benign for ENG R93X and other "less rare" ENG nonsense variants, but more damaging for Q436X. We conclude that PTCs should be distinguished from other loss-of-function variants, PTC transcript levels increase in stressed cells, and readthrough proteins and mechanisms provide promising research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - JiaYi Zhu
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Micheala A Aldred
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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3
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Obacz J, Valer JA, Nibhani R, Adams TS, Schupp JC, Veale N, Lewis-Wade A, Flint J, Hogan J, Aresu G, Coonar AS, Peryt A, Biffi G, Kaminski N, Francies H, Rassl DM, Garnett MJ, Rintoul RC, Marciniak SJ. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human pleura reveals stromal heterogeneity and informs in vitro models of mesothelioma. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2300143. [PMID: 38212075 PMCID: PMC10809128 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00143-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The pleural lining of the thorax regulates local immunity, inflammation and repair. A variety of conditions, both benign and malignant, including pleural mesothelioma, can affect this tissue. A lack of knowledge concerning the mesothelial and stromal cells comprising the pleura has hampered the development of targeted therapies. Here, we present the first comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human parietal pleura and demonstrate its utility in elucidating pleural biology. We confirm the presence of known universal fibroblasts and describe novel, potentially pleural-specific, fibroblast subtypes. We also present transcriptomic characterisation of multiple in vitro models of benign and malignant mesothelial cells, and characterise these through comparison with in vivo transcriptomic data. While bulk pleural transcriptomes have been reported previously, this is the first study to provide resolution at the single-cell level. We expect our pleural cell atlas will prove invaluable to those studying pleural biology and disease. It has already enabled us to shed light on the transdifferentiation of mesothelial cells, allowing us to develop a simple method for prolonging mesothelial cell differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Obacz
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Joint first authors
| | - Jose Antonio Valer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Joint first authors
| | - Reshma Nibhani
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Taylor S Adams
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Niki Veale
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanah Lewis-Wade
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jasper Flint
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Hogan
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giuseppe Aresu
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aman S Coonar
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Peryt
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giulia Biffi
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hayley Francies
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Doris M Rassl
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathew J Garnett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Joint senior authors
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Joint senior authors
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Joint senior authors
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4
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Lim K, Rutherford EN, Sun D, Van den Boomen DJH, Edgar JR, Bang JH, Matesic LE, Lee JH, Lehner PJ, Marciniak SJ, Rawlins EL, Dickens JA. A novel human fetal lung-derived alveolar organoid model reveals mechanisms of surfactant protein C maturation relevant to interstitial lung disease. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.30.555522. [PMID: 37693487 PMCID: PMC10491189 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells maintain lung health by acting as stem cells and producing pulmonary surfactant1-3. AT2 dysfunction underlies many lung diseases including interstitial lung disease (ILD), in which some inherited forms result from mislocalisation of surfactant protein C (SFTPC) variants4,5. Disease modelling and dissection of mechanisms remains challenging due to complexities in deriving and maintaining AT2 cells ex vivo. Here, we describe the development of expandable adult AT2-like organoids derived from human fetal lung which are phenotypically stable, can differentiate into AT1-like cells and are genetically manipulable. We use these organoids to test key effectors of SFTPC maturation identified in a forward genetic screen including the E3 ligase ITCH, demonstrating that their depletion phenocopies the pathological SFTPC redistribution seen for the SFTPC-I73T variant. In summary, we demonstrate the development of a novel alveolar organoid model and use it to identify effectors of SFTPC maturation necessary for AT2 health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungtae Lim
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | | | - Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Current address: Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dick J H Van den Boomen
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University, LHRRB building, 45 Shattuck Street, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Jae Hak Bang
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Lydia E Matesic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Road, Trumpington, CB2 0AY
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Jennifer A Dickens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Road, Trumpington, CB2 0AY
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5
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Barnett SE, Kenyani J, Tripari M, Butt Z, Grosman R, Querques F, Shaw L, Silva LC, Goate Z, Marciniak SJ, Rassl DM, Jackson R, Lian LY, Szlosarek PW, Sacco JJ, Coulson JM. BAP1 Loss Is Associated with Higher ASS1 Expression in Epithelioid Mesothelioma: Implications for Therapeutic Stratification. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:411-427. [PMID: 36669126 PMCID: PMC10150242 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear deubiquitylase BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is frequently inactivated in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and germline BAP1 mutation predisposes to cancers including MPM. To explore the influence on cell physiology and drug sensitivity, we sequentially edited a predisposition mutation (w-) and a promoter trap (KO) into human mesothelial cells. BAP1w-/KO MeT5A cells express less BAP1 protein and phenocopy key aspects of BAP1 loss in MPM. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture-mass spectrometry revealed evidence of metabolic adaptation, with concomitant alteration of cellular metabolites. In MeT5A, BAP1 deficiency reduces glycolytic enzyme levels but increases enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and anaplerotic pathways. Notably both argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), essential for cellular synthesis of arginine, and its substrate aspartate, are elevated in BAP1w-/KO MeT5A cells. Likewise, ASS1 expression is higher in BAP1-altered MPM cell lines, and inversely correlates with BAP1 in The Cancer Genome Atlas MESO dataset. Elevated ASS1 is also evident by IHC staining in epithelioid MPM lacking nuclear BAP1 expression, with improved survival among patients with BAP1-negative/ASS1-expressing tumors. Alterations in arginine metabolism may sensitize cells to metabolic drugs and we find that BAP1-negative/ASS1-expressing MPM cell lines are more sensitive to ASS1 inhibition, although not to inhibition of purine synthesis by mizoribine. Importantly, BAP1w-/KO MeT5A become desensitized to arginine deprivation by pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), phenocopying BAP1-negative/ASS1-expressing MPM cell lines. IMPLICATIONS Our data reveal an interrelationship between BAP1 and arginine metabolism, providing a potential means of identifying patients with epithelioid MPM likely to benefit from ADI-PEG20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Barnett
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna Kenyani
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Tripari
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zohra Butt
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rudi Grosman
- Biochemistry and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Querques
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Shaw
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa C. Silva
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Goate
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Doris M. Rassl
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Jackson
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- Biochemistry and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Szlosarek
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph J. Sacco
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Judy M. Coulson
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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6
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Nixon-Abell J, Ruggeri FS, Qamar S, Herling TW, Czekalska MA, Shen Y, Wang G, King C, Fernandopulle MS, Sneideris T, Watson JL, Pillai VVS, Meadows W, Henderson JW, Chambers JE, Wagstaff JL, Williams SH, Coyle H, Lu Y, Zhang S, Marciniak SJ, Freund SMV, Derivery E, Ward ME, Vendruscolo M, Knowles TPJ, St George-Hyslop P. ANXA11 biomolecular condensates facilitate protein-lipid phase coupling on lysosomal membranes. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.22.533832. [PMID: 36993242 PMCID: PMC10055329 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phase transitions of cellular proteins and lipids play a key role in governing the organisation and coordination of intracellular biology. The frequent juxtaposition of proteinaceous biomolecular condensates to cellular membranes raises the intriguing prospect that phase transitions in proteins and lipids could be co-regulated. Here we investigate this possibility in the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granule-ANXA11-lysosome ensemble, where ANXA11 tethers RNP granule condensates to lysosomal membranes to enable their co-trafficking. We show that changes to the protein phase state within this system, driven by the low complexity ANXA11 N-terminus, induce a coupled phase state change in the lipids of the underlying membrane. We identify the ANXA11 interacting proteins ALG2 and CALC as potent regulators of ANXA11-based phase coupling and demonstrate their influence on the nanomechanical properties of the ANXA11-lysosome ensemble and its capacity to engage RNP granules. The phenomenon of protein-lipid phase coupling we observe within this system offers an important template to understand the numerous other examples across the cell whereby biomolecular condensates closely juxtapose cell membranes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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7
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Bravo-Pérez C, Toderici M, Chambers JE, Martínez-Menárguez JA, Garrido-Rodriguez P, Pérez-Sanchez H, de la Morena-Barrio B, Padilla J, Miñano A, Cifuentes-Riquelme R, Vicente V, Lozano ML, Marciniak SJ, de la Morena-Barrio ME, Corral J. Full-length antithrombin frameshift variant with aberrant C-terminus causes endoplasmic reticulum retention with a dominant-negative effect. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161430. [PMID: 36214221 PMCID: PMC9675572 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antithrombin, a major endogenous anticoagulant, is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin). We characterized the biological and clinical impact of variants involving C-terminal antithrombin. We performed comprehensive molecular, cellular, and clinical characterization of patients with C-terminal antithrombin variants from a cohort of 444 unrelated individuals with confirmed antithrombin deficiency. We identified 17 patients carrying 12 C-terminal variants, 5 of whom had the p.Arg445Serfs*17 deletion. Five missense variants caused qualitative deficiency, and 7, including 4 insertion-deletion variants, induced severe quantitative deficiency, particularly p.Arg445Serfs*17 (antithrombin <40%). This +1 frameshift variant had a molecular size similar to that of WT antithrombin but possessed a different C-terminus. Morphologic and cotransfection experiments showed that recombinant p.Arg445Serfs*17 was retained at the endoplasmic reticulum and had a dominant-negative effect on WT antithrombin. Characterization of different 1+ frameshift, aberrant C-terminal variants revealed that protein secretion was determined by frameshift site. The introduction of Pro441 in the aberrant C-terminus, shared by 5 efficiently secreted variants, partially rescued p.Arg445Serfs*17 secretion. C-terminal antithrombin mutants have notable heterogeneity, related to variant type and localization. Aberrant C-terminal variants caused by 1+ frameshift, with similar size as WT antithrombin, may be secreted or not, depending on frameshift site. The severe clinical phenotypes of these genetic changes are consistent with their dominant-negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bravo-Pérez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mara Toderici
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joseph E. Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José A. Martínez-Menárguez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Garrido-Rodriguez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sanchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Belén de la Morena-Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Padilla
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonia Miñano
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa Cifuentes-Riquelme
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria L. Lozano
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Corral
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
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8
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Horsley A, Brightling C, Davies J, Djukanovic R, Heaney LG, Hussell T, Marciniak SJ, McGarvey L, Porter JC, Wilkinson T, Ho LP. Early-phase clinical trials in a pandemic: learning from the response to COVID-19. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2022; 10:625-627. [PMID: 35709826 PMCID: PMC9191862 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Horsley
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Brightling
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jane Davies
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London UK
| | - Ratko Djukanovic
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorcan McGarvey
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | - Joanna C Porter
- UCL Department of Respiratory Medicine, UCL, and UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Wilkinson
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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9
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Horsley AR, Pearmain L, Knight S, Schindler N, Wang R, Bennett M, Robey RC, Davies JC, Djukanović R, Heaney LG, Hussell T, Marciniak SJ, McGarvey LP, Porter J, Wilkinson T, Brightling C, Ho LP. Large scale clinical trials: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001226. [PMID: 35701071 PMCID: PMC9198385 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has presented substantial new challenges to clinical and research teams. Our objective was to analyse the experience of investigators and research delivery staff regarding the research response to COVID-19 in order to identify these challenges as well as solutions for future pandemic planning. METHODS We conducted a survey of diverse research staff involved in delivery of COVID-19 clinical trials across the UK. This was delivered online across centres linked to the NIHR Respiratory Translational Research Collaboration. Responses were analysed using a formal thematic analysis approach to identify common themes and recommendations. RESULTS 83 survey participants from ten teaching hospitals provided 922 individual question responses. Respondents were involved in a range of research delivery roles but the largest cohort (60%) was study investigators. A wide range of research experiences were captured, including early and late phase trials. Responses were coded into overarching themes. Among common observations, complex protocols without adaptation to a pandemic were noted to have hampered recruitment. Recommendations included the need to develop and test pandemic-specific protocols, and make use of innovations in information technology. Research competition needs to be avoided and drug selection processes should be explicitly transparent. CONCLUSIONS Delivery of clinical trials, particularly earlier phase trials, in a pandemic clinical environment is highly challenging, and was reactive rather than anticipatory. Future pandemic studies should be designed and tested in advance, making use of pragmatic study designs as far as possible and planning for integration between early and later phase trials and regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Horsley
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Laurence Pearmain
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Sean Knight
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester, UK.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Nick Schindler
- Institute of Continuing Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Ran Wang
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Miriam Bennett
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca C Robey
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane C Davies
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ratko Djukanović
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Centre of Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Centre for Infection and Inflammation Research, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorcan P McGarvey
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joanna Porter
- Centre for Inflammation & Tissue Repair, University College London Division of Medicine, London, UK.,Interstitial Lung Disease Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tom Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Chris Brightling
- Institute of Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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10
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Schwiening M, Swietlik EM, Pandya D, Burling K, Barker P, Feng OY, Treacy CM, Abreu S, Wort SJ, Pepke-Zaba J, Graf S, Marciniak SJ, Morrell NW, Soon E. Different Cytokine Patterns in BMPR2-Mutation-Positive Patients and Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Without Mutations and Their Influence on Survival. Chest 2022; 161:1651-1656. [PMID: 35063447 PMCID: PMC9248075 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Max Schwiening
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Emilia M Swietlik
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England; Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Road, Trumpington, Cambridge, England
| | - Divya Pandya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
| | - Keith Burling
- NIHR Cambridge BRC Core Biochemical Assay Laboratory (CBAL), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
| | - Peter Barker
- NIHR Cambridge BRC Core Biochemical Assay Laboratory (CBAL), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
| | - Oliver Y Feng
- Statistical Laboratory, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, England
| | - Carmen M Treacy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
| | - Susana Abreu
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - S John Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Road, Trumpington, Cambridge, England
| | - Stefan Graf
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England; NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, England
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England; Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Road, Trumpington, Cambridge, England
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
| | - Elaine Soon
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England.
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11
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Girish M, Pharoah PD, Marciniak SJ. Meta-analysis of the association between emphysematous change on thoracic computerized tomography scan and recurrent pneumothorax. QJM 2022; 115:215-221. [PMID: 33538832 PMCID: PMC9020478 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES At least a third of patients go on to suffer a recurrence following a first spontaneous pneumothorax. Surgical intervention reduces the risk of recurrence and has been advocated as a primary treatment for pneumothorax. But surgery exposes patients to the risks of anaesthesia and in some cases can cause chronic pain. Risk stratification of patients to identify those most at risk of recurrence would help direct the most appropriate patients to early intervention. Many studies have addressed the role of thoracic computerized tomography (CT) in identifying those individuals at increased risk of recurrence, but a consensus is lacking. AIM Our objective was to clarify whether CT provides valuable prognostic information for recurrent pneumothorax. DESIGN Meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted an exhaustive search of the literature for thoracic CT imaging and pneumothorax, and then performed a meta-analysis using a random effects model to estimate the common odds ratio and standard error. RESULTS Here, we show by meta-analysis of data from 2475 individuals that emphysematous change on CT scan is associated with a significant increased odds ratio for recurrent pneumothorax ipsilateral to the radiological abnormality (odds ratio 2.49, 95% confidence interval 1.51-4.13). CONCLUSIONS The association holds true for primary spontaneous pneumothorax when considering emphysematous changes including blebs and bullae. Features, such as bullae at the azygoesophageal recess or increased Goddard score similarly predicted recurrent secondary pneumothorax, as shown by subgroup analysis. Our meta-analysis suggests that CT scanning has value in risk stratifying patients considering surgery for pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Girish
- From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - P D Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - S J Marciniak
- From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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12
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Chambers JE, Zubkov N, Kubánková M, Nixon-Abell J, Mela I, Abreu S, Schwiening M, Lavarda G, López-Duarte I, Dickens JA, Torres T, Kaminski CF, Holt LJ, Avezov E, Huntington JA, George-Hyslop PS, Kuimova MK, Marciniak SJ. Z-α 1-antitrypsin polymers impose molecular filtration in the endoplasmic reticulum after undergoing phase transition to a solid state. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm2094. [PMID: 35394846 PMCID: PMC8993113 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) features in many human diseases. In α1-antitrypsin deficiency, the pathogenic Z variant aberrantly assembles into polymers in the hepatocyte ER, leading to cirrhosis. We show that α1-antitrypsin polymers undergo a liquid:solid phase transition, forming a protein matrix that retards mobility of ER proteins by size-dependent molecular filtration. The Z-α1-antitrypsin phase transition is promoted during ER stress by an ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response. Furthermore, the ER chaperone calreticulin promotes Z-α1-antitrypsin solidification and increases protein matrix stiffness. Single-particle tracking reveals that solidification initiates in cells with normal ER morphology, previously assumed to represent a healthy pool. We show that Z-α1-antitrypsin-induced hypersensitivity to ER stress can be explained by immobilization of ER chaperones within the polymer matrix. This previously unidentified mechanism of ER dysfunction provides a template for understanding a diverse group of related proteinopathies and identifies ER chaperones as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Nikita Zubkov
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Markéta Kubánková
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ioanna Mela
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Susana Abreu
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Max Schwiening
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ismael López-Duarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jennifer A. Dickens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Liam J. Holt
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Edward Avezov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - James A. Huntington
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Taub Institute For Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Ageing Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irvine Medical Center, 630 West 1/68 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marina K. Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
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13
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Woodford MR, Andreou A, Baba M, van de Beek I, Malta CD, Glykofridis I, Grimes H, Henske EP, Iliopoulos O, Kurihara M, Lazor R, Linehan WM, Matsumoto K, Marciniak SJ, Namba Y, Pause A, Rajan N, Ray A, Schmidt LS, Shi W, Steinlein OK, Thierauf J, Zoncu R, Webb A, Mollapour M. Seventh BHD international symposium: recent scientific and clinical advancement. Oncotarget 2022; 13:173-181. [PMID: 35070081 PMCID: PMC8780807 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 7th Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) International Symposium convened virtually in October 2021. The meeting attracted more than 200 participants internationally and highlighted recent findings in a variety of areas, including genetic insight and molecular understanding of BHD syndrome, structure and function of the tumor suppressor Folliculin (FLCN), therapeutic and clinical advances as well as patients’ experiences living with this malady.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Avgi Andreou
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Masaya Baba
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Irma van de Beek
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Iris Glykofridis
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Human Genetics Department, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Grimes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth P. Henske
- Center for LAM Research and Clinical Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Othon Iliopoulos
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Masatoshi Kurihara
- Pneumothorax Research Center and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Nissan Tamagawa Hospital, Setagayaku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Romain Lazor
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - W. Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenki Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yukiko Namba
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arnim Pause
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Neil Rajan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anindita Ray
- Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Laura S. Schmidt
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ortrud K. Steinlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Thierauf
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital and Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anna Webb
- The BHD Foundation, The Myrovlytis Trust, London, UK
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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14
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Dickens JA, Rutherford EN, Abreu S, Chambers JE, Ellis MO, van Schadewijk A, Hiemstra PS, Marciniak SJ. Novel insights into surfactant protein C trafficking revealed through the study of a pathogenic mutant. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:2100267. [PMID: 34049951 PMCID: PMC8792467 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00267-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar epithelial cell dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but remains incompletely understood. Some monogenic forms of pulmonary fibrosis are associated with expression of mutant surfactant protein C (SFTPC). The commonest pathogenic mutant, I73T, mislocalises to the alveolar epithelial cell plasma membrane and displays a toxic gain of function. Because the mechanisms explaining the link between this mutant and IPF are incompletely understood, we sought to interrogate SFTPC trafficking in health and disease to understand the functional significance of SFTPC-I73T relocalisation. METHODS We performed mechanistic analysis of SFTPC trafficking in a cell model that reproduces the in vivo phenotype and validated findings in human primary alveolar organoids. RESULTS We show that wild-type SFTPC takes an unexpected indirect trafficking route via the plasma membrane and undergoes the first of multiple cleavage events before reaching the multivesicular body (MVB) for further processing. SFTPC-I73T takes this same route, but its progress is retarded both at the cell surface and due to failure of trafficking into the MVB. Unable to undergo onward trafficking, it is recycled to the plasma membrane as a partially cleaved intermediate. CONCLUSION These data show for the first time that all SFTPC transits the cell surface during normal trafficking, and the I73T mutation accumulates at the cell surface through both retarded trafficking and active recycling. This understanding of normal SFTPC trafficking and how the I73T mutant disturbs it provides novel insight into SFTPC biology in health and disease, and in the contribution of the SFTPC mutant to IPF development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susana Abreu
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Foo CT, Pulimood T, Knolle M, Marciniak SJ, Herre J. Ambulatory Thoracoscopic Pleurodesis Combined With Indwelling Pleural Catheter in Malignant Pleural Effusion. Front Surg 2021; 8:738719. [PMID: 34760917 PMCID: PMC8572984 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.738719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) often results in debilitating symptoms. Relief of dyspnoea and improvement in quality of life can be achieved with either talc pleurodesis or insertion of an indwelling tunneled pleural catheter (IPC). The former requires a lengthy hospital stay and the latter is associated with lower pleurodesis rates. In response to limited hospital bed capacity, we developed a pragmatic approach in managing MPE by combining thoracoscopic talc poudrage and insertion of IPC into a single day case procedure. We present data on the safety and efficacy of this approach. Methods: Patients who had undergone the abovementioned procedure between 2017 and 2020 were analyzed. Demographic data, hospital length of stay (LOS), histological diagnosis, rates of pleurodesis success and procedural related complications were collated. Patients were followed-up for 6 months. Results: Forty-five patients underwent the procedure. Mean age was 68.5 ± 10.4 years and 56% were male. Histological diagnosis was achieved in all cases. 86.7% of patients were discharged on the day of the procedure. Median LOS was 0 (IQR 0–0) days. Successful pleurodesis was attained in 77.8% at 6-month follow-up. No procedure related deaths or IPC related infections were recorded. Conclusion: Ambulatory thoracoscopic poudrage and IPC insertion is a safe and effective option in the management of MPE. All patients received a definitive pleural intervention with 77.8% pleurodesis success at 6-months and majority of them discharged on the same day. Future randomized trials are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan T Foo
- Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Pulimood
- Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Knolle
- Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jurgen Herre
- Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Obacz J, Yung H, Shamseddin M, Linnane E, Liu X, Azad AA, Rassl DM, Fairen-Jimenez D, Rintoul RC, Nikolić MZ, Marciniak SJ. Biological basis for novel mesothelioma therapies. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1039-1055. [PMID: 34226685 PMCID: PMC8505556 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that is associated with exposure to asbestos. Although asbestos is banned in several countries, including the UK, an epidemic of mesothelioma is predicted to affect middle-income countries during this century owing to their heavy consumption of asbestos. The prognosis for patients with mesothelioma is poor, reflecting a failure of conventional chemotherapy that has ultimately resulted from an inadequate understanding of its biology. However, recent work has revolutionised the study of mesothelioma, identifying genetic and pathophysiological vulnerabilities, including the loss of tumour suppressors, epigenetic dysregulation and susceptibility to nutrient stress. We discuss how this knowledge, combined with advances in immunotherapy, is enabling the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Obacz
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henry Yung
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Shamseddin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Saffron Walden, UK
| | - Emily Linnane
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiewen Liu
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arsalan A Azad
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doris M Rassl
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Smolinska A, Jessop DS, Pappan KL, De Saedeleer A, Kang A, Martin AL, Allsworth M, Tyson C, Bos MP, Clancy M, Morel M, Cooke T, Dymond T, Harris C, Galloway J, Bresser P, Dijkstra N, Jagesar V, Savelkoul PHM, Beuken EVH, Nix WHV, Louis R, Delvaux M, Calmes D, Ernst B, Pollini S, Peired A, Guiot J, Tomassetti S, Budding AE, McCaughan F, Marciniak SJ, van der Schee MP. The SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 patients is lower on face mask filters than on nasopharyngeal swabs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13476. [PMID: 34188082 PMCID: PMC8242000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Face masks and personal respirators are used to curb the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory droplets; filters embedded in some personal protective equipment could be used as a non-invasive sample source for applications, including at-home testing, but information is needed about whether filters are suited to capture viral particles for SARS-CoV-2 detection. In this study, we generated inactivated virus-laden aerosols of 0.3–2 microns in diameter (0.9 µm mean diameter by mass) and dispersed the aerosolized viral particles onto electrostatic face mask filters. The limit of detection for inactivated coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 extracted from filters was between 10 to 100 copies/filter for both viruses. Testing for SARS-CoV-2, using face mask filters and nasopharyngeal swabs collected from hospitalized COVID-19-patients, showed that filter samples offered reduced sensitivity (8.5% compared to nasopharyngeal swabs). The low concordance of SARS-CoV-2 detection between filters and nasopharyngeal swabs indicated that number of viral particles collected on the face mask filter was below the limit of detection for all patients but those with the highest viral loads. This indicated face masks are unsuitable to replace diagnostic nasopharyngeal swabs in COVID-19 diagnosis. The ability to detect nucleic acids on face mask filters may, however, find other uses worth future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Smolinska
- Owlstone Medical Ltd., Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kirk L Pappan
- Owlstone Medical Ltd., Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Amerjit Kang
- Owlstone Medical Ltd., Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Max Allsworth
- Owlstone Medical Ltd., Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mike Morel
- Cambridge Clinical Laboratories Ltd., Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Tony Cooke
- Cambridge Clinical Laboratories Ltd., Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Tom Dymond
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Harris
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqui Galloway
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik V H Beuken
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley H V Nix
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Renaud Louis
- Repiratory Department, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Benoit Ernst
- Repiratory Department, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Simona Pollini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Peired
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Julien Guiot
- Repiratory Department, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sara Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interventional Pulmonology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Frank McCaughan
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Jordon LH, Gore RB, Rusk RA, Knox-Brown B, Marciniak SJ. The role of impulse oscillometry in the management of asthma when forced expiratory maneuvers are contraindicated: case series and literature review. J Asthma 2021; 59:1577-1583. [PMID: 34112043 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1941088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The impulse oscillometry system (IOS) provides an alternative method of lung function testing for patients in whom forced expiratory manoeuvres are contraindicated, such as those with inherited vascular connective tissue disorders. Here we examine the role of IOS in the diagnosis and monitoring of asthma in such patients through a clinical case series and literature review.Methods: The clinical case series comprised of data from 12 patients with inherited connective tissue disorders representing 32 clinical encounters. Of these, 11 encounters were for asthma diagnosis and 21 were for asthma monitoring. Symptoms, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and IOS were assessed at each encounter.Results: In the clinical case series, 5 of 6 patients with likely asthma (as determined by physician review and exhaled nitric oxide testing) had abnormal IOS parameters compared with 0 of 5 of those with unlikely asthma. In the monitoring group, 11 encounters resulted in treatment escalation (demonstrating suboptimal control), and 8 resulted in no change to treatment (good control). Six of 11 of those with suboptimal control had abnormalities in ≥3 IOS parameters, with R5 and R5-20 most frequently affected. Only 1 of 8 of those with good control had abnormalities in ≥3 IOS parameters.Conclusions: IOS can be used as an alternative to conventional lung function testing to support the diagnosis and monitoring of asthma when forced expiratory manoeuvres are contraindicated. Larger studies are required to establish severity and treatment escalation thresholds and provide clearer comparisons with spirometry values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise H Jordon
- Department of Cardiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robin B Gore
- Department of Cardiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosemary A Rusk
- Department of Cardiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ben Knox-Brown
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Department of Cardiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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19
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Marciniak SJ, Farrell J, Rostron A, Smith I, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Docherty A, Semple MG. COVID-19 Pneumothorax in the United Kingdom: a prospective observational study using the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.00929-2021. [PMID: 34083401 PMCID: PMC8186005 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00929-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pneumothorax is an important complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1, 2]. Based on a series of 60 individuals, we previously estimated that 0.91% of people admitted to hospital with COVID-19 develop pneumothorax [1]. Males accounted for three quarters of those affected, and patients requiring noninvasive or invasive ventilatory support appeared at elevated risk. In a separate series of ventilated patients with COVID-19, barotrauma, defined as pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum, was found to be an independent risk for death [2]. During the pandemic, treatment strategies have evolved, influenced by large randomised controlled trials and clinical experience. Following the landmark results from the RECOVERY trial [3], dexamethasone became standard of care for patients requiring supplemental oxygen. Following the first UK wave between March and June 2020, use of noninvasive respiratory support became more common [4, 5]. Such changes could plausibly alter the incidence of pneumothorax caused by COVID-19. Indeed, a recent small study reported an increase in pneumothoraces in the second wave of COVID-19 in Italy, leading to speculation that dexamethasone use might have been causal [6]. Population level data from 131 679 patients show that COVID-19 pneumothorax occurs in 0.97% of admitted patients, especially males and smokers, and is associated with increased mortalityhttps://bit.ly/3oB27ez
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Marciniak
- CIMR, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Joint first authors
| | - James Farrell
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Joint first authors
| | - Anthony Rostron
- Integrated Critical Care Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian Smith
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Annemarie Docherty
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infection Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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20
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Ordóñez A, Harding HP, Marciniak SJ, Ron D. Cargo receptor-assisted endoplasmic reticulum export of pathogenic α1-antitrypsin polymers. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109144. [PMID: 34010647 PMCID: PMC8149808 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating polymers of α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) are neutrophil chemo-attractants and contribute to inflammation, yet cellular factors affecting their secretion remain obscure. We report on a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen for genes affecting trafficking of polymerogenic α1ATH334D. A CRISPR enrichment approach based on recovery of single guide RNA (sgRNA) sequences from phenotypically selected fixed cells reveals that cells with high-polymer content are enriched in sgRNAs targeting genes involved in "cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicles," where "COPII" is coat protein II, including the cargo receptors lectin mannose binding1 (LMAN1) and surfeit protein locus 4 (SURF4). LMAN1- and SURF4-disrupted cells display a secretion defect extending beyond α1AT monomers to polymers. Polymer secretion is especially dependent on SURF4 and correlates with a SURF4-α1ATH334D physical interaction and with their co-localization at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These findings indicate that ER cargo receptors co-ordinate progression of α1AT out of the ER and modulate the accumulation of polymeric α1AT not only by controlling the concentration of precursor monomers but also by promoting secretion of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ordóñez
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Heather P. Harding
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David Ron
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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21
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Lomas DA, Irving JA, Arico‐Muendel C, Belyanskaya S, Brewster A, Brown M, Chung C, Dave H, Denis A, Dodic N, Dossang A, Eddershaw P, Klimaszewska D, Haq I, Holmes DS, Hutchinson JP, Jagger AM, Jakhria T, Jigorel E, Liddle J, Lind K, Marciniak SJ, Messer J, Neu M, Olszewski A, Ordonez A, Ronzoni R, Rowedder J, Rüdiger M, Skinner S, Smith KJ, Terry R, Trottet L, Uings I, Wilson S, Zhu Z, Pearce AC. Development of a small molecule that corrects misfolding and increases secretion of Z α 1 -antitrypsin. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13167. [PMID: 33512066 PMCID: PMC7933930 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe α1 -antitrypsin deficiency results from the Z allele (Glu342Lys) that causes the accumulation of homopolymers of mutant α1 -antitrypsin within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes in association with liver disease. We have used a DNA-encoded chemical library to undertake a high-throughput screen to identify small molecules that bind to, and stabilise Z α1 -antitrypsin. The lead compound blocks Z α1 -antitrypsin polymerisation in vitro, reduces intracellular polymerisation and increases the secretion of Z α1 -antitrypsin threefold in an iPSC model of disease. Crystallographic and biophysical analyses demonstrate that GSK716 and related molecules bind to a cryptic binding pocket, negate the local effects of the Z mutation and stabilise the bound state against progression along the polymerisation pathway. Oral dosing of transgenic mice at 100 mg/kg three times a day for 20 days increased the secretion of Z α1 -antitrypsin into the plasma by sevenfold. There was no observable clearance of hepatic inclusions with respect to controls over the same time period. This study provides proof of principle that "mutation ameliorating" small molecules can block the aberrant polymerisation that underlies Z α1 -antitrypsin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Lomas
- UCL RespiratoryRayne InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - James A Irving
- UCL RespiratoryRayne InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Imran Haq
- UCL RespiratoryRayne InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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22
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Abstract
The lungs are exposed to a range of environmental toxins (including cigarette smoke, air pollution, asbestos) and pathogens (bacterial, viral and fungal), and most respiratory diseases are associated with local or systemic hypoxia. All of these adverse factors can trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The ER is a key intracellular site for synthesis of secretory and membrane proteins, regulating their folding, assembly into complexes, transport and degradation. Accumulation of misfolded proteins within the lumen results in ER stress, which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). Effectors of the UPR temporarily reduce protein synthesis, while enhancing degradation of misfolded proteins and increasing the folding capacity of the ER. If successful, homeostasis is restored and protein synthesis resumes, but if ER stress persists, cell death pathways are activated. ER stress and the resulting UPR occur in a range of pulmonary insults and the outcome plays an important role in many respiratory diseases. The UPR is triggered in the airway of patients with several respiratory diseases and in corresponding experimental models. ER stress has been implicated in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis, and evidence is accumulating suggesting that ER stress occurs in obstructive lung diseases (particularly in asthma), in pulmonary infections (some viral infections and in the setting of the cystic fibrosis airway) and in lung cancer. While a number of small molecule inhibitors have been used to interrogate the role of the UPR in disease models, many of these tools have complex and off-target effects, hence additional evidence (eg, from genetic manipulation) may be required to support conclusions based on the impact of such pharmacological agents. Aberrant activation of the UPR may be linked to disease pathogenesis and progression, but at present, our understanding of the context-specific and disease-specific mechanisms linking these processes is incomplete. Despite this, the ability of the UPR to defend against ER stress and influence a range of respiratory diseases is becoming increasingly evident, and the UPR is therefore attracting attention as a prospective target for therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Bradley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Clare A Stokes
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Lisa C Parker
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alison M Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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23
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Martinelli AW, Ingle T, Newman J, Nadeem I, Jackson K, Lane ND, Melhorn J, Davies HE, Rostron AJ, Adeni A, Conroy K, Woznitza N, Matson M, Brill SE, Murray J, Shah A, Naran R, Hare SS, Collas O, Bigham S, Spiro M, Huang MM, Iqbal B, Trenfield S, Ledot S, Desai S, Standing L, Babar J, Mahroof R, Smith I, Lee K, Tchrakian N, Uys S, Ricketts W, Patel ARC, Aujayeb A, Kokosi M, Wilkinson AJK, Marciniak SJ. COVID-19 and pneumothorax: a multicentre retrospective case series. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:2002697. [PMID: 32907891 PMCID: PMC7487269 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02697-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum have both been noted to complicate cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring hospital admission. We report the largest case series yet described of patients with both these pathologies (including nonventilated patients). METHODS Cases were collected retrospectively from UK hospitals with inclusion criteria limited to a diagnosis of COVID-19 and the presence of either pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Patients included in the study presented between March and June 2020. Details obtained from the medical record included demographics, radiology, laboratory investigations, clinical management and survival. RESULTS 71 patients from 16 centres were included in the study, of whom 60 had pneumothoraces (six with pneumomediastinum in addition) and 11 had pneumomediastinum alone. Two of these patients had two distinct episodes of pneumothorax, occurring bilaterally in sequential fashion, bringing the total number of pneumothoraces included to 62. Clinical scenarios included patients who had presented to hospital with pneumothorax, patients who had developed pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum during their inpatient admission with COVID-19 and patients who developed their complication while intubated and ventilated, either with or without concurrent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Survival at 28 days was not significantly different following pneumothorax (63.1±6.5%) or isolated pneumomediastinum (53.0±18.7%; p=0.854). The incidence of pneumothorax was higher in males. 28-day survival was not different between the sexes (males 62.5±7.7% versus females 68.4±10.7%; p=0.619). Patients aged ≥70 years had a significantly lower 28-day survival than younger individuals (≥70 years 41.7±13.5% survival versus <70 years 70.9±6.8% survival; p=0.018 log-rank). CONCLUSION These cases suggest that pneumothorax is a complication of COVID-19. Pneumothorax does not seem to be an independent marker of poor prognosis and we encourage continuation of active treatment where clinically possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Martinelli
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- CITIID, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Tejas Ingle
- The Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
- Both authors contributed equally
| | | | | | - Karl Jackson
- Northumbria Specialist Emergency Care Hospital, Cramlington, UK
| | - Nicholas D Lane
- Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Anthony J Rostron
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
| | - Aldrin Adeni
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | | | - Nick Woznitza
- NHS Nightingale Hospital, Royal Docks, London, UK
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | | | - Simon E Brill
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Hampstead, London, UK
| | - James Murray
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Hampstead, London, UK
| | - Amar Shah
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Hampstead, London, UK
| | - Revati Naran
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Hampstead, London, UK
| | - Samanjit S Hare
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Hampstead, London, UK
| | - Oliver Collas
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Hampstead, London, UK
| | - Sarah Bigham
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Hampstead, London, UK
| | - Michael Spiro
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Hampstead, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Smith
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kai Lee
- King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Anant R C Patel
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Hampstead, London, UK
| | - Avinash Aujayeb
- Northumbria Specialist Emergency Care Hospital, Cramlington, UK
| | | | | | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- CIMR, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Ye S, Azad AA, Chambers JE, Beckett AJ, Roach L, Moorcroft SCT, Aslam Z, Prior IA, Markham AF, Coletta PL, Marciniak SJ, Evans SD. Exploring High Aspect Ratio Gold Nanotubes as Cytosolic Agents: Structural Engineering and Uptake into Mesothelioma Cells. Small 2020; 16:e2003793. [PMID: 33103323 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation of effective and safe nanoagents for biological applications requires their physicochemical characteristics to be tunable, and their cellular interactions to be well characterized. Here, the controlled synthesis is developed for preparing high-aspect ratio gold nanotubes (AuNTs) with tailorable wall thickness, microstructure, composition, and optical characteristics. The modulation of optical properties generates AuNTs with strong near infrared absorption. Surface modification enhances dispersibility of AuNTs in aqueous media and results in low cytotoxicity. The uptake and trafficking of these AuNTs by primary mesothelioma cells demonstrate their accumulation in a perinuclear distribution where they are confined initially in membrane-bound vesicles from which they ultimately escape to the cytosol. This represents the first study of the cellular interactions of high-aspect ratio 1D metal nanomaterials and will facilitate the rational design of plasmonic nanoconstructs as cytosolic nanoagents for potential diagnosis and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjie Ye
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Arsalan A Azad
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alison J Beckett
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Lucien Roach
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Zabeada Aslam
- Leeds Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy Centre, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ian A Prior
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Alexander F Markham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - P Louise Coletta
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stephen D Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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25
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Emanuelli G, Nassehzadeh-Tabriz N, Morrell NW, Marciniak SJ. The integrated stress response in pulmonary disease. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/157/200184. [PMID: 33004527 PMCID: PMC7116220 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0184-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract and its resident immune cells face daily exposure
to stress, both from without and from within. Inhaled pathogens, including
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and toxins from pollution
trigger a cellular defence system that reduces protein synthesis to minimise
viral replication or the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Simultaneously, a
gene expression programme enhances antioxidant and protein folding machineries
in the lung. Four kinases (PERK, PKR, GCN2 and HRI) sense a diverse range of
stresses to trigger this “integrated stress response”. Here we review recent
advances identifying the integrated stress response as a critical pathway in the
pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases, including pneumonias, thoracic malignancy,
pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. Understanding the integrated
stress response provides novel targets for the development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Emanuelli
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Equal first authors
| | - Nikou Nassehzadeh-Tabriz
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Equal first authors
| | - Nick W Morrell
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK .,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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26
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Dell'Anno I, Barone E, Mutti L, Rassl DM, Marciniak SJ, Silvestri R, Landi S, Gemignani F. Tissue expression of lactate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) and prognosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (brief report). J Transl Med 2020; 18:341. [PMID: 32887638 PMCID: PMC7650278 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive neoplasm of the pleura, mainly related to asbestos exposure. As in other solid tumors, malignant cells exhibit high glucose uptake and glycolytic rates with increased lactic acid efflux into the interstitial space. Lactate transport into and out of cells, crucial to maintaining intracellular pH homeostasis and glycolysis, is carried out by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and the chaperone basigin (CD147). We set out to examine the clinical significance of basigin, MCT1 and MCT4 in the context of MPM and to evaluate their expression in relation to the evolution of the disease. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry to measure the expression of basigin, MCT1 and MCT4 in a cohort of 135 individuals with MPM compared to a series of 15 non-MPM pleura specimens. Moreover, by Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses we evaluated whether an expression over the average of these markers could be associated with the patients' overall survival (OS). RESULTS We detected positive staining of basigin, MCT1, and MCT4 in most MPM specimens. In particular, MCT4 was always positive in malignant tissues but undetectable in the 4 normal pleural specimens incorporated within the tissue microarray. This was confirmed in the additional series of 15 normal pleural samples. Moreover, MCT4 expression was significantly associated with reduced OS. CONCLUSION In this study, the tissue expression of basigin did not prove to be exploitable as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for MPM patients. The expression of MCT1 was not informative either, being tightly correlated with that of basigin. However, the expression of MCT4 showed promise as a diagnostic/therapeutic and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dell'Anno
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Elisa Barone
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Doris M Rassl
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Trust, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, B2 0AY, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy.
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Straková K, López-Andarias J, Jiménez-Rojo N, Chambers JE, Marciniak SJ, Riezman H, Sakai N, Matile S. HaloFlippers: A General Tool for the Fluorescence Imaging of Precisely Localized Membrane Tension Changes in Living Cells. ACS Cent Sci 2020; 6:1376-1385. [PMID: 32875078 PMCID: PMC7453570 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tools to image membrane tension in response to mechanical stimuli are badly needed in mechanobiology. We have recently introduced mechanosensitive flipper probes to report quantitatively global membrane tension changes in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) images of living cells. However, to address specific questions on physical forces in biology, the probes need to be localized precisely in the membrane of interest (MOI). Herein we present a general strategy to image the tension of the MOI by tagging our newly introduced HaloFlippers to self-labeling HaloTags fused to proteins in this membrane. The critical challenge in the construction of operational HaloFlippers is the tether linking the flipper and the HaloTag: It must be neither too taut nor too loose, be hydrophilic but lipophilic enough to passively diffuse across membranes to reach the HaloTags, and allow partitioning of flippers into the MOI after the reaction. HaloFlippers with the best tether show localized and selective fluorescence after reacting with HaloTags that are close enough to the MOI but remain nonemissive if the MOI cannot be reached. Their fluorescence lifetime in FLIM images varies depending on the nature of the MOI and responds to myriocin-mediated sphingomyelin depletion as well as to osmotic stress. The response to changes in such precisely localized membrane tension follows the validated principles, thus confirming intact mechanosensitivity. Examples covered include HaloTags in the Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, endolysosomes, and the ER, all thus becoming accessible to the selective fluorescence imaging of membrane tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Straková
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Javier López-Andarias
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- (J.L.-A.)
| | - Noemi Jiménez-Rojo
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Joseph E. Chambers
- Cambridge
Institute for Medical Research, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- Cambridge
Institute for Medical Research, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Riezman
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- (S.M.)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon R Johnson
- Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Matsumoto K, Marciniak SJ. The Importance of Genetic Factors in the Management of Spontaneous Pneumothorax. Curr Pulmonol Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-020-00248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Spontaneous pneumothoraces can be the presenting phenotype in a variety of different syndromic genetic conditions. Respiratory physicians therefore have the opportunity to diagnose and manage these patients early to prevent serious complications associated with these syndromes.
Recent Findings
The genetic syndromes that present with pneumothoraces can be split broadly between those resulting from defective extracellular matrix formation and those caused by defective tumour-suppressor pathways. When connective tissues are weakened, lifelong surveillance for arterial dilatation can be life-saving as surgical intervention is effective. Long-term aggressive treatment of blood pressure can also commence, although some controversy surrounds which drugs are most effective and precisely how these drugs modify disease progression. Rational treatments of syndromes in which tumour suppressor function is lost are being developed and, in some instances, can already be offered.
Summary
Careful clinical assessment of spontaneous pneumothorax may identify an underlying causal condition and facilitate life-saving intervention. Respiratory physicians must therefore be aware of these diseases and their diagnostic criteria.
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Rojas-Charry L, Calero-Martinez S, Morganti C, Morciano G, Park K, Hagel C, Marciniak SJ, Glatzel M, Pinton P, Sepulveda-Falla D. Susceptibility to cellular stress in PS1 mutant N2a cells is associated with mitochondrial defects and altered calcium homeostasis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6455. [PMID: 32296078 PMCID: PMC7160112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PS1) mutations are the most common cause of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). PS1 also plays a role in cellular processes such as calcium homeostasis and autophagy. We hypothesized that mutant presenilins increase cellular vulnerability to stress. We stably expressed human PS1, mutant PS1E280A and mutant PS1Δ9 in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells. We examined early signs of stress in different conditions: endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, calcium overload, oxidative stress, and Aβ 1-42 oligomers toxicity. Additionally, we induced autophagy via serum starvation. PS1 mutations did not have an effect in ER stress but PS1E280A mutation affected autophagy. PS1 overexpression influenced calcium homeostasis and generated mitochondrial calcium overload modifying mitochondrial function. However, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) was affected in PS1 mutants, being accelerated in PS1E280A and inhibited in PS1Δ9 cells. Altered autophagy in PS1E280A cells was neither modified by inhibition of γ-secretase, nor by ER calcium retention. MPTP opening was directly regulated by γ-secretase inhibitors independent on organelle calcium modulation, suggesting a novel direct role for PS1 and γ-secretase in mitochondrial stress. We identified intrinsic cellular vulnerability to stress in PS1 mutants associated simultaneously with both, autophagic and mitochondrial function, independent of Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Rojas-Charry
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergio Calero-Martinez
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Morganti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kyungeun Park
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hagel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Sepulveda-Falla
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Kubánková M, Chambers JE, Huber RG, Bond PJ, Marciniak SJ, Kuimova MK. Linker length affects photostability of protein-targeted sensor of cellular microviscosity. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2019; 7:044004. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab481f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
This Special Issue comprises eleven excellent reviews that illustrate the role of ER stress in different human diseases, including myopathies and lung diseases, as well as in modulating liver dysfunction and inflammatory responses. These reviews also highlight the function of the UPR in neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, while discussing the potential benefits of targeting the UPR as a therapeutic approach. We hope you find these reviews interesting and informative and we thank the authors for these excellent contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a complex pathology involving a cascade of cellular mechanisms, which deregulate proteostasis and lead to neuronal death. Proteostasis refers to the equilibrium between protein synthesis, folding, transport, and protein degradation. Within the brain proteostasis plays key roles in learning and memory by controlling protein synthesis and degradation. Two important pathways are implicated in the regulation of proteostasis: the unfolded protein response (UPR) and macroautophagy (called hereafter autophagy). Both are necessary for cell survival, however, their over-activation in duration or intensity can lead to cell death. Moreover, UPR and autophagy can activate and potentiate each other to worsen the issue of cerebral ischemia. A better understanding of autophagy and ER stress will allow the development of therapeutic strategies for stroke, both at the acute phase and during recovery. This review summarizes the latest therapeutic advances implicating ER stress or autophagy in cerebral ischemia. We argue that the processes governing proteostasis should be considered together in stroke, rather than focusing either on ER stress or autophagy in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Thiebaut
- INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Hedou
- INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Benoit D Roussel
- INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
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Abstract
A genetic influence on spontaneous pneumothoraces-those occurring without a traumatic or iatrogenic cause-is supported by several lines of evidence: 1) pneumothorax can cluster in families (i.e., familial spontaneous pneumothorax), 2) mutations in the FLCN gene have been found in both familial and sporadic cases, and 3) pneumothorax is a known complication of several genetic syndromes. Herein, we review known genetic contributions to both sporadic and familial pneumothorax. We summarize the pneumothorax-associated genetic syndromes, including Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, Marfan syndrome, vascular (type IV) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, tuberous sclerosis complex/lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, cystic fibrosis, homocystinuria, and cutis laxa, among others. At times, pneumothorax is their herald manifestation. These syndromes have serious potential extrapulmonary complications (e.g., malignant renal tumors in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome), and surveillance and/or treatment is available for most disorders; thus, establishing a diagnosis is critical. To facilitate this, we provide an algorithm to guide the clinician in discerning which cases of spontaneous pneumothorax may have a genetic or familial contribution, which cases warrant genetic testing, and which cases should prompt an evaluation by a geneticist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Boone
- Harvard Genetics Training Program, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel M. Scott
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth P. Henske
- Pulmonary Genetics Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Benjamin A. Raby
- Pulmonary Genetics Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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35
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Patel V, Bidault G, Chambers JE, Carobbio S, Everden AJT, Garcés C, Dalton LE, Gribble FM, Vidal-Puig A, Marciniak SJ. Inactivation of Ppp1r15a minimises weight gain and insulin resistance during caloric excess in female mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2903. [PMID: 30814564 PMCID: PMC6393541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α within the mediobasal hypothalamus is known to suppress food intake, but the role of the eIF2α phosphatases in regulating body weight is poorly understood. Mice deficient in active PPP1R15A, a stress-inducible eIF2α phosphatase, are healthy and more resistant to endoplasmic reticulum stress than wild type controls. We report that when female Ppp1r15a mutant mice are fed a high fat diet they gain less weight than wild type littermates owing to reduced food intake. This results in healthy leaner Ppp1r15a mutant animals with reduced hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity, albeit with a possible modest defect in insulin secretion. By contrast, no weight differences are observed between wild type and Ppp1r15a deficient mice fed a standard diet. We conclude that female mice lacking the C-terminal PP1-binding domain of PPP1R15A show reduced dietary intake and preserved glucose tolerance. Our data indicate that this results in reduced weight gain and protection from diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vruti Patel
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK ,0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP UK
| | - Guillaume Bidault
- 0000 0004 0622 5016grid.120073.7Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Joseph E. Chambers
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- 0000 0004 0622 5016grid.120073.7Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Angharad J. T. Everden
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Concepción Garcés
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Lucy E. Dalton
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Fiona M. Gribble
- 0000 0004 0622 5016grid.120073.7Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- 0000 0004 0622 5016grid.120073.7Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK ,0000 0004 0427 7672grid.52788.30Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK ,0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP UK
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Dickens JA, Malzer E, Chambers JE, Marciniak SJ. Pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress-scars, smoke, and suffocation. FEBS J 2019; 286:322-341. [PMID: 29323786 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress) can be a cause or consequence of pulmonary disease. Mutation of proteins restricted to the alveolar type II pneumocyte can lead to inherited forms of pulmonary fibrosis, but even sporadic cases of pulmonary fibrosis appear to be strongly associated with activation of the unfolded protein response and/or the integrated stress response. Inhalation of smoke can impair protein folding and may be an important cause of pulmonary ER stress. Similarly, tissue hypoxia can lead to impaired protein homeostasis (proteostasis). But the mechanisms linking smoke and hypoxia to ER stress are only partially understood. In this review, we will examine the role of ER stress in the pathogenesis of lung disease by focusing on fibrosis, smoke, and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Dickens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Elke Malzer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
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Segeritz CP, Rashid ST, de Brito MC, Serra MP, Ordonez A, Morell CM, Kaserman JE, Madrigal P, Hannan NRF, Gatto L, Tan L, Wilson AA, Lilley K, Marciniak SJ, Gooptu B, Lomas DA, Vallier L. hiPSC hepatocyte model demonstrates the role of unfolded protein response and inflammatory networks in α 1-antitrypsin deficiency. J Hepatol 2018; 69:851-860. [PMID: 29879455 PMCID: PMC6562205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS α1-Antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene. Individuals with the Z variant (Gly342Lys) retain polymerised protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of their hepatocytes, predisposing them to liver disease. The concomitant lack of circulating A1AT also causes lung emphysema. Greater insight into the mechanisms that link protein misfolding to liver injury will facilitate the design of novel therapies. METHODS Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived hepatocytes provide a novel approach to interrogate the molecular mechanisms of A1ATD because of their patient-specific genetic architecture and reflection of human physiology. To that end, we utilised patient-specific hiPSC hepatocyte-like cells (ZZ-HLCs) derived from an A1ATD (ZZ) patient, which faithfully recapitulated key aspects of the disease at the molecular and cellular level. Subsequent functional and "omics" comparisons of these cells with their genetically corrected isogenic-line (RR-HLCs) and primary hepatocytes/human tissue enabled identification of new molecular markers and disease signatures. RESULTS Our studies showed that abnormal A1AT polymer processing (immobilised ER components, reduced luminal protein mobility and disrupted ER cisternae) occurred heterogeneously within hepatocyte populations and was associated with disrupted mitochondrial structure, presence of the oncogenic protein AKR1B10 and two upregulated molecular clusters centred on members of inflammatory (IL-18 and Caspase-4) and unfolded protein response (Calnexin and Calreticulin) pathways. These results were validated in a second patient-specific hiPSC line. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified novel pathways that potentially link the expression of Z A1AT polymers to liver disease. These findings could help pave the way towards identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of A1ATD. LAY SUMMARY This study compared the gene expression and protein profiles of healthy liver cells and those affected by the inherited disease α1-antitrypsin deficiency. This approach identified specific factors primarily present in diseased samples which could provide new targets for drug development. This study also demonstrates the interest of using hepatic cells generated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells to model liver disease in vitro for uncovering new mechanisms with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Sheikh Tamir Rashid
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Institute for Liver Studies, King's College London, UK.
| | - Miguel Cardoso de Brito
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Paola Serra
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Institute for Liver Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - Adriana Ordonez
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Carola Maria Morell
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph E Kaserman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Pedro Madrigal
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas R F Hannan
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurent Gatto
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Building O, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Lu Tan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kathryn Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Building O, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | | | - Bibek Gooptu
- NIHR Leicester BRC-Respiratory and Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, UK; ISMB/Birkbeck & UCL, University of London, UK; Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, UK
| | | | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus Hinxton, UK.
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Chambers JE, Dickens JA, Marciniak SJ. Measuring the effects of α 1 -antitrypsin polymerisation on the structure and biophysical properties of the endoplasmic reticulum. Biol Cell 2018; 110:249-255. [PMID: 30129166 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An important function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is to serve as a site of secretory protein folding. When the accumulation of misfolded proteins threatens to disturb luminal homoeostasis, the cell is said to experience ER stress. By contrast, the accumulation of well-folded proteins inside the ER leads to a distinct form of strain called ER overload. The serpins comprise a large family of proteins whose folding has been studied in great detail. Some mutant serpins misfold to cause ER stress, whereas others fold but then polymerise to cause ER overload. We discuss recent advances in the use of dynamic fluorescence imaging to study these phenomena. We also discuss a new technique that we recently published, rotor-based organelle viscosity imaging (ROVI), which promises to shed more light on the biophysical features of ER stress and ER overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jennifer A Dickens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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Chambers JE, Kubánková M, Huber RG, López-Duarte I, Avezov E, Bond PJ, Marciniak SJ, Kuimova MK. An Optical Technique for Mapping Microviscosity Dynamics in Cellular Organelles. ACS Nano 2018; 12:4398-4407. [PMID: 29648785 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic viscosity (microviscosity) is a key determinant of diffusion in the cell and defines the rate of biological processes occurring at the nanoscale, including enzyme-driven metabolism and protein folding. Here we establish a rotor-based organelle viscosity imaging (ROVI) methodology that enables real-time quantitative mapping of cell microviscosity. This approach uses environment-sensitive dyes termed molecular rotors, covalently linked to genetically encoded probes to provide compartment-specific microviscosity measurements via fluorescence lifetime imaging. ROVI visualized spatial and temporal dynamics of microviscosity with suborganellar resolution, reporting on a microviscosity difference of nearly an order of magnitude between subcellular compartments. In the mitochondrial matrix, ROVI revealed several striking findings: a broad heterogeneity of microviscosity among individual mitochondria, unparalleled resilience to osmotic stress, and real-time changes in microviscosity during mitochondrial depolarization. These findings demonstrate the use of ROVI to explore the biophysical mechanisms underlying cell biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine , University of Cambridge , Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road , Cambridge , CB2 0XY , United Kingdom
| | - Markéta Kubánková
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Roland G Huber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII) , Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) , Matrix 07-01, 30 Biopolis Street , 138671 Singapore
| | - Ismael López-Duarte
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Edward Avezov
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH , United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII) , Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) , Matrix 07-01, 30 Biopolis Street , 138671 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences , National University of Singapore , 14 Science Drive 4 , 117543 Singapore
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine , University of Cambridge , Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road , Cambridge , CB2 0XY , United Kingdom
| | - Marina K Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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Malzer E, Dominicus CS, Chambers JE, Dickens JA, Mookerjee S, Marciniak SJ. The integrated stress response regulates BMP signalling through effects on translation. BMC Biol 2018; 16:34. [PMID: 29609607 PMCID: PMC5881181 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Developmental pathways must be responsive to the environment. Phosphorylation of eIF2α enables a family of stress-sensing kinases to trigger the integrated stress response (ISR), which has pro-survival and developmental consequences. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate multiple developmental processes in organisms from insects to mammals. Results Here we show in Drosophila that GCN2 antagonises BMP signalling through direct effects on translation and indirectly via the transcription factor crc (dATF4). Expression of a constitutively active GCN2 or loss of the eIF2α phosphatase dPPP1R15 impairs developmental BMP signalling in flies. In cells, inhibition of translation by GCN2 blocks downstream BMP signalling. Moreover, loss of d4E-BP, a target of crc, augments BMP signalling in vitro and rescues tissue development in vivo. Conclusion These results identify a novel mechanism by which the ISR modulates BMP signalling during development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0503-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Malzer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Caia S Dominicus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Jennifer A Dickens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Souradip Mookerjee
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK. .,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK.
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41
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Scott RM, Henske EP, Raby B, Boone PM, Rusk RA, Marciniak SJ. Familial pneumothorax: towards precision medicine. Thorax 2018; 73:270-276. [PMID: 29288214 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One in 10 patients suffering from primary spontaneous pneumothoraces has a family history of the disorder. Such familial pneumothoraces can occur in isolation, but can also be the presentation of serious genetic disorders with life-threatening vascular or cancerous complications. As the pneumothorax frequently precedes the more dangerous complications by many years, it provides an opportunity to intervene in a focused manner, permitting the practice of precision medicine. In this review, we will discuss the clinical manifestations and underlying biology of the genetic causes of familial pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Scott
- Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Genetics Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip M Boone
- Harvard Genetics Training Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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42
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Abstract
Exposure to inhaled pollutants, including fine particulates and cigarette smoke is a major cause of lung disease in Europe. While it is established that inhaled pollutants have devastating effects on the genome, it is now recognised that additional effects on protein folding also drive the development of lung disease. Protein misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum affects the pathogenesis of many diseases, ranging from pulmonary fibrosis to cancer. It is therefore important to understand how cells respond to endoplasmic reticulum stress and how this affects pulmonary tissues in disease. These insights may offer opportunities to manipulate such endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and thereby cure lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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43
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Crespillo-Casado A, Chambers JE, Fischer PM, Marciniak SJ, Ron D. PPP1R15A-mediated dephosphorylation of eIF2α is unaffected by Sephin1 or Guanabenz. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28447936 PMCID: PMC5429092 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dephosphorylation of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) terminates signalling in the mammalian integrated stress response (ISR) and has emerged as a promising target for modifying the course of protein misfolding diseases. The [(o-chlorobenzylidene)amino]guanidines (Guanabenz and Sephin1) have been proposed to exert protective effects against misfolding by interfering with eIF2α-P dephosphorylation through selective disruption of a PP1-PPP1R15A holophosphatase complex. Surprisingly, they proved inert in vitro affecting neither stability of the PP1-PPP1R15A complex nor substrate-specific dephosphorylation. Furthermore, eIF2α-P dephosphorylation, assessed by a kinase shut-off experiment, progressed normally in Sephin1-treated cells. Consistent with its role in defending proteostasis, Sephin1 attenuated the IRE1 branch of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. However, repression was noted in both wildtype and Ppp1r15a deleted cells and in cells rendered ISR-deficient by CRISPR editing of the Eif2s1 locus to encode a non-phosphorylatable eIF2α (eIF2αS51A). These findings challenge the view that [(o-chlorobenzylidene)amino]guanidines restore proteostasis by interfering with eIF2α-P dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Crespillo-Casado
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M Fischer
- Division of Biomolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Ron
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Zhuang Y, de Vries DE, Marciniak SJ, Liu H, Zhou H, Davis HM, Leon F, Raible D, Xu Z. Absolute Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Comparability of Sirukumab Following Subcutaneous Administration by a Prefilled Syringe or an Autoinjector. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2017; 6:570-576. [PMID: 28052588 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This phase 1, randomized, open-label study assessed the absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetic comparability of sirukumab, a human anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, following subcutaneous (SC) administration via Prefilled Syringe-UltraSafe Passive® Delivery System (PFS-U) or Prefilled Syringe-SmartJect® Autoinjector (PFS-AI; Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania). A total of 144 healthy male subjects were randomized to 5 single-dose treatment groups: sirukumab 50 mg and 100 mg (each by PFS-U and PFS-AI) and sirukumab 100 mg intravenous (IV) infusion. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. Following SC administration, maximum serum concentrations (Cmax ) and area under the concentration-vs-time curve (AUC) increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner. Median time to reach Cmax was 5 days, and mean half-life ranged from 16 to 19 days. Mean absolute bioavailability of sirukumab by PFS-AI and PFS-U, respectively, was estimated at 92.4% and 81.4% with 100 mg and 88.4% and 94.7% with 50 mg. Ratios of geometric means (90% confidence intervals) of Cmax and AUC0-77d for PFS-AI:PFS-U were 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) and 1.14 (1.05, 1.24), respectively, indicating comparable systemic exposures of sirukumab following a single 100-mg SC dose by PFS-U or PFS-AI. The incidence of antibodies to sirukumab was low (1.4%). No new safety concerns associated with sirukumab were identified at either dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhuang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - S J Marciniak
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - H Liu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - H M Davis
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - F Leon
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - D Raible
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Z Xu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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Parfrey H, Moseley E, Beardsley B, Knight J, Marciniak SJ, Rassl D. S76 Endoplasmic reticulum stress correlates with fibrosis in interstitial lung disease. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dickens JA, Ordóñez A, Chambers JE, Beckett AJ, Patel V, Malzer E, Dominicus CS, Bradley J, Peden AA, Prior IA, Lomas DA, Marciniak SJ. The endoplasmic reticulum remains functionally connected by vesicular transport after its fragmentation in cells expressing Z-α1-antitrypsin. FASEB J 2016; 30:4083-4097. [PMID: 27601439 PMCID: PMC5102109 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600430r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
α1-Antitrypsin is a serine protease inhibitor produced in the liver that is responsible for the regulation of pulmonary inflammation. The commonest pathogenic gene mutation yields Z-α1-antitrypsin, which has a propensity to self-associate forming polymers that become trapped in inclusions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is unclear whether these inclusions are connected to the main ER network in Z-α1-antitrypsin-expressing cells. Using live cell imaging, we found that despite inclusions containing an immobile matrix of polymeric α1-antitrypsin, small ER resident proteins can diffuse freely within them. Inclusions have many features to suggest they represent fragmented ER, and some are physically separated from the tubular ER network, yet we observed cargo to be transported between them in a cytosol-dependent fashion that is sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide and dependent on Sar1 and sec22B. We conclude that protein recycling occurs between ER inclusions despite their physical separation.-Dickens, J. A., Ordóñez, A., Chambers, J. E., Beckett, A. J., Patel, V., Malzer, E., Dominicus, C. S., Bradley, J., Peden, A. A., Prior, I. A., Lomas, D. A., Marciniak, S. J. The endoplasmic reticulum remains functionally connected by vesicular transport after its fragmentation in cells expressing Z-α1-antitrypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Dickens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Ordóñez
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Beckett
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Vruti Patel
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elke Malzer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Caia S Dominicus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jayson Bradley
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A Peden
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A Prior
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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47
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Malzer E, Dominicus CS, Marciniak SJ. S86 Understanding the role of GCN2 in modulating BMP signaling using drosophila – implications for pulmonary hypertension. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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48
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Fra A, Cosmi F, Ordoñez A, Berardelli R, Perez J, Guadagno NA, Corda L, Marciniak SJ, Lomas DA, Miranda E. Polymers of Z α1-antitrypsin are secreted in cell models of disease. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:1005-9. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00940-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dickens JA, Ordonez A, Chambers JE, Lomas DA, Marciniak SJ. S126 Measuring ER protein mobility during ER fragmentation in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Moriconi C, Ordoñez A, Lupo G, Gooptu B, Irving JA, Noto R, Martorana V, Manno M, Timpano V, Guadagno NA, Dalton L, Marciniak SJ, Lomas DA, Miranda E. Interactions between N-linked glycosylation and polymerisation of neuroserpin within the endoplasmic reticulum. FEBS J 2015; 282:4565-79. [PMID: 26367528 PMCID: PMC4949553 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal serpin neuroserpin undergoes polymerisation as a consequence of point mutations that alter its conformational stability, leading to a neurodegenerative dementia called familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB). Neuroserpin is a glycoprotein with predicted glycosylation sites at asparagines 157, 321 and 401. We used site-directed mutagenesis, transient transfection, western blot, metabolic labelling and ELISA to probe the relationship between glycosylation, folding, polymerisation and degradation of neuroserpin in validated cell models of health and disease. Our data show that glycosylation at N157 and N321 plays an important role in maintaining the monomeric state of neuroserpin, and we propose this is the result of steric hindrance or effects on local conformational dynamics that can contribute to polymerisation. Asparagine residue 401 is not glycosylated in wild type neuroserpin and in several polymerogenic variants that cause FENIB, but partial glycosylation was observed in the G392E mutant of neuroserpin that causes severe, early-onset dementia. Our findings indicate that N401 glycosylation reports lability of the C-terminal end of neuroserpin in its native state. This C-terminal lability is not required for neuroserpin polymerisation in the endoplasmic reticulum, but the additional glycan facilitates degradation of the mutant protein during proteasomal impairment. In summary, our results indicate how normal and variant-specific N-linked glycosylation events relate to intracellular folding, misfolding, degradation and polymerisation of neuroserpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Moriconi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Ordoñez
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, UK
| | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Bibek Gooptu
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - James A Irving
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, UK
| | - Rosina Noto
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biophysics, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Martorana
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biophysics, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biophysics, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Timpano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi A Guadagno
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Lucy Dalton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, UK
| | - Elena Miranda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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