1
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Cambien B, Lebrigand K, Baeri A, Nottet N, Compin C, Lamit A, Ferraris O, Peyrefitte CN, Magnone V, Henriques J, Zaragosi LE, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Bost F, Gautier-Isola M, Rezzonico R, Barbry P, Barthel R, Mari B, Vassaux G. Identification of oncolytic vaccinia restriction factors in canine high-grade mammary tumor cells using single-cell transcriptomics. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008660. [PMID: 33075093 PMCID: PMC7595618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary carcinoma, including triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) are tumor-types for which human and canine pathologies are closely related at the molecular level. The efficacy of an oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) was compared in low-passage primary carcinoma cells from TNBC versus non-TNBC. Non-TNBC cells were 28 fold more sensitive to VV than TNBC cells in which VV replication is impaired. Single-cell RNA-seq performed on two different TNBC cell samples, infected or not with VV, highlighted three distinct populations: naïve cells, bystander cells, defined as cells exposed to the virus but not infected and infected cells. The transcriptomes of these three populations showed striking variations in the modulation of pathways regulated by cytokines and growth factors. We hypothesized that the pool of genes expressed in the bystander populations was enriched in antiviral genes. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that the reduced activity of the virus was associated with a higher mesenchymal status of the cells. In addition, we demonstrated experimentally that high expression of one gene, DDIT4, is detrimental to VV production. Considering that DDIT4 is associated with a poor prognosis in various cancers including TNBC, our data highlight DDIT4 as a candidate resistance marker for oncolytic poxvirus therapy. This information could be used to design new generations of oncolytic poxviruses. Beyond the field of gene therapy, this study demonstrates that single-cell transcriptomics can be used to identify cellular factors influencing viral replication. The identification of cellular genes influencing viral replication/propagation has been studied using hypothesis-driven approaches and/or high-throughput RNA interference screens. In the present report, we propose a methodology based on single-cell transcriptomics. We have studied, in the context of oncolytic virotherapy, the susceptibility of different grades of primary low-passage mammary carcinoma cells of canine origin to an oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV). We highlight a fault in replication of VV in cells that originated from high-grade triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBC). Single-cell RNA-seq performed on TNBC cell samples infected with VV suggested that the reduced activity of the virus was associated with a higher mesenchymal status of the cells. We also demonstrate that high expression of one gene, DDIT4, is detrimental to VV production. Considering that DDIT4 is associated with a poor prognosis in various cancers including TNBC, our data highlight DDIT4 as a candidate resistance marker for oncolytic poxvirus therapy. Beyond the field of cancer gene therapy, we demonstrate here that single-cell transcriptomics increases the arsenal of tools available to identify cellular factors influencing viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Lebrigand
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | - Alberto Baeri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | - Nicolas Nottet
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Audrey Lamit
- Université Côte d'Azur, CEA, Laboratoire TIRO, Nice France
| | - Olivier Ferraris
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Virginie Magnone
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roger Rezzonico
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Pascal Barbry
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Bernard Mari
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Valbonne, France
| | - Georges Vassaux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
- * E-mail:
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2
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Moroso M, Verlhac P, Ferraris O, Rozières A, Carbonnelle C, Mély S, Endtz HP, Peyrefitte CN, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Viret C, Faure M. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus replication imposes hyper-lipidation of MAP1LC3 in epithelial cells. Autophagy 2020; 16:1858-1870. [PMID: 31905032 PMCID: PMC8386629 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1709765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a virus that causes severe liver dysfunctions and hemorrhagic fever, with high mortality rate. Here, we show that CCHFV infection caused a massive lipidation of LC3 in hepatocytes. This lipidation was not dependent on ATG5, ATG7 or BECN1, and no signs for recruitment of the alternative ATG12-ATG3 pathway for lipidation was found. Both virus replication and protein synthesis were required for the lipidation of LC3. Despite an augmented transcription of SQSTM1, the amount of proteins did not show a massive and sustained increase in infected cells, indicating that degradation of SQSTM1 by macroautophagy/autophagy was still occurring. The genetic alteration of autophagy did not influence the production of CCHFV particles demonstrating that autophagy was not required for CCHFV replication. Thus, the results indicate that CCHFV multiplication imposes an overtly elevated level of LC3 mobilization that involves a possibly novel type of non-canonical lipidation. Abbreviations: BECN1: Beclin 1; CCHF: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever; CCHFV: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; CHX: cycloheximide; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GP: glycoproteins; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; n.i.: non-infected; NP: nucleoprotein; p.i.: post-infection; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Moroso
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Verlhac
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Ferraris
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
- Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Biomedical Research Institute of the French Army (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Aurore Rozières
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Stéphane Mély
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, Lyon, France
| | - Hubert P. Endtz
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe N. Peyrefitte
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
- Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Biomedical Research Institute of the French Army (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Glaucia Paranhos-Baccalà
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM, France
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3
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Ferraris O, Moroso M, Siracusa J, Jarjaval F, Goriot ME, Peyrefitte CN, Banzet S. Circulating microRNA profile in a mouse model of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Virus Res 2018; 263:16-20. [PMID: 30605756 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe disease leading to high mortality in humans. Early diagnosis and evaluation of the severity are necessary to improve patient survival. In a model of CCHF virus-infected interferon-receptor-deficient (IFNAR) KO mice, we found a specific circulating miRNA (c-miRNA) profile when compared to wild-type (wt), resistant mice. Among this response, 20 c-miRNA were shown to be specifically altered, including miR-122-5p, miR-216a-5p, 217-5p, miR-29a-3p and miR-511-5p. Using a logistic regression analysis, a combination of 8 miRNAs allowed a 100% discrimination of mice developing a severe illness (IFNAR-KO) from non-detectable clinical signs (wt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Ferraris
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Marie Moroso
- Laboratoire des Pathogènes Emergents, Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Siracusa
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Fanny Jarjaval
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Marie-Emmanuelle Goriot
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France; UMR-MD-1197, INSERM, Université Paris Sud, Clamart, France
| | | | - Sébastien Banzet
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France; UMR-MD-1197, INSERM, Université Paris Sud, Clamart, France
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Tournier JN, Peyrefitte CN, Biot F, Merens A, Simon F. The threat of bioterrorism. Lancet Infect Dis 2018; 19:18-19. [PMID: 30587283 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Nicolas Tournier
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, CNRS UMR-3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; French National Reference Center for Anthrax, Brétigny sur Orge, France.
| | - Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche, Unité des Virus Emergent, IRD-190, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research-1207, Marseille, France; French National Reference Center for Orthopoxviruses, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Fabrice Biot
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; French National Reference Center for Anthrax, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Audrey Merens
- Biology Laboratory, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint Mandé, France
| | - Fabrice Simon
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France
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5
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Zaza AD, Herbreteau CH, Peyrefitte CN. Description and characterization of a novel live-attenuated tri-segmented Machupo virus in Guinea pigs. Virol J 2018; 15:99. [PMID: 29879985 PMCID: PMC5992841 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Machupo virus (MACV) is a member of the Mammarenavirus genus, Arenaviridae family and is the etiologic agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, which causes small outbreaks or sporadic cases. Several other arenaviruses in South America Junín virus (JUNV) in Argentina, Guanarito in Venezuela, Sabiá in Brazil and Chapare in Bolivia, also are responsible for human hemorrhagic fevers. Among these arenaviruses, JUNV caused thousands of human cases until 1991, when the live attenuated Candid #1 vaccine, was used. Other than Candid #1 vaccine, few other therapeutic or prophylactic treatments exist. Therefore, new strategies for production of safe countermeasures with broad spectrum activity are needed. Findings We tested a tri-segmented MACV, a potential vaccine candidate with several mutations, (r3MACV). In cell culture, r3MACV showed a 2-log reduction in infectious virus particle production and the MACV inhibition of INF-1β was removed from the construct and produced by infected cells. Furthermore, in an animal experiment, r3MACV was able to protect 50% of guinea pigs from a simultaneous lethal JUNV challenge. Protected animals didn’t display clinical symptoms nor were virus particles found in peripheral blood (day 14) or in organs (day 28 post-inoculation). The r3MACV provided a higher protection than the Candid #1 vaccine. Conclusions The r3MACV provides a potential countermeasure against two South America arenaviruses responsible of human hemorrhagic fever. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1009-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie D Zaza
- , Fab'entech, 24 rue Jean Baldassini Bat B 69007, Lyon, France. .,Unité de virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | | | - Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,UMR 190, Faculté de Médecine-Timone, 27 boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
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6
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Zaza AD, Herbreteau CH, Peyrefitte CN, Emonet SF. Mammarenaviruses deleted from their Z gene are replicative and produce an infectious progeny in BHK-21 cells. Virology 2018; 518:34-44. [PMID: 29453057 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammarenaviruses bud out of infected cells via the recruitment of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport through late domain motifs localized into their Z protein. Here, we demonstrated that mammarenaviruses lacking this protein can be rescued and are replicative, despite a 3-log reduction in virion production, in BHK-21 cells, but not in five other cell lines. Mutations of putative late domain motifs identified into the viral nucleoprotein resulted in the almost complete abolition of infectious virion production by Z-deleted mammarenaviruses. This result strongly suggested that the nucleoprotein may compensate for the deletion of Z. These observations were primarily obtained using the Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and further confirmed using the Old World Lassa and New World Machupo viruses, responsible of human hemorrhagic fevers. Z-deleted viruses should prove very useful tools to investigate the biology of Mammarenaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie D Zaza
- Fab'entech, 24 rue Jean Baldassini, 69007 Lyon, France; Unité de virologie, Département de Biologie des Agents Transmissibles, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place général Valérie André, BP 73 91 223 Brétigny-sur-Orge cedex, France.
| | | | - Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de virologie, Département de Biologie des Agents Transmissibles, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place général Valérie André, BP 73 91 223 Brétigny-sur-Orge cedex, France.
| | - Sébastien F Emonet
- Unité de virologie, Département de Biologie des Agents Transmissibles, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place général Valérie André, BP 73 91 223 Brétigny-sur-Orge cedex, France.
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7
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Delaune D, Iseni F, Ferrier-Rembert A, Peyrefitte CN, Ferraris O. The French Armed Forces Virology Unit: A Chronological Record of Ongoing Research on Orthopoxvirus. Viruses 2017; 10:E3. [PMID: 29295488 PMCID: PMC5795416 DOI: 10.3390/v10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the official declaration of smallpox eradication in 1980, the general population vaccination has ceased worldwide. Therefore, people under 40 year old are generally not vaccinated against smallpox and have no cross protection against orthopoxvirus infections. This naïve population may be exposed to natural or intentional orthopoxvirus emergences. The virology unit of the Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (France) has developed research programs on orthopoxviruses since 2000. Its missions were conceived to improve the diagnosis capabilities, to foster vaccine development, and to develop antivirals targeting specific viral proteins. The role of the virology unit was asserted in 2012 when the responsibility of the National Reference Center for the Orthopoxviruses was given to the unit. This article presents the evolution of the unit activity since 2000, and the past and current research focusing on orthopoxviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Delaune
- Unité de virologie, Centre National de Référence-Laboratoire Expert Orthopoxvirus, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Frédéric Iseni
- Unité de virologie, Centre National de Référence-Laboratoire Expert Orthopoxvirus, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Audrey Ferrier-Rembert
- Unité de virologie, Centre National de Référence-Laboratoire Expert Orthopoxvirus, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de virologie, Centre National de Référence-Laboratoire Expert Orthopoxvirus, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Olivier Ferraris
- Unité de virologie, Centre National de Référence-Laboratoire Expert Orthopoxvirus, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
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8
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Tarbouriech N, Ducournau C, Hutin S, Mas PJ, Man P, Forest E, Hart DJ, Peyrefitte CN, Burmeister WP, Iseni F. The vaccinia virus DNA polymerase structure provides insights into the mode of processivity factor binding. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1455. [PMID: 29129932 PMCID: PMC5682278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototype member of the Poxviridae, replicates in the cytoplasm of an infected cell. The catalytic subunit of the DNA polymerase E9 binds the heterodimeric processivity factor A20/D4 to form the functional polymerase holoenzyme. Here we present the crystal structure of full-length E9 at 2.7 Å resolution that permits identification of important poxvirus-specific structural insertions. One insertion in the palm domain interacts with C-terminal residues of A20 and thus serves as the processivity factor-binding site. This is in strong contrast to all other family B polymerases that bind their co-factors at the C terminus of the thumb domain. The VACV E9 structure also permits rationalization of polymerase inhibitor resistance mutations when compared with the closely related eukaryotic polymerase delta–DNA complex. The catalytic subunit E9 of the vaccinia virus DNA polymerase forms a functional polymerase holoenzyme by interacting with the heterodimeric processivity factor A20/D4. Here the authors present the structure of full-length E9 and show that an insertion within its palm domain binds A20, in a mode different from other family B polymerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tarbouriech
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Ducournau
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, BP 73, 91223, Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Stephanie Hutin
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe J Mas
- Integrated Structural Biology Grenoble (ISBG) CNRS, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes, EMBL, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Petr Man
- BioCeV-Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Forest
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Darren J Hart
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, BP 73, 91223, Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France.,Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Wim P Burmeister
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Iseni
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, BP 73, 91223, Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France.
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9
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Gay-Andrieu F, Magassouba N, Picot V, Phillips CL, Peyrefitte CN, Dacosta B, Doré A, Kourouma F, Ligeon-Ligeonnet V, Gauby C, Longuet C, Scullion M, Faye O, Machuron JL, Miller M. Clinical evaluation of the BioFire FilmArray ® BioThreat-E test for the diagnosis of Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea. J Clin Virol 2017; 92:20-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Contesto-Richefeu C, Tarbouriech N, Brazzolotto X, Burmeister WP, Peyrefitte CN, Iseni F. Structural analysis of point mutations at the Vaccinia virus A20/D4 interface. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:687-91. [PMID: 27599859 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16011778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Vaccinia virus polymerase holoenzyme is composed of three subunits: E9, the catalytic DNA polymerase subunit; D4, a uracil-DNA glycosylase; and A20, a protein with no known enzymatic activity. The D4/A20 heterodimer is the DNA polymerase cofactor, the function of which is essential for processive DNA synthesis. The recent crystal structure of D4 bound to the first 50 amino acids of A20 (D4/A201-50) revealed the importance of three residues, forming a cation-π interaction at the dimerization interface, for complex formation. These are Arg167 and Pro173 of D4 and Trp43 of A20. Here, the crystal structures of the three mutants D4-R167A/A201-50, D4-P173G/A201-50 and D4/A201-50-W43A are presented. The D4/A20 interface of the three structures has been analysed for atomic solvation parameters and cation-π interactions. This study confirms previous biochemical data and also points out the importance for stability of the restrained conformational space of Pro173. Moreover, these new structures will be useful for the design and rational improvement of known molecules targeting the D4/A20 interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Contesto-Richefeu
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, BP 73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge CEDEX, France
| | - Nicolas Tarbouriech
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, BP 73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge CEDEX, France
| | - Wim P Burmeister
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Iseni
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, BP 73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge CEDEX, France
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11
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Burmeister WP, Tarbouriech N, Fender P, Contesto-Richefeu C, Peyrefitte CN, Iseni F. Crystal Structure of the Vaccinia Virus Uracil-DNA Glycosylase in Complex with DNA. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17923-17934. [PMID: 26045555 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.648352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus polymerase holoenzyme is composed of the DNA polymerase catalytic subunit E9 associated with its heterodimeric co-factor A20·D4 required for processive genome synthesis. Although A20 has no known enzymatic activity, D4 is an active uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG). The presence of a repair enzyme as a component of the viral replication machinery suggests that, for poxviruses, DNA synthesis and base excision repair is coupled. We present the 2.7 Å crystal structure of the complex formed by D4 and the first 50 amino acids of A20 (D4·A201-50) bound to a 10-mer DNA duplex containing an abasic site resulting from the cleavage of a uracil base. Comparison of the viral complex with its human counterpart revealed major divergences in the contacts between protein and DNA and in the enzyme orientation on the DNA. However, the conformation of the dsDNA within both structures is very similar, suggesting a dominant role of the DNA conformation for UNG function. In contrast to human UNG, D4 appears rigid, and we do not observe a conformational change upon DNA binding. We also studied the interaction of D4·A201-50 with different DNA oligomers by surface plasmon resonance. D4 binds weakly to nonspecific DNA and to uracil-containing substrates but binds abasic sites with a Kd of <1.4 μm. This second DNA complex structure of a family I UNG gives new insight into the role of D4 as a co-factor of vaccinia virus DNA polymerase and allows a better understanding of the structural determinants required for UNG action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim P Burmeister
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions (UVHCI), F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, UVHCI, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Nicolas Tarbouriech
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions (UVHCI), F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, UVHCI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Fender
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions (UVHCI), F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, UVHCI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Contesto-Richefeu
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, F-91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge cedex, France
| | - Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, F-91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge cedex, France; Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Iseni
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, F-91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge cedex, France.
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12
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Ferraris O, Moroso M, Pernet O, Emonet S, Ferrier Rembert A, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Peyrefitte CN. Evaluation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in vitro inhibition by chloroquine and chlorpromazine, two FDA approved molecules. Antiviral Res 2015; 118:75-81. [PMID: 25796972 PMCID: PMC7113845 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the anti-CCHFV potential of the chloroquine and chlorpromazine molecules. They inhibited CCHFV in Vero and Huh7 cells: selectivity index ranging from 3 to 35. We analyzed the anti-CCHV potential of the combinations. Combinations of ribavirin and chloroquine or chlorpromazine were synergistic.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic virus (CCHFV) causes hemorrhagic fever with high case mortality rates and is endemic in south-eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia. The limited catalog of specific treatment, highlight the necessity to look for additional therapeutic solutions. Previous experiments suggested that CCHFV enters the cells via a clathrin dependent pathway. Therefore, we have evaluated the potential anti-CCHFV activity of several molecules targeting this entry possibility. We identified two molecules chloroquine and chlorpromazine. Neutralization and virus yield reduction assays were tested in Vero E6 and Huh7 cells on two different CCHFV strains. Several combinations, including ribavirin, were assayed to test a potential synergistic effect. The two molecules inhibited CCHFV, and depending on the virus and the cell lines, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for chloroquine and chlorpromazine ranged from 28 to 43 and 10.8–15.7 μM, respectively. Time-of-addition studies demonstrated that these molecules had a direct effect on CCHFV infectivity and spread. The antiviral activity of the two molecules was still effective even when added up to 6 h post-infection and up to 24 h. The selectivity index ranging from 3 to 35 lead us to evaluate combinations with ribavirin. Combinations of ribavirin and chloroquine or chlorpromazine were synergistic against CCHFV. Though the low chlorpromazine selectivity index suggests the need for a chemical improvement, our present study highlights chloroquine as the main drug having the potential for drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ferraris
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Virologie, Lyon, France
| | - M Moroso
- Fondation Mérieux, Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents, Lyon, France
| | - O Pernet
- Unité de Virologie Humaine - INSERM U758, Lyon, France
| | - S Emonet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Virologie, Lyon, France
| | - A Ferrier Rembert
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Virologie, Lyon, France
| | | | - C N Peyrefitte
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Virologie, Lyon, France; Fondation Mérieux, Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents, Lyon, France
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13
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Ducournau C, Ferrier-Rembert A, Ferraris O, Joffre A, Favier AL, Flusin O, Van Cauteren D, Kecir K, Auburtin B, Védy S, Bessaud M, Peyrefitte CN. Concomitant human infections with 2 cowpox virus strains in related cases, France, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1996-9. [PMID: 24274113 PMCID: PMC3840880 DOI: 10.3201/eid1912.130256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated 4 related human cases of cowpox virus infection reported in France during 2011. Three patients were infected by the same strain, probably transmitted by imported pet rats, and the fourth patient was infected by another strain. The 2 strains were genetically related to viruses previously isolated from humans with cowpox infection in Europe.
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Peyrefitte CN, Grandadam M, Bessaud M, Andry PE, Fouque F, Caro V, Diancourt L, Schuffenecker I, Pagès F, Tolou H, Zeller H, Depaquit J. Diversity of Phlebotomus perniciosus in Provence, Southeastern France: Detection of Two Putative New Phlebovirus Sequences. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13:630-6. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées antenne de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Maël Bessaud
- UMR190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales," Aix-Marseille University–IRD French Institute of Research for Development–EHESP French School of Public Health, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Andry
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 “Transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR),” Reims, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Frédéric Pagès
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées antenne de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Hugues Tolou
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | | | - Jérôme Depaquit
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 “Transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR),” Reims, France
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Rodrigues R, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Vernet G, Peyrefitte CN. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus-infected hepatocytes induce ER-stress and apoptosis crosstalk. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29712. [PMID: 22238639 PMCID: PMC3253088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a widely distributed tick-borne member of the Nairovirus genus (Bunyaviridae) with a high mortality rate in humans. CCHFV induces a severe disease in infected patients that includes, among other symptoms, massive liver necrosis and failure. The interaction between liver cells and CCHFV is therefore important for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. Here, we described the in vitro CCHFV-infection and -replication in the hepatocyte cell line, Huh7, and the induced cellular and molecular response modulation. We found that CCHFV was able to infect and replicate to high titres and to induce a cytopathic effect (CPE). We also observed by flow cytometry and real time quantitative RT-PCR evidence of apoptosis, with the participation of the mitochondrial pathway. On the other hand, we showed that the replication of CCHFV in hepatocytes was able to interfere with the death receptor pathway of apoptosis. Furthermore, we found in CCHFV-infected cells the over-expression of PUMA, Noxa and CHOP suggesting the crosstalk between the ER-stress and mitochondrial apoptosis. By ELISA, we observed an increase of IL-8 in response to viral replication; however apoptosis was shown to be independent from IL-8 secretion. When we compared the induced cellular response between CCHFV and DUGV, a mild or non-pathogenic Nairovirus for humans, we found that the most striking difference was the absence of CPE and apoptosis. Despite the XBP1 splicing and PERK gene expression induced by DUGV, no ER-stress and apoptosis crosstalk was observed. Overall, these results suggest that CCHFV is able to induce ER-stress, activate inflammatory mediators and modulate both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways of apoptosis in hepatocyte cells, which may, in part, explain the role of the liver in the pathogenesis of CCHFV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guy Vernet
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe N. Peyrefitte
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, La Tronche, France
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Rodrigues R, Telles JN, Essere K, Ducournau C, Roqueplo C, Levieuge A, Davoust B, Parola P, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Peyrefitte CN. Development of a one step real time RT-PCR assay to detect and quantify Dugbe virus. J Virol Methods 2011; 176:74-7. [PMID: 21703306 PMCID: PMC7112838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A one-step real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was developed to detect all published Dugbe virus (DUGV) genomes of the Nairovirus genus. Primers and probes were designed to detect specific sequences on the most conserved regions of the S segment. The limit of detection of the assay was 10 copies per reaction which is an improvement of 3 log10 FFU/mL over the sensitivity of conventional RT-PCR. The specificity of the primers and probe was confirmed with the closely related Nairoviruses CCHFV and Hazara virus, and on the non-related viruses Coronavirus and Influenza A virus. This qRT-PCR assay was used to screen nucleic acids extracted from 498 ticks collected in the Republic of Chad. One sample was found positive suggesting that DUGV is present in this part of the world. The molecular assay developed in this study is sensitive, specific and rapid and can be used for research and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodrigues
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
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17
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Flusin O, Vigne S, Peyrefitte CN, Bouloy M, Crance JM, Iseni F. Inhibition of Hazara nairovirus replication by small interfering RNAs and their combination with ribavirin. Virol J 2011; 8:249. [PMID: 21600011 PMCID: PMC3120786 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Nairovirus in the family Bunyaviridae contains 34 tick-borne viruses classified into seven serogroups. Hazara virus (HAZV) belongs to the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) serogroup that also includes CCHF virus (CCHFV) a major pathogen for humans. HAZV is an interesting model to study CCHFV due to a close serological and phylogenetical relationship and a classification which allows handling in a BSL2 laboratory. Nairoviruses are characterized by a tripartite negative-sense single stranded RNA genome (named L, M and S segments) that encode the RNA polymerase, the Gn-Gc glycoproteins and the nucleoprotein (NP), respectively. Currently, there are neither vaccines nor effective therapies for the treatment of any bunyavirus infection in humans. In this study we report, for the first time, the use of RNA interference (RNAi) as an approach to inhibit nairovirus replication. Results Chemically synthesized siRNAs were designed to target the mRNA produced by the three genomic segments. We first demonstrated that the siRNAs targeting the NP mRNA displayed a stronger antiviral effect than those complementary to the L and M transcripts in A549 cells. We further characterized the two most efficient siRNAs showing, that the induced inhibition is specific and associated with a decrease in NP synthesis during HAZV infection. Furthermore, both siRNAs depicted an antiviral activity when used before and after HAZV infection. We next showed that HAZV was sensitive to ribavirin which is also known to inhibit CCHFV. Finally, we demonstrated the additive or synergistic antiviral effect of siRNAs used in combination with ribavirin. Conclusions Our study highlights the interest of using RNAi (alone or in combination with ribavirin) to treat nairovirus infection. This approach has to be considered for the development of future antiviral compounds targeting CCHFV, the most pathogenic nairovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Flusin
- Unité de virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 24 avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan, La Tronche, France.
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18
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Flusin O, Iseni F, Rodrigues R, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Crance JM, Marianneau P, Bouloy M, Peyrefitte CN. [Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: basics for general practitioners]. Med Trop (Mars) 2010; 70:429-438. [PMID: 21520641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease described in more than 30 countries in Europe, Asia and Africa. The causative agent is the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) that is a member of the genus Nairovirus of the family Bunyaviridae. CCHFV that is characterized by a high genetic variability is transmitted to humans by tick bites or contact with fluids from an infected individual or animal. The initial symptoms of CCHF are nonspecific and gradually progress to a hemorrhagic phase that can be lethal (case-fatality rate: 10 to 50%). Characteristic laboratory findings of CCHF are thrombocytopenia, elevated liver and muscle enzymes, and coagulation defects. The pathogenesis of CCHF remains unclear but might involve excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine production and dysfunction of the innate immune response. Diagnosis of CCHF is based mainly on isolation of the virus, identification of the viral genome by molecular techniques (RT-PCR), and serological detection of anti-CCHFV antibodies. There is currently no specific treatment for CCHFV infection and the efficacy of ribavirin is controversial. In absence of an effective vaccine, prevention is based mainly on vector control, protection measures, and information to increase the awareness of the population and of healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Flusin
- Unité de virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées-CRSSA antenne de Grenoble, La Tronche.
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Peyrefitte CN, Perret M, Garcia S, Rodrigues R, Bagnaud A, Lacote S, Crance JM, Vernet G, Garin D, Bouloy M, Paranhos-Baccalà G. Differential activation profiles of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus- and Dugbe virus-infected antigen-presenting cells. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:189-98. [PMID: 19812268 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.015701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a highly pathogenic, tick-borne member of the family Bunyaviridae and the genus Nairovirus. To better elucidate the pathogenesis of CCHFV, we analysed the host innate immune response induced in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) infected in vitro by CCHFV. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MPs) were both shown to be permissive for CCHFV and to replicate the virus, as monitored by genomic and antigenomic strand quantification. Virus replication was, however, controlled, corroborating an efficient alpha interferon-induced response. The upregulation of CD-83 and CD-86 indicated that CCHFV induced a partial maturation of DCs, which were also shown to activate the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, but no tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). On the other hand, in MPs, CCHFV infection elicited a high IL-6 and TNF-alpha response and a moderate chemokine response. Nevertheless, when we compared these APC responses with those seen after infection with Dugbe virus (DUGV), a mildly pathogenic virus genetically close to CCHFV, we found that, in spite of some similarities, DUGV induced a higher cytokine/chemokine response in MPs. These results suggest that CCHFV is able to inhibit the activation of inflammatory mediators selectively in infection in vitro and that these differences could be relevant in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, IFR128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, Lyon, France
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Pastorino B, Boucomont-Chapeaublanc E, Peyrefitte CN, Belghazi M, Fusaï T, Rogier C, Tolou HJ, Almeras L. Identification of cellular proteome modifications in response to West Nile virus infection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1623-37. [PMID: 19395707 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800565-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are positive-stranded RNA viruses that are a public health problem because of their widespread distribution and their ability to cause a variety of diseases in humans. West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne member of this genus and is the etiologic agent of West Nile encephalitis. Clinical manifestations of West Nile virus infection are diverse, and their pathogenic mechanisms depend on complex virus-cell interactions. In the present work, we used proteomics technology to analyze early Vero cell response to West Nile infection. The differential proteomes were resolved 24 h postinfection using two-dimensional DIGE followed by mass spectrometry identification. Quantitative analysis (at least 2-fold quantitative alteration, p < 0.05) revealed 127 differentially expressed proteins with 68 up-regulated proteins and 59 down-regulated proteins of which 93 were successfully identified. The implication for mammalian cellular responses to this neurotropic flavivirus infection was analyzed and made possible more comprehensive characterization of the virus-host interactions involved in pathogenesis. The present study thus provides large scale protein-related information that should be useful for understanding how the host metabolism is modified by West Nile infection and for identifying new potential targets for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Pastorino
- Unité virologie tropicale, Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Antenne Marseille de l'Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
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21
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Pagès F, Peyrefitte CN, Mve MT, Jarjaval F, Brisse S, Iteman I, Gravier P, Tolou H, Nkoghe D, Grandadam M. Aedes albopictus mosquito: the main vector of the 2007 Chikungunya outbreak in Gabon. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4691. [PMID: 19259263 PMCID: PMC2649504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary vector at the origin of the 2007 outbreak in Libreville, Gabon is identified as Aedes albopictus, trapped around the nearby French military camp. The Chikungunya virus was isolated from mosquitoes and found to be identical to the A226V circulating human strain. This is the first field study showing the role of the recently arrived species Aedes albopictus in Chikungunya virus transmission in Central Africa, and it demonstrates this species' role in modifying the epidemiological presentation of Chikungunya in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Pagès
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Unité d'entomologie médicale, URMITE UMR 6236, Marseille, France.
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22
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Peyrefitte CN, Boubis L, Coudrier D, Bouloy M, Grandadam M, Tolou HJ, Plumet S. Real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of rift valley Fever virus. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:3653-9. [PMID: 18799705 PMCID: PMC2576582 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01188-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and validation of a one-step, single-tube, real-time accelerated reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) for the detection of the L RNA segment of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) are described. The assay was performed at a constant temperature (63 degrees C), with a real-time follow-up using a LightCycler and a double-stranded-DNA-intercalating fluorochrome. The assay is highly sensitive and comparable to real-time RT-PCR, with a detection limit of approximately 10 RNA copies per assay. However, the RT-LAMP assay is much faster than traditional RT-PCR and generates results in <30 min for most diluted samples. The specificity of the primers was established using other, related arboviruses as well as virus-containing and virus-free sera. The RT-LAMP assay reported here is thus a valuable tool for the rapid detection of RVFV in field diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de virologie tropicale, Institut de Médecine tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, BP 46, 13 998 Marseille armées, France
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23
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Peyrefitte CN, Bessaud M, Pastorino BAM, Gravier P, Plumet S, Merle OL, Moltini I, Coppin E, Tock F, Daries W, Ollivier L, Pages F, Martin R, Boniface F, Tolou HJ, Grandadam M. Circulation of Chikungunya virus in Gabon, 2006-2007. J Med Virol 2008; 80:430-3. [PMID: 18205212 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the first isolation and partial genetic characterization of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) from patients during a 2006-2007 dengue-like syndrome outbreak in Gabon. The isolated viruses were phylogenetically close to strains isolated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 7 years ago and to strains isolated more recently in Cameroon. These results indicate a continuing circulation of a genetically stable CHIKV population during 7 years in Central Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de Virologie Tropicale, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
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24
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Peyrefitte CN, Hammamieh R, Bi S, Jett M. Integration of physiopathogenomics to identify progression of illness & stage‐appropriate therapeutic targets in a model of staphylococcal enterotoxininduced lethal shock. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Molecular PathologyWalter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMD
| | - Shuguang Bi
- Molecular PathologyUCLA and WRAIRSilver SpringMD
| | - Marti Jett
- Molecular PathologyWalter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMD
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25
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Peyrefitte CN, Rousset D, Pastorino BA, Pouillot R, Bessaud M, Tock F, Mansaray H, Merle OL, Pascual AM, Paupy C, Vessiere A, Imbert P, Tchendjou P, Durand JP, Tolou HJ, Grandadam M. Chikungunya virus, Cameroon, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 13:768-71. [PMID: 17553262 PMCID: PMC2738435 DOI: 10.3201/eid1305.061500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the isolation of chikungunya virus from a patient during an outbreak of a denguelike syndrome in Cameroon in 2006. The virus was phylogenetically grouped in the Democratic Republic of the Congo cluster, indicating a continuous circulation of a genetically similar chikungunya virus population during 6 years in Central Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boris A.M. Pastorino
- Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
| | | | - Maël Bessaud
- Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Tock
- Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
| | | | - Olivier L. Merle
- Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Aurelie M. Pascual
- Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Patrice Imbert
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean-Paul Durand
- Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Hugues J. Tolou
- Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
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Pastorino BAM, Peyrefitte CN, Almeras L, Grandadam M, Rolland D, Tolou HJ, Bessaud M. Expression and biochemical characterization of nsP2 cysteine protease of Chikungunya virus. Virus Res 2007; 131:293-8. [PMID: 17961784 PMCID: PMC7114110 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes epidemic fever, rash and polyarthralgia in Africa and Asia. Although it is known since the 1950s, new epidemiological and clinical features reported during the recent outbreak in the Indian Ocean can be regarded as the emergence of a new disease. Numerous severe forms of the infection have been described that put emphasis on the lack of efficient antiviral therapy. Among the virus-encoded enzymes, nsP2 constitutes an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs. It is a multifunctional protein of approximately 90 kDa with a helicase motif in the N-terminal portion of the protein while the papain-like protease activity resides in the C-terminal portion. The nsP2 proteinase is an essential enzyme whose proteolytic activity is critical for virus replication. In this work, a recombinant CHIKV nsP2pro and a C-terminally truncated variant were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by metal-chelate chromatography. The enzymatic properties of the proteinase were then determined using specific synthetic fluorogenic substrates. This study constitutes the first characterization of a recombinant CHIKV nsP2 cysteine protease, which may be useful for future drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A M Pastorino
- Unité de virologie tropicale, Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées (IMTSSA), BP 46, 13 998 Marseille Armées, France.
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27
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Bessaud M, Peyrefitte CN, Pastorino BA, Tock F, Merle O, Colpart JJ, Dehecq JS, Girod R, Jaffar-Bandjee MC, Glass PJ, Parker M, Tolou HJ, Grandadam M. Chikungunya virus strains, Reunion Island outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 12:1604-6. [PMID: 17176585 PMCID: PMC3290959 DOI: 10.3201/eid1210.060596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe N. Peyrefitte
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Boris A.M. Pastorino
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Tock
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Merle
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean-Sébastien Dehecq
- Direction régionale des affaires sanitaires et sociales, Saint-Denis, Île de la Réunion, France
| | - Romain Girod
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
| | | | - Pamela J. Glass
- United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Parker
- United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Hugues J. Tolou
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
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28
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Pastorino BAM, Peyrefitte CN, Grandadam M, Lebrun R, Moinier D, Rolland D, Tolou HJ, Bessaud M. Unexpected Altered Specificity Is Responsible for St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Recombinant Protease Autoproteolysis. Protein Pept Lett 2007; 14:79-82. [PMID: 17266653 DOI: 10.2174/092986607779117146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the study of the cleavage fragments generated by autoproteolysis of the St. Louis encephalitis virus recombinant protease. The cleavage sites leading to truncated forms were identified by microsequencing, which revealed an unexpected altered specificity of the recombinant proteinase towards unusual sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A M Pastorino
- Unité de virologie tropicale, Institut de médecine tropicale du service de santé des armées, BP 46, 13 998 Marseille armées, France.
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29
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Peyrefitte CN, Pastorino BAM, Grandadam M, Rolland D, Tolou HJ, Bessaud M. Enzymatic characterization of a trypsin-like serine protease encoded by the genome of Cell fusing agent virus. Virus Genes 2006; 34:185-91. [PMID: 17143721 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-006-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) is a positive strand RNA insect virus first isolated from a mosquito cell line. Based on viral morphology, phenotypic and phylogenetic studies, CFAV had been tentatively assigned to the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae). The determination of the CFAV polyprotein complete sequence showed a putative serine protease domain analogue to the flaviviral NS2B/NS3 complex. This complex had been extensively studied, because it represented one of the main targets for antiflavivirus therapy development. We report herein the biochemical characterization of CFAV DeltaNS2B-NS3pro protease complex. CFAV polyprotein sequence was computationally analysed to identify the amino-acid regions involved in protease activity. We designed, expressed and purified a catalytically active protease whose enzymatic properties were determined using fluorogenic substrates. Our results showed that, despite the low level of conservation of its amino-acid sequence, CFAV protease exhibited physico-chemical properties of other flaviviruses (high pH value requirement for optimal activity, inhibition by salt and preference for substrates featuring a basic residue at P(1) position).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de virologie tropicale, Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, BP 46, 13 998, Marseille armées, France.
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30
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Pastorino BAM, Peyrefitte CN, Grandadam M, Thill MCE, Tolou HJ, Bessaud M. Mutagenesis analysis of the NS2B determinants of the Alkhurma virus NS2B-NS3 protease activation. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:3279-3283. [PMID: 17030861 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkhurma virus (ALKV) is a tick-borne class 4 flavivirus responsible for several human cases of haemorrhagic fever in Saudi Arabia, with no specific treatment currently available. The viral RNA encodes a serine protease (NS2B-NS3), essential for virus replication in infected cells, that constitutes an attractive target for antiviral compounds. In an attempt to identify residues and motifs on NS2B that are necessary for protease activity of the ALKV NS2B-NS3 complex, a series of modified NS2B-NS3 proteins was constructed, with point mutations on particular residues or with the NS2B domain derived from two different viruses. Four mutants and the two chimeric proteins exhibited reduction of protease activity against BAPNA (a p-nitroanilide substrate). The results demonstrate that tight complementarity of the protein sequences is necessary for NS2B-dependent activation of NS3. The results also determine residues in the ALKV NS2B cofactor essential for protease activation, giving new insights into protease function in flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A M Pastorino
- Unité de Virologie Tropicale, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées (IMTSSA), BP 46, 13998 Marseille Armées, France
| | - Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de Virologie Tropicale, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées (IMTSSA), BP 46, 13998 Marseille Armées, France
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Unité de Virologie Tropicale, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées (IMTSSA), BP 46, 13998 Marseille Armées, France
| | - Maxime C E Thill
- Unité de Virologie Tropicale, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées (IMTSSA), BP 46, 13998 Marseille Armées, France
| | - Hugues J Tolou
- Unité de Virologie Tropicale, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées (IMTSSA), BP 46, 13998 Marseille Armées, France
| | - Maël Bessaud
- Unité de Virologie Tropicale, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées (IMTSSA), BP 46, 13998 Marseille Armées, France
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Abstract
We report the first laboratory-confirmed human infection with O'nyong-nyong virus in Chad. This virus was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with evidence of a seroconversion to a virus related to Chikungunya virus. Genome sequence was partly determined, and phylogenetic studies were conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
| | | | - Boris A.M. Pastorino
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Gravier
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Tock
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
| | | | - Hugues J. Tolou
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Marseille, France
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32
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Bessaud M, Pastorino BAM, Peyrefitte CN, Rolland D, Grandadam M, Tolou HJ. Functional characterization of the NS2B/NS3 protease complex from seven viruses belonging to different groups inside the genus Flavivirus. Virus Res 2006; 120:79-90. [PMID: 16504332 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, comprises more than 70 viruses. Many of them cause severe, potentially fatal, human diseases. Human vaccines are available for only three viruses and no effective antiviral drug is available. In order to limit the consequences of infections with flaviviruses, a promising approach consists in developing specific compounds that target the virus-encoded NS2B/NS3 protease complex, which is crucial for the viral polyprotein processing. In order to develop such compounds active as antiviral drugs against several flaviviruses, identification of biochemical properties shared by proteases from different viruses is essential. In this work, the functional similarity between the proteases from seven flaviviruses belonging to different major groups was addressed by characterizing their enzymatic properties. For each virus, a catalytically active recombinant protease was designed and expressed as a hexahistidine-tagged protein. Chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates were used to identify optimal conditions for proteolysis. Our study identified important physico-chemical properties shared by all the seven proteases we studied (high pH value requirement for optimal activity, inhibition of substrate processing by salt). However, it also evidenced slight differences in biochemical properties of the flaviviral proteases, which could sustain heterogeneous sensitivity to future inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Unité de virologie tropicale, Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, BP46, 13 998 Marseille armées, France-EA 3292, IFR 48, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
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33
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Peyrefitte CN, Pastorino BAM, Bessaud M, Gravier P, Tock F, Couissinier-Paris P, Martial J, Huc-Anais P, Césaire R, Grandadam M, Tolou HJ. Dengue type 3 virus, Saint Martin, 2003-2004. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:757-61. [PMID: 15890134 PMCID: PMC3320377 DOI: 10.3201/eid1105.040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the spread of a dengue virus during an outbreak in Saint Martin island (French West Indies) during winter 2003-2004. Dengue type 3 viruses were isolated from 6 patients exhibiting clinical symptoms. This serotype had not been detected on the island during the preceding 3 years. Genome sequence determinations and analyses showed a common origin with dengue type 3 viruses isolated in Martinique 2 years earlier.
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34
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Peyrefitte CN, Devetakov I, Pastorino B, Villeneuve L, Bessaud M, Stolidi P, Depaquit J, Segura L, Gravier P, Tock F, Durand F, Vagneur JP, Tolou HJ, Grandadam M. Toscana virus and acute meningitis, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:778-80. [PMID: 15898178 PMCID: PMC3320356 DOI: 10.3201/eid1105.041122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boris Pastorino
- Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mael Bessaud
- Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Gravier
- Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Tock
- Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Hugues J. Tolou
- Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Marseille, France
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35
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Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) reemerged in Morocco in September 2003, causing an equine outbreak. A WNV strain isolated from a brain biopsy was completely sequenced. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, Moroccan WNV strains isolated during the 1996 and 2003 outbreaks were closely related to other strains responsible for equine outbreaks in the western Mediterranean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Schuffenecker
- Centre de Référence des Arbovirus, Institut Pasteur, 21 Ave Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon cedex 07, France.
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36
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Pastorino B, Bessaud M, Grandadam M, Murri S, Tolou HJ, Peyrefitte CN. Development of a TaqMan® RT-PCR assay without RNA extraction step for the detection and quantification of African Chikungunya viruses. J Virol Methods 2005; 124:65-71. [PMID: 15664052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a member of the alphavirus genus, is of considerable public health concern in Southeast Asian and African countries. However, despite serological evidence, the diagnosis of this arthropod-borne human disease is confirmed infrequently and needs to be improved. In fact, illness caused by CHIKV can be confused with diseases such as dengue or yellow fever, based on the similarity of the symptoms, and laboratory confirmation of suspected cases is required to launch control measures during an epidemic. Moreover, no quantitative molecular tool is described to study CHIKV replication or detection in clinical samples and cell culture supernatants. In this study, a specific and sensitive CHIKV one-step TaqMan RT-PCR assay was developed as a tool for the diagnosis of African CHIKV as well as a rapid indicator of active infection by quantifying viral load. This study also showed that a simple heat viral RNA release during the reverse transcription step constituted an alternative to the conventional RNA extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Pastorino
- Unité de virologie tropicale, Laboratoire associé au Centre national de référence pour les arbovirus, Institut de médecine tropicale du service de santé des armées, BP 46, Parc du Pharo, 13998 Marseille Armées, France.
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37
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Bessaud M, Grard G, Peyrefitte CN, Pastorino B, Rolland D, Charrel RN, de Lamballerie X, Tolou HJ. Identification and enzymatic characterization of NS2B–NS3 protease of Alkhurma virus, a class-4 flavivirus. Virus Res 2005; 107:57-62. [PMID: 15567034 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Revised: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkhurma virus (ALKV) is a recently discovered class-4 flavivirus that was responsible for several cases of severe haemorrhagic fever in humans in Saudi Arabia. It has been shown for other flaviviruses that processing of the viral polyprotein is partly due to the virus-encoded NS2B/NS3 trypsin-like serine protease. As the viral proteinase plays a critical role in the virus replication cycle, it represents one of the main targets for antiviral therapy against members of the Flavivirus genus. We report here on the identification of the ALKV NS2B and NS3 domains and the expression and purification of a catalytically active viral protease as a hexahistidine recombinant protein. Its enzymatic properties were characterized in vitro using a para-nitroanilide substrate. This constitutes the first characterization of the proteinase from a class-4 flavivirus. Our results indicate that the association of NS3 with a short segment of NS2B is necessary and sufficient for protease activity. The developed system could help to identify or design inhibitors potentially active as antiviral drugs against ALKV and other pathogenic flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Bessaud
- Unité de Virologie Tropicale, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, BP 46, 13 998 Marseille Armées, France.
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38
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Peyrefitte CN, Pastorino B, Grau GE, Lou J, Tolou H, Couissinier-Paris P. Dengue virus infection of human microvascular endothelial cells from different vascular beds promotes both common and specific functional changes. J Med Virol 2005; 78:229-42. [PMID: 16372301 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dengue shock syndrome (DSS), the major life threatening outcome of severe dengue disease, which occurs in some patients in the course of dengue infection, is the consequence of plasma leakage in the microvascular territories. Data from clinical and in vitro studies suggest that an inadequate immunological response is partly responsible for the pathophysiology of DSS, but few is known concerning the consequences of direct infection of endothelial cells by dengue virus per se. In this study, an attempt was made to study the response of two microvascular human cell lines originating, respectively, from liver and dermis to infection by a dengue type 2 virus, by analyzing the virus-induced modulation of functional markers. It is shown that the two microvascular cell lines exhibit both common and specific behaviors upon infection. In particular, LSEC and HMEC-1 replicate efficiently the low-passage virus and respond to infection by over-producing inflammatory mediators involved in the cross talk with circulating immune cells. However, direct infection modulates differently the cell surface expression of molecules critically involved in the interactions between endothelial and inflammatory cells. ICAM-1 and HLA-I are up regulated as a consequence of infection in LSEC whereas direct infection results in downregulation of ICAM-1 in HMEC-1. The present results show that infection of human microvascular cells by unadapted dengue virus results in both common and specific activation patterns depending likely on the tissue origin of the cells, thus suggesting that endothelia from different territories may contribute differently to the pathophysiological events in the course of dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de virologie tropicale, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
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39
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Pastorino B, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Bessaud M, Tock F, Tolou H, Durand JP, Peyrefitte CN. Epidemic resurgence of Chikungunya virus in democratic Republic of the Congo: identification of a new central African strain. J Med Virol 2004; 74:277-82. [PMID: 15332277 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The resurgence of Chikungunya virus is described during an urban epidemic in Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo, after 39 years without any isolation of the virus. Chikungunya virus was isolated in sera from nine patients with clinical symptoms. A 1,200 bp long partial sequence of the E1/3'UTR genomic region was determined for each isolate. All sequences clustered in the central African lineage. They constitute Chikungunya virus reference sequences for the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pastorino
- Unité de Virologie, Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence Pour les Arboviroses, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille Armées, France
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40
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Peyrefitte CN, Couissinier-Paris P, Mercier-Perennec V, Bessaud M, Martial J, Kenane N, Durand JPA, Tolou HJ. Genetic characterization of newly reintroduced dengue virus type 3 in Martinique (French West Indies). J Clin Microbiol 2004; 41:5195-8. [PMID: 14605161 PMCID: PMC262480 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.11.5195-5198.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue type 3 viruses were isolated from patients in Martinique between 1999 and 2002. This serotype had not been detected on the island in the last 20 years. Genomic sequence determination and analysis showed great stability of the virus during the period studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de virologie tropicale, Institut de médecine tropicale du service de santé des armées, 13998 Marseille Arméesuniversité de la Méditerranée EA 3292, IFR 48, France
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41
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Peyrefitte CN, Pastorino B, Bessaud M, Tolou HJ, Couissinier-Paris P. Evidence for in vitro falsely-primed cDNAs that prevent specific detection of virus negative strand RNAs in dengue-infected cells: improvement by tagged RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2003; 113:19-28. [PMID: 14500123 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(03)00218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The identification of cell types replicating dengue viruses is an important step towards the understanding of the pathophysiology of dengue severe forms. Since the detection of negative strand viral RNAs is the more reliable marker of active replication for single-strand positive sense RNA viruses, we reassessed the specificity of RT-PCR assays already developed to detect dengue negative strand RNAs. Studying mammalian Vero cells infected by a dengue-2 strain, it was shown that falsely-primed cDNAs are generated in vitro during the reverse transcription step and are amplified subsequently by PCR. Since this may compromise the specificity of existing RT-PCR systems, we developed a tagged RT-PCR assay and addressed the role of some critical factors in such a system. Optimization of the negative strand-specific tagged RT-PCR allowed to resolve the problems due to the PCR amplification of falsely-primed cDNAs. Using this assay it was possible to detect specifically negative strand RNAs as soon as 3h after Vero cells have been exposed to the dengue-2 strain and we showed that this system is highly specific. Thus, the present dengue negative strand-specific tagged RT-PCR assay may help to reassess viral replication in the context of dengue pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe N Peyrefitte
- Unité de Virologie Tropicale, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, BP 46, Parc du Pharo, 13998 Marseille Armées, France
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42
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Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Peyrefitte CN, Yogolelo R, Mathina Basisya E, Koyange D, Pukuta E, Mashako M, Tolou H, Durand JP. [Epidemic of Chikungunya virus in 1999 and 200 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Med Trop (Mars) 2003; 63:637-8. [PMID: 15077435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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