1
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Pożoga M, Armbruster L, Wirtz M. From Nucleus to Membrane: A Subcellular Map of the N-Acetylation Machinery in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214492. [PMID: 36430970 PMCID: PMC9692967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-terminal acetylation (NTA) is an ancient protein modification conserved throughout all domains of life. N-terminally acetylated proteins are present in the cytosol, the nucleus, the plastids, mitochondria and the plasma membrane of plants. The frequency of NTA differs greatly between these subcellular compartments. While up to 80% of cytosolic and 20-30% of plastidic proteins are subject to NTA, NTA of mitochondrial proteins is rare. NTA alters key characteristics of proteins such as their three-dimensional structure, binding properties and lifetime. Since the majority of proteins is acetylated by five ribosome-bound N-terminal acetyltransferases (Nats) in yeast and humans, NTA was long perceived as an exclusively co-translational process in eukaryotes. The recent characterization of post-translationally acting plant Nats, which localize to the plasma membrane and the plastids, has challenged this view. Moreover, findings in humans, yeast, green algae and higher plants uncover differences in the cytosolic Nat machinery of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic eukaryotes. These distinctive features of the plant Nat machinery might constitute adaptations to the sessile lifestyle of plants. This review sheds light on the unique role of plant N-acetyltransferases in development and stress responses as well as their evolution-driven adaptation to function in different cellular compartments.
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2
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Lanubile A, De Michele R, Loi M, Fakhari S, Marocco A, Paciolla C. Cell death induced by mycotoxin fumonisin B 1 is accompanied by oxidative stress and transcriptional modulation in Arabidopsis cell culture. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1733-1750. [PMID: 35751667 PMCID: PMC9304057 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 induces rapid programmed cell death in Arabidopsis cells, oxidative and nitrosative bursts, and differentially modulates cell death responsive genes. Glutathione is the main antioxidant involved in the stress response. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a fungal toxin produced by Fusarium spp. able to exert pleiotropic toxicity in plants. FB1 is known to be a strong inducer of the programmed cell death (PCD); however, the exact mechanism underling the plant-toxin interactions and the molecular events that lead to PCD are still unclear. Therefore, in this work, we provided a comprehensive investigation of the response of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana at the nuclear, transcriptional, and biochemical level after the treatment with FB1 at two different concentrations, namely 1 and 5 µM during a time-course of 96 h. FB1 induced oxidative and nitrosative bursts and a rapid cell death in Arabidopsis cell cultures, which resembled a HR-like PCD event. Different genes involved in the regulation of PCD, antioxidant metabolism, photosynthesis, pathogenesis, and sugar transport were upregulated, especially during the late treatment time and with higher FB1 concentration. Among the antioxidant enzymes and compounds studied, only glutathione appeared to be highly induced in both treatments, suggesting that it might be an important stress molecule induced during FB1 exposure. Collectively, these findings highlight the complexity of the signaling network of A. thaliana and provide information for the understanding of the physiological, molecular, and biochemical responses to counteract FB1-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lanubile
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Roberto De Michele
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, corso Calatafimi 414, 90129, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Martina Loi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, via Amendola 122/0, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Safieh Fakhari
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, corso Calatafimi 414, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriano Marocco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Costantino Paciolla
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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3
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Linster E, Forero Ruiz FL, Miklankova P, Ruppert T, Mueller J, Armbruster L, Gong X, Serino G, Mann M, Hell R, Wirtz M. Cotranslational N-degron masking by acetylation promotes proteome stability in plants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:810. [PMID: 35145090 PMCID: PMC8831508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-terminal protein acetylation (NTA) is a prevalent protein modification essential for viability in animals and plants. The dominant executor of NTA is the ribosome tethered Nα-acetyltransferase A (NatA) complex. However, the impact of NatA on protein fate is still enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of NatA activity leads to a 4-fold increase in global protein turnover via the ubiquitin-proteasome system in Arabidopsis. Surprisingly, a concomitant increase in translation, actioned via enhanced Target-of-Rapamycin activity, is also observed, implying that defective NTA triggers feedback mechanisms to maintain steady-state protein abundance. Quantitative analysis of the proteome, the translatome, and the ubiquitome reveals that NatA substrates account for the bulk of this enhanced turnover. A targeted analysis of NatA substrate stability uncovers that NTA absence triggers protein destabilization via a previously undescribed and widely conserved nonAc/N-degron in plants. Hence, the imprinting of the proteome with acetylation marks is essential for coordinating proteome stability. N-terminal protein acetylation is required for plant viability. Here the authors show that reducing N-terminal acetylation by NatA leads to an increase in global protein turnover that is facilitated by absent masking of a novel N-degron
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Linster
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francy L Forero Ruiz
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavlina Miklankova
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Laura Armbruster
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaodi Gong
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Serino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Zeng HY, Li CY, Yao N. Fumonisin B1: A Tool for Exploring the Multiple Functions of Sphingolipids in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:600458. [PMID: 33193556 PMCID: PMC7652989 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.600458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin toxins are produced by Fusarium fungal pathogens. Fumonisins are structural analogs of sphingosine and potent inhibitors of ceramide synthases (CerSs); they disrupt sphingolipid metabolism and cause disease in plants and animals. Over the past three decades, researchers have used fumonisin B1 (FB1), the most common fumonisin, as a probe to investigate sphingolipid metabolism in yeast and animals. Although the physiological effects of FB1 in plants have yet to be investigated in detail, forward and reverse genetic approaches have revealed many genes involved in these processes. In this review, we discuss the intricate network of signaling pathways affected by FB1, including changes in sphingolipid metabolism and the effects of these changes, with a focus on our current understanding of the multiple effects of FB1 on plant cell death and plant growth. We analyze the major findings that highlight the connections between sphingolipid metabolism and FB1-induced signaling, and we point out where additional research is needed to fill the gaps in our understanding of FB1-induced signaling pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yu Li
- Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Piya S, Liu J, Burch-Smith T, Baum TJ, Hewezi T. A role for Arabidopsis growth-regulating factors 1 and 3 in growth-stress antagonism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1402-1417. [PMID: 31701146 PMCID: PMC7031083 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) belong to a small family of transcription factors that are highly conserved in plants. GRFs regulate many developmental processes and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. Despite the importance of GRFs, a detailed mechanistic understanding of their regulatory functions is still lacking. In this study, we used ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify genome-wide binding sites of Arabidopsis GRF1 and GRF3, and correspondingly their direct downstream target genes. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that GRF1 and GRF3 regulate the expression of a significant number of the identified direct targets. The target genes unveiled broad regulatory functions of GRF1 and GRF3 in plant growth and development, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, and the cell cycle. Our analyses also revealed that clock core genes and genes with stress- and defense-related functions are most predominant among the GRF1- and GRF3-bound targets, providing insights into a possible role for these transcription factors in mediating growth-defense antagonism and integrating environmental stimuli into developmental programs. Additionally, GRF1 and GRF3 target molecular nodes of growth-defense antagonism and modulate the levels of defense- and development-related hormones in opposite directions. Taken together, our results point to GRF1 and GRF3 as potential key determinants of plant fitness under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Present address: College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tessa Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas J Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Correspondence:
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Li Q, Ai G, Shen D, Zou F, Wang J, Bai T, Chen Y, Li S, Zhang M, Jing M, Dou D. A Phytophthora capsici Effector Targets ACD11 Binding Partners that Regulate ROS-Mediated Defense Response in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:565-581. [PMID: 30703564 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in plant immune response, but the genes involved in the regulation of ROS are scantily reported. Phytophthora pathogens produce a large number of effectors to promote infection, but the modes of action adopted are largely unknown. Here, we report that RxLR207 could activate ROS-mediated cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana and was essential for virulence of P. capsici. We found that this effector targeted BPA1 (binding partner of ACD11) and four members of BPLs (BPA1-Like proteins) in Arabidopsis, and the bpa1 and bpl mutants had enhanced ROS accumulation and cell death under biotic or abiotic stresses. Furthermore, we showed that BPA1 and several BPLs functioned redundantly in plant immunity to P. capsici. We discovered that BPA1 and all six BPLs interacted with ACD11, and stabilization of ACD11 was impaired in the bpa1, bpl2, bpl3, and bpl4 mutants. RxLR207 could promote the degradation of BPA1, BPL1, BPL2, and BPL4 to disrupt ACD11 stabilization in a 26S proteasome-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings indicate the important roles of Arabidopsis BPA1 and its homologs in ROS homeostasis and defense response, highlighting the usefulness of a pathogen effector-directed approach as a promising strategy for the discovery of novel plant immune regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gan Ai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fen Zou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tian Bai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shutian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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7
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Dickman M, Williams B, Li Y, de Figueiredo P, Wolpert T. Reassessing apoptosis in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:773-779. [PMID: 28947814 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell death can be driven by a genetically programmed signalling pathway known as programmed cell death (PCD). In plants, PCD occurs during development as well as in response to environmental and biotic stimuli. Our understanding of PCD regulation in plants has advanced significantly over the past two decades; however, the molecular machinery responsible for driving the system remains elusive. Thus, whether conserved PCD regulatory mechanisms include plant apoptosis remains enigmatic. Animal apoptotic regulators, including Bcl-2 family members, have not been identified in plants but expression of such regulators can trigger or suppress plant PCD. Moreover, plants exhibit nearly all of the biochemical and morphological features of apoptosis. One difference between plant and animal PCD is the absence of phagocytosis in plants. Evidence is emerging that the vacuole may be key to removal of unwanted plant cells, and may carry out functions that are analogous to animal phagocytosis. Here, we provide context for the argument that apoptotic-like cell death occurs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dickman
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA.
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4001, QLD, Australia.
| | - Yurong Li
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Paul de Figueiredo
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, 77807, USA
| | - Thomas Wolpert
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
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8
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Kabbage M, Kessens R, Bartholomay LC, Williams B. The Life and Death of a Plant Cell. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:375-404. [PMID: 28125285 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Like all eukaryotic organisms, plants possess an innate program for controlled cellular demise termed programmed cell death (PCD). Despite the functional conservation of PCD across broad evolutionary distances, an understanding of the molecular machinery underpinning this fundamental program in plants remains largely elusive. As in mammalian PCD, the regulation of plant PCD is critical to development, homeostasis, and proper responses to stress. Evidence is emerging that autophagy is key to the regulation of PCD in plants and that it can dictate the outcomes of PCD execution under various scenarios. Here, we provide a broad and comparative overview of PCD processes in plants, with an emphasis on stress-induced PCD. We also discuss the implications of the paradox that is functional conservation of apoptotic hallmarks in plants in the absence of core mammalian apoptosis regulators, what that means, and whether an equivalent form of death occurs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
| | - Ryan Kessens
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
| | - Lyric C Bartholomay
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia;
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9
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Nawkar GM, Maibam P, Park JH, Woo SG, Kim CY, Lee SY, Kang CH. In silico study on Arabidopsis BAG gene expression in response to environmental stresses. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:409-421. [PMID: 27002965 PMCID: PMC5216074 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BAG (Bcl-2 athanogene) family proteins are conserved in a wide range of eukaryotes, and they have been proposed to play a crucial role in plant programmed cell death (PCD). During the past decade, with the help of advanced bioinformatics tools, seven homologs of BAG genes have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome; these genes are involved in pathogen attack and abiotic stress conditions. In this study, gene expression of Arabidopsis BAG family members under environmental stresses was analyzed using the Botany Array Resource (BAR) expression browser tool and the in silico data were partially confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis for the selected stress- and hormone-treated conditions related to environmental stresses. Particularly, the induction of AtBAG6 gene in response to heat shock was confirmed by using GUS reporter lines. The loss of the AtBAG6 gene resulted into impairment in basal thermotolerance of plant and showed enhanced cell death in response to heat stress. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of BAG genes, we analyzed ∼1-kbp promoter regions for the presence of stress-responsive elements. Our transcription profiling finally revealed that the Arabidopsis BAG genes differentially respond to environmental stresses under the control of specifically organized upstream regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh M Nawkar
- Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Punyakishore Maibam
- Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Gyeong Woo
- Eco-friendly Bio-Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Eco-friendly Bio-Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Abstract
Various cell death mechanisms are integral to host defense in both plants and mammals. Plant defense against biotrophic pathogens is associated with programmed cell death (PCD) of the infected cell. This effector-triggered PCD is partly analogous to pyroptosis, an inflammatory host cell death process that plays a crucial role in defense against microbial infections in mammals. Plant effector-triggered PCD also shares with mammalian apoptosis the involvement of cell-cycle regulators as signaling components. Here we explore the similarities between these different cell death programs as they relate to host defense and their relationship to the cell cycle.
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11
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Gao Y, Li MY, Zhao J, Zhang YC, Xie QJ, Chen DH. Genome-wide analysis of RING finger proteins in the smallest free-living photosynthetic eukaryote Ostreococus tauri. Mar Genomics 2015; 26:51-61. [PMID: 26751716 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RING finger proteins and ubiquitination marks are widely involved in diverse aspects of growth and development, biological processes, and stress or environmental responses. As the smallest free-living photosynthetic eukaryote known so far, the green alga Ostreococus tauri has become an excellent model for investigating the origin of different gene families in the green lineage. Here, 65 RING domains in 65 predicted proteins were identified from O. tauri and on the basis of one or more substitutions at the metal ligand positions and spacing between them they were divided into eight canonical or modified types (RING-CH, -H2, -v, -C2, -C3HCHC2, -C2HC5, -C3GC3S, and -C2SHC4), in which the latter four were newly identified and might represent the intermediate states between RING domain and other similar domains, respectively. RING finger proteins were classified into eight classes based on the presence of additional domains, including RING-Only, -Plus, -C3H1, -PHD, -WD40, -PEX, -TM, and -DEXDc classes. These RING family genes usually lack introns and are distributed over 17 chromosomes. In addition, 29 RING-finger proteins in O. tauri share different degrees of homology with those in the model flowering plant Arabidopsis, indicating they might be necessary for the basic survival of free-living eukaryotes. Therefore, our results provide new insight into the general classification and evolutionary conservation of RING domain-containing proteins in O. tauri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Education Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ming-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Education Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Education Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yan-Cui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Education Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiu-Jiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Education Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dong-Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Education Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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12
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Nguyen KT, Park J, Park E, Lee I, Choi G. The Arabidopsis RING Domain Protein BOI Inhibits Flowering via CO-dependent and CO-independent Mechanisms. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1725-36. [PMID: 26298008 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BOTRYTIS SUSCEPTIBLE1 INTERACTOR (BOI) and its three homologs (BOIs) are RING domain-containing proteins that repress flowering. Here, we investigated how BOIs repress flowering. Genetic analysis of the boiQ quadruple mutant indicates that BOIs repress flowering mainly through FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). BOIs repress the expression of FT by CONSTANS (CO)-dependent and -independent mechanisms: in the CO-dependent mechanism, BOIs bind to CO, inhibit the targeting of CO to the FT locus, and thus repress the expression of FT; in the CO-independent mechanism, BOIs target the FT locus via a mechanism that requires DELLAs but not CO. This dual repression of FT makes BOIs strong repressors of flowering in both CO-dependent and CO-independent pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our finding that BOIs inhibit CO targeting further suggests that, in addition to modulating CO mRNA expression and CO protein stability, flowering regulation can also modulate the targeting of CO to FT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jeongmoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Eunae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Ilha Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
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13
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Yang LT, Qi YP, Lu YB, Guo P, Sang W, Feng H, Zhang HX, Chen LS. iTRAQ protein profile analysis of Citrus sinensis roots in response to long-term boron-deficiency. J Proteomics 2013; 93:179-206. [PMID: 23628855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seedlings of Citrus sinensis were fertilized with boron (B)-deficient (0μM H3BO3) or -sufficient (10μM H3BO3) nutrient solution for 15weeks. Thereafter, iTRAQ analysis was employed to compare the abundances of proteins from B-deficient and -sufficient roots. In B-deficient roots, 164 up-regulated and 225 down-regulated proteins were identified. These proteins were grouped into the following functional categories: protein metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, stress responses, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, cell transport, cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism, biological regulation and signal transduction, and lipid metabolism. The adaptive responses of roots to B-deficiency might include following several aspects: (a) decreasing root respiration; (b) improving the total ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS); and (c) enhancing cell transport. The differentially expressed proteins identified by iTRAQ are much larger than those detected using 2D gel electrophoresis, and many novel B-deficiency-responsive proteins involved in cell transport, biological regulation and signal transduction, stress responses and other metabolic processes were identified in this work. Our results indicate remarkable metabolic flexibility of citrus roots, which may contribute to the survival of B-deficient plants. This represents the most comprehensive analysis of protein profiles in response to B-deficiency. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we identified many new proteins involved in cell transport, biological regulation and signal transduction, stress responses and other metabolic processes that were not previously known to be associated with root B-deficiency responses. Therefore, our manuscript represents the most comprehensive analysis of protein profiles in response to B-deficiency and provides new information about the plant response to B-deficiency. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Plant Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is of considerable interest to plant biologists because it occurs in plants subjected to adverse environmental conditions. ER stress responses mitigate the damage caused by stress and confer levels of stress tolerance to plants. ER stress is activated by misfolded proteins that accumulate in the ER under adverse environmental conditions. Under these conditions, the demand for protein folding exceeds the capacity of the system, which sets off the unfolded protein response (UPR). Two arms of the UPR signaling pathway have been described in plants: one that involves two ER membrane-associated transcription factors (bZIP17 and bZIP28) and another that involves a dual protein kinase (RNA-splicing factor IRE1) and its target RNA (bZIP60). Under mild or short-term stress conditions, signaling from IRE1 activates autophagy, a cell survival response. But under severe or chronic stress conditions, ER stress can lead to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Howell
- Plant Sciences Institute and Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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