1
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Khan SH, Dube N, Sudhakar N, Fraser O, Villalona P, Braet SM, Leedom S, Reilly ER, Sivak J, Crittenden K, Okafor CD. Ancient and modern mechanisms compete in progesterone receptor activation. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:518-529. [PMID: 38846073 PMCID: PMC11151858 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) belongs to the steroid receptor family of ligand-regulated transcription factors, controlling genes important for development, metabolism, and reproduction. Understanding how diverse ligands bind and modulate PR activity will illuminate the design of ligands that control PR-driven signaling pathways. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how PR dynamics are altered by functionally diverse ligands. Using a library of 33 steroidal ligands that range from inactive to EC50 < 0.1 nM, we reveal an unexpected evolutionary basis for the wide gamut of activation. While other oxosteroid receptors employ an evolutionarily conserved mechanism dependent on a hydrogen bond between the receptor and ligand, extant PR has evolved a preference for activation that is not reliant on this polar interaction. We demonstrate that potent ligands utilize the modern PR mechanism while weaker ligands coopt the defunct ancestral mechanism by forming hydrogen bonds with Asn719. Based on their structures and dynamic signatures, ligands partition into four classes (inactive, weak, moderate and high potency) that interact distinctly with the PR binding pocket. Further, we use luciferase reporter assays and PR mutants to probe the roles of pocket residues in mediating distinct PR mechanisms. This combination of MD simulations and in vitro studies provide insight into how the evolutionary history of PR shapes its response to diverse ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabab Hasan Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Namita Dube
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Nishanti Sudhakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Olivia Fraser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Priscilla Villalona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Sean M Braet
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Stephanie Leedom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Erin R Reilly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Jacob Sivak
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Kenidee Crittenden
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - C Denise Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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2
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Hazarika S, Fehrle M, Okafor CD. How nuclear receptors transition between active and inactive forms: An energetic perspective. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:115102. [PMID: 38501469 DOI: 10.1063/5.0189234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors regulate transcriptional programs in response to the binding of natural and synthetic ligands. These ligands modulate the receptor by inducing dynamic changes in the ligand binding domain that shift the C-terminal helix (H12) between active and inactive conformations. Despite decades of study, many questions persist regarding the nature of the inactive state and how ligands shift receptors between different states. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the timescale and energetic landscape of the conformational transition between inactive and active forms of progesterone receptor (PR) bound to a partial agonist. We observe that the microsecond timescale is insufficient to observe any transitions; only at millisecond timescales achieved via accelerated MD simulations do we find the inactive PR switches to the active state. Energetic analysis reveals that both active and inactive PR states represent energy minima separated by a barrier that can be traversed. In contrast, little or no transition is observed between active and inactive states when an agonist or antagonist is bound, confirming that ligand identity plays a key role in defining the energy landscape of nuclear receptor conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurov Hazarika
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Matthew Fehrle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Denise Okafor
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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3
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Tian S, Wang L, Tang R, Yu Y, Ge J, Hou T, Hao H, Sun H. Determination of Molecule Category of Ligands Targeting the Ligand-Binding Pocket of Nuclear Receptors with Structural Elucidation and Machine Learning. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3993-4007. [PMID: 36040137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of transcriptional activation/repression of the nuclear receptors (NRs) involves two main conformations of the NR protein, namely, the active (agonistic) and inactive (antagonistic) conformations. Binding of agonists or antagonists to the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) of NRs can regulate the downstream signaling pathways with different physiological effects. However, it is still hard to determine the molecular type of a LBP-bound ligand because both the agonists and antagonists bind to the same position of the protein. Therefore, it is necessary to develop precise and efficient methods to facilitate the discrimination of agonists and antagonists targeting the LBP of NRs. Here, combining structural and energetic analyses with machine-learning (ML) algorithms, we constructed a series of structure-based ML models to determine the molecular category of the LBP-bound ligands. We show that the proposed models work robustly and with high accuracy (ACC > 0.9) for determining the category of molecules derived from docking-based and crystallized poses. Furthermore, the models are also capable of determining the molecular category of ligands with dual opposite functions on different NRs (i.e., working as an agonist in one NR target, whereas functioning as an antagonist in another) with reasonable accuracy. The proposed method is expected to facilitate the determination of the molecular properties of ligands targeting the LBP of NRs with structural interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Rongfan Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jingxuan Ge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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4
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Identification of ELK1 interacting peptide segments in the androgen receptor. Biochem J 2022; 479:1519-1531. [PMID: 35781489 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) growth requires tethering of the androgen receptor (AR) to chromatin by the ETS domain transcription factor ELK1 to coactivate critical cell proliferation genes. Disruption of the ELK1-AR complex is a validated potential means of therapeutic intervention in PCa. AR associates with ELK1 by co-opting its two ERK docking sites, through the amino-terminal domain (A/B domain) of AR. Using a mammalian two-hybrid assay, we have now functionally mapped amino acids within the peptide segments 358-457 and 514-557 in the A/B domain as required for association with ELK1. The mapping data was validated by GST (glutathione S-transferase)-pulldown and BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer) assays. Comparison of the relative contributions of the interacting motifs/segments in ELK1 and AR to coactivation of ELK1 by AR suggested a parallel mode of binding of AR and ELK1 polypeptides. Growth of PCa cells was partially inhibited by deletion of the upstream segment in AR and nearly fully inhibited by deletion of the downstream segment. Our studies have identified two peptide segments in AR that mediate functional association of AR with its two docking sites in ELK1. Identification of the ELK1 recognition sites in AR should enable further structural studies of the ELK1-AR interaction and rational design of small molecule drugs to disrupt this interaction.
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5
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Structural overview and perspectives of the nuclear receptors, a major family as the direct targets for small-molecule drugs. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 54:12-24. [PMID: 35130630 PMCID: PMC9909358 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors (NRs) are an evolutionarily related family of transcription factors, which share certain common structural characteristics and regulate the expressions of various genes by recognizing different response elements. NRs play important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis, rendering them indispensable in many physiological activities including growth and metabolism. As a result, dysfunctions of NRs are closely related to a variety of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, infertility, inflammation, the Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, prostate and breast cancers. Meanwhile, small-molecule drugs directly targeting NRs have been widely used in the treatment of above diseases. Here we summarize recent progress in the structural biology studies of NR family proteins. Compared with the dozens of structures of isolated DNA-binding domains (DBDs) and the striking more than a thousand of structures of isolated ligand-binding domains (LBDs) accumulated in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) over thirty years, by now there are only a small number of multi-domain NR complex structures, which reveal the integration of different NR domains capable of the allosteric signal transduction, or the detailed interactions between NR and various coregulator proteins. On the other hand, the structural information about several orphan NRs is still totally unavailable, hindering the further understanding of their functions. The fast development of new technologies in structural biology will certainly help us gain more comprehensive information of NR structures, inspiring the discovery of novel NR-targeting drugs with a new binding site beyond the classic LBD pockets and/or a new mechanism of action.
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6
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Patel A, Bhatt M, Soni A, Sharma P. Identification of steroidal saponins from Tribulus terrestris and their in silico docking studies. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1665-1685. [PMID: 34337761 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris is known to possess many pharmacological properties, most notably its anticancer activities, owing to its rich steroidal saponin contents. Even though many reports are available elucidating the anticancer potential of the herb, we, for the very first time have attempted to isolate and identified the active compound present in seed crude saponin extract and confers its in silico docking ability with various cellular targets proteins. High performance thin layer chromatography confirms the presence of active saponins in leaf and seed saponin extracts which were further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography. Fractions collected were assessed for cytotoxicity on human breast cancer cells. High resolution liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy was employ to identify the active components present in fraction with highest cytotoxicity. Intriguingly, Nautigenin type of steriodal saponin was identified to present in the active fraction of seed extract (SF11) and the identified compound was further analyzed for its in silico docking interaction using PyRx AutodockVina. Docking studies revealed the high binding affinity of Nuatigenin at significant sites with apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, p53 and apoptosis inducing factor along with cell surface receptors estrogen receptor, projesterone receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. Thus, the conclusions were drawn that saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestis possesses active compounds having anticancer property and specifically, Nuatigenin saponin can be considered as an important therapeutic drug for the breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Mital Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Anjali Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
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7
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Rayevsky A, Sirokha D, Samofalova D, Lozhko D, Gorodna O, Prokopenko I, Livshits L. Functional Effects In Silico Prediction for Androgen Receptor Ligand-Binding Domain Novel I836S Mutation. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:659. [PMID: 34357031 PMCID: PMC8303243 DOI: 10.3390/life11070659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 1000 mutations are described in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Of those, about 600 were found in androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) patients, among which 400 mutations affect the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the AR protein. Recently, we reported a novel missense mutation c.2507T>G I836S (ClinVarID: 974911) in a patient with complete AIS (CAIS) phenotype. In the present study, we applied a set of computational approaches for the structural analysis of the ligand-binding domains in a wild-type and mutant AR to evaluate the functional impact of the novel I836S mutation. We revealed that the novel I836S substitution leads to a shorter existence time of the ligand's gating tunnel and internal cavity, occurring only in the presence of S836 phosphorylation. Additionally, the analysis of phosphorylation of the 836 mutant residues explained the negative impact on AR homodimerization, since monomer surface changes indirectly impacted the binding site. Our analyses provide evidence that I836S causes disruptions of AR protein functionality and development of CAIS clinical features in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Rayevsky
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.R.); (D.S.)
- Department of Molecular Modeling, Enamine Ltd., 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; (D.S.); (D.L.); (O.G.)
| | - Dmytro Sirokha
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; (D.S.); (D.L.); (O.G.)
| | - Dariia Samofalova
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.R.); (D.S.)
- R&D Department, Life Chemicals Inc., 1a DIXIE AVE, Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON L0S 1J0, Canada
| | - Dmytro Lozhko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; (D.S.); (D.L.); (O.G.)
| | - Olexandra Gorodna
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; (D.S.); (D.L.); (O.G.)
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Liudmyla Livshits
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; (D.S.); (D.L.); (O.G.)
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8
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La Sala G, Gunnarsson A, Edman K, Tyrchan C, Hogner A, Frolov AI. Unraveling the Allosteric Cross-Talk between the Coactivator Peptide and the Ligand-Binding Site in the Glucocorticoid Receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3667-3680. [PMID: 34156843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a nuclear receptor that controls critical biological processes by regulating the transcription of specific genes. There is a known allosteric cross-talk between the ligand and coregulator binding sites within the GR ligand-binding domain that is crucial for the control of the functional response. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such an allosteric control remain elusive. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, bioinformatic analysis, and biophysical measurements are integrated to capture the structural and dynamic features of the allosteric cross-talk within the GR. We identified a network of evolutionarily conserved residues that enables the allosteric signal transduction, in agreement with experimental data. MD simulations clarify how such a network is dynamically interconnected and offer a mechanistic explanation of how different peptides affect the intensity of the allosteric signal. This study provides useful insights to elucidate the GR allosteric regulation, ultimately providing a foundation for designing novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina La Sala
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Edman
- Discovery Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian Tyrchan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Hogner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrey I Frolov
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Semeikin AV, Fedotcheva TA, Sveshnikova ED, Shilov BV, Smirnov AS, Shimanovskii NL. Cytostatic Activity and Ligand-Receptor Interaction Energy of the Novel Russian-Produced Gestagen Gestobutanoil and its Metabolites. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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EC313-a tissue selective SPRM reduces the growth and proliferation of uterine fibroids in a human uterine fibroid tissue xenograft model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17279. [PMID: 31754172 PMCID: PMC6872653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are associated with irregular or excessive uterine bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, or infertility. Ovarian steroid hormones support the growth and maintenance of UFs. Ulipristal acetate (UPA) a selective progesterone receptor (PR) modulator (SPRM) reduce the size of UFs, inhibit ovulation and lead to amenorrhea. Recent liver toxicity concerns with UPA, diminished enthusiasm for its use and reinstate the critical need for a safe, efficacious SPRM to treat UFs. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of new SPRM, EC313, for the treatment for UFs using a NOD-SCID mouse model. EC313 treatment resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the fibroid xenograft weight (p < 0.01). Estradiol (E2) induced proliferation was blocked significantly in EC313-treated xenograft fibroids (p < 0.0001). Uterine weight was reduced by EC313 treatment compared to UPA treatment. ER and PR were reduced in EC313-treated groups compared to controls (p < 0.001) and UPA treatments (p < 0.01). UF specific desmin and collagen were markedly reduced with EC313 treatment. The partial PR agonism and no signs of unopposed estrogenicity makes EC313 a candidate for the long-term treatment for UFs. Docking studies have provided a structure based explanation for the SPRM activity of EC313.
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11
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Shizu R, Yokobori K, Perera L, Pedersen L, Negishi M. Ligand induced dissociation of the AR homodimer precedes AR monomer translocation to the nucleus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16734. [PMID: 31723170 PMCID: PMC6853983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) regulates male sexual development. We have now investigated AR homodimerization, hormone-dependent monomerization and nuclear translocation in PC-3 and COS-1 cells, by utilizing mutations associated with the androgen insensitivity syndrome: Pro767Ala, Phe765Leu, Met743Val and Trp742Arg. AR wild type (WT) was expressed as a homodimer in the cytoplasm, while none of these mutants formed homodimers. Unlike AR WT which responded to 1 nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to dissociate and translocate into the nucleus, AR Pro767Ala and Phe765Leu mutants remain as the monomer in the cytoplasm. In the crystal structure of the AR LBD homodimer, Pro767 and Phe765 reside closely on a loop that constitutes the dimer interface; their sidechains interact with the Pro767 of the other monomer and with the DHT molecule in the ligand-binding pocket. These observations place Phe765 at a position to facilitate DHT binding to Pro767 and lead to dissociation of the AR homodimer in the cytoplasm. This Pro-Phe Met relay may constitute a structural switch that mediates androgen signaling and is conserved in other steroid hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Shizu
- Pharmacogenetic section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Kosuke Yokobori
- Pharmacogenetic section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Lalith Perera
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Lee Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Masahiko Negishi
- Pharmacogenetic section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA.
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12
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Ávila JL, Almeida-Aguirre EKP, Méndez-Cuesta CA, Toscano RA, Cerbón Cervantes MA, Delgado G. Structural Reassignment of rel-(3' Z,3 R,6 R,7 R,3a' R,6' R)-3,8-Dihydrodiligustilide and the Activity of Diligustilide and 3,8-Dihydro- and 3,8,7',7a'-Tetrahydrodiligustilides as Progestins. Org Lett 2019; 21:7460-7465. [PMID: 31497973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several phthalides were semisynthesized, including a 3,8-dihydrodiligustilide with progesterone-like activity, previously isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong, the structure of which was earlier assigned to a semisynthetic product with nonidentical spectroscopic constants. The structure of this natural phthalide was reassigned with a proposal of its absolute configuration. Phthalides acted as progestins in cell viability assays, immunofluorescence microscopy, and docking analysis. Therefore, the structures for natural and semisynthetic phthalides with potential use in hormone-related therapies were reassigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ávila
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Ericka K P Almeida-Aguirre
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Carlos A Méndez-Cuesta
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Rubén A Toscano
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Marco A Cerbón Cervantes
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Guillermo Delgado
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 , Ciudad de México , Mexico
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13
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Zheng L, Xia K, Mu Y. Ligand Binding Induces Agonistic-Like Conformational Adaptations in Helix 12 of Progesterone Receptor Ligand Binding Domain. Front Chem 2019; 7:315. [PMID: 31134186 PMCID: PMC6514052 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and plays a vital role in the female reproductive system. The malfunction of it would lead to several types of cancers. The understanding of conformational changes in its ligand binding domain (LBD) is valuable for both biological function studies and therapeutically intervenes. A key unsolved question is how the binding of a ligand (agonist, antagonist, or a selective modulator) induces conformational changes of PR LBD, especially its helix 12. We applied molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the conformational adaptations of PR LBD with or without a ligand or the co-repressor peptides binding. From the simulations, both the agonist progesterone (P4) and the selective PR modulator (SPRM) asoprisnil induces agonistic-like helix 12 conformations (the "closed" states) in PR LBD and the complex of LBD-SPRM is less stable, comparing to the agonist-liganded PR LBD. The results, therefore, explain the partial agonism of the SPRM, which could induce weak agonistic effects in PR. We also found that co-repressor peptides could be stably associated with the LBD and stabilize the LBD in a "semi-open" state for helix 12. These findings would enhance our understanding of PR structural and functional relationships and would also be useful for future structure and knowledge-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhen Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelin Xia
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Okafor CD, Colucci JK, Ortlund EA. Ligand-Induced Allosteric Effects Governing SR Signaling. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.32527/2019/101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Mesiano SA, Peters GA, Amini P, Wilson RA, Tochtrop GP, van Den Akker F. Progestin therapy to prevent preterm birth: History and effectiveness of current strategies and development of novel approaches. Placenta 2019; 79:46-52. [PMID: 30745115 PMCID: PMC6766339 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the 1930s the "progestin" hormone produced by the corpus luteum was isolated and found to be a Δ4-keto-steroid. It was aptly named progesterone (P4) and in the following 30 years the capacity of P4 and derivatives to prevent preterm birth (PTB) was examined. Outcomes of multiple small studies suggested that progestin prophylaxis beginning at mid-gestation decreases the risk for PTB. Subsequent larger trials found that prophylaxis with weekly intramuscular injections of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17HPC) beginning at mid-gestation decreased PTB risk in women with a history of PTB. Other trials found that daily vaginal P4 prophylaxis, also beginning at mid-gestation decreased PTB risk in women with a short cervix. Currently, prophylaxis with 17HPC (in women with a history of PTB) or vaginal P4 (in women with a short cervix) are used to prevent PTB. Recent advances in understanding the molecular biology of P4 signaling in uterine cells is revealing novel progestin-based targets for PTB prevention. One possibility is to use selective P4 receptor (PR) modulators (SPRMs) to boost PR anti-inflammatory activity that blocks labor, while simultaneously preventing PR phosphorylation that causes loss of P4/PR anti-inflammatory activity. This may be achieved by SPRMs that induce a specific PR conformation that prevents site-specific serine phosphorylation that inhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Further advances in understanding how P4 promotes uterine quiescence and how its labor blocking actions are withdrawn to trigger parturition will reveal novel therapeutic targets to more effectively prevent PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A Mesiano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Gregory A Peters
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peyvand Amini
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rachel A Wilson
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gregory P Tochtrop
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Focco van Den Akker
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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16
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Andrei SA, Sijbesma E, Hann M, Davis J, O’Mahony G, Perry MWD, Karawajczyk A, Eickhoff J, Brunsveld L, Doveston RG, Milroy LG, Ottmann C. Stabilization of protein-protein interactions in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:925-940. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1346608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Andrei
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hann
- Platform Technology and Science, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jeremy Davis
- Department of Chemistry, UCB Celltech, Slough, UK
| | - Gavin O’Mahony
- CVMD Medicinal Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Matthew W. D. Perry
- RIA Medicinal Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Karawajczyk
- Medicinal Chemistry, Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Assay development & screening, Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. Doveston
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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17
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Nordqvist A, O'Mahony G, Fridén-Saxin M, Fredenwall M, Hogner A, Granberg KL, Aagaard A, Bäckström S, Gunnarsson A, Kaminski T, Xue Y, Dellsén A, Hansson E, Hansson P, Ivarsson I, Karlsson U, Bamberg K, Hermansson M, Georgsson J, Lindmark B, Edman K. Structure-Based Drug Design of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists to Explore Oxosteroid Receptor Selectivity. ChemMedChem 2016; 12:50-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Nordqvist
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Gavin O'Mahony
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Maria Fridén-Saxin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Marlene Fredenwall
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Anders Hogner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Kenneth L. Granberg
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Anna Aagaard
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Stefan Bäckström
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Tim Kaminski
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Yafeng Xue
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Anita Dellsén
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Eva Hansson
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Pia Hansson
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Ida Ivarsson
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Ulla Karlsson
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Krister Bamberg
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Majlis Hermansson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Jennie Georgsson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Bo Lindmark
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 43183 Sweden
| | - Karl Edman
- Discovery Sciences; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
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18
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Zheng L, Lin VC, Mu Y. Exploring Flexibility of Progesterone Receptor Ligand Binding Domain Using Molecular Dynamics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165824. [PMID: 27824891 PMCID: PMC5100906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR), a member of nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, plays a vital role for female reproductive tissue development, differentiation and maintenance. PR ligand, such as progesterone, induces conformation changes in PR ligand binding domain (LBD), thus mediates subsequent gene regulation cascades. PR LBD may adopt different conformations upon an agonist or an antagonist binding. These different conformations would trigger distinct transcription events. Therefore, the dynamics of PR LBD would be of general interest to biologists for a deep understanding of its structure-function relationship. However, no apo-form (non-ligand bound) of PR LBD model has been proposed either by experiments or computational methods so far. In this study, we explored the structural dynamics of PR LBD using molecular dynamics simulations and advanced sampling tools in both ligand-bound and the apo-forms. Resolved by the simulation study, helix 11, helix 12 and loop 895–908 (the loop between these two helices) are quite flexible in antagonistic conformation. Several residues, such as Arg899 and Glu723, could form salt-bridging interaction between helix 11 and helix 3, and are important for the PR LBD dynamics. And we also propose that helix 12 in apo-form PR LBD, not like other NR LBDs, such as human estrogen receptor α (ERα) LBD, may not adopt a totally extended conformation. With the aid of umbrella sampling and metadynamics simulations, several stable conformations of apo-form PR LBD have been sampled, which may work as critical structural models for further large scale virtual screening study to discover novel PR ligands for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhen Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Valerie Chunling Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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19
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Mayorquín-Torres MC, Arcos-Ramos R, Flores-Álamo M, Iglesias-Arteaga MA. Crystalline arrays of side chain modified bile acids derivatives. Two novel self-assemblies based on π-π and belly-to-belly interactions. Steroids 2016; 115:169-176. [PMID: 27644146 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline derivatives of side chain modified bile acids were efficiently prepared from the naturally occurring steroids by palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reaction as a key step. The solvent-free crystalline bile acids derivatives 2b-e are readily accessed by slow evaporation from selected solvents. A variety of steroidal scaffolds were found and elucidated by SXRD studies. The crystal packing of the title compounds are dominated by hydrogen-bonding interactions established between differently positioned acetyl protecting groups, which in the case of 2b and 2e take advantage of the facial amphiphilicity producing two novel steroidal supramolecular self-assemblies combining π-π and strong facial interactions. Thus, these crystalline arrays of side chain modified bile acids represent promising scaffolds for research and implementation in biomolecular materials or inclusion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha C Mayorquín-Torres
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Arcos-Ramos
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcos Flores-Álamo
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martín A Iglesias-Arteaga
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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20
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Watarai Y, Ishizawa M, Ikura T, Zacconi FCM, Uno S, Ito N, Mouriño A, Tokiwa H, Makishima M, Yamada S. Synthesis, Biological Activities, and X-ray Crystal Structural Analysis of 25-Hydroxy-25(or 26)-adamantyl-17-[20(22),23-diynyl]-21-norvitamin D Compounds. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9510-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watarai
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Ishizawa
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1
Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Teikichi Ikura
- Medical
Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Flavia C. M. Zacconi
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Investigación
Ignacio Ribas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Shigeyuki Uno
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1
Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Medical
Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Antonio Mouriño
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Investigación
Ignacio Ribas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hiroaki Tokiwa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1
Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamada
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1
Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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21
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Lin HR. Triterpenes from Alisma orientalis act as androgen receptor agonists, progesterone receptor antagonists, and glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3626-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Townsend TR, Moyle-Heyrman G, Sukerkar PA, MacRenaris KW, Burdette JE, Meade TJ. Progesterone-targeted magnetic resonance imaging probes. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1428-37. [PMID: 25019183 PMCID: PMC4140536 DOI: 10.1021/bc500265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Determination of progesterone receptor (PR) status in hormone-dependent diseases is essential in ascertaining disease prognosis and monitoring treatment response. The development of a noninvasive means of monitoring these processes would have significant impact on early detection, cost, repeated measurements, and personalized treatment options. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely recognized as a technique that can produce longitudinal studies, and PR-targeted MR probes may address a clinical problem by providing contrast enhancement that reports on PR status without biopsy. Commercially available MR contrast agents are typically delivered via intravenous injection, whereas steroids are administered subcutaneously. Whether the route of delivery is important for tissue accumulation of steroid-modified MRI contrast agents to PR-rich tissues is not known. To address this question, modification of the chemistry linking progesterone with the gadolinium chelate led to MR probes with increased water solubility and lower cellular toxicity and enabled administration through the blood. This attribute came at a cost through lower affinity for PR and decreased ability to cross the cell membrane, and ultimately it did not improve delivery of the PR-targeted MR probe to PR-rich tissues or tumors in vivo. Overall, these studies are important, as they demonstrate that targeted contrast agents require optimization of delivery and receptor binding of the steroid and the gadolinium chelate for optimal translation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn R Townsend
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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23
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Kudo T, Ishizawa M, Maekawa K, Nakabayashi M, Watarai Y, Uchida H, Tokiwa H, Ikura T, Ito N, Makishima M, Yamada S. Combination of Triple Bond and Adamantane Ring on the Vitamin D Side Chain Produced Partial Agonists for Vitamin D Receptor. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4073-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401989c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiyasu Ishizawa
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Nakabayashi
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | | | - Hikaru Uchida
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Makoto Makishima
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamada
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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24
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Cabeza M, Heuze Y, Sánchez A, Garrido M, Bratoeff E. Recent advances in structure of progestins and their binding to progesterone receptors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:152-9. [PMID: 24666307 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.895719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of progesterone in women's cancers as well as the knowledge of the progesterone receptor (PR) structure has prompted the design of different therapies. The aim of this review is to describe the basic structure of PR agonists and antagonists as well as the recent treatments for illness associated with the progesterone receptor. The rational design for potent and effective drugs for the treatment of female cancer must consider the structural changes of the androgen and progestogen skeleton which are an indicator of their activity as progestins or antiprogestins. The presence of a hydroxyl group at C-17 in the progesterone skeleton brings about a loss of progestational activity whereas acetylation induces a progestational effect. The incorporation of an ethynyl functional group to the testosterone framework results in a loss of androgenic activity with a concomitant enhancement of the progestational effect. On the other hand, an ester function at C-3 of dehydroepiandrosterone skeleton induces partial antagonism to the PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Cabeza
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos y de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco , México, D. F. and
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25
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Cunha S, Gano L, Morais GR, Thiemann T, Oliveira MC. Progesterone receptor targeting with radiolabelled steroids: an approach in predicting breast cancer response to therapy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:223-41. [PMID: 23669457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Steroid receptors have demonstrated to be potentially useful biological targets for the diagnosis and therapy follow-up of hormonally responsive cancers. The over-expression of these proteins in human cancer cells as well as their binding characteristics provides a favourable mechanism for the localization of malignant tumours. The need for newer and more selective probes to non-invasively assess steroid receptor expression in hormone-responsive tumours has encouraged the synthesis and the biological evaluation of several steroidal derivatives labelled with positron and gamma emitters. The physiological effects of the steroid hormone progesterone are mediated by the progesterone receptor (PR). Since PR expression is stimulated by the oestrogen receptor (ER), PR status has been considered as a biomarker of ER activity and its value for predicting and monitoring therapeutic efficacy of hormonal therapy has been studied. Imaging of PR-expressing breast cancer patients under hormonal therapy may be advantageous, since the response to therapy can be more accurately predicted after quantification of both ER and PR status. Thus, ligands for PR targeting, although much less explored than ER ligands, have gained some importance lately as potential PET and SPECT tumour imaging agents. In this review, we present a brief survey of explored approaches for progesterone targeting using radiolabelled progestins as potential clinical probes to predict responsiveness to breast cancer therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cunha
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, IST/ITN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
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26
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Khan JA, Tikad A, Fay M, Hamze A, Fagart J, Chabbert-Buffet N, Meduri G, Amazit L, Brion JD, Alami M, Lombès M, Loosfelt H, Rafestin-Oblin ME. A new strategy for selective targeting of progesterone receptor with passive antagonists. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:909-24. [PMID: 23579486 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available progesterone (P4) receptor (PR) antagonists, such as mifepristone (RU486), lack specificity and display partial agonist properties, leading to potential drawbacks in their clinical use. Recent x-ray crystallographic studies have identified key contacts involved in the binding of agonists and antagonists with PR opening the way for a new rational strategy for inactivating PR. We report here the synthesis and characterization of a novel class of PR antagonists (APRn) designed from such studies. The lead molecule, the homosteroid APR19, displays in vivo endometrial anti-P4 activity. APR19 inhibits P4-induced PR recruitment and transactivation from synthetic and endogenous gene promoters. Importantly, it exhibits high PR selectivity with respect to other steroid hormone receptors and is devoid of any partial agonist activity on PR target gene transcription. Two-hybrid and immunostaining experiments reveal that APR19-bound PR is unable to interact with either steroid receptor coactivators 1 and 2 (SRC1 and SCR2) or nuclear receptor corepressor (NcoR) and silencing mediator of retinoid acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT), in contrast to RU486-PR complexes. APR19 also inhibits agonist-induced phosphorylation of serine 294 regulating PR transcriptional activity and turnover kinetics. In silico docking studies based on the crystal structure of the PR ligand-binding domain show that, in contrast to P4, APR19 does not establish stabilizing hydrogen bonds with the ligand-binding cavity, resulting in an unstable ligand-receptor complex. Altogether, these properties highly distinguish APR19 from RU486 and likely its derivatives, suggesting that it belongs to a new class of pure antiprogestins that inactivate PR by a passive mechanism. These specific PR antagonists open new perspectives for long-term hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid A Khan
- Inserm U693, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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