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D’Andrea G, Deroma G, Miluzio A, Biffo S. The Paradox of Ribosomal Insufficiency Coupled with Increased Cancer: Shifting the Perspective from the Cancer Cell to the Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2392. [PMID: 39001453 PMCID: PMC11240629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosomopathies are defined as inherited diseases in which ribosomal factors are mutated. In general, they present multiorgan symptoms. In spite of the fact that in cellular models, ribosomal insufficiency leads to a reduced rate of oncogenic transformation, patients affected by ribosomopathies present a paradoxical increase in cancer incidence. Several hypotheses that explain this paradox have been formulated, mostly on the assumption that altered ribosomes in a stem cell induce compensatory changes that lead to a cancer cell. For instance, the lack of a specific ribosomal protein can lead to the generation of an abnormal ribosome, an oncoribosome, that itself leads to altered translation and increased tumorigenesis. Alternatively, the presence of ribosomal stress may induce compensatory proliferation that in turns selects the loss of tumor suppressors such as p53. However, modern views on cancer have shifted the focus from the cancer cell to the tumor microenvironment. In particular, it is evident that human lymphocytes are able to eliminate mutant cells and contribute to the maintenance of cancer-free tissues. Indeed, many tumors develop in conditions of reduced immune surveillance. In this review, we summarize the current evidence and attempt to explain cancer and ribosomopathies from the perspective of the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo D’Andrea
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, INGM Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Deroma
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, INGM Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annarita Miluzio
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, INGM Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Stefano Biffo
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, INGM Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Chen M, Wang G, Xu Z, Sun J, Liu B, Chang L, Gu J, Ruan Y, Gao X, Song S. Loss of RACK1 promotes glutamine addiction via activating AKT/mTOR/ASCT2 axis to facilitate tumor growth in gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:113-128. [PMID: 37578594 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is closely related to the development of gastric cancer (GC), which remains as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. As a tumor suppressor for GC, whether receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) play a modulatory role in metabolic reprogramming remains largely unclear. METHODS GC cell lines and cell-derived xenograft mouse model were used to identify the biological function of RACK1. Flow cytometry and Seahorse assays were applied to examine cell cycle and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), respectively. Western blot, real-time PCR and autophagy double fluorescent assays were utilized to explore the signaling. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of RACK1 and other indicators in tissue sections. RESULTS Loss of RACK1 facilitated the viability, colony formation, cell cycle progression and OCR of GC cells in a glutamine-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that RACK1 knockdown inhibited the lysosomal degradation of Alanine-serine-cysteine amino acid transporter 2 (ASCT2). Mechanistically, depletion of RACK1 remarkably decreased PTEN expression through up-regulating miR-146b-5p, leading to the activation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which dampened autophagy flux subsequently. Moreover, knockdown of ASCT2 could reverse the promotive effect of RACK1 depletion on GC tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Tissue microarray confirmed that RACK1 was negatively correlated with the expression of ASCT2 and p62, as well as the phosphorylation of mTOR. CONCLUSION Together, our results demonstrate that the suppressive function of RACK1 in GC is associated with ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism, and imply that targeting RACK1/ASCT2 axis provides potential strategies for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaojia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shushu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Yang D, Lu X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhu L, Liu Q. RACK1 promotes the occurrence and progression of cervical carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25012. [PMID: 38305509 PMCID: PMC10943258 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RACK1 has been identified as a multifunctional cytosolic protein, and plays a pivotal role in multiple biological responses involved in several kinds of tumors, while its effect in cervical cancer has not been well elucidated yet. The study aimed to investigate the role of RACK1 in cervical cancer occurrence and progression. METHODS The expression of RACK1 in cervical specimens was measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay. Transgenic mice were used to detect the role of RACK1 in modulating tumorigenesis in vivo. Cervical carcinoma cell lines were used to explore the underlying mechanisms of RACK1 on the behaviors of tumor cells in vitro. RESULTS We found that RACK1 expression was upregulated in cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues, and its expression was gradually increased from cervictis, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasis (CIN) to carcinoma. Genetic overexpression of RACK1 facilitated tumor formation and growth in nude mice. Mechanism studies disclosed that RACK1 over-expression prolonged the G0 /G1 phase by up-regulating the expression of cyclinD1, down-regulating p21 and p27 probably by modulating the phosphorylation of AKT. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we concluded that RACK1 stimulates tumorigenesis and progression of cervical cancer via modulating the proliferation of tumor cells, implying that targeting RACK1 may serve as a promising method for cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Xiaojuan Lu
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Xuegang Zhang
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Qin Liu
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
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Banaszek N, Kurpiewska D, Kozak K, Rutkowski P, Sobczuk P. Hedgehog pathway in sarcoma: from preclinical mechanism to clinical application. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17635-17649. [PMID: 37815662 PMCID: PMC10657326 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a diverse group of malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin. They develop rarely, but due to poor prognosis, they are a challenging and significant clinical problem. Currently, available therapeutic options have very limited activity. A better understating of sarcomas' pathogenesis may help develop more effective therapies in the future. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is involved in both embryonic development and mature tissue repair and carcinogenesis. Shh pathway inhibitors are presently used in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Its increased activity has been demonstrated in many sarcomas, including osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and malignant rhabdoid tumor. In vitro studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of inhibitors of the Hedgehog pathway in inhibiting proliferation in those sarcomas in which the components of the pathway are overexpressed. These results were confirmed by in vivo studies, which additionally proved the influence of Shh pathway inhibitors on limiting the metastatic potential of sarcoma cells. However, until now, the efficacy of sarcomas treatment with Shh pathway inhibitors has not been established in clinical trials. The reason for that may be the non-canonical activation of the pathway or interactions with other signaling pathways, such as Wnt or Notch. In this review, we present the Shh signaling pathway's role in the pathogenesis of sarcomas, including both canonical and non-canonical signaling. We also propose how this knowledge could be potentially translated into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Banaszek
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Kurpiewska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kozak
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Sobczuk
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Tian R, Tian J, Zuo X, Ren S, Zhang H, Liu H, Wang Z, Cui Y, Niu R, Zhang F. RACK1 facilitates breast cancer progression by competitively inhibiting the binding of β-catenin to PSMD2 and enhancing the stability of β-catenin. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:685. [PMID: 37848434 PMCID: PMC10582012 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a key scaffolding protein with multifunctional and multifaceted properties. By mediating protein-protein interactions, RACK1 integrates multiple intracellular signals involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulation of RACK1 has been implicated in the initiation and progression of many tumors. However, the exact function of RACK1 in cancer cellular processes, especially in proliferation, remains controversial. Here, we show that RACK1 is required for breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. This effect of RACK1 is associated with its ability to enhance β-catenin stability and activate the canonical WNT signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. We identified PSMD2, a key component of the proteasome, as a novel binding partner for RACK1 and β-catenin. Interestingly, although there is no interaction between RACK1 and β-catenin, RACK1 binds PSMD2 competitively with β-catenin. Moreover, RACK1 prevents ubiquitinated β-catenin from binding to PSMD2, thereby protecting β-catenin from proteasomal degradation. Collectively, our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which RACK1 increases β-catenin stability and promotes breast cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruinan Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jianfei Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zuo
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Sixin Ren
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - He Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yanfen Cui
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Wang Q, Jiang S, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Huang M, Qiu Y, Luo X. Prognostic and clinicopathological role of RACK1 for cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15873. [PMID: 37601269 PMCID: PMC10434108 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) expression is associated with clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of various cancers; however, the conclusions are controversial. As a result, this study aimed to explore the clinicopathological and prognostic values of RACK1 expression in patients with cancer. Methodology PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were comprehensively explored from their inception to April 20, 2023, for selecting studies on the clinicopathological and prognostic role of RACK1 in patients with cancer that met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the prognosis-predictive value of RACK1 expression, while pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were used to evaluate the correlation between RACK1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with cancer. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Twenty-two studies (13 on prognosis and 20 on clinicopathological characteristics) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings indicated that high RACK1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.13-2.33; P = 0.009; I2 = 89%) and reversely correlated with disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.22-2.88; P = 0.004; I2 = 0%). Furthermore, increased RACK1 expression was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion/N+ stage (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.04-2.90; P = 0.04; I2 = 79%) of tumors. Conclusions RACK1 may be a global predictive marker of poor prognosis in patients with cancer and unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics. However, further clinical studies are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sixin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - You Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Clinical Research Center for Breast, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang Y, Liu X, Huang W, Liang J, Chen Y. The intricate interplay between HIFs, ROS, and the ubiquitin system in the tumor hypoxic microenvironment. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108303. [PMID: 36328089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in protein ubiquitination and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling both contribute to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Ubiquitination is a dynamic process that is coordinately regulated by E3 ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), which have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets. HIF expression and transcriptional activity are usually increased in tumors, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are upregulated in tumors and have multiple effects on HIF signaling and the ubiquitin system. A growing body of evidence has shown that multiple E3 ligases and UBDs function synergistically to control the expression and activity of HIF, thereby allowing cancer cells to cope with the hypoxic microenvironment. Conversely, several E3 ligases and DUBs are regulated by hypoxia and/or HIF signaling. Hypoxia also induces ROS production, which in turn modulates the stability or activity of HIF, E3 ligases, and DUBs. Understanding the complex networks between E3 ligase, DUBs, ROS, and HIF will provide insights into the fundamental mechanism of the cellular response to hypoxia and help identify novel molecular targets for cancer treatment. We review the current knowledge on the comprehensive relationship between E3 ligase, DUBs, ROS, and HIF signaling, with a particular focus on the use of E3 ligase or DUB inhibitors in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Weixiao Huang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China; School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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Goldkamp AK, Li Y, Rivera RM, Hagen DE. Differentially expressed tRNA-derived fragments in bovine fetuses with assisted reproduction induced congenital overgrowth syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:1055343. [PMID: 36457750 PMCID: PMC9705782 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1055343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As couples struggle with infertility and livestock producers wish to rapidly improve genetic merit in their herd, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have become increasingly popular in human medicine as well as the livestock industry. Utilizing ART can cause an increased risk of congenital overgrowth syndromes, such as Large Offspring Syndrome (LOS) in ruminants. A dysregulation of transcripts has been observed in bovine fetuses with LOS, which is suggested to be a cause of the phenotype. Our recent study identified variations in tRNA expression in LOS individuals, leading us to hypothesize that variations in tRNA expression can influence the availability of their processed regulatory products, tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs). Due to their resemblance in size to microRNAs, studies suggest that tRFs target mRNA transcripts and regulate gene expression. Thus, we have sequenced small RNA isolated from skeletal muscle and liver of day 105 bovine fetuses to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to LOS. Moreover, we have utilized our previously generated tRNA sequencing data to analyze the contribution of tRNA availability to tRF abundance. Results: 22,289 and 7,737 unique tRFs were predicted in the liver and muscle tissue respectively. The greatest number of reads originated from 5' tRFs in muscle and 5' halves in liver. In addition, mitochondrial (MT) and nuclear derived tRF expression was tissue-specific with most MT-tRFs and nuclear tRFs derived from LysUUU and iMetCAU in muscle, and AsnGUU and GlyGCC in liver. Despite variation in tRF abundance within treatment groups, we identified differentially expressed (DE) tRFs across Control-AI, ART-Normal, and ART-LOS groups with the most DE tRFs between ART-Normal and ART-LOS groups. Many DE tRFs target transcripts enriched in pathways related to growth and development in the muscle and tumor development in the liver. Finally, we found positive correlation coefficients between tRNA availability and tRF expression in muscle (R = 0.47) and liver (0.6). Conclusion: Our results highlight the dysregulation of tRF expression and its regulatory roles in LOS. These tRFs were found to target both imprinted and non-imprinted genes in muscle as well as genes linked to tumor development in the liver. Furthermore, we found that tRNA transcription is a highly modulated event that plays a part in the biogenesis of tRFs. This study is the first to investigate the relationship between tRNA and tRF expression in combination with ART-induced LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Goldkamp
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Yahan Li
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rocio M. Rivera
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Darren E. Hagen
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Ou H, Wang L, Xi Z, Shen H, Jiang Y, Zhou F, Liu Y, Zhou Y. MYO10 contributes to the malignant phenotypes of colorectal cancer via RACK1 by activating integrin/Src/FAK signaling. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3838-3851. [PMID: 35912545 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastases still remain a major cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) patient death. MYO10 is upregulated in several tumor types, however, its significance and the underlying mechanism in CRC is not entirely clear. Here we found that MYO10 was highly expressed in CRC tumor tissues, especially in liver metastasis tissues. MYO10 knockout reduced CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro, and CRC metastasis in vivo. We identified RACK1 by LC-MS/MS and demonstrated that MYO10 interacts with and stabilizes RACK1. Mechanistically, MYO10 promotes CRC cell progression and metastasis via ubiquitination-mediated RACK1 degradation and integrin/Src/FAK signaling activation. Therefore, the MYO10/RACK1/integrin/Src/FAK axis may play an important role in CRC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Ou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyao Xi
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaofei Jiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Laka K, Mbita Z. P53-Related Anticancer Activities of Drimia calcarata Bulb Extracts Against Lung Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:876213. [PMID: 35769912 PMCID: PMC9235921 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.876213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current lung cancer treatment strategies are ineffective, and lung cancer cases continue to soar; thus, novel anticancer drugs and targets are needed, and medicinal plants are promising to offer better alternatives. This study was aimed at analysing two p53 splice variants during the potential anticancer activities of Drimia calcarata (Dc) methanol and water extracts against different human lung cancer cell lines of varying p53 mutation status, and these included mutant H1573 and mutant H1437 and p53-wild type (A549) cells. The anticancer activities of the Dc extracts were assessed by establishing the cytotoxic effect and the apoptosis-inducing capacity of these extracts, using the MTT assay and Annexin V analysis, respectively, with the latter confirmed using fluorescence microscopy. The molecular mechanisms induced by these extracts were further evaluated using cell cycle analysis and RT-PCR. Both extracts demonstrated safety against noncancerous lung MRC-5 fibroblasts and exhibited significant anticancer potency (p < 0.001) against the H1437 (IC50 values: 62.50 μg/ml methanol extract and 125 μg/ml WE), H1573 (IC50 value: 125 μg/ml for both extracts) and A549 (IC50 value: 500 μg/ml ME). The water extract had no effect on the viability of A549 cells. Treated H1437 cells underwent p53-dependent apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest while H1573 treated cells underwent p53-independed apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through upregulation of p21 mRNA expression levels. The expression levels of STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A and STAT5B genes increased significantly (p < 0.001) following the treatment of H1573 cells with ME and WE. Treatment of H1437 cells with ME upregulated the STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A and STAT5B mRNAs. Our results indicate that the proliferative inhibitory effect of D. calcarata extracts on A549 and H1573 cells is correlated with the suppression of Bcl-2, STAT3 and STAT5B while that is not the case in H1437 cells. Thus, our results suggest that the dysregulation of anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2, STAT3, STAT5A and STAT5B in H1437 may play a role in cancer cell survival, which may consequently contribute to the development of p53-mutated non-small human lung cancer. Our results indicate that D. calcarata is a promising source of anticancer agents for the treatment of p53-mutant human non-small lung cancer cells than the p53-wild type human non-small lung cancer cells.
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Zhao Y, Peng D, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Liu B, Deng Y, Ding W, Zhou Z, Liu Q. Usp8 promotes tumor cell migration through activating the JNK pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:286. [PMID: 35361778 PMCID: PMC8971431 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the most cause of high mortality for cancer patients. Identification of novel factors that modulate tumor cell migration is of great significance for therapeutic strategies. Here, we find that the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (Usp8) promotes tumor cell migration through activating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Genetic epistasis analyses uncover Usp8 acts upstream of Tak1 to control the JNK pathway. Consistently, biochemical results reveal that Usp8 binds Tak1 to remove ubiquitin modification from Tak1, leading to its stabilization. In addition, human USP8 also triggers tumor cell migration and activates the JNK pathway. Finally, we show that knockdown of USP8 in human breast cancer cells suppresses cell migration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that a conserved Usp8-Tak1-JNK axis promotes tumor cell migration, and providing USP8 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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12
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Roles of RACK1 in centrosome regulation and carcinogenesis. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110207. [PMID: 34843916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) regulates various cellular functions and signaling pathways by interacting with different proteins. Recently, we showed that RACK1 interacts with breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1), which regulates centrosome duplication. RACK1 localizes to centrosomes and spindle poles and is involved in the proper centrosomal localization of BRCA1. The interaction between RACK1 and BRCA1 is critical for the regulation of centrosome number. In addition, RACK1 contributes to centriole duplication by regulating polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) activity in S phase. RACK1 binds directly to PLK1 and Aurora A, promoting the phosphorylation of PLK1 and activating the Aurora A/PLK1 signaling axis. Overexpression of RACK1 causes centrosome amplification, especially in mammary gland epithelial cells, inducing overactivation of PLK1 followed by premature centriole disengagement and centriole re-duplication. Other proteins, including hypoxia-inducible factor α, von Hippel-Lindau protein, heat-shock protein 90, β-catenin, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β, interact with RACK1 and play roles in centrosome regulation. In this review, we focus on the roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of RACK1 in centrosome regulation mediated by its interaction with different proteins and the modulation of their functions.
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13
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Xu C, Li YM, Sun B, Zhong FJ, Yang LY. GNA14's interaction with RACK1 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression through reducing MAPK/JNK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1357-1369. [PMID: 34657150 PMCID: PMC8598382 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gαq subfamily proteins play critical roles in many biological functions including cardiovascular development, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis of melanoma. However, the understanding of G Protein Subunit Alpha 14 (GNA14) in diseases, especially in cancers is limited. Here, we revealed that GNA14 was significantly low expression in Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples. Low GNA14 expression was correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features. Moreover, the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of high GNA14 expression HCC patients were much better than low GNA14 expression group. Lentivirus-mediated GNA14 knockdown significantly promoted the growth of liver cancer in vitro and in vivo. However, opposing results were observed when GNA14 is upregulated. Mechanistically, We identified receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) as a binding partner of GNA14 by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry (MS). Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay further verified the direct interaction between GNA14 and RACK1. RNA-Seq and loss- and gain-of-function assays also confirmed that GNA14 reduced the activity of both MAPK/JNK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways through RACK1. GNA14 synergized with U73122 (PLC inhibitor) to enhance this effect. Further studies suggested that GNA14 potentially competed with protein kinase C (PKC) to bind with RACK1, consequently reducing the stability of PKC. Moreover, we also showed that GNA14’supression of p-AKT protein level depended on sufficient RACK1 expression. In conclusion, we indicated a different role of GNA14, which acted as a suppressor inhibiting liver cancer progression through MAPK/JNK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Due to this, GNA14 served as a potentially valuable prognostic biomarker for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fang-Jing Zhong
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lian-Yue Yang
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86-(0)731-84327365; Fax: (0)731-84327618;
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14
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Liu F, Shao J, Yang H, Yang G, Zhu Q, Wu Y, Zhu L, Wu H. Disruption of rack1 suppresses SHH-type medulloblastoma formation in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1518-1530. [PMID: 34480519 PMCID: PMC8611787 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant pediatric brain tumor that arises in the cerebellar granular neurons. Sonic Hedgehog subtype of MB (SHH‐MB) is one of the major subtypes of MB in the clinic. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MB tumorigenesis are still not fully understood. Aims Our previous work demonstrated that the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (Rack1) is essential for SHH signaling activation in granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) during cerebellar development. To investigate the potential role of Rack1 in MB development, human MB tissue array and SHH‐MB genetic mouse model were used to study the expression of function of Rack1 in MB pathogenesis. Results We found that the expression of Rack1 was significantly upregulated in the majority of human cerebellar MB tumors. Genetic ablation of Rack1 expression in SHH‐MB tumor mice could significantly inhibit MB proliferation, reduce the tumor size, and prolong the survival of tumor rescue mice. Interestingly, neither apoptosis nor autophagy levels were affected in Rack1‐deletion rescue mice compared to WT mice, but the expression of Gli1 and HDAC2 was significantly decreased suggesting the inactivation of SHH signaling pathway in rescue mice. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that Rack1 may serve as a potential candidate for the diagnostic marker and therapeutic target of MB, including SHH‐MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haihong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Guochao Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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15
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Ma N, Wang YK, Xu S, Ni QZ, Zheng QW, Zhu B, Cao HJ, Jiang H, Zhang FK, Yuan YM, Zhang EB, Chen TW, Xia J, Ding XF, Chen ZH, Zhang XP, Wang K, Cheng SQ, Qiu L, Li ZG, Yu YC, Wang XF, Zhou B, Li JJ, Xie D. PPDPF alleviates hepatic steatosis through inhibition of mTOR signaling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3059. [PMID: 34031390 PMCID: PMC8144412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease in the world, however, no drug treatment has been approved for this disease. Thus, it is urgent to find effective therapeutic targets for clinical intervention. In this study, we find that liver-specific knockout of PPDPF (PPDPF-LKO) leads to spontaneous fatty liver formation in a mouse model at 32 weeks of age on chow diets, which is enhanced by HFD. Mechanistic study reveals that PPDPF negatively regulates mTORC1-S6K-SREBP1 signaling. PPDPF interferes with the interaction between Raptor and CUL4B-DDB1, an E3 ligase complex, which prevents ubiquitination and activation of Raptor. Accordingly, liver-specific PPDPF overexpression effectively inhibits HFD-induced mTOR signaling activation and hepatic steatosis in mice. These results suggest that PPDPF is a regulator of mTORC1 signaling in lipid metabolism, and may be a potential therapeutic candidate for NAFLD. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a prevalent chronic liver disease, however, drugs to treat this disease are still lacking. Here, the authors show that PPDPF inhibits the development of hepatic steatosis by negatively regulating mTORC1-S6K-SREBP1 signaling, which provides a potential therapeutic candidate for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Kang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Zhi Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Wen Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jun Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Kun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Mei Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-Bin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Fen Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Oncology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Qun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Section of Esophageal Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Chun Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.
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16
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Chen T, Wang F, Wei S, Nie Y, Zheng X, Deng Y, Zhu X, Deng Y, Zhong N, Zhou C. FGFR/RACK1 interacts with MDM2, promotes P53 degradation, and inhibits cell senescence in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0389. [PMID: 33710818 PMCID: PMC8330524 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FGFR is considered an important driver gene of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Thus, identification of the biological events downstream of FGFR is important for the treatment of this malignancy. Our previous study has shown that the FGFR/RACK1 complex interacts with PKM2 and consequently promotes glycolysis in LSCC cells. However, the biological functions of the FGFR/RACK1 complex remain poorly understood. METHODS Anchorage-independent assays and in vivo tumorigenesis assays were performed to evaluate cancer cell malignancy. Distant seeding assays were performed to evaluate cancer cell metastasis. β-gal staining was used to examine cell senescence, and immunoprecipitation assays were performed to examine the interactions among FGFR, RACK1, and MDM2. RESULTS FGFR/RACK1 was found to regulate the senescence of LSCC cells. Treatment with PD166866, an inhibitor of FGFR, or knockdown of RACK1 induced senescence in LSCC cells (P < 0.01). A molecular mechanistic study showed that FGFR/RACK1/MDM2 form a complex that promotes the degradation of p53 and thus inhibits cell senescence. PD166866 and RG7112, an MDM2/p53 inhibitor, cooperatively inhibited the colony formation and distal seeding of LSCC cells (P < 0.01), and upregulated the expression of p53 and p21. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings revealed the regulatory roles and mechanisms of FGFR/RACK1 in cell senescence. This understanding should be important in the treatment of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shupei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yingjie Nie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Clinical Research Lab Center, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang OK 550002, China
| | - Xiaotao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xubin Zhu
- Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Affiliated Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Yuezhen Deng
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Montes-Grajales D, Morelos-Cortes X, Olivero-Verbel J. Discovery of New Protein Targets of BPA Analogs and Derivatives Associated with Noncommunicable Diseases: A Virtual High-Throughput Screening. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:37009. [PMID: 33769846 PMCID: PMC7997610 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A analogs and derivatives (BPs) have emerged as new contaminants with little or no information about their toxicity. These have been found in numerous everyday products, from thermal paper receipts to plastic containers, and measured in human samples. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this research were to identify in silico new protein targets of BPs associated with seven noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and to study their protein-ligand interactions using computer-aided tools. METHODS Fifty BPs were identified by a literature search and submitted to a virtual high-throughput screening (vHTS) with 328 proteins associated with NCDs. Protein-protein interactions between predicted targets were examined using STRING, and the protocol was validated in terms of binding site recognition and correlation between in silico affinities and in vitro data. RESULTS According to the vHTS, several BPs may target proteins associated with NCDs, some of them with stronger affinities than bisphenol A (BPA). The best affinity score (the highest in silico affinity absolute value) was obtained after docking 4,4'-bis(N-carbamoyl-4-methylbenzensulfonamide)diphenylmethane (BTUM) on estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 1 (-13.7 kcal/mol). However, other molecules, such as bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), bisphenol PH (BPPH), and Pergafast 201 also exhibited great affinities (top 10 affinity scores for each disease) with proteins related to NCDs. DISCUSSION Molecules such as BTUM, BDP, BPPH, and Pergafast 201 could be targeting key signaling pathways related to NCDs. These BPs should be prioritized for in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing and to further assess their possible role in the development of these diseases. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Montes-Grajales
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Xiomara Morelos-Cortes
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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18
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HEDGEHOG/GLI Modulates the PRR11-SKA2 Bidirectional Transcription Unit in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010120. [PMID: 33477943 PMCID: PMC7833434 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that proline-rich protein 11 (PRR11) and spindle and kinetochore associated 2 (SKA2) constituted a head-to-head gene pair driven by a prototypical bidirectional promoter. This gene pair synergistically promoted the development of non-small cell lung cancer. However, the signaling pathways leading to the ectopic expression of this gene pair remains obscure. In the present study, we first analyzed the lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) relevant RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using the correlation analysis of gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), which revealed that the PRR11-SKA2 correlated gene list highly resembled the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation-related gene set. Subsequently, GLI1/2 inhibitor GANT-61 or GLI1/2-siRNA inhibited the Hh pathway of LSCC cells, concomitantly decreasing the expression levels of PRR11 and SKA2. Furthermore, the mRNA expression profile of LSCC cells treated with GANT-61 was detected using RNA sequencing, displaying 397 differentially expressed genes (203 upregulated genes and 194 downregulated genes). Out of them, one gene set, including BIRC5, NCAPG, CCNB2, and BUB1, was involved in cell division and interacted with both PRR11 and SKA2. These genes were verified as the downregulated genes via RT-PCR and their high expression significantly correlated with the shorter overall survival of LSCC patients. Taken together, our results indicate that GLI1/2 mediates the expression of the PRR11-SKA2-centric gene set that serves as an unfavorable prognostic indicator for LSCC patients, potentializing new combinatorial diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in LSCC.
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Wu B, Chang N, Xi H, Xiong J, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Wu S, Wang N, Yi H, Song Y, Chen L, Zhang J. PHB2 promotes tumorigenesis via RACK1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3150-3166. [PMID: 33537079 PMCID: PMC7847695 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among cancers worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the most common type. Increasing evidence shows that PHB2 is highly expressed in other cancer types; however, the effects of PHB2 in NSCLC are currently poorly understood. Method: PHB2 expression and its clinical relevance in NSCLC tumor tissues were analyzed using a tissue microarray. The biological role of PHB2 in NSCLC was investigated in vitro and in vivo using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, gene expression knockdown and overexpression, cell proliferation assay, flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, wound healing assay, Transwell assay, western blot analysis, qRT-PCR, coimmunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry analysis. Results: Our major finding is that PHB2 facilitates tumorigenesis in NSCLC by interacting with and stabilizing RACK1, which further induces activation of downstream tumor-promoting effectors. PHB2 was found to be overexpressed in NSCLC tumor tissues, and its expression was correlated with clinicopathological features. Furthermore, PHB2 overexpression promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas PHB2 knockdown enhanced apoptosis in NSCLC cells. The stimulating effect of PHB2 on tumorigenesis was also verified in vivo. In addition, PHB2 interacted with RACK1 and increased its expression through posttranslational modification, which further induced activation of the Akt and FAK pathways. Conclusions: Our results reveal the effects of PHB2 on tumorigenesis and its regulation of RACK1 and RACK1-associated proteins and downstream signaling in NSCLC. We believe that the crosstalk between PHB2 and RACK1 provides us with a great opportunity to design and develop novel therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.
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Althurwi SI, Yu JQ, Beale P, Huq F. Sequenced Combinations of Cisplatin and Selected Phytochemicals towards Overcoming Drug Resistance in Ovarian Tumour Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207500. [PMID: 33053689 PMCID: PMC7589098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, cisplatin, artemisinin, and oleanolic acid were evaluated alone, and in combination, on human ovarian A2780, A2780ZD0473R, and A2780cisR cancer cell lines, with the aim of overcoming cisplatin resistance and side effects. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT reduction assay. Combination index (CI) values were used as a measure of combined drug effect. MALDI TOF/TOF MS/MS and 2-DE gel electrophoresis were used to identify protein biomarkers in ovarian cancer and to evaluate combination effects. Synergism from combinations was dependent on concentration and sequence of administration. Generally, bolus was most synergistic. Moreover, 49 proteins differently expressed by 2 ≥ fold were: CYPA, EIF5A1, Op18, p18, LDHB, P4HB, HSP7C, GRP94, ERp57, mortalin, IMMT, CLIC1, NM23, PSA3,1433Z, and HSP90B were down-regulated, whereas hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2/B1, EF2, GOT1, EF1A1, VIME, BIP, ATP5H, APG2, VINC, KPYM, RAN, PSA7, TPI, PGK1, ACTG and VDAC1 were up-regulated, while TCPA, TCPH, TCPB, PRDX6, EF1G, ATPA, ENOA, PRDX1, MCM7, GBLP, PSAT, Hop, EFTU, PGAM1, SERA and CAH2 were not-expressed in A2780cisR cells. The proteins were found to play critical roles in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, and biosynthetic processes and drug resistance and detoxification. Results indicate that appropriately sequenced combinations of cisplatin with artemisinin (ART) and oleanolic acid (OA) may provide a means to reduce side effects and circumvent platinum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiah Ibrahim Althurwi
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia; (S.I.A.); (J.Q.Y.)
| | - Jun Q. Yu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia; (S.I.A.); (J.Q.Y.)
| | - Philip Beale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord NSW 2137, Australia;
| | - Fazlul Huq
- Eman Research Ltd., Canberra ACT 2609, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-411235462
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Martin-Hurtado A, Lastres-Becker I, Cuadrado A, Garcia-Gonzalo FR. NRF2 and Primary Cilia: An Emerging Partnership. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060475. [PMID: 32498260 PMCID: PMC7346227 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When not dividing, many cell types target their centrosome to the plasma membrane, where it nucleates assembly of a primary cilium, an antenna-like signaling structure consisting of nine concentric microtubule pairs surrounded by membrane. Primary cilia play important pathophysiological roles in many tissues, their dysfunction being associated with cancer and ciliopathies, a diverse group of congenital human diseases. Several recent studies have unveiled functional connections between primary cilia and NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), the master transcription factor orchestrating cytoprotective responses to oxidative and other cellular stresses. These NRF2-cilia relationships are reciprocal: primary cilia, by promoting autophagy, downregulate NRF2 activity. In turn, NRF2 transcriptionally regulates genes involved in ciliogenesis and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, a cilia-dependent pathway with major roles in embryogenesis, stem cell function and tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, while we found that NRF2 stimulates ciliogenesis and Hh signaling, a more recent study reported that NRF2 negatively affects these processes. Herein, we review the available evidence linking NRF2 to primary cilia, suggest possible explanations to reconcile seemingly contradictory data, and discuss what the emerging interplay between primary cilia and NRF2 may mean for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martin-Hurtado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-H.); (I.L.-B.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-H.); (I.L.-B.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28013 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-H.); (I.L.-B.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28013 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc R. Garcia-Gonzalo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-H.); (I.L.-B.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Li Y, Sun X, Gao D, Ding Y, Liu J, Chen J, Luo J, Zhang J, Liu Q, Zhou Z. Dual functions of Rack1 in regulating Hedgehog pathway. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3082-3096. [PMID: 32467643 PMCID: PMC7560836 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays multiple roles in many physiological processes and its dysregulation leads to congenital disorders and cancers. Hh regulates the cellular localization of Smoothened (Smo) and the stability of Cubitus interruptus (Ci) to fine-tune the signal outputs. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we show that the scaffold protein Rack1 plays dual roles in Hh signaling. In the absence of Hh, Rack1 promotes Ci and Cos2 to form a Ci–Rack1–Cos2 complex, culminating in Slimb-mediated Ci proteolysis. In the presence of Hh, Rack1 dissociates from Ci–Rack1–Cos2 complex and forms a trimeric complex with Smo and Usp8, leading to Smo deubiquitination and cell surface accumulation. Furthermore, we find the regulation of Rack1 on Hh pathway is conserved from Drosophila to mammalian cells. Our findings demonstrate that Rack1 plays dual roles during Hh signal transduction and provide Rack1 as a potential drug target for Hh-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China
| | - Dongqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 210061, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 210061, Nanjing, China
| | - Junzheng Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100094, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China.
| | - Zizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China.
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Wu H, Song S, Yan A, Guo X, Chang L, Xu L, Hu L, Kuang M, Liu B, He D, Zhao R, Wang L, Wu X, Gu J, Ruan Y. RACK1 promotes the invasive activities and lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer via galectin-1. Cancer Lett 2020; 469:287-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Shen C, Hua H, Gu L, Cao S, Cai H, Yao X, Chen X. Overexpression of RACK1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Melanoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:795-803. [PMID: 31949482 PMCID: PMC6959021 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly malignant skin cancer with limited treatment options, the mechanism of the occurrence and development of melanoma is still unclear till now. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a scaffolding protein that mediates multiple signaling pathways; it interconnects distinct signaling pathways to control essential cellular processes. RACK1 was reported as an oncogene in human tumorigenesis, but little is known about its role in melanoma. This study aimed to investigate the expression of RACK1 in patients with melanoma and to reveal its possible functions in melanoma cells. The expression profiles of RACK1 detected in tumor tissues from melanoma patients showed that RACK1 was higher in tumor tissues, and its expression level was well associated with the clinical progression of melanoma (TNM stage, P=0.009). Furthermore, RNA interfering (RNAi) knockdown of RACK1 could efficiently suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion of A375 and A875 cells and promote their apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that RACK1 may be a poor prognostic factor in human melanoma, and it may be a new therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Lixiong Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shuanglin Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hengji Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
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25
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Mennerich D, Kubaichuk K, Kietzmann T. DUBs, Hypoxia, and Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:632-653. [PMID: 31706510 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in protein ubiquitylation and hypoxia are commonly associated with cancer. Ubiquitylation is carried out by three sequentially acting ubiquitylating enzymes and can be opposed by deubiquitinases (DUBs), which have emerged as promising drug targets. Apart from protein localization and activity, ubiquitylation regulates degradation of proteins, among them hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Thereby, various E3 ubiquitin ligases and DUBs regulate HIF abundance. Conversely, several E3s and DUBs are regulated by hypoxia. While hypoxia is a powerful HIF regulator, less is known about hypoxia-regulated DUBs and their impact on HIFs. Here, we review current knowledge about the relationship of E3s, DUBs, and hypoxia signaling. We also discuss the reciprocal regulation of DUBs by hypoxia and use of DUB-specific drugs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Kateryna Kubaichuk
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland.
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26
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Study on recognition of novel RACK1 protein inhibitors for small cell lung cancer outlined by pharmacophore based virtual screening and Molecular Docking. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Involvement of E3 Ligases and Deubiquitinases in the Control of HIF-α Subunit Abundance. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060598. [PMID: 31208103 PMCID: PMC6627837 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathways are cellular processes involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. Enzymes called ubiquitin E3 ligases perform protein ubiquitylation. The action of these enzymes can be counteracted by another group of enzymes called deubiquitinases (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from target proteins. The balanced action of these enzymes allows cells to adapt their protein content to a variety of cellular and environmental stress factors, including hypoxia. While hypoxia appears to be a powerful regulator of the ubiquitylation process, much less is known about the impact of DUBs on the HIF system and hypoxia-regulated DUBs. Moreover, hypoxia and DUBs play crucial roles in many diseases, such as cancer. Hence, DUBs are considered to be promising targets for cancer cell-specific treatment. Here, we review the current knowledge about the role DUBs play in the control of HIFs, the regulation of DUBs by hypoxia, and their implication in cancer progression.
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28
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Fan Y, Si W, Ji W, Wang Z, Gao Z, Tian R, Song W, Zhang H, Niu R, Zhang F. Rack1 mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of Anxa2 by Src and promotes invasion and metastasis in drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:66. [PMID: 31113450 PMCID: PMC6530024 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acquirement of resistance is always associated with a highly aggressive phenotype of tumor cells. Recent studies have revealed that Annexin A2 (Anxa2) is a key protein that links drug resistance and cancer metastasis. A high level of Anxa2 in cancer tissues is correlated to a highly aggressive phenotype. Increased Anxa2 expression appears to be specific in many drug-resistant cancer cells. The functional activity of Anxa2 is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation at the Tyr23 site. Nevertheless, the accurate molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Anxa2 tyrosine phosphorylation and whether phosphorylation is necessary for the enhanced invasive phenotype of drug-resistant cells remain unknown. Methods Small interfering RNAs, small molecule inhibitors, overexpression, loss of function or gain of function, rescue experiments, Western blot, wound healing assays, transwell assays, and in vivo metastasis mice models were used to investigate the functional effects of Rack1 and Src on the tyrosine phosphorylation of Anxa2 and the invasion and metastatic potential of drug-resistant breast cancer cells. The interaction among Rack1, Src, and Anxa2 in drug-resistant cells was verified by co-immunoprecipitation assay. Results We demonstrated that Anxa2 Tyr23 phosphorylation is necessary for multidrug-resistant breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Rack1 is required for the invasive and metastatic potential of drug-resistant breast cancer cells through modulating Anxa2 phosphorylation. We provided evidence that Rack1 acts as a signal hub and mediates the interaction between Src and Anxa2, thereby facilitating Anxa2 phosphorylation by Src kinase. Conclusions Our findings suggest a convergence point role of Rack1/Src/Anxa2 complex in the crosstalk between drug resistance and cancer aggressiveness. The interaction between Anxa2 and Rack1/Src is responsible for the association between drug resistance and invasive/metastatic potential in breast cancer cells. Thus, our findings provide novel insights on the mechanism underlying the functional linkage between drug resistance and cancer aggressiveness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1147-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Fan
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weiyao Si
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zicong Gao
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weijie Song
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - He Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Sun X, Sun B, Cui M, Zhou Z. HERC4 exerts an anti-tumor role through destabilizing the oncoprotein Smo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:1013-1018. [PMID: 31010679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The GPCR-like transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) is an indispensable transducer in Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, its hyperactivation leads to several human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The mechanism governing Smo stability still remains elusive. Here, we perform a modifier screening in Drosophila, and find that the E3 ligase dHerc4 degrades dSmo. Depletion of dherc4 increases dSmo protein and activates Hh pathway. In addition, we reveal that HERC4 is downregulated in NSCLC samples, negative correlating with Smo. HERC4 interacts with Smo reciprocally in NSCLC cells. Finally, we show that knockdown of herc4 activates Hh pathway and promotes NSCLC cell proliferation. Taken together, our studies have demonstrated that HERC4 acts as a tumor suppressor via destabilizing the oncoprotein Smo, and provided HERC4 as a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Anorectum, Qianfo Mount Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Anorectum, Qianfo Mount Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zizhang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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30
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Li XY, Hu Y, Li NS, Wan JH, Zhu Y, Lu NH. RACK1 Acts as a Potential Tumor Promoter in Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:5625026. [PMID: 30962803 PMCID: PMC6431438 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5625026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor of activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1) promotes the progression and invasion of several cancers. However, the role of RACK1 in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been clearly defined. Herein, we aimed to investigate the biological role of RACK1 in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset were searched, and the expression of RACK1 in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of RACK1 in human CRC, adenoma, and normal tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of RACK1 in human CRC cell lines. Functional assays, such as BrdU, colony formation, and wound healing and transwell invasion assays, were used to explore the biological role of RACK1 in CRC. RESULTS RACK1 was upregulated in CRC tissues compared with its expression in adjacent normal tissues in TCGA and the GEO dataset (P < 0.05). Moreover, RACK1 was significantly overexpressed in CRC and adenoma tissues compared with its expression in normal tissues (P < 0.05). Loss-of-function experiments showed that RACK1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that RACK1, as an oncogene, markedly promoted the progression of CRC, which suggested that RACK1 is a potential therapeutic target for CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nian-Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
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31
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Opposite regulation of Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling pathways by Rack1 controls mammalian cerebellar development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4661-4670. [PMID: 30765517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813244116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the cerebellum depends on intricate processes of neurogenesis, migration, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and progenitor cells. Defective cerebellar development often results in motor dysfunctions and psychiatric disorders. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the complex development of the cerebellum will facilitate the development of novel treatment options. Here, we report that the receptor for activated C kinase (Rack1), a multifaceted signaling adaptor protein, regulates mammalian cerebellar development in a cell type-specific manner. Selective deletion of Rack1 in mouse NSCs or granule neuron progenitors (GNPs), but not Bergmann glial cells (BGs), causes severe defects in cerebellar morphogenesis, including impaired folia and fissure formation. NSCs and GNPs lacking Rack1 exhibit enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling but reduced Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. Simultaneous deletion of β-catenin in NSCs, but not GNPs, significantly rescues the Rack1 mutant phenotype. Interestingly, Rack1 controls the activation of Shh signaling by regulating the ubiquitylation and stability of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)/HDAC2. Suppression of HDAC1/HDAC2 activity in the developing cerebellum phenocopies the Rack1 mutant. Together, these results reveal a previously unknown role of Rack1 in controlling mammalian cerebellar development by opposite regulation of Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling pathways.
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Cao J, Zhao M, Liu J, Zhang X, Pei Y, Wang J, Yang X, Shen B, Zhang J. RACK1 Promotes Self-Renewal and Chemoresistance of Cancer Stem Cells in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Stabilizing Nanog. Theranostics 2019; 9:811-828. [PMID: 30809310 PMCID: PMC6376462 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been proposed as a new strategy to eradicate malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms by which CSCs sustain their self-renewal and chemoresistance remain elusive. Nanog is a master transcriptional regulator of stemness, especially in CSCs. Its expression is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Whether the suppression of Nanog ubiquitination contributes to its over-expression in CSCs has not been explored. In addition, the role of receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), an adaptor protein implicated in HCC growth, in liver CSC-like traits remains to be determined. Methods: In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the role of RACK1 in liver CSC-like phenotype and murine ESC function. How RACK1 regulates Nanog expression was explored by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The interaction of RACK1 with Nanog and the consequent effects on Nanog ubiquitination and stemness were then analyzed. Results: RACK1 promotes self-renewal and chemoresistance of human liver CSCs and maintains murine ESC function. Consistently, RACK1 enhances the expression of Nanog in human HCC cells and murine ESCs. The protein levels of RACK1 in clinical HCC tissues positively correlate with those of Nanog. Further exploration indicates that RACK1 directly binds to Nanog, which prevents its recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW8 and ubiquitin-dependent degradation. The interaction with Nanog is essential for RACK1 to promote stemness. Conclusions: Our data provide novel insights into the regulation of Nanog protein levels, as well the key role of RACK1 to enhance self-renewal and chemoresistance of CSCs in human HCC.
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Xiao T, Zhu W, Huang W, Lu SS, Li XH, Xiao ZQ, Yi H. RACK1 promotes tumorigenicity of colon cancer by inducing cell autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1148. [PMID: 30451832 PMCID: PMC6242835 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RACK1 is upregulated in the various types of human cancers, and considered to play a role in the development and progression of human cancer. However, the role and mechanism of RACK in the colon cancer are poorly understood. In this study, we detected RACK1 expression in 63 normal colonic mucosa, 60 colonic inflammatory polyps, 60 colonic adenomas, 180 colon adenocarcinomas, and 40 lymph node metastases by immunohistochemistry, and observed that RACK1 expression was progressively elevated in the carcinogenic process of human colonic epithelium, and RACK1 expressional levels were positively correlated with the malignant degree and lymph node metastasis of colon cancers, and negatively correlated with the patient survival. With a combination of loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, we observed that RACK1 promoted colon cancer cell proliferation, inhibited colon cancer cell apoptosis, and enhanced the anchorage-independent and xenograft growth of colon cancer cells. Moreover, we found that RACK1-induced autophagy of colon cancer cells; RACK1-induced autophagy promoted colon cancer cell proliferation and inhibited colon cancer cell apoptosis. Our data suggest that RACK1 acts as an oncogene in colon cancer, and RACK1-induced autophagy promotes proliferation and survival of colon cancer, highlighting the therapeutic potential of autophagy inhibitor in the colon cancer with high RACK1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta Xiao
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shan-Shan Lu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xin-Hui Li
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiao
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Hong Yi
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Hedgehog signalling in the tumourigenesis and metastasis of osteosarcoma, and its potential value in the clinical therapy of osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:701. [PMID: 29899399 PMCID: PMC5999604 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is involved in cell differentiation, growth and tissue polarity. This pathway is also involved in the progression and invasion of various human cancers. Osteosarcoma, a subtype of bone cancer, is commonly seen in children and adolescents. Typically, pulmonary osteosarcoma metastases are especially difficult to control. In the present paper, we summarise recent studies on the regulation of osteosarcoma progression and metastasis by downregulating Hh signalling. We also summarise the crosstalk between the Hh pathway and other cancer-related pathways in the tumourigenesis of various cancers. We further summarise and highlight the therapeutic value of potential inhibitors of Hh signalling in the clinical therapy of human cancers.
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Fei L, Ma Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Luo Y, Wang C, Zhang H, Zhang W, Han Y. RACK1 promotes lung cancer cell growth via an MCM7/RACK1/ Akt signaling complex. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40501-40513. [PMID: 28465488 PMCID: PMC5522230 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MCM7, a member of the miniature chromosome maintenance (MCM) protein family, is crucial for the initiation of DNA replication and proliferation in eukaryotic cells. In this report, we demonstrate that RACK1 regulates cell growth and cell cycle progression in human non-small-cell lung cancer by mediating MCM7 phosphorylation through an MCM7/RACK1/Akt signaling complex. RACK1 functions as a central scaffold that brings Akt into physical proximity with MCM7. Overexpression of RACK1 increases interactions between Akt and MCM7 and promotes Akt-dependent MCM7 phosphorylation, which in turn increases MCM7 binding to chromatin and MCM complex formation. Together, these changes promote DNA replication and cell proliferation. Our findings reveal a novel signaling pathway that regulates growth in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangru Fei
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yinan Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
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Bi J, Zhao Q, Zhu L, Li X, Yang G, Liu J, Yin G. RACK1 is indispensable for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication and NF-κB activation in Marc-145 cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2985. [PMID: 29445214 PMCID: PMC5813008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is currently insufficiently controlled. RACK1 (receptor of activated protein C kinase 1) was first identified as a receptor for protein kinase C, with increasing evidence showing that the functionally conserved RACK1 plays important roles in cancer development, NF-κB activation and various virus infections. However, the roles of RACK1 during PRRSV infection in Marc-145 cells have not been described yet. Here we demonstrated that infection of Marc-145 cells with the highly pathogenic PRRSV strain YN-1 from our lab led to activation of NF-κB and upregulation of RACK1 expression. The siRNA knockdown of RACK1 inhibited PRRSV replication in Marc-145 cells, abrogated NF-κB activation induced by PRRSV infection and reduced the viral titer. Furthermore, knockdown of RACK1 could inhibit an ongoing PRRSV infection. We found that RACK1 is highly conserved across different species based on the phylogenetic analysis of mRNA and deduced amino acid sequences. Taken together, RACK1 plays an indispensable role for PRRSV replication in Marc-145 cells and NF-κB activation. The results would advance our further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PRRSV infection in swine and indicate RACK1 as a promising potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin province, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan province, China.,Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chuxiong City, 675000, Yunnan province, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan province, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan province, China.,Yunnan Province Veterinary Biological Products Development Center, Baoshan, 678000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xidan Li
- Karolinska Institute, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Stockholm, SE-14157, Sweden
| | - Guishu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan province, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Karolinska Institute, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Stockholm, SE-14157, Sweden.
| | - Gefen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan province, China.
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Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer in Xuanwei, China, are the highest in the world. This study attempts to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to lung adenocarcinoma in Xuanwei. The expression profiles of eight paired lung adenocarcinoma tissues and corresponding nontumor tissues were acquired by microarrays. Functional annotations of DEGs were carried out by bioinformatics analysis. The results of the microarrays were further verified by real-time quantitative PCR (RTq-PCR). A total of 5290 genes were classified as DEGs in lung adenocarcinoma in Xuanwei; 3325 genes were upregulated and 1965 genes were downregulated, whereas the expression of the other 11 970 genes did not change. These DEGs are involved in a wide range of cancer-related processes, which include cell division, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and DNA replication, and in many pathways such as the p53 signaling pathway, the MAPK pathway, the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, the hedgehog signaling pathway, and the non-small-cell lung cancer pathway. The tendency of changes in the expression of 12 selected DEGs (five downregulated genes, PIK3R1, RARB, HGF, MAPK11, and SESN1, and seven upregulated genes, PAK1, E2F1, CCNE1, EGF, CDC25A, PTTG1, and UHRF1) in RTq-PCR was consistent with the expression profiling data. Expression of PAK1 was significantly increased in the low differentiation group (P=0.031), whereas expression of HGF was significantly decreased in the low differentiation group (P=0.045). RARB and MAPK11 were significantly increased in the nonsmoker group (P=0.033 and 0.040, respectively). A large number of DEGs in lung adenocarcinoma in Xuanwei have been detected, which may enable us to understand the pathogenesis and lay an important foundation for the prevention and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma in Xuanwei.
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Liu B, Wang C, Chen P, Cheng B, Cheng Y. RACKI induces chemotherapy resistance in esophageal carcinoma by upregulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and Bcl-2 expression. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:211-220. [PMID: 29379302 PMCID: PMC5757499 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s152818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidence indicates that RACK1 is involved in the progression of tumors. We aimed to evaluate the function of RACK1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its role in the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance. Materials and methods Transfected ESCC cell lines with plasmids expressed shRACK1 or open reading frame (ORF) targeting RACK1 and established stable cell lines. We then examined the effects of RACK1 on cell proliferation and chemotherapy resistance in ESCC cell lines, and the expression of AKT, pAKT, ERK1/2, Bcl-2, and Bim was introduced to further detect the association between RACK1 and chemotherapy resistance. Results The proliferation ability of ESCC cells was improved in the overexpression RACK1 groups (P<0.001) and decreased in the transfected shRACK1 groups (P<0.001) compared with the control ones. Meanwhile, upregulation of RACK1 significantly suppressed cisplatin-induced apoptosis in Eca109 and EC9706 cells, while downregulation of RACK1 promoted the sensitivity compared to the control group (Eca109: P<0.001 for shRACK1, P<0.01 for shNC, and P<0.001 for overexpression group; EC9706: P<0.001 for shRACK1, P<0.001 for shNC, and P<0.05 for overexpression group). Furthermore, we found that RACK1 could activate the PI3K/AKT pathway and increase the expression level of Bcl-2 in ESCC, which leads to the enhancement of chemoresistance in ESCC. Conclusion RACK1 promotes proliferation and chemotherapy resistance in ESCC by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and upregulating the Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Liu S, Liu J, Wang J, Cheng J, Zeng X, Ji N, Li J, Chen Q. RACK1 is an organ-specific prognostic predictor in OSCC. Oral Oncol 2017; 76:22-26. [PMID: 29290282 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to verify that RACK1 is an organ-specific prognostic predictor in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The RACK1 expression level was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a total of 342 OSCC patients from 3 independent cohorts. The multivariate hazard ratios for Overall Survival (OS) was determined by Cox proportional hazards regression model. OS was analyzed in 460 Head Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) patients from TCGA data set. The expression level of RACK1 was analyzed in 60 cases multiple organ tissue microarrays representing both normal and cancer tissues by IHC, and in TCGA database of mRNA abundance in cancers and paired normal tissues. RESULTS The median follow-up times of patients in the study was 74, 52, and 78 months. High expression of RACK1 was identified in tumors from 103 of 151 patients (68.2%), 51 of 83 patients (61.4%), and 59 of 108 patients (54.6%). Compared with low expression, high expression of RACK1 was strongly associated with worse OS, with HR of 0.5995 (95% CI, 0.3929 to 0.9147; P=0.0176), 0.4402 (95% CI, 0.2321 to 0.8348; P=0.0120), and 0.5010 (95% CI, 0.2886 to 0.8699; P=0.0141). This finding is consistent with TCGA HNSCC data (P=0.0276). Tissue microarrays analyses showed different protein expression level of RACK1 in multiple human carcinomas and this finding is consistent with the TCGA database analysis of RACK1 mRNA abundance. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that RACK1 is a good independent organ-specific predictor of the risk of death in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - JiaJia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiongke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junxin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhou C, Chen T, Xie Z, Qin Y, Ou Y, Zhang J, Li S, Chen R, Zhong N. RACK1 forms a complex with FGFR1 and PKM2, and stimulates the growth and migration of squamous lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2391-2399. [PMID: 28418088 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) on Tyr105 by fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) has been shown to promote its nuclear localization as well as cell growth in lung cancer. Better understanding the regulation of this process would benefit the clinical treatment for lung cancer. Here, it has been found that the adaptor protein receptor for activated PKC kinase (RACK1) formed a complex with FGFR1 and PKM2, and activated the FGFR1/PKM2 signaling. Knocking down the expression of RACK1 impaired the phosphorylation on Tyr105 of PKM2 and inhibited the growth and migration of lung cancer cells, while over-expression of RACK1 in lung cancer cells led to the resistance to Erdafitinib. Moreover, knocking down the expression of RACK1 impaired the tumorigenesis of lung cancer driven by LKB loss and mutated Ras (KrasG12D). Taken together, our study demonstrated the pivotal roles of RACK1 in FGFR1/PKM2 signaling, suggesting FGFR1/RACK1/PKM2 might be a therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yinyin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yangming Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiexia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shiyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Liao S, Xiao S, Chen H, Zhang M, Chen Z, Long Y, Gao L, He J, Ge Y, Yi W, Wu M, Li G, Zhou Y. The receptor for activated protein kinase C promotes cell growth, invasion and migration in cervical cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1497-1507. [PMID: 29048616 PMCID: PMC5642390 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women all over the world. However, the exact etiology of cervical cancer remains unclear. The receptor for activated protein kinase C (RACK1) is reported to be involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Besides, the prognostic value of RACK1 in several kinds of tumors has been identified. However, there are limited studies on the functional role of RACK1 in cervical cancer. In this study, we tested the expression level of RACK1 by immunohistochemistry and western blot technologies and find that it is upregulated in cervical cancer. Colony formation and CCK8 assays indicate that RACK1 promotes cell proliferation in CaSki cervical cancer cells. While the silence of RACK1 decreases the cell proliferation in CCK8 analysis. β-galactosidase staining suggests that RACK1 decreases cell senescence in cervical cancer cells. Invasion and migration assay show that RACK1 promotes the invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells. Also, when RACK1 was silenced, it exerts the opposite result. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of MMP‑3, MMP‑9 and MMP‑10 were upregulated in RACK1‑overexpressed CaSki cells by qPCR analysis. RACK1 also induces S phase accumulation in cell cycle analysis and suppresses cell apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis of mitochondria functions suggests that RACK1 increases the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) levels to prevent mitochondrial apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. To explore the possible mechanism of RACK1, we tested and found that RACK1 upregulates the expression of NF-κB, cyclin D1 and CDK4 and downregulates the expression of p53, p38, p21 and STAT1 in cervical cancer cells. These results suggest that RACK1 promotes cell growth and invasion and inhibits the senescence and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells probably by affecting the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liao
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- The Gynecology Department, People's Hospital of Xinjiang
| | - Manying Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Zhifang Chen
- The Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Long
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Lu Gao
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Junyu He
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Yanshan Ge
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Wei Yi
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital
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Wang F, Wang W, Li J, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang M. Sulforaphane reverses gefitinib tolerance in human lung cancer cells via modulation of sonic hedgehog signaling. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:109-114. [PMID: 29285189 PMCID: PMC5738694 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib is a targeted anticancer drug that was developed as an effective clinical therapy for lung cancer. Numerous patients develop gefitinib resistance in response to treatment. Sulforaphane (SFN) is present in cruciferous vegetables, and has been demonstrated to inhibit the malignant growth of various types of cancer cells. To investigate the role of SFN in gefitinib resistance, a gefitinib-tolerant PC9 (PC9GT) cell model was established by continually exposing PC9 cells to gefitinib. Cell viability was measured using a cell proliferation assay. Components of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway and markers of lung cancer stem cells were detected via western blotting. SFN markedly inhibited the proliferation of PC9GT and PC9 cells in a dose-dependent manner; combination SFN/gefitinib treatment also markedly decreased PC9GT cell proliferation, compared with SFN or gefitinib administered alone (P<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of SHH, Smoothened (SMO), zinc finger protein GLI1 (GLI1), GLI2, CD133 and CD44 were upregulated in PC9GT cells, as compared with in PC9 cells. Furthermore, SFN markedly inhibited the expression of SHH, SMO and GLI1 in PC9GT and PC9 cells in a dose dependent manner, and SFN combined with gefitinib markedly inhibited the expression of SHH, SMO, GLI1, CD133 and CD44 in PC9GT cells when compared with SFN or gefitinib monotherapy. The results of the present study demonstrated that SFN inhibits the proliferation of gefitinib-tolerant lung cancer cells via modulation of the SHH signaling pathway. Therefore, combined SFN and gefitinib therapy may be an effective approach for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine in Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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Armas-López L, Piña-Sánchez P, Arrieta O, de Alba EG, Ortiz-Quintero B, Santillán-Doherty P, Christiani DC, Zúñiga J, Ávila-Moreno F. Epigenomic study identifies a novel mesenchyme homeobox2-GLI1 transcription axis involved in cancer drug resistance, overall survival and therapy prognosis in lung cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67056-67081. [PMID: 28978016 PMCID: PMC5620156 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several homeobox-related gene (HOX) transcription factors such as mesenchyme HOX-2 (MEOX2) have previously been associated with cancer drug resistance, malignant progression and/or clinical prognostic responses in lung cancer patients; however, the mechanisms involved in these responses have yet to be elucidated. Here, an epigenomic strategy was implemented to identify novel MEOX2 gene promoter transcription targets and propose a new molecular mechanism underlying lung cancer drug resistance and poor clinical prognosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays derived from non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) hybridized on gene promoter tiling arrays and bioinformatics analyses were performed, and quantitative, functional and clinical validation were also carried out. We statistically identified a common profile consisting of 78 gene promoter targets, including Hedgehog-GLI1 gene promoter sequences (FDR≤0.1 and FDR≤0.2). The GLI-1 gene promoter region from -2,192 to -109 was occupied by MEOX2, accompanied by transcriptionally active RNA Pol II and was epigenetically linked to the active histones H3K27Ac and H3K4me3; these associations were quantitatively validated. Moreover, siRNA genetic silencing assays identified a MEOX2-GLI1 axis involved in cellular cytotoxic resistance to cisplatinum in a dose-dependent manner, as well as cellular migration and proliferation. Finally, Kaplan-Maier survival analyses identified significant MEOX2-dependent GLI-1 protein expression associated with clinical progression and poorer overall survival using an independent cohort of NSCLC patients undergoing platinum-based oncological therapy with both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-non-mutated and EGFR-mutated status. In conclusion, this is the first study to investigate epigenome-wide MEOX2-transcription factor occupation identifying a novel overexpressed MEOX2-GLI1 axis and its clinical association with platinum-based cancer drug resistance and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based therapy responses in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Armas-López
- National University Autonomous of México (UNAM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED), Lung Diseases And Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Patricia Piña-Sánchez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Centro Medico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas (UIMEO), Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- National Cancer Institute (INCAN), Thoracic Oncology Clinic, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Guzman de Alba
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - David C. Christiani
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Federico Ávila-Moreno
- National University Autonomous of México (UNAM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED), Lung Diseases And Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Mexico State, Mexico
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Dong B, Dai G, Xu L, Shi D. Detection of RACK1 and CTNNBL1‑induced activation of mouse splenocytes using an immunoprecipitation‑based technique. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7056-7063. [PMID: 28901482 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell lysates (TCLs) have been reported to induce antitumor immunity; however, it remains unclear which elements serve a role in this process. The present study identified 768 proteins that were upregulated in TCL prepared from Lewis lung cancer cells compared with the lysate from type II alveolar epithelial cells. Among the proteins that were upregulated in TCL, receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) and catenin β‑like 1 (CTNNBL1) are closely associated with cell proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis. To determine the role of these proteins in TCL, a protein extraction method was designed, which was based on immunoprecipitation. Using this method, RACK1 and CTNNBL1 were extracted, whereas the other proteins within the TCL were not affected. The modified TCL exhibited a stronger ability to induce splenocyte apoptosis, whereas the ability to promote cell activation was reduced. These findings suggested that the TCL depends on RACK1 and CTNNBL1 to activate mouse immunocytes, including monocytes and B lymphocytes, and inhibit apoptosis. Therefore, the present study may provide information regarding the composition of TCLs and their positive regulatory effect on immunocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Guangli Dai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Damin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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Liu B, Wang C, Chen P, Wang L, Cheng Y. RACK1 promotes radiation resistance in esophageal cancer via regulating AKT pathway and Bcl-2 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:622-628. [PMID: 28760343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RACK1 is a seven Trp-Asp 40 repeat protein, which interacts with a wide range of kinases and proteins. RACK1 plays an important role in the proliferation and progression of various cancers. The aim of this study is to detect the role of RACK1 in the radioresistance in esophageal cancer. The results indicated that downregulation of RACK1 reduced the colony formation ability, proliferation ability and resistance of cells to radiation effection through regulating the radiation-related proteins including pAKT, Bcl-2 and Bim; whereas upregulation of RACK1 promoted the ability and radioresistance of ESCC cells. Our findings suggest that RACK1 promotes proliferation and radioresistance in ESCC cells by activating the AKT pathway, upregulating Bcl-2 expression and downregulating protein levels of Bim. Our study fills in gaps in the field of RACK1 and radiation resistance and may provide new possibilities for improving strategies of radiotherapy in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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46
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Probing the mechanisms underlying human diseases in making ribosomes. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1035-44. [PMID: 27528749 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are essential, highly complex machines responsible for protein synthesis in all growing cells. Because of their importance, the process of building these machines is intricately regulated. Although the proteins involved in regulating ribosome biogenesis are just beginning to be understood, especially in human cells, the consequences for dysregulating this process have been even less studied. Such interruptions in ribosome synthesis result in a collection of human disorders known as ribosomopathies. Ribosomopathies, which occur due to mutations in proteins involved in the global process of ribosome biogenesis, result in tissue-specific defects. The questions posed by this dichotomy and the steps taken to address these questions are therefore the focus of this review: How can tissue-specific disorders result from alterations in global processes? Could ribosome specialization account for this difference?
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47
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RACK1 depletion in the ribosome induces selective translation for non-canonical autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2800. [PMID: 28518135 PMCID: PMC5520723 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RACK1, which was first demonstrated as a substrate of PKCβ II, functions as a scaffold protein and associates with the 40S small ribosomal subunit. According to previous reports, ribosomal RACK1 was also suggested to control translation depending on the status in translating ribosome. We here show that RACK1 knockdown induces autophagy independent of upstream canonical factors such as Beclin1, Atg7 and Atg5/12 conjugates. We further report that RACK1 knockdown induces the association of mRNAs of LC3 and Bcl-xL with polysomes, indicating increased translation of these proteins. Therefore, we propose that the RACK1 depletion-induced autophagy is distinct from canonical autophagy. Finally, we confirm that cells expressing mutant RACK1 (RACK1R36D/K38E) defective in ribosome binding showed the same result as RACK1-knockdown cells. Altogether, our data clearly show that the depletion of ribosomal RACK1 alters the capacity of the ribosome to translate specific mRNAs, resulting in selective translation of mRNAs of genes for non-canonical autophagy induction.
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48
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Campagne C, Reyes-Gomez E, Picco ME, Loiodice S, Salaun P, Ezagal J, Bernex F, Commère PH, Pons S, Esquerre D, Bourneuf E, Estellé J, Maskos U, Lopez-Bergami P, Aubin-Houzelstein G, Panthier JJ, Egidy G. RACK1 cooperates with NRAS Q61K to promote melanoma in vivo. Cell Signal 2017; 36:255-266. [PMID: 28343944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer. RACK1 (Receptor for activated protein kinase C) protein was proposed as a biological marker of melanoma in human and domestic animal species harboring spontaneous melanomas. As a scaffold protein, RACK1 is able to coordinate the interaction of key signaling molecules implicated in both physiological cellular functions and tumorigenesis. A role for RACK1 in rewiring ERK and JNK signaling pathways in melanoma cell lines had been proposed. Here, we used a genetic approach to test this hypothesis in vivo in the mouse. We show that Rack1 knock-down in the mouse melanoma cell line B16 reduces invasiveness and induces cell differentiation. We have developed the first mouse model for RACK1 gain of function, Tyr::Rack1-HA transgenic mice, targeting RACK1 to melanocytes in vivo. RACK1 overexpression was not sufficient to initiate melanomas despite activated ERK and AKT. However, in a context of melanoma predisposition, RACK1 overexpression reduced latency and increased incidence and metastatic rate. In primary melanoma cells from Tyr::Rack1-HA, Tyr::NRasQ61K mice, activated JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and activated STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) acted as RACK1 oncogenic partners in tumoral progression. A sequential and coordinated activation of ERK, JNK and STAT3 with RACK1 is shown to accelerate aggressive melanoma development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Campagne
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - E Reyes-Gomez
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Embryologie, d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - M E Picco
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Loiodice
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P Salaun
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J Ezagal
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - F Bernex
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Embryologie, d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P H Commère
- Plateforme de Cytométrie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - S Pons
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, UMR 3571, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, F75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - D Esquerre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - E Bourneuf
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France; LREG, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J Estellé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - U Maskos
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, UMR 3571, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, F75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - P Lopez-Bergami
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnologicos, Ambientales y Diagnostico, Universidad Malmonides, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Aubin-Houzelstein
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J J Panthier
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; CNRS URM 3738, USC INRA 2026, F-75724, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, Génétique fonctionnelle de la Souris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris F-75724, France
| | - G Egidy
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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49
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Duff D, Long A. Roles for RACK1 in cancer cell migration and invasion. Cell Signal 2017; 35:250-255. [PMID: 28336233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Migration and invasion of cancer cells into surrounding tissue and vasculature is an important initial step in cancer metastasis. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer related death and thus it is crucial that we improve our understanding of the mechanisms that promote this life-threatening phenomenon. Cell migration involves a complex, multistep process that leads to the actin-driven movement of cells on or through the tissues of the body. The multifunctional scaffolding protein RACK1 plays important roles in nucleating cell signalling hubs, anchoring proteins at specific subcellular locations and regulating protein activity. It is essential for cell migration and accumulating evidence now demonstrates multiple roles for RACK1 in regulating migration and invasion of tumour cells. The possibility of designing drugs that block the migratory and invasive capabilities of cancer cells represents an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating malignant disease with RACK1 being a potential target. In this review we summarize this evidence and examine the mechanisms that underlie the contribution of RACK1 to the various stages of cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Duff
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Aideen Long
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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50
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Caromile LA, Dortche K, Rahman MM, Grant CL, Stoddard C, Ferrer FA, Shapiro LH. PSMA redirects cell survival signaling from the MAPK to the PI3K-AKT pathways to promote the progression of prostate cancer. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/470/eaag3326. [PMID: 28292957 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased abundance of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on prostate epithelium is a hallmark of advanced metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) and correlates negatively with prognosis. However, direct evidence that PSMA functionally contributes to PCa progression remains elusive. We generated mice bearing PSMA-positive or PSMA-negative PCa by crossing PSMA-deficient mice with transgenic PCa (TRAMP) models, enabling direct assessment of PCa incidence and progression in the presence or absence of PSMA. Compared with PSMA-positive tumors, PSMA-negative tumors were smaller, lower-grade, and more apoptotic with fewer blood vessels, consistent with the recognized proangiogenic function of PSMA. Relative to PSMA-positive tumors, tumors lacking PSMA had less than half the abundance of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), less activity in the survival pathway mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling, and more activity in the proliferative pathway mediated by MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling. Biochemically, PSMA interacted with the scaffolding protein RACK1, disrupting signaling between the β1 integrin and IGF-1R complex to the MAPK pathway, enabling activation of the AKT pathway instead. Manipulation of PSMA abundance in PCa cell lines recapitulated this signaling pathway switch. Analysis of published databases indicated that IGF-1R abundance, cell proliferation, and expression of transcripts for antiapoptotic markers positively correlated with PSMA abundance in patients, suggesting that this switch may be relevant to human PCa. Our findings suggest that increase in PSMA in prostate tumors contributes to progression by altering normal signal transduction pathways to drive PCa progression and that enhanced signaling through the IGF-1R/β1 integrin axis may occur in other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Ann Caromile
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Kristina Dortche
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - M Mamunur Rahman
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Christina L Grant
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Christopher Stoddard
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Fernando A Ferrer
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Linda H Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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