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Integrin αEβ7 + T cells direct intestinal stem cell fate decisions via adhesion signaling. Cell Res 2021; 31:1291-1307. [PMID: 34518654 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cell (ISC) differentiation is regulated precisely by a niche in the crypt, where lymphocytes may interact with stem and transient amplifying (TA) cells. However, whether and how lymphocyte-stem/TA cell contact affects ISC differentiation is largely unknown. Here, we uncover a novel role of T cell-stem/TA cell contact in ISC fate decisions. We show that intestinal lymphocyte depletion results in skewed ISC differentiation in mice, which can be rescued by T cell transfer. Mechanistically, integrin αEβ7 expressed on T cells binds to E-cadherin on ISCs and TA cells, triggering E-cadherin endocytosis and the consequent Wnt and Notch signaling alterations. Blocking αEβ7-E-cadherin adhesion suppresses Wnt signaling and promotes Notch signaling in ISCs and TA cells, leading to defective ISC differentiation. Thus, αEβ7+ T cells regulate ISC differentiation at single-cell level through cell-cell contact-mediated αEβ7-E-cadherin adhesion signaling, highlighting a critical role of the T cell-stem/TA cell contact in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Dammes N, Goldsmith M, Ramishetti S, Dearling JLJ, Veiga N, Packard AB, Peer D. Conformation-sensitive targeting of lipid nanoparticles for RNA therapeutics. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1030-1038. [PMID: 34140675 PMCID: PMC7611664 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The successful in vivo implementation of gene expression modulation strategies relies on effective, non-immunogenic delivery vehicles. Lipid nanoparticles are one of the most advanced non-viral clinically approved nucleic-acid delivery systems. Yet lipid nanoparticles accumulate naturally in liver cells upon intravenous administration, and hence, there is an urgent need to enhance uptake by other cell types. Here we use a conformation-sensitive targeting strategy to achieve in vivo gene silencing in a selective subset of leukocytes and show potential therapeutic applications in a murine model of colitis. In particular, by targeting the high-affinity conformation of α4β7 integrin, which is a hallmark of inflammatory gut-homing leukocytes, we silenced interferon-γ in the gut, resulting in an improved therapeutic outcome in experimental colitis. The lipid nanoparticles did not induce adverse immune activation or liver toxicity. These results suggest that our lipid nanoparticle targeting strategy might be applied for selective delivery of payloads to other conformation-sensitive targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Dammes
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meir Goldsmith
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Srinivas Ramishetti
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nuphar Veiga
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Cai C, Sun H, Hu L, Fan Z. Visualization of integrin molecules by fluorescence imaging and techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:229-257. [PMID: 34219865 PMCID: PMC8249084 DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2021.014338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrin molecules are transmembrane αβ heterodimers involved in cell adhesion, trafficking, and signaling. Upon activation, integrins undergo dynamic conformational changes that regulate their affinity to ligands. The physiological functions and activation mechanisms of integrins have been heavily discussed in previous studies and reviews, but the fluorescence imaging techniques -which are powerful tools for biological studies- have not. Here we review the fluorescence labeling methods, imaging techniques, as well as Förster resonance energy transfer assays used to study integrin expression, localization, activation, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
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Sato T, Ishihara S, Marui R, Takagi J, Katagiri K. Dissection of α 4β 7 integrin regulation by Rap1 using novel conformation-specific monoclonal anti-β 7 antibodies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13221. [PMID: 32764635 PMCID: PMC7413538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin activation is associated with conformational regulation. In this study, we developed a system to evaluate conformational changes in α4β7 integrin. We first inserted the PA tag into the plexin-semaphorin-integrin (PSI) domain of β7 chain, which reacted with an anti-PA tag antibody (NZ-1) in an Mn2+-dependent manner. The small GTPase Rap1 deficiency, as well as chemokine stimulation and the introduction of the active form of Rap1, Rap1V12, enhanced the binding of NZ-1 to the PA-tagged mutant integrin, and increased the binding affinity to mucosal addressing cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1). Furthermore, we generated two kinds of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognized Mn2+-dependent epitopes of β7. Both epitopes were exposed to bind to mAbs on the cells by the introduction of Rap1V12. Although one epitope in the PSI domain of β7 was exposed on Rap1-deficienct cells, the other epitope in the hybrid domain of β7 was not. These data indicate that the conversion of Rap1-GDP to GTP exerts two distinct effects stepwise on the conformation of α4β7. The induction of colitis by Rap1-deficient CD4+ effector/memory T cells suggests that the removal of constraining effect by Rap1-GDP on α4β7 is sufficient for homing of these pathogenic T cells into colon lamina propria (LP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sato
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ishihara
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ryoya Marui
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koko Katagiri
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
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Hosen N, Matsunaga Y, Hasegawa K, Matsuno H, Nakamura Y, Makita M, Watanabe K, Yoshida M, Satoh K, Morimoto S, Fujiki F, Nakajima H, Nakata J, Nishida S, Tsuboi A, Oka Y, Manabe M, Ichihara H, Aoyama Y, Mugitani A, Nakao T, Hino M, Uchibori R, Ozawa K, Baba Y, Terakura S, Wada N, Morii E, Nishimura J, Takeda K, Oji Y, Sugiyama H, Takagi J, Kumanogoh A. The activated conformation of integrin β 7 is a novel multiple myeloma-specific target for CAR T cell therapy. Nat Med 2017; 23:1436-1443. [PMID: 29106400 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-specific cell-surface antigens are ideal targets for monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapy but are likely to have previously been identified in transcriptome or proteome analyses. Here, we show that the active conformer of an integrin can serve as a specific therapeutic target for multiple myeloma (MM). We screened >10,000 anti-MM mAb clones and identified MMG49 as an MM-specific mAb specifically recognizing a subset of integrin β7 molecules. The MMG49 epitope, in the N-terminal region of the β7 chain, is predicted to be inaccessible in the resting integrin conformer but exposed in the active conformation. Elevated expression and constitutive activation of integrin β7 conferred high MMG49 reactivity on MM cells, whereas MMG49 binding was scarcely detectable in other cell types including normal integrin β7+ lymphocytes. T cells transduced with MMG49-derived chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) exerted anti-MM effects without damaging normal hematopoietic cells. Thus, MMG49 CAR T cell therapy is promising for MM, and a receptor protein with a rare but physiologically relevant conformation can serve as a cancer immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hosen
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mio Makita
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouki Watanabe
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikako Yoshida
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Satoh
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Manabe
- Department of Hematology, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takafumi Nakao
- Department of Hematology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Uchibori
- Division of Immuno-Gene & Cell Therapy (Takara Bio), Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiya Ozawa
- Division of Immuno-Gene & Cell Therapy (Takara Bio), Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seitaro Terakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan
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Abstract
Perhaps because they are such commonly used tools, many researchers view antibodies one-dimensionally: Antibody Y binds antigen X. Although few techniques require a comprehensive understanding of any particular antibody's characteristics, well-executed experiments do require a basic appreciation of what is known and, equally as important, what is not known about the antibody being used. Ignorance of the relevant antibody characteristics critical for a particular assay can easily lead to loss of precious resources (time, money, and limiting amounts of sample) and, in worst-case scenarios, erroneous conclusions. Here, we describe various antibody characteristics to provide a more well-rounded perspective of these critical reagents. With this information, it will be easier to make informed decisions on how best to choose and use the available antibodies, as well as knowing when it is essential and how to determine a particular as yet-undefined characteristic.
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Li C, Jin W, Du T, Wu B, Liu Y, Shattock RJ, Hu Q. Binding of HIV-1 virions to α4β 7 expressing cells and impact of antagonizing α4β 7 on HIV-1 infection of primary CD4+ T cells. Virol Sin 2014; 29:381-92. [PMID: 25527342 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is reported to interact with α4β7, an integrin mediating the homing of lymphocytes to gut-associated lymphoid tissue, but the significance of α4β7 in HIV-1 infection remains controversial. Here, using HIV-1 strain BaL, the gp120 of which was previously shown to be capable of interacting with α4β7, we demonstrated that α4β7 can mediate the binding of whole HIV-1 virions to α4β7-expressing transfectants. We further constructed a cell line stably expressing α4β7 and confirmed the α4β7-mediated HIV-1 binding. In primary lymphocytes with activated α4β7 expression, we also observed significant virus binding which can be inhibited by an anti-α4β7 antibody. Moreover, we investigated the impact of antagonizing α4β7 on HIV-1 infection of primary CD4(+) T cells. In α4β7-activated CD4(+) T cells, both anti-α4β7 antibodies and introduction of short-hairpin RNAs specifically targeting α4β7 resulted in a decreased HIV-1 infection. Our findings indicate that α4β7 may serve as an attachment factor at least for some HIV-1 strains. The established approach provides a promising means for the investigation of other viral strains to understand the potential roles of α4β7 in HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Liu J, Fu T, Peng B, Sun H, Chu H, Li G, Chen J. The hydrophobic contacts between the center of the βI domain and the α1/α7 helices are crucial for the low-affinity state of integrin α4 β7. FEBS J 2014; 281:2915-26. [PMID: 24802248 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Integrin α4 β7 mediates both rolling and firm adhesion of lymphocytes by modulating its affinity to the ligand: mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1). Integrin activation is associated with allosteric reshaping in the β subunit I (βI) domain. A prominently conformational change comprises displacement of the α1 and α7 helices in the βI domain, suggesting that the location of these helices is important for the change in integrin affinity. In the present study, we report that the hydrophobic contacts between the center of the β7 I domain and the α1/α7 helices play critical roles in keeping α4 β7 in a low-affinity state. Using molecular dynamics simulation, we identified nine hydrophobic residues that might be involved in the critical hydrophobic contacts maintaining integrin in a low-affinity state. Integrin β7 I domain exhibited a lower binding free energy for ligand after disrupting these hydrophobic contacts by substituting the hydrophobic residues with Ala. Moreover, these α4 β7 mutants not only showed high-affinity binding to soluble MAdCAM-1, but also demonstrated firm cell adhesion to immobilized MAdCAM-1 in shear flow and enhanced the strength of the α4 β7 -MAdCAM-1 interaction. Disruption of the hydrophobic contacts also induced the active conformation of α4 β7 . Thus, the findings obtained in the present study reveal an important structural basis for the low-affinity state of integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Zhang K, Pan Y, Qi J, Yue J, Zhang M, Xu C, Li G, Chen J. Disruption of disulfide-restriction at integrin knees induces activation and ligand-independent signaling of α4β7. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5030-41. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.134528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of integrin activation and signaling plays critical roles in cell adhesion, spreading, and migration. Here, we report that selective breakage of two conserved disulfide bonds located at the knees of integrin, α4C589–C594 and β7C494–C526, induced α4β7 activation. This activated α4β7 had a unique structure different from the typical extended conformation of active integrin. In addition, these activated α4β7 integrins spontaneously clustered on the cell membrane and triggered integrin downstream signaling independent of ligand binding. Although these disulfide bonds were not broken during α4β7 activation by inside-out signaling or Mn2+, they could be specifically reduced by 0.1 mM dithiothreitol, a reducing strength that could be produced in vivo under certain conditions. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of integrin activation under specific reducing conditions by which integrin can signal and promote cell spreading in the absence of ligand.
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