1
|
Verma S, Moreno IY, Prinholato da Silva C, Sun M, Cheng X, Gesteira TF, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Endogenous TSG-6 modulates corneal inflammation following chemical injury. Ocul Surf 2024; 32:26-38. [PMID: 38151073 PMCID: PMC11056311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is upregulated in various pathophysiological contexts, where it has a diverse repertoire of immunoregulatory functions. Herein, we investigated the expression and function of TSG-6 during corneal homeostasis and after injury. METHODS Human corneas, eyeballs from BALB/c (TSG-6+/+), TSG-6+/- and TSG-6-/- mice, human immortalized corneal epithelial cells and murine corneal epithelial progenitor cells were prepared for immunostaining and real time PCR analysis of endogenous expression of TSG-6. Mice were subjected to unilateral corneal debridement or alkali burn (AB) injuries and wound healing assessed over time using fluorescein stain, in vivo confocal microscopy and histology. RESULTS TSG-6 is endogenously expressed in the human and mouse cornea and established corneal epithelial cell lines and is upregulated after injury. A loss of TSG-6 has no structural and functional effect in the cornea during homeostasis. No differences were noted in the rate of corneal epithelial wound closure between BALB/c, TSG-6+/- and TSG-6-/- mice. TSG-6-/- mice presented decreased inflammatory response within the first 24 h of injury and accelerated corneal wound healing following AB when compared to control mice. CONCLUSION TSG-6 is endogenously expressed in the cornea and upregulated after injury where it propagates the inflammatory response following chemical injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Isabel Y Moreno
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Mingxia Sun
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tarsis F Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moreno IY, Parsaie A, Gesteira TF, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Characterization of the Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Niche. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:48. [PMID: 37906057 PMCID: PMC10619699 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) reside within a LSC niche (LSCN). We recently identified that hyaluronan (HA) is a major constituent of the LSCN, and that HA is necessary for maintaining LESCs in the "stem cell" state, both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we characterized the LSCN to identify key components of the HA-specific LSCN. Methods The cornea and limbal rim were dissected from mouse corneas, subjected to mRNA extraction, and sequenced using a NextSeq 500 (Illumina) and data processed using CLC Genomics Workbench 20 (Qiagen) and the STRING database to identify key components of the LSCN. Their expression was confirmed by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the differential expression of key compounds in different corneal cell types were determined with single-cell RNA sequencing. Results We identified that the hyaladherins inter-alpha-inhibitor (IαI), TSG-6 and versican are highly expressed in the limbus. Specifically, HA/HC complexes are present in the LSCN, in the stroma underlying the limbal epithelium, and surrounding the limbal vasculature. For IαI, heavy chains 5 and 2 (HC5 and HC2) were found to be the most highly expressed HCs in the mouse and human limbus and were associate with HA-forming HA/HC-specific matrices. Conclusions The LSCN contains HA/HC complexes, which have been previously correlated with stem cell niches. The identification of HA/HC complexes in the LSCN could serve as a new therapeutic avenue for treating corneal pathology. Additionally, HA/HC complexes could be used as a substrate for culturing LESCs before LESC transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Y. Moreno
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Arian Parsaie
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
- College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Tarsis F. Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Albtoush N, Queisser KA, Zawerton A, Lauer ME, Beswick EJ, Petrey AC. TSG6 hyaluronan matrix remodeling dampens the inflammatory response during colitis. Matrix Biol 2023; 121:149-166. [PMID: 37391162 PMCID: PMC10530565 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In response to tissue injury, changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) can directly affect the inflammatory response and contribute to disease progression or resolution. During inflammation, the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) becomes modified by tumor necrosis factor stimulated gene-6 (TSG6). TSG6 covalently transfers heavy chain (HC) proteins from inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) to HA in a transesterification reaction and is to date is the only known HC-transferase. By modifying the HA matrix, TSG6 generates HC:HA complexes that are implicated in mediating both protective and pathological responses. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong chronic disorder with well-described remodeling of the ECM and increased mononuclear leukocyte influx into the intestinal mucosa. Deposition of HC:HA matrices is an early event in inflamed gut tissue that precedes and promotes leukocyte infiltration. However, the mechanisms by which TSG6 contributes to intestinal inflammation are not well understood. The aim of our study was to understand how the TSG6 and its enzymatic activity contributes to the inflammatory response in colitis. Our findings indicate that inflamed tissues of IBD patients show an elevated level of TSG6 and increased HC deposition and that levels of HA strongly associate with TSG6 levels in patient colon tissue specimens. Additionally, we observed that mice lacking TSG6 are more vulnerable to acute colitis and exhibit an aggravated macrophage-associated mucosal immune response characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and diminished anti-inflammatory mediators including IL-10. Surprisingly, along with significantly increased levels of inflammation in the absence of TSG6, tissue HA levels in mice were found to be significantly reduced and disorganized, absent of typical "HA-cable" structures. Inhibition of TSG6 HC-transferase activity leads to a loss of cell surface HA and leukocyte adhesion, indicating that the enzymatic functions of TSG6 are a major contributor to stability of the HA ECM during inflammation. Finally, using biochemically generated HC:HA matrices derived by TSG6, we show that HC:HA complexes can attenuate the inflammatory response of activated monocytes. In conclusion, our data suggests that TSG6 exerts a tissue-protective, anti-inflammatory effect via the generation of HC:HA complexes that become dysregulated in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nansy Albtoush
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112; Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kimberly A Queisser
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112; Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ash Zawerton
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mark E Lauer
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Aaron C Petrey
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112; Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thada RR, Debata M, Mandal S, Gunasekaran D, Mohan VD, Chandrasekaran N, Sivagnanam UT. In vitro and Ex vivo characterization of nanonized amniotic membrane particles: An untapped modality for ocular surface reconstruction. Exp Eye Res 2023; 231:109471. [PMID: 37086963 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The pristine Human Amniotic Membrane (HAM) has portrayed outstanding potential as scaffold for ocular surface reconstruction and regeneration. However, in treatment procedures where the supporting membrane matrix of HAM is not obligatory and only the bioactive molecules are vital, the surgical practise of HAM grafting causes redundant trauma and economic burden to the patient. Hence, in our laboratory we have attempted to break down HAM to nanoscale particles and validate its potential as a competent ocular therapeutic agent; by conducting a comparative analysis between the fresh, lyophilized, micronized and Nanonized Amniotic Membrane (NAM) particles. Our results evidently showcased that the prepared NAM particles was <100 nm and the major biomolecules such as collagen and hyaluronic acid were well retained. Further, the NAM particles eluted significantly higher amounts of proteins and growth factors while maintaining its stability and isotonicity when stored at 4 °C. Its biostability was assayed in the presence of lysozyme enzyme. Its remarkable ability to promote cell proliferation in rabbit corneal cells and negative cytotoxicity is an added advantage for ocular application. The ocular biocompatibility of NAM, evaluated by the ex vivo assessment of corneal thickness, transparency, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and corneal permeability clearly indicated its suitability for ophthalmic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajeshwari Thada
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India; Department of Leather Technology, (Housed at CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute), Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India.
| | - Mayadhar Debata
- Advanced Materials Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Shuvam Mandal
- Advanced Materials Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Deebasuganya Gunasekaran
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India; Department of Leather Technology, (Housed at CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute), Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India.
| | - Vimala Devi Mohan
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India; Department of Leather Technology, (Housed at CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute), Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Santo C, La Russa D, Greco R, Persico A, Zanaboni AM, Bagetta G, Amantea D. Characterization of the Involvement of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α-Stimulated Gene 6 (TSG-6) in Ischemic Brain Injury Caused by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065800. [PMID: 36982872 PMCID: PMC10051687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel targets to modulate the immune response triggered by cerebral ischemia is crucial to promote the development of effective stroke therapeutics. Since tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6), a hyaluronate (HA)-binding protein, is involved in the regulation of immune and stromal cell functions in acute neurodegeneration, we aimed to characterize its involvement in ischemic stroke. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (1 h MCAo, followed by 6 to 48 of reperfusion) in mice resulted in a significant elevation in cerebral TSG-6 protein levels, mainly localized in neurons and myeloid cells of the lesioned hemisphere. These myeloid cells were clearly infiltrating from the blood, strongly suggesting that brain ischemia also affects TSG-6 in the periphery. Accordingly, TSG-6 mRNA expression was elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients 48 h after ischemic stroke onset, and TSG-6 protein expression was higher in the plasma of mice subjected to 1 h MCAo followed by 48 h of reperfusion. Surprisingly, plasma TSG-6 levels were reduced in the acute phase (i.e., within 24 h of reperfusion) when compared to sham-operated mice, supporting the hypothesis of a detrimental role of TSG-6 in the early reperfusion stage. Accordingly, systemic acute administration of recombinant mouse TSG-6 increased brain levels of the M2 marker Ym1, providing a significant reduction in the brain infarct volume and general neurological deficits in mice subjected to transient MCAo. These findings suggest a pivotal role of TSG-6 in ischemic stroke pathobiology and underscore the clinical relevance of further investigating the mechanisms underlying its immunoregulatory role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Santo
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Daniele La Russa
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Rosaria Greco
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, PV, Italy
| | | | | | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Diana Amantea
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
La Russa D, Di Santo C, Lizasoain I, Moraga A, Bagetta G, Amantea D. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α-Stimulated Gene 6 (TSG-6): A Promising Immunomodulatory Target in Acute Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021162. [PMID: 36674674 PMCID: PMC9865344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6), the first soluble chemokine-binding protein to be identified in mammals, inhibits chemotaxis and transendothelial migration of neutrophils and attenuates the inflammatory response of dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, and T cells. This immunoregulatory protein is a pivotal mediator of the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) in diverse pathological conditions, including neuroinflammation. However, TSG-6 is also constitutively expressed in some tissues, such as the brain and spinal cord, and is generally upregulated in response to inflammation in monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, astrocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Due to its ability to modulate sterile inflammation, TSG-6 exerts protective effects in diverse degenerative and inflammatory diseases, including brain disorders. Emerging evidence provides insights into the potential use of TSG-6 as a peripheral diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker, especially in the context of ischemic stroke, whereby the pathobiological relevance of this protein has also been demonstrated in patients. Thus, in this review, we will discuss the most recent data on the involvement of TSG-6 in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly focusing on relevant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Furthermore, we will examine evidence suggesting novel therapeutic opportunities that can be afforded by modulating TSG-6-related pathways in neuropathological contexts and, most notably, in stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Santo
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Moraga
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Diana Amantea
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ning Y, Zhang P, Zhang F, Chen S, Liu Y, Chen F, Wu Y, Li S, Wang C, Gong Y, Hu M, Huang R, Zhao H, Guo X, Wang X, Yang L. Abnormal expression of TSG-6 disturbs extracellular matrix homeostasis in chondrocytes from endemic osteoarthritis. Front Genet 2022; 13:1064565. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1064565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a unique endemic osteochondropathy with unclear pathogenesis in China. T-2 toxin exposure has been identified as a significant risk factor of KBD. However, the mechanism of articular cartilage damage induced by T-2 toxin is a conundrum. We explored the role of the extracellular matrix-related gene TSG-6 in the articular chondrocyte damage process under the exposure of HT-2 toxin.Methods: TSG-6 was identified as a candidate gene by mining our previous gene expression profiling of KBD and verified by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Then, TSG-6 was silenced by RNA interference technology and overexpressed induction by TNF-α. Gradient concentrations of HT-2 toxin were added to intervene with C28/I2 chondrocytes. MTT was used to observe the proliferation and cell viability of chondrocytes, and qRT-PCR was utilized to detect the expression changes of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, COL2A1, and proteoglycan before and after treatments for verification.Results: TSG-6 was upregulated in KBD chondrocytes at the mRNA level and upregulated in the superficial, middle, and deep zones of KBD cartilage. After TSG-6 silencing, the expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, and proteoglycan was significantly decreased while COL2A1 expression was significantly increased, which was reversed after the overexpression of TSG-6 induced by TNF-α (p < 0.05). The survival rate of chondrocytes was correspondingly reduced with an increase in the HT-2 toxin concentration. Compared with the blank control group, the expression of MMPs was increased in the intervention group of HT-2 toxin, while the expression of proteoglycan and COL2A1 decreased (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The upregulation of the TSG-6 gene may play a role in promoting the damage and degradation of the extracellular matrix in KBD chondrocytes under the exposure of HT-2 toxin.
Collapse
|
8
|
Allografts for Skin Closure during In Utero Spina Bifida Repair in a Sheep Model. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214928. [PMID: 34768448 PMCID: PMC8584988 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Use of off-label tissue graft materials, such as acellular dermal matrix (ADM), for in utero repair of severe spina bifida (SB), where primary skin layer closure is not possible, is associated with poor neurological outcomes. The cryopreserved human umbilical cord (HUC) patch has regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-scarring properties, and provides watertight SB repair. We tested the hypothesis that the HUC is a superior skin patch to ADM for reducing inflammation at the repair site and preserving spinal cord function. Methods: In timed-pregnant ewes with twins, on gestational day (GD) 75, spina bifida was created without a myelotomy (functional model). On GD 95, repair was performed using HUC vs. ADM patches (randomly assigned) by suturing them to the skin edges. Additionally, full thickness skin closure as a primary skin closure (PSC) served as a positive control. Delivery was performed on GD 140, followed by blinded to treatment neurological assessments of the lambs using the Texas Spinal Cord Injury Scale (TSCIS) for gait, proprioception, and nociception. Lambs without spina bifida were used as controls (CTL). Ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging of spines at the repair site were performed, followed by quantitative pathological assessments. Histological assessments (blinded) included Masson’s trichrome, and immunofluorescence for myeloperoxidase (MPO; neutrophils) and for reactive astrocytes (inflammation) by co-staining vimentin and GFAP. Results: The combined hind limbs’ TSCIS was significantly higher in the HUC group than in ADM and PSC groups, p = 0.007. Both ADM and PSC groups exhibited loss of proprioception and mild to moderate ataxia compared to controls. MRI showed increased pathological findings in the PSC group when compared to the HUC group, p = 0.045. Histologically, the meningeal layer was thickened (inflammation) by 2–3 fold in ADM and PSC groups when compared to HUC and CTL groups, p = 0.01. There was lower MPO positive cells in the HUC group than in the ADM group, p = 0.018. Posterior column astrocyte activation was increased in ADM and PSC lambs compared to HUC lambs, p = 0.03. Conclusion: The HUC as a skin patch for in utero spina bifida repair preserves spinal cord function by reducing underlying inflammation when compared to ADM.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang G, He Y, Liu Y, Du Y, Yang C, Gao F. Reduced hyaluronan cross-linking induces breast cancer malignancy in a CAF-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:586. [PMID: 34099638 PMCID: PMC8184848 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) cross-linking is a conformational state of HA, a covalent complex between HA and heavy chains (HCs) from inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (I-α-I) mediated by tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 6 (TSG6). Cross-linked HA has been identified as a protective factor in physiological and inflammatory conditions. However, the state of HA cross-linking in tumor microenvironment has not been fully elucidated. As a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), HA is mainly synthesized by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Our study aimed to clarify the role of HA cross-linking in breast cancer malignancy. Compared to normal mammary gland tissues, cross-linked HA levels were significantly decreased in breast cancer and associated with tumor malignancy. When NFbs were activated into CAFs, the levels of cross-linked HA and TSG6 were both suppressed. Through upregulating TSG6, CAFs restored the high level of cross-linked HA and significantly inhibited breast cancer malignancy, whereas NFbs promoted the malignancy when the cross-linked HA level was reduced. Furthermore, the inhibitory role of HA cross-linking in tumor malignancy was directly verified using the synthesized HA-HC complex. Collectively, our study found that the deficiency of cross-linked HA induced breast cancer malignancy in a CAF-dependent manner, suggesting that recovering HA cross-linking may be a potential therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen SY, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Hsu D, Tseng SCG. HC-HA/PTX3 from amniotic membrane reverts senescent limbal niche cells to Pax6+ neural crest progenitors to support limbal epithelial progenitors. Stem Cells 2021; 39:280-295. [PMID: 33373496 PMCID: PMC7986837 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quiescence and self‐renewal of human corneal epithelial progenitor/stem cells (LEPC) are regulated by the limbal niche, presumably through close interaction with limbal (stromal) niche cells (LNC). Paired box homeotic gene 6 (Pax6), a conserved transcription factor essential for eye development, is essential for proper differentiation of limbal and corneal epithelial stem cells. Pax6 haploinsufficiency causes limbal stem cell deficiency, which leads to subsequent corneal blindness. We previously reported that serial passage of nuclear Pax6+ LNC resulted in the gradual loss of nuclear Pax6+ and neural crest progenitor status, the latter of which was reverted upon recovery of Pax6. These findings suggest Pax6 plays a pivotal role in supporting the self‐renewal of LEPC in limbal niche. Herein, we show that HC‐HA/PTX3, a unique matrix purified from amniotic membrane (AM) and consists of heavy chain 1of inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor covalently linked to hyaluronic acid and complexed with pentraxin 3, is capable of reverting senescent LNC to nuclear Pax6+ neural crest progenitors that support self‐renewal of LEPC. Such reversion is causally linked to early cell aggregation mediated by activation of C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)‐mediated signaling followed by activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Furthermore, CXCR4‐mediated signaling, but not BMP signaling, controls recovery of the nuclear Pax6+ neural crest progenitors. These findings not only explain why AM helps in vivo and ex vivo expansion of human LEPC, but they also illuminate the potential role of HC‐HA/PTX3 as a surrogate matrix niche that complements stem cell‐based therapies in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yu Chen
- R&D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yingting Zhu
- R&D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- R&D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - David Hsu
- R&D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tseng SCG, Chen SY, Mead OG, Tighe S. Niche regulation of limbal epithelial stem cells: HC-HA/PTX3 as surrogate matrix niche. Exp Eye Res 2020; 199:108181. [PMID: 32795525 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of the corneal epithelium is ultimately maintained by stem cells that reside in a specialized microenvironment within the corneal limbus termed palisades of Vogt. This limbal niche nourishes, protects, and regulates quiescence, self-renewal, and fate decision of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPCs) toward corneal epithelial differentiation. This review focuses on our current understanding of the mechanism by which limbal (stromal) niche cells (LNCs) regulate the aforementioned functions of LEPCs. Based on our discovery and characterization of a unique extracellular matrix termed HC-HA/PTX3 (Heavy chain (HC1)-hyaluronan (HA)/pentraxin 3 (PTX3) complex, "-" denotes covalent linkage; "/" denotes non-covalent binding) in the birth tissue, i.e., amniotic membrane and umbilical cord, we put forth a new paradigm that HC-HA/PTX3 serves as a surrogate matrix niche by maintaining the in vivo nuclear Pax6+ neural crest progenitor phenotype to support quiescence and self-renewal but prevent corneal fate decision of LEPCs. This new paradigm helps explain how limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) develops in aniridia due to Pax6-haplotype deficiency and further explains why transplantation of HC-HA/PTX3-containing amniotic membrane prevents LSCD in acute chemical burns and Stevens Johnson syndrome, augments the success of autologous LEPCs transplantation in patients suffering from partial or total LSCD, and assists ex vivo expansion (engineering) of a graft containing LEPCs. We thus envisage that this new paradigm based on regenerative matrix HC-HA/PTX3 as a surrogate niche can set a new standard for regenerative medicine in and beyond ophthalmology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scheffer C G Tseng
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA; Ocular Surface Center and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33126, USA.
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA
| | - Olivia G Mead
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lord MS, Melrose J, Day AJ, Whitelock JM. The Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Family: Versatile Molecules in Biology and Pathology. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:907-927. [PMID: 32639183 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420940067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) family members are ancient and unique molecules that have evolved over several hundred million years of vertebrate evolution. IαI is a complex containing the proteoglycan bikunin to which heavy chain proteins are covalently attached to the chondroitin sulfate chain. Besides its matrix protective activity through protease inhibitory action, IαI family members interact with extracellular matrix molecules and most notably hyaluronan, inhibit complement, and provide cell regulatory functions. Recent evidence for the diverse roles of the IαI family in both biology and pathology is reviewed and gives insight into their pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis. In addition, the clinical uses of these molecules are explored, such as in the treatment of inflammatory conditions including sepsis and Kawasaki disease, which has recently been associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Northern, Sydney University, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John M Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Stem Cell Extracellular Matrix & Glycobiology, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mann LK, Won JH, Trenton NJ, Garnett J, Snowise S, Fletcher SA, Tseng SCG, Diehl MR, Papanna R. Cryopreserved human umbilical cord versus acellular dermal matrix patches for in utero fetal spina bifida repair in a pregnant rat model. J Neurosurg Spine 2020; 32:321-331. [PMID: 31675701 DOI: 10.3171/2019.7.spine19468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite significant improvement in spinal cord function after in utero spina bifida (SB) repair compared with traditional postnatal repair, over half of the children who undergo this procedure do not benefit completely. This lack of benefit has been attributed to closure methods of the defect, with subsequent spinal cord tethering at the repair site. Hence, a regenerative patch or material with antiinflammatory and anti-scarring properties may alleviate comorbidities with improved outcomes. The authors' primary objective was therefore to compare cryopreserved human umbilical cord (HUC) versus acellular dermal matrix (ADM) patches for regenerative repair of in utero SB lesions in an animal model. METHODS In vivo studies were conducted in retinoic acid-induced SB defects in fetuses of Sprague-Dawley rats. HUC or ADM patches were sutured over the SB defects at a gestational age of 20 days. Repaired SB defect tissues were harvested after 48-52 hours. Tissue sections were immunofluorescently stained for the presence of neutrophils, macrophages, keratinocytes, meningeal cells, and astrocytes and for any associated apoptosis. In vitro meningeal or keratinocyte cell coculture experiments with the ADM and HUC patches were performed. All experiments were scored quantitatively in a blinded manner. RESULTS Neutrophil counts and apoptotic cells were lower in the HUC-based repair group (n = 8) than in the ADM patch repair group (n = 7). In the HUC patch repair group, keratinocytes were present on the outer surface of the patch, meningeal cells were present on the inner surface of the patch adjacent to the neural placode, and astrocytes were noted to be absent. In the ADM patch repair group, all 3 cell types were present on both surfaces of the patch. In vitro studies showed that human meningeal cells grew preferentially on the mesenchymal side of the HUC patch, whereas keratinocytes showed tropism for the epithelial side, suggesting an inherent HUC-based cell polarity. In contrast, the ADM patch studies showed no polarity and decreased cellular infiltration. CONCLUSIONS The HUC patch demonstrated reduced acute inflammation and apoptosis together with superior organization in regenerative cellular growth when compared with the ADM patch, and is therefore likely the better patch material for in utero SB defect repair. These properties may make the HUC biomaterial useful as a "meningeal patch" during spinal cord surgeries, thereby potentially reducing tethering and improving on spinal cord function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lovepreet K Mann
- 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UTHealth The University of Texas McGovern Medical School and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston
| | - Jong H Won
- 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UTHealth The University of Texas McGovern Medical School and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston
| | | | - Jeannine Garnett
- 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UTHealth The University of Texas McGovern Medical School and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston
| | - Saul Snowise
- 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UTHealth The University of Texas McGovern Medical School and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston
| | - Stephen A Fletcher
- 3Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Pediatric Surgery, UTHealth The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas; and
| | | | | | - Ramesha Papanna
- 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UTHealth The University of Texas McGovern Medical School and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fang Z, Chen H, Teng W, Qiu P, Yu X, Luo C, Zhu Y, You Y, Fu Q, Ji J, Wang B, Yao K. Systemic Transplantation of Eyelid Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells for Antifibrotic Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fang
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Wenqi Teng
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Peijin Qiu
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Xiaoning Yu
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Chenqi Luo
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Yongsheng You
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
- Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang UniversityEye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Briggs DC, Langford-Smith AWW, Birchenough HL, Jowitt TA, Kielty CM, Enghild JJ, Baldock C, Milner CM, Day AJ. Inter-α-inhibitor heavy chain-1 has an integrin-like 3D structure mediating immune regulatory activities and matrix stabilization during ovulation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5278-5291. [PMID: 32144206 PMCID: PMC7170535 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-α-inhibitor is a proteoglycan essential for mammalian reproduction and also plays a less well-characterized role in inflammation. It comprises two homologous "heavy chains" (HC1 and HC2) covalently attached to chondroitin sulfate on the bikunin core protein. Before ovulation, HCs are transferred onto the polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) to form covalent HC·HA complexes, thereby stabilizing an extracellular matrix around the oocyte required for fertilization. Additionally, such complexes form during inflammatory processes and mediate leukocyte adhesion in the synovial fluids of arthritis patients and protect against sepsis. Here using X-ray crystallography, we show that human HC1 has a structure similar to integrin β-chains, with a von Willebrand factor A domain containing a functional metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) and an associated hybrid domain. A comparison of the WT protein and a variant with an impaired MIDAS (but otherwise structurally identical) by small-angle X-ray scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that HC1 self-associates in a cation-dependent manner, providing a mechanism for HC·HA cross-linking and matrix stabilization. Surprisingly, unlike integrins, HC1 interacted with RGD-containing ligands, such as fibronectin, vitronectin, and the latency-associated peptides of transforming growth factor β, in a MIDAS/cation-independent manner. However, HC1 utilizes its MIDAS motif to bind to and inhibit the cleavage of complement C3, and small-angle X-ray scattering-based modeling indicates that this occurs through the inhibition of the alternative pathway C3 convertase. These findings provide detailed structural and functional insights into HC1 as a regulator of innate immunity and further elucidate the role of HC·HA complexes in inflammation and ovulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Briggs
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander W W Langford-Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Holly L Birchenough
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Jowitt
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Cay M Kielty
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline M Milner
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tighe S, Mead OG, Lee A, Tseng SCG. Basic science review of birth tissue uses in ophthalmology. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2020; 10:3-12. [PMID: 32309118 PMCID: PMC7158924 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The birth tissue is predominantly comprised of amniotic membrane (AM) and umbilical cord (UC), which share the same cell origin as the fetus. These versatile biological tissues have been used to treat a wide range of conjunctival and corneal conditions since 1940. The therapeutic benefits of the birth tissue stem from its anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring properties that orchestrate regenerative healing. Although the birth tissue also contains many cytokines, growth factors, and proteins, the heavy chain 1-hyaluronic acid/pentraxin 3 (HC-HA/PTX3) matrix has been identified to be a major active tissue component responsible for AM/UC's multifactorial therapeutic actions. HC-HA/PTX3 complex is abundantly present in fresh and cryopreserved AM/UC, but not in dehydrated tissue. In this review, we discuss the tissue anatomy, the molecular mechanism of action based on HC-HA/ PTX3 to explain their therapeutic potentials, and the various forms available in ophthalmology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Tighe
- R&D Department, TissueTech Inc., Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Amy Lee
- R&D Department, TissueTech Inc., Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Scheffer C. G. Tseng
- R&D Department, TissueTech Inc., Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocular Surface Center and Ocular Surface Research Education Foundation, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Spinelli FM, Vitale DL, Icardi A, Caon I, Brandone A, Giannoni P, Saturno V, Passi A, García M, Sevic I, Alaniz L. Hyaluronan preconditioning of monocytes/macrophages affects their angiogenic behavior and regulation of TSG-6 expression in a tumor type-specific manner. FEBS J 2019; 286:3433-3449. [PMID: 31044513 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a glycosaminoglycan normally present in the extracellular matrix in most tissues. Hyaluronan is a crucial player in many processes associated with cancer, such as angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, little has been reported regarding the action of hyaluronan on monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MØ) in tumor angiogenesis and its consequences on tumor development. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hyaluronan of different sizes on human Mo/MØ angiogenic behavior in colorectal and breast carcinoma. In vitro, the treatment of Mo/MØ with lysates and conditioned media from a breast but not from colorectal carcinoma cell line plus high-molecular weight hyaluronan induced: (a) an increased expression of angiogenic factors VEGF, IL-8, FGF-2, and MMP-2, (b) an increased endothelial cell migration, and (c) a differential expression of hyaluronan-binding protein TSG-6. Similar results were observed in Mo/MØ derived from breast cancer patients treated with tumor lysates. Besides, macrophages primed with high-molecular weight hyaluronan and inoculated in human breast cancer xenograft tumor increased blood vessel formation and diminished TSG-6 levels. In contrast, the effects triggered by high-molecular weight hyaluronan on Mo/MØ in breast cancer context were not observed in the context of colorectal carcinoma. Taken together, these results indicate that the effect of high-molecular weight hyaluronan as an inductor of the angiogenic behavior of macrophages in breast tumor context is in part consequence of the presence of TSG-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella M Spinelli
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA, UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
| | - Daiana L Vitale
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA, UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
| | - Antonella Icardi
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA, UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
| | - Ilaria Caon
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italia
| | - Alejandra Brandone
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr. Abraham F. Piñeyro, Junín, Argentina
| | | | - Virginia Saturno
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr. Abraham F. Piñeyro, Junín, Argentina
| | - Alberto Passi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italia
| | - Mariana García
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, IIMT - CONICET, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
| | - Ina Sevic
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA, UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
| | - Laura Alaniz
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA, UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bemenderfer TB, Anderson RB, Odum SM, Davis WH. Effects of Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane-Umbilical Cord Allograft on Total Ankle Arthroplasty Wound Healing. J Foot Ankle Surg 2019; 58:97-102. [PMID: 30583786 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Relatively high rates of wound healing complications continue to be reported with a total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) anterior incision. The amniotic membrane-umbilical cord (AM-UC) allograft is a regenerative orthobiologic adjunct that modulates wound healing by down-regulating inflammation, enhancing local healing and antimicrobial factors, and reducing scar formation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether local application of a cryopreserved AM-UC allograft enhances soft tissue healing after TAA. A total of 104 patients with symptomatic ankle arthritis who failed conservative management underwent standard TAA. At skin closure, patients were allocated to either the treatment (local application of AM-UC) or control (no allograft) group. Demographic data, patient comorbidities, and radiographic findings were collected. The primary outcome was a major complication necessitating reoperation. Secondary outcomes were time to healing, minor complications (i.e., skin dehiscence, local wound care, use of antibiotics), and patient scar assessment. Local application of an AM-UC allograft significantly decreased the overall time to skin healing (28.5 days vs 40 days; p = .03). Two patients required a reoperation for soft tissue wound complications, with no difference (p = 1.00) between the groups. No statistically significant difference was detected in terms of skin dehiscence, local wound care, or antibiotic prescriptions in the 2 groups. Regenerative technology using local application of a cryopreserved AM-UC allograft may enhance TAA outcomes by decreasing the time to healing. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether an AM-UC allograft enhances soft tissue wound healing and ultimately reduces the incidence of devastating soft tissue complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Bemenderfer
- Resident Physician, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC.
| | | | - Susan M Odum
- Senior Research Scientist, OrthoCarolina Research Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - W Hodges Davis
- Surgeon, OrthoCarolina Foot & Ankle Institute, Charlotte, NC
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li X, Chen Z, Li X, Wang H. In vitro analysis of the role of tumor necrosis factor‑stimulated gene‑6 in keloid. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:919-926. [PMID: 30569148 PMCID: PMC6323212 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) has a key role in the progression of fibrosis; however, the exact effects of TSG-6 in keloid fibroblasts (KFs) remain unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of TSG-6 in the pathogenesis of keloids. Primary fibroblasts from 10 patients with keloid were cultured and transfected with pLVX-Puro or pLVX-Puro-TSG-6. Alterations of TSG-6 expression were then determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and regulation was observed in KFs transfected with pLVX-Puro-TSG-6. Compared with the control group, transfection with pLVX-Puro-TSG-6 induced growth suppression, cell apoptosis and G2/M arrest in KFs. In addition, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated in KFs transfected with pLVX-Puro-TSG-6. These findings indicate that TSG-6 is a novel regulator of keloid fibrogenesis, and thus could be used/targeted TSG-6 as a promising treatment for keloid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Adamowicz J, Van Breda S, Tyloch D, Pokrywczynska M, Drewa T. Application of amniotic membrane in reconstructive urology; the promising biomaterial worth further investigation. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 19:9-24. [PMID: 30521409 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1556255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In reconstructive urology, autologous tissues such as intestinal segments, skin, and oral mucosa are used. Due to their limitations, reconstructive urologists are waiting for a novel material, which would be suitable for urinary tract wall replacement. Human amniotic membrane (AM) is a naturally derived biomaterial with a capacity to support reepithelization and inhibit scar formation. AM has a potential to become a considerable asset for reconstructive urology, i.e., reconstruction of ureters, urinary bladder, and urethrae. Areas covered: This review aims to discuss the potential application of human AM in reconstructive urology. The environment for urinary tract healing is particularly unfavorable due to the presence of urine. Due to its fetal origin, the bioactivity of AM is orientated to induce intrinsic regeneration mechanisms and inhibit scarring. This review introduces the concept of applying human AM in reconstructive urology procedures to improve their outcomes and future tissue engineering based strategies. Expert opinion: Many fields of medicine that have accomplished translational research have proven the usefulness of AM in clinical practice. There is an urgent need for studies to be conducted on large animal models that might convincingly demonstrate the underestimated potential of AM to urologists around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Adamowicz
- a Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Shane Van Breda
- b Department of Biomedicine , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Dominik Tyloch
- a Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Marta Pokrywczynska
- a Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- a Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bell TJ, Brand OJ, Morgan DJ, Salek-Ardakani S, Jagger C, Fujimori T, Cholewa L, Tilakaratna V, Östling J, Thomas M, Day AJ, Snelgrove RJ, Hussell T. Defective lung function following influenza virus is due to prolonged, reversible hyaluronan synthesis. Matrix Biol 2018; 80:14-28. [PMID: 29933044 PMCID: PMC6548309 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of viral infections on lung matrix despite its important contribution to mechanical stability and structural support. The composition of matrix also indirectly controls inflammation by influencing cell adhesion, migration, survival, proliferation and differentiation. Hyaluronan is a significant component of the lung extracellular matrix and production and degradation must be carefully balanced. We have discovered an imbalance in hyaluronan production following resolution of a severe lung influenza virus infection, driven by hyaluronan synthase 2 from epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Furthermore hyaluronan is complexed with inter-α-inhibitor heavy chains due to elevated TNF-stimulated gene 6 expression and sequesters CD44-expressing macrophages. We show that intranasal administration of exogenous hyaluronidase is sufficient to release inter-α-inhibitor heavy chains, reduce lung hyaluronan content and restore lung function. Hyaluronidase is already used to facilitate dispersion of co-injected materials in the clinic. It is therefore feasible that fibrotic changes following severe lung infection and inflammation could be overcome by targeting abnormal matrix production. Influenza causes prolonged changes in hyaluronan due to increased synthase activity Influenza induces persistent hyaluronan cross-linking by inter-alpha-inhibitor heavy chains Pockets of persistent hyaluronan are associated with CD44-expressing macrophages Digestion of hyaluronan with intranasal hyaluronidase restores lung function but upon cessation of treatment post-viral complications return
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Bell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK; Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David J Morgan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Samira Salek-Ardakani
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Toshifumi Fujimori
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Lauren Cholewa
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Viranga Tilakaratna
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jörgen Östling
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matt Thomas
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Day AJ, Milner CM. TSG-6: A multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective properties. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:60-83. [PMID: 29362135 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is an inflammation-associated secreted protein that has been implicated as having important and diverse tissue protective and anti-inflammatory properties, e.g. mediating many of the immunomodulatory and beneficial activities of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. TSG-6 is constitutively expressed in some tissues, which are either highly metabolically active or subject to challenges from the environment, perhaps providing protection in these contexts. The diversity of its functions are dependent on the binding of TSG-6 to numerous ligands, including matrix molecules such as glycosaminoglycans, as well as immune regulators and growth factors that themselves interact with these linear polysaccharides. It is becoming apparent that TSG-6 can directly affect matrix structure and modulate the way extracellular signalling molecules interact with matrix. In this review, we focus mainly on the literature for TSG-6 over the last 10 years, summarizing its expression, structure, ligand-binding properties, biological functions and highlighting TSG-6's potential as a therapeutic for a broad range of disease indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Caroline M Milner
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE To compare pain, physical/mental functional recovery and recurrent herniation for patients following lumbar microdiscectomy with and without the use of a cryopreserved amniotic tissue graft. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although microdiscectomy procedures are routinely successful for patients with lumbar radiculopathy due to herniated disc disease, residual low back pain, and recurrent herniation remain unsolved clinical problems. METHODS Following Investigated Review Board approval, 80 subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either receive cryopreserved amniotic (cAM) tissue or no tissue following elective lumbar microdiscectomy surgery. cAM grafts were applied to the annular defect at the conclusion of the procedure. Patients provided preoperative and postoperative clinical assessment data out to 24 months using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short Form-12 (SF-12) Health Survey, and Visual Analog Pain Scale for back and leg pain. Patients with symptomatic recurrent disc herniation were recorded. RESULTS In total, 48 males and 32 females with an average age of 47.2 years were included. Mean ODI scores for subjects treated with cAM graft demonstrated statistically greater improvement at 6 weeks (14.49 vs. 21.82; P=0.05) and 24 months (6.62 vs. 14.40; P=0.02) compared with controls. Similarly, SF-12 Physical Component Scores demonstrated statistically greater gains in the cAM group at both the 6 weeks and 24 months. None of the subjects in the cAM graft group sustained a recurrent herniation at the same surgical level, whereas 3 patients in the control group sustained a recurrent herniation at the same surgical level, with 2 requiring fusion to manage persistent pain. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate statistically superior clinical outcomes following lumbar microdiscectomy as measured by ODI and SF-12 (physical composite scale) and a lower rate of recurrent herniation with the use of a cAM tissue graft compared with traditional microdiscectomy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Human Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cells inhibit Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through TSG-6. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12426. [PMID: 28963485 PMCID: PMC5622031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cells obtained from human amniotic membrane (hAMSC) possess immunosuppressive functions through soluble factors such as prostanoids and proteins; thus, they have been proposed to ameliorate inflammatory processes. On the other hand, activated neutrophils are cells of the first line of immune defense that are able to release extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are formed of DNA and granular components; however, the excessive release of NETs is associated with the development of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we identified that conditioned medium (CM) from hAMSC was able to diminish NETs release, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial membrane potential from LPS-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils (BMN). Interestingly, NETs inhibition, ROS levels decrease and mitochondrial membrane potential loss were reverted when LPS-stimulated murine derived BMN were exposed to the CM from hAMSC transfected with TSG-6-siRNA. Finally, rhTSG6 was able to significantly diminish NETs release in BMN. These data suggest an inhibition mechanism of NETs ROS-dependent in which TSG-6 participates. Consequently, we propose the hAMSC use as a therapeutic candidate in the treatment of inflammatory diseases in which NETs are involved.
Collapse
|
25
|
Effect of Processing Intensity on Immunologically Active Bovine Milk Serum Proteins. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090963. [PMID: 28858242 PMCID: PMC5622723 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of raw cow’s milk instead of industrially processed milk has been reported to protect children from developing asthma, allergies, and respiratory infections. Several heat-sensitive milk serum proteins have been implied in this effect though unbiased assessment of milk proteins in general is missing. The aim of this study was to compare the native milk serum proteome between raw cow’s milk and various industrially applied processing methods, i.e., homogenization, fat separation, pasteurization, ultra-heat treatment (UHT), treatment for extended shelf-life (ESL), and conventional boiling. Each processing method was applied to the same three pools of raw milk. Levels of detectable proteins were quantified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry following filter aided sample preparation. In total, 364 milk serum proteins were identified. The 140 proteins detectable in 66% of all samples were entered in a hierarchical cluster analysis. The resulting proteomics pattern separated mainly as high (boiling, UHT, ESL) versus no/low heat treatment (raw, skimmed, pasteurized). Comparing these two groups revealed 23 individual proteins significantly reduced by heating, e.g., lactoferrin (log2-fold change = −0.37, p = 0.004), lactoperoxidase (log2-fold change = −0.33, p = 0.001), and lactadherin (log2-fold change = −0.22, p = 0.020). The abundance of these heat sensitive proteins found in higher quantity in native cow’s milk compared to heat treated milk, renders them potential candidates for protection from asthma, allergies, and respiratory infections.
Collapse
|
26
|
Corneal Nerve Regeneration after Self-Retained Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane in Dry Eye Disease. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:6404918. [PMID: 28894606 PMCID: PMC5574308 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6404918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of self-retained cryopreserved amniotic membrane (CAM) in promoting corneal nerve regeneration and improving corneal sensitivity in dry eye disease (DED). Methods In this prospective randomized clinical trial, subjects with DED were randomized to receive CAM (study group) or conventional maximum treatment (control). Changes in signs and symptoms, corneal sensitivity, topography, and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. Results Twenty subjects (age 66.9 ± 8.9) were enrolled and 17 completed all follow-up visits. Signs and symptoms were significantly improved in the study group yet remained constant in the control. IVCM showed a significant increase in corneal nerve density in the study group (12,241 ± 5083 μm/mm2 at baseline, 16,364 ± 3734 μm/mm2 at 1 month, and 18,827 ± 5453 μm/mm2 at 3 months, p = 0.015) but was unchanged in the control. This improvement was accompanied with a significant increase in corneal sensitivity (3.25 ± 0.6 cm at baseline, 5.2 ± 0.5 cm at 1 month, and 5.6 ± 0.4 cm at 3 months, p < 0.001) and corneal topography only in the study group. Conclusions Self-retained CAM is a promising therapy for corneal nerve regeneration and accelerated recovery of the ocular surface health in patients with DED. The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov with trial identifier: NCT02764814.
Collapse
|
27
|
Snowise S, Mann L, Morales Y, Moise KJ, Johnson A, Fletcher S, Grill RJ, Tseng SCG, Papanna R. Cryopreserved human umbilical cord versus biocellulose film for prenatal spina bifida repair in a physiologic rat model. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:473-481. [PMID: 28295455 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal spina bifida (SB) repair with a regenerative patch may improve neurological outcomes by decreasing inflammatory scarring. OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare cryopreserved human umbilical cord (HUC) and biocellulose film (BCF) patches sutured over SB lesions for regeneration of native cells and inflammatory response. STUDY DESIGN Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with retinoic acid (RA) on embryonic day 10 to induce SB. Hysterotomy was performed on embryonic day 20 and on HUC or BCF patches sutured over the defect. Pups were harvested 30 to 34 h later, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and Trichrome staining assessed basic cellular migration. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the exact nature of the cellular migration. Patches and surrounding exudates were evaluated with microscopy and cells quantified. RESULTS Histology showed cellular migration with all HUC patches compared with none with BCF patches. Epithelial cells were noted migrating over the dorsal HUC surface, astrocytes were noted along the HUC surface adjacent to the lesion, and endothelial cells were noted within the HUC. HUC patches showed minimal inflammatory cells. Exudates surrounding the HUC patches had fewer inflammatory cells than exudates around BCF patches. CONCLUSION HUC promotes cellular migration of native cells with minimal inflammatory response compared with BCF. HUC may be the superior patch material for prenatal SB repair. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saul Snowise
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lovepreet Mann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yisel Morales
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth J Moise
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Fletcher
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raymond J Grill
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Ramesha Papanna
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UTHealth School of Medicine and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
He H, Kuriyan AE, Su CW, Mahabole M, Zhang Y, Zhu YT, Flynn HW, Parel JM, Tseng SCG. Inhibition of Proliferation and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Heavy Chain-Hyaluronan/Pentraxin 3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43736. [PMID: 28252047 PMCID: PMC5333089 DOI: 10.1038/srep43736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is mediated by proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Because heavy chain-hyaluronic acid/pentraxin 3 (HC-HA/PTX3) purified from human amniotic membrane exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring actions, we hypothesized that HC-HA/PTX3 could inhibit these PVR-related processes in vitro. In this study, we first optimized an ARPE-19 cell culture model to mimic PVR by defining cell density, growth factors, and cultivation time. Using this low cell density culture model and HA as a control, we tested effects of HC-HA/PTX3 on the cell viability (cytotoxicity), proliferation (EGF + FGF-2) and EMT (TGF-β1). Furthermore, we determined effects of HC-HA/PTX3 on cell migration (EGF + FGF-2 + TGF-β1) and collagen gel contraction (TGF-β1). We found both HA and HC-HA/PTX3 were not toxic to unstimulated RPE cells. Only HC-HA/PTX3 dose-dependently inhibited proliferation and EMT of stimulated RPE cells by down-regulating Wnt (β-catenin, LEF1) and TGF-β (Smad2/3, collagen type I, α-SMA) signaling, respectively. Additionally, HA and HC-HA/PTX3 inhibited migration but only HC-HA/PTX3 inhibited collagen gel contraction. These results suggest HC-HA/PTX3 is a non-toxic, potent inhibitor of proliferation and EMT of RPE in vitro, and HC-HA/PTX3’s ability to inhibit PVR formation warrants evaluation in an animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33173, USA
| | - Ajay E Kuriyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | | | | | - Yuan Zhang
- Ocular Surface Center and Ocular Surface Research &Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33173, USA
| | | | - Harry W Flynn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Parel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Scheffer C G Tseng
- TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33173, USA.,Ocular Surface Center and Ocular Surface Research &Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33173, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ogawa Y, He H, Mukai S, Imada T, Nakamura S, Su CW, Mahabole M, Tseng SCG, Tsubota K. Heavy Chain-Hyaluronan/Pentraxin 3 from Amniotic Membrane Suppresses Inflammation and Scarring in Murine Lacrimal Gland and Conjunctiva of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42195. [PMID: 28165063 PMCID: PMC5292704 DOI: 10.1038/srep42195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Dry eye disease is the prominent ocular sequel of cGVHD and is caused by excessive inflammation and fibrosis in the lacrimal glands. Heavy chain-Hyaluronan/Pentraxin 3 (HC-HA/PTX3) is a complex purified from human amniotic membrane (AM) and known to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring actions. In this study, we utilized a mouse model of cGVHD to examine whether HC-HA/PTX3 could attenuate dry eye disease elicited by cGVHD. Our results indicated that subconjunctival and subcutaneous injection of HC-HA/PTX3 preserved tear secretion and conjunctival goblet cell density and mitigated inflammation and scarring of the conjunctiva. Such therapeutic benefits were associated with suppression of scarring and infiltration of inflammatory/immune cells in the lacrimal glands. Furthermore, HC-HA/PTX3 significantly reduced the extent of infiltration of CD45+ CD4+ IL-17+ cells, CD45+ CD34+ collagen I+ CXCR4+ fibrocytes, and HSP47+ activated fibroblasts that were accompanied by upregulation of collagen type Iα1, collagen type IIIα1 and NF-kB in lacrimal glands. Collectively, these pre-clinical data help prove the concept that subcutaneous and subconjunctival injection of HC-HA/PTX3 is a novel approach to prevent dry eye disease caused by cGVHD and allow us to test its safety and efficacy in future human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hua He
- TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL 33173, USA
| | - Shin Mukai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Imada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Raines AL, Shih MS, Chua L, Su CW, Tseng SCG, O'Connell J. Efficacy of Particulate Amniotic Membrane and Umbilical Cord Tissues in Attenuating Cartilage Destruction in an Osteoarthritis Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 23:12-19. [PMID: 27707109 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease, and to date, no disease-modifying OA drug exists. Amniotic membrane and umbilical cord products have been used clinically in several diseases due to their anti-inflammatory and antiscarring properties. In the present study, we sought to evaluate whether a particulate amniotic membrane and umbilical cord (AM/UC) matrix could aid in attenuating disease progression. Lewis rats underwent medial meniscus transection (MMT) to induce OA. Two weeks after surgery, animals received intra-articular injections (50 μL) of either 50 or 100 μg/μL particulate AM/UC or saline control and were subsequently euthanized 1 or 4 weeks later. Cartilage degeneration was assessed using both histological scoring methods and equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent-microcomputed tomography (EPIC-μCT). EPIC-μCT analysis demonstrated that overall cartilage destruction was attenuated, with a significant increase in both cartilage thickness and volume as well as a significant decrease in total lesion area in animals injected with either dose of particulate AM/UC at 1 week, but only a high dose at 4 weeks postinjection. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histology scores of tibial sections corroborated EPIC-μCT results. Overall joint destruction was attenuated in animals injected with either dose of AM/UC tissue compared with saline-injected control animals at 1 week postinjection. Only high-dose AM/UC-injected animals continued to show less overall joint destruction by 4 weeks postinjection. Intra-articular injection of particulate AM/UC tissue attenuates cartilage degradation in a rat MMT model of OA, suggesting that it may be able to slow joint destruction in patients with OA.
Collapse
|
31
|
Caputo WJ, Vaquero C, Monterosa A, Monterosa P, Johnson E, Beggs D, Fahoury GJ. A retrospective study of cryopreserved umbilical cord as an adjunctive therapy to promote the healing of chronic, complex foot ulcers with underlying osteomyelitis. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:885-893. [PMID: 27312890 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Complex lower extremity ulcers with exposed bone, tendon, muscle, and/or joint capsule as well as multiple comorbidities including diabetes, ischemia, and underlying osteomyelitis are difficult to heal and associated with high morbidity and mortality and high rates of amputation. A retrospective review was performed to assess healing of 31 patients presenting with 33 complex foot ulcers with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of osteomyelitis treated by the same surgeon at a single wound care center by the following treatment regimen: sharp debridement, resection of infected bone when necessary, open cortex, antibiotics, and application of cryopreserved umbilical cord (cUC). The average ulcer size was 15.6 ± 17.7 cm2 (0.4-73.95 cm2 ). Overall, 26 out of the 33 wounds achieved complete closure (78.8%). Five patients were lost to follow-up and one patient expired during the course of treatment, not believed to be treatment related. Of the remaining 27 wounds in patients not lost to follow-up, 26 achieved complete healing with an average time to healing of 16 weeks and an average of 1.24 applications of cUC. The results suggest that cUC used as an adjunctive tissue therapy in conjunction with surgical debridement, resection of infected bone, open cortex, and antibiotic treatment may be an effective overall treatment strategy to promote wound healing of complex foot ulcers associated with osteomyelitis. The preliminary results are encouraging and warrant further randomized control studies to determine whether cUC might help address such an unmet medical need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne J Caputo
- Department of Podiatry, Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville, New Jersey. .,The Wound Center, Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville, New Jersey.
| | - Carina Vaquero
- The Wound Center, Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville, New Jersey
| | - Alexis Monterosa
- The Wound Center, Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville, New Jersey
| | | | - Edward Johnson
- Infectious Diseases Department, Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville, New Jersey
| | - Donald Beggs
- Infectious Diseases Department, Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville, New Jersey
| | - George J Fahoury
- Department of Podiatry, Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Petrey AC, de la Motte CA. Thrombin Cleavage of Inter-α-inhibitor Heavy Chain 1 Regulates Leukocyte Binding to an Inflammatory Hyaluronan Matrix. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24324-24334. [PMID: 27679489 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.755660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic alterations of the extracellular matrix in response to injury directly modulate inflammation and consequently the promotion and resolution of disease. During inflammation, hyaluronan (HA) is increased at sites of inflammation where it may be covalently modified with the heavy chains (HC) of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor. Deposition of this unique, pathological form of HA (HC-HA) leads to the formation of cable-like structures that promote adhesion of leukocytes. Naive mononuclear leukocytes bind specifically to inflammation-associated HA matrices but do not adhere to HA constitutively expressed under homeostatic conditions. In this study, we have directly investigated a role for the blood-coagulation protease thrombin in regulating the adhesion of monocytic cells to smooth muscle cells producing an inflammatory matrix. Our data demonstrate that the proteolytic activity of thrombin negatively regulates the adhesion of monocytes to an inflammatory HC-HA complex. This effect is independent of protease-activated receptor activation but requires proteolytic activity toward a novel substrate. Components of HC-HA complexes were predicted to contain conserved thrombin-susceptible cleavage sites based on sequence analysis, and heavy chain 1 (HC1) was confirmed to be a substrate of thrombin. Thrombin treatment is sufficient to cleave HC1 associated with either cell-surface HA or serum inter-α-trypsin inhibitor. Furthermore, thrombin treatment of the inflammatory matrix leads to dissolution of HC-HA cable structures and abolishes leukocyte adhesion. These data establish a novel mechanism whereby thrombin cleavage of HC1 regulates the adhesive properties of an inflammatory HA matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Petrey
- From the Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Carol A de la Motte
- From the Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Coulson-Thomas VJ, Lauer ME, Soleman S, Zhao C, Hascall VC, Day AJ, Fawcett JW. Tumor Necrosis Factor-stimulated Gene-6 (TSG-6) Is Constitutively Expressed in Adult Central Nervous System (CNS) and Associated with Astrocyte-mediated Glial Scar Formation following Spinal Cord Injury. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19939-52. [PMID: 27435674 PMCID: PMC5025681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.710673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) binds to hyaluronan and can reorganize/stabilize its structure, also enhancing the binding of this glycosaminoglycan to its cell surface receptor, CD44. TSG-6 is rapidly up-regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines protecting tissues from the damaging effects of inflammation. Despite TSG-6 treatment having been shown to improve outcomes in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury, TSG-6 expression has not been extensively studied in the central nervous system (CNS). We hereby analyzed the expression profile of TSG-6 in the developing CNS and following injury. We show that TSG-6 is expressed in the rat CNS by GFAP(+) and CD44(+) astrocytes, solely in the mature brain and spinal cord, and is not present during the development of the CNS. TSG-6(-/-) mice present a reduced number of GFAP(+) astrocytes when compared with the littermate TSG-6(+/-) mice. TSG-6 expression is drastically up-regulated after injury, and the TSG-6 protein is present within the glial scar, potentially coordinating and stabilizing the formation of this hyaluronan-rich matrix. This study shows that TSG-6 is expressed in the CNS, suggesting a role for TSG-6 in astrocyte activation and tissue repair. We hypothesize that within this context TSG-6 could participate in the formation of the glial scar and confer anti-inflammatory properties. Further studies are required to elucidate the therapeutic potential of targeting TSG-6 after CNS injury to promote its protective effects while reducing the inhibitory properties of the glial scar in axon regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien J Coulson-Thomas
- From the John Van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, The E. D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom,
| | - Mark E Lauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Sara Soleman
- From the John Van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, The E. D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - James W Fawcett
- From the John Van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, The E. D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pijuan-Galitó S, Tamm C, Schuster J, Sobol M, Forsberg L, Merry CLR, Annerén C. Human serum-derived protein removes the need for coating in defined human pluripotent stem cell culture. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12170. [PMID: 27405751 PMCID: PMC4947164 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable, scalable and time-efficient culture methods are required to fully realize the clinical and industrial applications of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells. Here we present a completely defined, xeno-free medium that supports long-term propagation of hPS cells on uncoated tissue culture plastic. The medium consists of the Essential 8 (E8) formulation supplemented with inter-α-inhibitor (IαI), a human serum-derived protein, recently demonstrated to activate key pluripotency pathways in mouse PS cells. IαI efficiently induces attachment and long-term growth of both embryonic and induced hPS cell lines when added as a soluble protein to the medium at seeding. IαI supplementation efficiently supports adaptation of feeder-dependent hPS cells to xeno-free conditions, clonal growth as well as single-cell survival in the absence of Rho-associated kinase inhibitor (ROCKi). This time-efficient and simplified culture method paves the way for large-scale, high-throughput hPS cell culture, and will be valuable for both basic research and commercial applications. Improved culture methods are needed to reliably grow human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) on a large scale. Here, the authors identify a xeno-free medium with a supplement of Inter-α-inhibitor that supports long-term propagation and improved single-cell passaging of hPSCs on uncoated plastic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pijuan-Galitó
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Tamm
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Schuster
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Box 815, Uppsala University, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Sobol
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Box 815, Uppsala University, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Box 815, Uppsala University, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering &Modelling Room A59, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, UK
| | - Cecilia Annerén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Björkgatan 30, 751 84 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Papanna R, Mann LK, Snowise S, Morales Y, Prabhu SP, Tseng SCG, Grill R, Fletcher S, Moise KJ. Neurological Outcomes after Human Umbilical Cord Patch for In Utero Spina Bifida Repair in a Sheep Model. AJP Rep 2016; 6:e309-17. [PMID: 27621952 PMCID: PMC5017885 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of our study was to test the hypothesis that in utero repair of surgically created spina bifida in a sheep model using cryopreserved human umbilical cord (HUC) patch improves neurological outcome. METHODS Spina bifida with myelotomy was surgically created in timed pregnant ewes at gestational day (GD) 75. The fetuses were randomly assigned to unrepaired versus HUC and treated at GD 95 and then delivered at GD 140. Neurological evaluation was performed using the Texas Spinal Cord Injury Scale (TSCIS), bladder control using ultrasound, and the hindbrain herniation. RESULTS Three lambs without the spina bifida creation served as controls. There were four lambs with spina bifida: two were unrepaired and two underwent HUC repair. The control lambs had normal function. Both unrepaired lambs had nonhealed skin lesions with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, a 0/20 TSCIS score, no bladder control, and the hindbrain herniation. In contrast, both HUC lambs had a completely healed skin defect and survived to day 2 of life, a 3/20 and 4/20 TSCIS score (nociception), partial bladder control, and normal hindbrain anatomy. CONCLUSIONS Cryopreserved HUC patch appears to improve survival and neurological outcome in this severe form of the ovine model of spina bifida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesha Papanna
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UTHealth, The University of Texas Health Science at Houston, McGovern Medical School and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Lovepreet K Mann
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UTHealth, The University of Texas Health Science at Houston, McGovern Medical School and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Saul Snowise
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UTHealth, The University of Texas Health Science at Houston, McGovern Medical School and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Yisel Morales
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UTHealth, The University of Texas Health Science at Houston, McGovern Medical School and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanjay P Prabhu
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scheffer C G Tseng
- The Ocular Surface Center, Miami, Florida; TissueTech, Inc., Miami, Florida
| | - Raymond Grill
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Stephen Fletcher
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The Department of Pediatrics, UTHealth, The University of Texas Health Science at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas; Department of Pediatric Surgery, UTHealth, The University of Texas Health Science at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Kenneth J Moise
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UTHealth, The University of Texas Health Science at Houston, McGovern Medical School and the Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cheng AMS, Chua L, Casas V, Tseng SCG. Morselized Amniotic Membrane Tissue for Refractory Corneal Epithelial Defects in Cicatricial Ocular Surface Diseases. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2016; 5:9. [PMID: 27226933 PMCID: PMC4874450 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.5.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the clinical efficacy of morselized amniotic membrane and umbilical cord tissue (MAU) in treating refractory corneal epithelial defect in ocular cicatricial diseases. Methods Retrospective review of four patients with ocular cicatricial diseases treated with topical MAU for corneal epithelial defects refractory to conventional treatments including topical lubricants, autologous serum, bandage contact lens, and tarsorraphy. Their symptoms, corneal staining, conjunctival inflammation, and visual acuity were compared before and after treatment. Results After topical application of MAU twice daily, two patients demonstrated rapid corneal epithelialization with prompt visual acuity improvement at the first day. All patients showed corneal epithelialization in 7.3 ± 2.6 days accompanied by a significant relief of symptoms, reduction of ocular surface inflammation, and improvement of visual acuity. Conclusion This pilot study suggests topical MAU can be developed into a novel treatment for treating refractory corneal epithelial defects. Translational Relevance Topical MAU can be an effective novel treatment for refractory corneal epithelial defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorraine Chua
- Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Scheffer C G Tseng
- Ocular Surface Center, Miami, FL, USA ; Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tseng SCG. HC-HA/PTX3 Purified From Amniotic Membrane as Novel Regenerative Matrix: Insight Into Relationship Between Inflammation and Regeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:ORSFh1-8. [PMID: 27116665 PMCID: PMC4855828 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human limbal palisade of Vogt is an ideal model for studying and practicing regenerative medicine due to their accessibility. Nonresolving inflammation is a common manifestation of limbal stem cell deficiency, which is the major cause of corneal blindness, and presents as a threat to the success of transplanted limbal epithelial stem cells. Clinical studies have shown that the efficacy of transplantation of limbal epithelial stem cells can be augmented by transplantation of cryopreserved human amniotic membrane (AM), which exerts anti-inflammatory, antiscarring, and antiangiogenic action to promote wound healing. METHODS Review of published data to determine the molecular action mechanism explaining how AM exerts the aforementioned therapeutic actions. RESULTS From the water-soluble extract of cryopreserved AM, we have biochemically purified one novel matrix component termed heavy chain (HC)-hyaluronan (HA)/pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as the key relevant tissue characteristic responsible for the aforementioned AM's efficacy. Heavy chain-HA is a complex formed by a covalent linkage between HA and HC1 of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) by tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6). This complex may then be tightly associated with PTX3 to form HC-HA/PTX3 complex. Besides exerting an anti-inflammatory, antiscarring, and antiangiogenic effects, HC-HA/PTX3 complex also uniquely maintains limbal niche cells to support the quiescence of limbal epithelial stem cells. CONCLUSIONS We envision that HC-HA/PTX3 purified from AM can be used as a unique substrate to refine ex vivo expansion of limbal epithelial stem cells by maintaining stem cell quiescence, self-renewal and fate decision. Furthermore, it can also be deployed as a platform to launch new therapeutics in regenerative medicine by mitigating nonresolving inflammation and reinforcing the well-being of stem cell niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scheffer C. G. Tseng
- The R&D Department of TissueTech Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research and Education Foundation, Miami, Florida, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Papanna R, Moise KJ, Mann LK, Fletcher S, Schniederjan R, Bhattacharjee MB, Stewart RJ, Kaur S, Prabhu SP, Tseng SCG. Cryopreserved human umbilical cord patch for in-utero spina bifida repair. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2016; 47:168-176. [PMID: 26489897 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a patch system to repair surgically created spina bifida in a sheep model for its efficacy in healing the skin defect, protecting the underlying spinal cord and reducing the Chiari II malformation. METHODS Spina bifida was created surgically in 16 fetuses from eight timed-pregnant sheep at gestational age of 75 days. Two fetuses did not survive the procedure. Repeat hysterotomy was performed at 95 days' gestation to cover the defect with either biocellulose film with underwater adhesive (BCF-adhesive) (n = 7) or human umbilical cord with suture (HUC-suture) (n = 7). Three fetuses without formation of the defect served as reference controls. The skin healing was examined by direct visualization after a planned Cesarean section at term, followed by histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stains. Mid-sagittal sections of the fetal cranium and upper cervical spine were analyzed by a pediatric neuroradiologist who was blinded to the type of patch received. RESULTS Three fetuses that received the BCF-adhesive and six fetuses that received the HUC-suture survived to term for final analysis. As a result of dislodgment of the BCF-adhesive, all spina bifida defects repaired using BCF-adhesive were not healed and showed exposed spinal cord with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast, all spinal defects repaired by HUC-suture were healed with complete regrowth of epidermal, dermal and subdermal tissue components, with no exposed spinal cord. The maximal skin wound width was 21 ± 3.6 mm in the BCF-adhesive group but 3 ± 0.8 mm in the HUC-suture group (P < 0.001). The spinal cord area (P = 0.001) and the number of anterior horn cells (P = 0.03) was preserved to a greater degree in the HUC-suture group than in the BCF-adhesive group, whilst psammoma bodies, signifying neuronal degeneration, were only observed in the BCF-adhesive group. Anatomic changes, indicative of Chiari II malformation, were seen in all three fetuses of the BCF-adhesive group but in none of the HUC-suture group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Cryopreserved umbilical cord graft is a promising regenerative patch for intrauterine repair of spina bifida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Papanna
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K J Moise
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L K Mann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Fletcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Schniederjan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M B Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R J Stewart
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Kaur
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S P Prabhu
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S C G Tseng
- Ocular Surface Center and TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim DK, Choi H, Nishida H, Oh JY, Gregory C, Lee RH, Yu JM, Watanabe J, An SY, Bartosh TJ, Prockop DJ. Scalable Production of a Multifunctional Protein (TSG-6) That Aggregates with Itself and the CHO Cells That Synthesize It. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147553. [PMID: 26793973 PMCID: PMC4721919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-α stimulated gene/protein 6 (TNFAIP6/TSG-6) is a multifunctional protein that has a number of potential therapeutic applications. Experiments and clinical trials with TSG-6, however, have been limited by the technical difficulties of producing the recombinant protein. We prepared stable clones of CHO cells that expressed recombinant human TSG-6 (rhTSG-6) as a secreted glycoprotein. Paradoxically, both cell number and protein production decreased dramatically when the clones were expanded. The decreases occurred because the protein aggregated the synthesizing CHO cells by binding to the brush border of hyaluronan that is found around many cultured cells. In addition, the rhTSG-6 readily self-aggregated. To address these problems, we added to the medium an inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis and heparin to compete with the binding of TSG-6 to hyaluronan. Also, we optimized the composition of the culture medium, and transferred the CHO cells from a spinner culture system to a bioreactor that controlled pH and thereby decreased pH-dependent binding properties of the protein. With these and other improvements in the culture conditions, we obtained 57.0 mg ± 9.16 S.D. of rhTSG-6 in 5 or 6 liter of medium. The rhTSG-6 accounted for 18.0% ± 3.76 S.D. of the total protein in the medium. We then purified the protein with a Ni-chelate column that bound the His tag engineered into the C-terminus of the protein followed by an anion exchange column. The yield of the purified monomeric rhTSG-6 was 4.1 mg to 5.6 mg per liter of culture medium. After intravenous injection into mice, the protein had a longer plasma half-life than commercially available rhTSG-6 isolated from a mammalian cell lysate, apparently because it was recovered as a secreted glycoprotein. The bioactivity of the rhTSG-6 in suppressing inflammation was demonstrated in a murine model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ki Kim
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine at Scott and White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hosoon Choi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine at Scott and White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine at Scott and White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joo Youn Oh
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine at Scott and White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carl Gregory
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine at Scott and White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine at Scott and White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ji Min Yu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine at Scott and White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine at Scott and White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Su Yeon An
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine at Scott and White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Bartosh
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine at Scott and White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Darwin J. Prockop
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine at Scott and White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tseng SCG, He H, Zhang S, Chen SY. Niche Regulation of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells: Relationship between Inflammation and Regeneration. Ocul Surf 2016; 14:100-12. [PMID: 26769483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human limbal palisades of Vogt are the ideal site for studying and practicing regenerative medicine due to their accessibility. Nonresolving inflammation in limbal stroma is common manifestation of limbal stem cell (SC) deficiency and presents as a threat to the success of transplanted limbal epithelial SCs. This pathologic process can be overcome by transplantation of cryopreserved human amniotic membrane (AM), which exerts anti-inflammatory, antiscarring and anti-angiogenic action to promote wound healing. To determine how AM might exert anti-inflammation and promote regeneration, we have purified a novel matrix, HC-HA/PTX3, responsible for the efficacy of AM efficacy. HC-HA complex is covalently formed by hyaluronan (HA) and heavy chain 1 (HC1) of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor by the catalytic action of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) and are tightly associated with pentraxin 3 (PTX3) to form HC-HA/PTX3. In vitro reconstitution of the limbal niche can be established by reunion between limbal epithelial progenitors and limbal niche cells on different substrates. In 3-dimensional Matrigel, clonal expansion indicative of SC renewal is correlated with activation of canonical Wnt signaling and suppression of canonical bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. In contrast, SC quiescence can be achieved in HC-HA/PTX3 by activation of canonical BMP signaling and non-canonical planar cell polarity (PCP) Wnt signaling, but suppression of canonical Wnt signaling. HC-HA/PTX3 is a novel matrix mitigating nonresolving inflammation and restoring SC quiescence in the niche for various applications in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scheffer C G Tseng
- R&D Department, TissueTech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research and Education Foundation, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Hua He
- R&D Department, TissueTech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research and Education Foundation, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Suzhen Zhang
- R&D Department, TissueTech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research and Education Foundation, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- R&D Department, TissueTech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research and Education Foundation, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhou A, Zheng X, Yu L, Quan M, Shao X, Jiang Z. Mechanisms of human amniotic epithelial cell transplantation in treating stage III pressure ulcer in a rat model. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:2161-2168. [PMID: 26668610 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the function of human amniotic epithelial cell transplantation (hAECT) in promoting the healing of rats with stage III pressure ulcer (PU) and to initially investigate its possible mechanisms. A total of 96 Sprague Dawley rats were allocated at random into the model, hAECT, conventional treatment or control groups (n=24 per group). In each group, 6 rats were observed to determine the wound-healing rate. The mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the wound tissue and serum were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The transplantation of hAECs significantly increased the healing rate of the stage III PUs and was accompanied by the significant upregulation of VEGF mRNA and protein expression levels and the significant downregulation of TNF-α mRNA and protein expression. Immunofluorescence staining showed that, on day 7 of transplantation, hAECs remained alive inside the skin tissues. Therefore, hAECT through subcutaneous injection appears to significantly improve the wound-healing rate of stage III PUs in rats, and this effect may be associated with the upregulation of the proangiogenic factor VEGF and the downregulation of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiting Zhou
- College of Nursing, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Xilan Zheng
- College of Nursing, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Limei Yu
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Mingtao Quan
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Shao
- College of Nursing, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Zhixia Jiang
- College of Nursing, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen SY, Han B, Zhu YT, Mahabole M, Huang J, Beebe DC, Tseng SCG. HC-HA/PTX3 Purified From Amniotic Membrane Promotes BMP Signaling in Limbal Niche Cells to Maintain Quiescence of Limbal Epithelial Progenitor/Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3341-55. [PMID: 26148958 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To explore how limbal niche cells (LNCs) may control quiescence, self-renewal, and corneal epithelial lineage commitment/differentiation of limbal epithelial progenitor/stem cells (LEPCs), we have established an in vitro sphere assay by reunion between the two cell types in three-dimensional Matrigel. The resultant sphere exhibits inhibition of corneal epithelial lineage commitment/differentiation and marked clonal growth of LEPCs, of which the latter is correlated with activation of canonical Wnt signaling. Herein, we have created a similar reunion assay in immobilized heavy chain-hyaluronic acid/pentraxin 3 (HC-HA/PTX3), which is purified from amniotic membrane (AM) and consists of a complex formed by hyaluronic covalently linked to heavy chain 1 of inter-α-inhibitor and noncovalently linked to pentraxin 3. The resultant spheres exhibited similar suppression of corneal epithelial lineage commitment/differentiation but upregulation of quiescence markers including nuclear translocation of Bmi-1, and negligible clonal growth of LEPCs. This outcome was correlated with the suppression of canonical Wnt but activation of noncanonical (Planar cell polarity) Wnt signaling as well as BMP signaling in both LEPCs and LNCs. The activation of BMP signaling in LNCs was pivotal because nuclear translocation of pSmad1/5/8 was prohibited in hLEPCs when reunioned with mLNCs of conditionally deleted Bmpr1a;Acvr1(DCKO) mice. Furthermore, ablation of BMP signaling in LEPCs led to upregulation of cell cycle genes, downregulation of Bmi-1, nuclear exclusion of phosphorylated Bmi-1, and marked promotion of the clonal growth of LEPCs. Hence, HC-HA/PTX3 uniquely upregulates BMP signaling in LNCs which leads to BMP signaling in LEPCs to achieve quiescence, helping explain how AM transplantation is clinically useful to be used as a matrix for ex vivo expansion of LEPCs and to treat corneal blindness caused by limbal stem cells deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yu Chen
- R&D Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Bo Han
- Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ting Zhu
- R&D Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jie Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David C Beebe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scheffer C G Tseng
- R&D Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, Florida, USA.,Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Torihashi S, Ho M, Kawakubo Y, Komatsu K, Nagai M, Hirayama Y, Kawabata Y, Takenaka-Ninagawa N, Wanachewin O, Zhuo L, Kimata K. Acute and temporal expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated gene 6 product, TSG6, in mesenchymal stem cells creates microenvironments required for their successful transplantation into muscle tissue. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:22771-81. [PMID: 26178374 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that when mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from mouse ES cells were transplanted into skeletal muscle, more than 60% of them differentiated into muscles in the crush-injured tibialis anterior muscle in vivo, although MSCs neither differentiated nor settled in the intact muscle. Microenvironments, including the extracellular matrix between the injured and intact muscle, were quite different. In the injured muscle, hyaluronan (HA), heavy chains of inter-α-inhibitor (IαI), CD44, and TNF-α-stimulated gene 6 product (TSG-6) increased 24-48 h after injury, although basement membrane components of differentiated muscle such as perlecan, laminin, and type IV collagen increased gradually 4 days after the crush. We then investigated the microenvironments crucial for cell transplantation, using the lysate of C2C12 myotubules for mimicking injured circumstances in vivo. MSCs settled in the intact muscle when they were transplanted together with the C2C12 lysate or TSG6. MSCs produced and released TSG6 when they were cultured with C2C12 lysates in vitro. MSCs pretreated with the lysate also settled in the intact muscle. Furthermore, MSCs whose TSG6 was knocked down by shRNA, even if transplanted or pretreated with the lysate, could not settle in the muscle. Immunofluorescent staining showed that HA and IαI always co-localized or were distributed closely, suggesting formation of covalent complexes, i.e. the SHAP-HA complex in the presence of TSG6. Thus, TSG6, HA, and IαI were crucial factors for the settlement and probably the subsequent differentiation of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeko Torihashi
- From the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-9673, Japan
| | - Mioko Ho
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yuji Kawakubo
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Kazumi Komatsu
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Masataka Nagai
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirayama
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawabata
- From the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-9673, Japan
| | - Nana Takenaka-Ninagawa
- From the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-9673, Japan, the Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, and
| | - Orawan Wanachewin
- the Advanced Medical Research Center and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Lisheng Zhuo
- the Advanced Medical Research Center and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Kimata
- the Advanced Medical Research Center and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pijuan-Galitó S, Tamm C, Annerén C. Serum Inter-α-inhibitor activates the Yes tyrosine kinase and YAP/TEAD transcriptional complex in mouse embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33492-502. [PMID: 25301940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the Src family kinase Yes, the Yes-associated protein (YAP) and TEA domain TEAD2 transcription factor pathway are activated by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and contribute to mouse embryonic stem (mES) cell maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal. In addition, we have shown that fetal bovine serum (FBS) induces Yes auto-phosphorylation and activation. In the present study we confirm that serum also activates TEAD-dependent transcription in a time- and dose-dependent manner and we identify Inter-α-inhibitor (IαI) as a component in serum capable of activating the Yes/YAP/TEAD pathway by inducing Yes auto-phosphorylation, YAP nuclear localization and TEAD-dependent transcription. The cleaved heavy chain 2 (HC2) sub-component of IαI, is demonstrated to be responsible for this effect. Moreover, IαI is also shown to efficiently increase expression of TEAD-downstream target genes including well-known stem cell factors Nanog and Oct 3/4. IαI is not produced by the ES cells per se but is added to the cells via the cell culture medium containing serum or serum-derived components such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). In conclusion, we describe a novel function of IαI in activating key pluripotency pathways associated with ES cell maintenance and self-renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pijuan-Galitó
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Christoffer Tamm
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Cecilia Annerén
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden and GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, SE-751 84 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cooke M, Tan EK, Mandrycky C, He H, O'Connell J, Tseng SCG. Comparison of cryopreserved amniotic membrane and umbilical cord tissue with dehydrated amniotic membrane/chorion tissue. J Wound Care 2014; 23:465-74, 476. [PMID: 25296347 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2014.23.10.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate how the different processing methods cryopreservation and dehydration affect the structural integrity and biological composition of key signalling molecules within amniotic membrane and umbilical cord tissues. METHOD We directly compared cryopreserved amniotic membrane (AM) and umbilical cord (UC) tissues with dehydrated amniotic membrane/chorion (dHACM) tissue using biochemical and functional assays including histological and histochemical staining, BCA, agarose gel electrophoresis, western blot, ELISA, and proliferation and cell death assays. RESULTS Cryopreservation retains the native architecture of the AM/UC extracellular matrix and maintains the quantity and activity of key biological signals present in fresh AM/UC, including high molecular weight hyaluronic acid, heavy chain-HA complex, and pentraxin 3. In contrast, dehydrated tissues were structurally compromised and almost completely lacked these crucial components. CONCLUSION The results presented here indicate that cryopreservation better preserves the structural and biological signaling molecules of foetal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Cooke
- Amniox Medical, Atlanta, GA, 30339, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
MSCs and hyaluronan: Sticking together for new therapeutic potential? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
47
|
Coulson-Thomas VJ, Gesteira TF, Hascall V, Kao W. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells suppress host rejection: the role of the glycocalyx. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23465-81. [PMID: 24986866 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.557447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) have unique immunosuppressive properties enabling them to evade host rejection and making them valuable tools for cell therapy. We previously showed that human UMSCs survive xenograft transplantation and successfully correct the corneal clouding defects associated with the mouse model for the congenital metabolic disorder mucopolysaccharidosis VII. However, the precise mechanism by which UMSCs suppress the immune system remains elusive. This study aimed to determine the key components involved in the ability of the UMSCs to modulate the inflammatory system and to identify the inflammatory cells that are regulated by the UMSCs. Our results show that human UMSCs transplanted into the mouse stroma 24 h after an alkali burn suppress the severe inflammatory response and enable the recovery of corneal transparency within 2 weeks. Furthermore, we demonstrated in vitro that UMSCs inhibit the adhesion and invasion of inflammatory cells and also the polarization of M1 macrophages. UMSCs also induced the maturation of T-regulatory cells and led to inflammatory cell death. Moreover, UMSCs exposed to inflammatory cells synthesize a rich extracellular glycocalyx composed of the chondroitin sulfate-proteoglycan versican bound to a heavy chain (HC)-modified hyaluronan (HA) matrix (HC-HA). This matrix also contains TNFα-stimulated gene 6 (TSG6), the enzyme that transfers HCs to HA, and pentraxin-3, which further stabilizes the matrix. Our results, both in vivo and in vitro, show that this glycocalyx confers the ability for UMSCs to survive the host immune system and to regulate the inflammatory cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarsis Ferreira Gesteira
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0838, the Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, and
| | - Vincent Hascall
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Winston Kao
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0838
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang S, Zhu YT, Chen SY, He H, Tseng SCG. Constitutive expression of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) protein by human amniotic membrane cells leads to formation of the heavy chain (HC)-hyaluronan (HA)-PTX3 complex. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13531-42. [PMID: 24652286 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.525287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy chain (HC)-hyaluronan (HA), a complex formed by the covalent linkage between HC1 from the inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) and HA, purified from the human amniotic membrane (AM), is responsible for the anti-inflammatory, antiscarring, and antiangiogenic actions of the AM. This HC-HA complex is produced by constitutive expression of TNF-stimulated gene 6 and endogenous production of IαI by AM cells. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a prototypic long pentraxin that plays a non-redundant role in innate immunity against selected pathogens, also helps stabilize HC-HA to ensure female fertility. Here we noted strong positive PTX3 staining in the AM epithelium and compact stroma. PTX3 was constitutively expressed and secreted by cultured AM epithelial and stromal cells and, further, greatly up-regulated by TNF and IL-1β. Using an agarose overlay to trap the HA-containing matrix, the HC-HA-PTX3 complex was formed, as analyzed by Western blot analysis, by AM cells but not human skin fibroblasts, despite being cultured in the presence of serum and TNF. However, exogenous PTX3 helps human skin fibroblasts form the HC-HA-PTX3 complex with an agarose overlay. Furthermore, PTX3 can be coimmunoprecipitated with the HC-HA complex from agarose-overlaid AM cell extracts by an anti-human IαI antibody. Such a HC-HA-PTX3 complex can be reconstituted in vitro and exhibit similar effects as those reported for AM HC-HA-PTX3 on polarization of M2 macrophages. The tight binding between PTX3 and AM HC-HA withstands four runs of CsCl ultracentrifugation in the presence of 4 m GnHCl. These results indicate that PTX3 is constitutively expressed and secreted by AM cells as an integral component of the AM HC-HA-PTX3 complex and contributes to the biological function of AM HC-HA-PTX3.
Collapse
|
49
|
He H, Tan Y, Duffort S, Perez VL, Tseng SCG. In vivo downregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in corneal allograft rejection by HC-HA/PTX3 complex purified from amniotic membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:1647-56. [PMID: 24519420 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Heavy chain-hyaluronic acid (HC-HA)/PTX3 purified from human amniotic membrane (AM) was previously observed to suppress inflammatory responses in vitro. We now examine whether HC-HA/PTX3 is able to exert a similar effect in vivo, using murine models for keratitis and corneal allograft rejection. METHODS The in vitro effect of HC-HA/PTX3 was tested using OTII ovalbumin (OVA) transgenic, purified CD4(+) T cells, or IFN-γ/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Cytokine production was measured by ELISA, while cell surface markers and cell proliferation were determined by flow cytometry. In vivo effects of HC-HA/PTX3 were analyzed by quantifying the recruitment of enhanced green fluorescence-labeled macrophages and by measuring the expression of arginase 1 (Arg-1), IL-10, and IL-12 in LPS-induced keratitis in the macrophage Fas-induced apoptosis (Mafia) mouse. The effect of corneal allograft survival in a complete major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatched mouse model was assessed by grading corneal opacification. RESULTS In vitro studies demonstrated that HC-HA/PTX3 significantly enhanced the expansion of FOXP3 T cells and suppressed cell proliferation and protein expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, CD25, and CD69 in activated CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, immobilized HC-HA/PTX3 significantly upregulated IL-10 gene expression but downregulated that of IL-12 and IL-23 in activated RAW264.7 cells. Finally, in vivo subconjunctival injection of HC-HA/PTX3 significantly prolonged corneal allograft survival, suppressed macrophage infiltration, and promoted M2 polarization by upregulating Arg-1 and IL-10 but downregulating IL-12. CONCLUSIONS HC-HA/PTX3 can suppress inflammatory responses in vivo by modulating both innate and adaptive immunity of macrophages and CD4(+) T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- TissueTech, Inc., Miami, Florida
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
He H, Zhang S, Tighe S, Son J, Tseng SCG. Immobilized heavy chain-hyaluronic acid polarizes lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages toward M2 phenotype. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25792-25803. [PMID: 23878196 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.479584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the known anti-inflammatory effect of amniotic membrane, its action mechanism remains largely unknown. HC-HA complex (HC-HA) purified from human amniotic membrane consists of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) covalently linked to the heavy chain (HC) 1 of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor. In this study, we show that soluble HC-HA also contained pentraxin 3 and induced the apoptosis of both formyl-Met-Leu-Phe or LPS-activated neutrophils and LPS-activated macrophages while not affecting the resting cells. This enhanced apoptosis was caused by the inhibition of cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation caused by HC-HA binding of LPS-activated macrophages and preventing adhesion to the plastic surface. Preferentially, soluble HC-HA promoted phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils in resting macrophages, whereas immobilized HC-HA promoted phagocytosis in LPS-activated macrophages. Upon concomitant LPS stimulation, immobilized HC-HA but not HA polarized macrophages toward the M2 phenotype by down-regulating IRF5 protein and preventing its nuclear localization and by down-regulating IL-12, TNF-α, and NO synthase 2. Additionally, IL-10, TGF-β1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, LIGHT (TNF superfamily 14), and sphingosine kinase-1 were up-regulated, and such M2 polarization was dependent on TLR ligation. Collectively, these data suggest that HC-HA is a unique matrix component different from HA and uses multiple mechanisms to suppress M1 while promoting M2 phenotype. This anti-inflammatory action of HC-HA is highly desirable to promote wound healing in diseases heightened by unsuccessful transition from M1 to M2 phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ji Son
- the Ocular Surface Research Education Foundation, and
| | - Scheffer C G Tseng
- From the TissueTech, Inc.,; the Ocular Surface Research Education Foundation, and; the Ocular Surface Center, Miami, Florida 33173.
| |
Collapse
|