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Tanimoto H, Umekawa Y, Takahashi H, Goto K, Ito K. Gene expression and metabolite levels converge in the thermogenic spadix of skunk cabbage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1561-1585. [PMID: 38318875 PMCID: PMC11142342 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The inflorescence (spadix) of skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius) is strongly thermogenic and can regulate its temperature at around 23 °C even when the ambient temperature drops below freezing. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying developmentally controlled thermogenesis and thermoregulation in skunk cabbage, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analysis across 3 developmental stages of spadix development. Our RNA-seq analysis revealed distinct groups of expressed genes, with selenium-binding protein 1/methanethiol oxidase (SBP1/MTO) exhibiting the highest levels in thermogenic florets. Notably, the expression of alternative oxidase (AOX) was consistently high from the prethermogenic stage through the thermogenic stage in the florets. Metabolome analysis showed that alterations in nucleotide levels correspond with the developmentally controlled and tissue-specific thermogenesis of skunk cabbage, evident by a substantial increase in AMP levels in thermogenic florets. Our study also reveals that hydrogen sulfide, a product of SBP1/MTO, inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-mediated mitochondrial respiration, while AOX-mediated respiration remains relatively unaffected. Specifically, at lower temperatures, the inhibitory effect of hydrogen sulfide on COX-mediated respiration increases, promoting a shift toward the dominance of AOX-mediated respiration. Finally, despite the differential regulation of genes and metabolites throughout spadix development, we observed a convergence of gene expression and metabolite accumulation patterns during thermogenesis. This synchrony may play a key role in developmentally regulated thermogenesis. Moreover, such convergence during the thermogenic stage in the spadix may provide a solid molecular basis for thermoregulation in skunk cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Tanimoto
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yui Umekawa
- Department of Planning and General Affairs, Akita Research Institute of Food and Brewing, Araya-machi, Akita 010-1623, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Kota Goto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kikukatsu Ito
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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2
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Lynch EM, Hansen H, Salay L, Cooper M, Timr S, Kollman JM, Webb BA. Structural basis for allosteric regulation of human phosphofructokinase-1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585110. [PMID: 38559074 PMCID: PMC10980016 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glycolysis, committing glucose to conversion into cellular energy. PFK1 is highly regulated to respond to the changing energy needs of the cell. In bacteria, the structural basis of PFK1 regulation is a textbook example of allostery; molecular signals of low and high cellular energy promote transition between an active R-state and inactive T-state conformation, respectively Little is known, however, about the structural basis for regulation of eukaryotic PFK1. Here, we determine structures of the human liver isoform of PFK1 (PFKL) in the R- and T-state by cryoEM, providing insight into eukaryotic PFK1 allosteric regulatory mechanisms. The T-state structure reveals conformational differences between the bacterial and eukaryotic enzyme, the mechanisms of allosteric inhibition by ATP binding at multiple sites, and an autoinhibitory role of the C-terminus in stabilizing the T-state. We also determine structures of PFKL filaments that define the mechanism of higher-order assembly and demonstrate that these structures are necessary for higher-order assembly of PFKL in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington
| | - Heather Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University
| | - Lauren Salay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington
| | - Madison Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University
| | - Stepan Timr
- Department of Computational Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Bradley A Webb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University
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3
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Popova D, Sun J, Chow HM, Hart RP. A critical review of ethanol effects on neuronal firing: A metabolic perspective. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:450-458. [PMID: 38217065 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Ethanol metabolism is relatively understudied in neurons, even though changes in neuronal metabolism are known to affect their activity. Recent work demonstrates that ethanol is preferentially metabolized over glucose as a source of carbon and energy, and it reprograms neurons to a state of reduced energy potential and diminished capacity to utilize glucose once ethanol is exhausted. Ethanol intake has been associated with changes in neuronal firing and specific brain activity (EEG) patterns have been linked with risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Furthermore, a haplotype of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel subunit, GIRK2, which plays a critical role in regulating excitability of neurons, has been linked with AUD and shown to be directly regulated by ethanol. At the same time, overexpression of GIRK2 prevents ethanol-induced metabolic changes. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the mechanisms underlying the effects of ethanol on neuronal metabolism are a novel target for developing therapies for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Popova
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jacquelyne Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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4
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Bracken AK, Gekko CE, Suss NO, Lueders EE, Cui Q, Fu Q, Lui ACW, Anderson ET, Zhang S, Abbasov ME. Biomimetic Synthesis and Chemical Proteomics Reveal the Mechanism of Action and Functional Targets of Phloroglucinol Meroterpenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2524-2548. [PMID: 38230968 PMCID: PMC11000255 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Natural products perennially serve as prolific sources of drug leads and chemical probes, fueling the development of numerous therapeutics. Despite their scarcity, natural products that modulate protein function through covalent interactions with lysine residues hold immense potential to unlock new therapeutic interventions and advance our understanding of the biological processes governed by these modifications. Phloroglucinol meroterpenoids constitute one of the most expansive classes of natural products, displaying a plethora of biological activities. However, their mechanism of action and cellular targets have, until now, remained elusive. In this study, we detail the concise biomimetic synthesis, computational mechanistic insights, physicochemical attributes, kinetic parameters, molecular mechanism of action, and functional cellular targets of several phloroglucinol meroterpenoids. We harness synthetic clickable analogues of natural products to probe their disparate proteome-wide reactivity and subcellular localization through in-gel fluorescence scanning and cell imaging. By implementing sample multiplexing and a redesigned lysine-targeting probe, we streamline a quantitative activity-based protein profiling, enabling the direct mapping of global reactivity and ligandability of proteinaceous lysines in human cells. Leveraging this framework, we identify numerous lysine-meroterpenoid interactions in breast cancer cells at tractable protein sites across diverse structural and functional classes, including those historically deemed undruggable. We validate that phloroglucinol meroterpenoids perturb biochemical functions through stereoselective and site-specific modification of lysines in proteins vital for breast cancer metabolism, including lipid signaling, mitochondrial respiration, and glycolysis. These findings underscore the broad potential of phloroglucinol meroterpenoids for targeting functional lysines in the human proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Bracken
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Colby E Gekko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nina O Suss
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emma E Lueders
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qi Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qin Fu
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andy C W Lui
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Elizabeth T Anderson
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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5
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Voronkova MA, Hansen HL, Cooper MP, Miller J, Sukumar N, Geldenhuys WJ, Robart AR, Webb BA. Cancer-associated somatic mutations in human phosphofructokinase-1 reveal a critical electrostatic interaction for allosteric regulation of enzyme activity. Biochem J 2023; 480:1411-1427. [PMID: 37622331 PMCID: PMC10586780 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, including increased glucose uptake and lactic acid excretion, is a hallmark of cancer. The glycolytic 'gatekeeper' enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), which catalyzes the step committing glucose to breakdown, is dysregulated in cancers. While altered PFK1 activity and expression in tumors have been demonstrated, little is known about the effects of cancer-associated somatic mutations. Somatic mutations in PFK1 inform our understanding of allosteric regulation by identifying key amino acid residues involved in the regulation of enzyme activity. Here, we characterized mutations disrupting an evolutionarily conserved salt bridge between aspartic acid and arginine in human platelet (PFKP) and liver (PFKL) isoforms. Using purified recombinant proteins, we showed that disruption of the Asp-Arg pair in two PFK1 isoforms decreased enzyme activity and altered allosteric regulation. We determined the crystal structure of PFK1 to 3.6 Å resolution and used molecular dynamic simulations to understand molecular mechanisms of altered allosteric regulation. We showed that PFKP-D564N had a decreased total system energy and changes in the electrostatic surface potential of the effector site. Cells expressing PFKP-D564N demonstrated a decreased rate of glycolysis, while their ability to induce glycolytic flux under conditions of low cellular energy was enhanced compared with cells expressing wild-type PFKP. Taken together, these results suggest that mutations in Arg-Asp pair at the interface of the catalytic-regulatory domains stabilizes the t-state and presents novel mechanistic insight for therapeutic development in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Voronkova
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, U.S.A
| | - Heather L. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, U.S.A
| | - Madison P. Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, U.S.A
| | - Jacob Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, U.S.A
| | - Narayanasami Sukumar
- Northeastern Collaborative Access Team Center for Advanced Macromolecular Crystallography, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, U.S.A
| | - Werner J. Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26506, U.S.A
| | - Aaron R. Robart
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, U.S.A
| | - Bradley A. Webb
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, U.S.A
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Protasov E, Martinov M, Sinauridze E, Vitvitsky V, Ataullakhanov F. Prediction of Oscillations in Glycolysis in Ethanol-Consuming Erythrocyte-Bioreactors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10124. [PMID: 37373271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A mathematical model of energy metabolism in erythrocyte-bioreactors loaded with alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase was constructed and analyzed. Such erythrocytes can convert ethanol to acetate using intracellular NAD and can therefore be used to treat alcohol intoxication. Analysis of the model revealed that the rate of ethanol consumption by the erythrocyte-bioreactors increases proportionally to the activity of incorporated ethanol-consuming enzymes until their activity reaches a specific threshold level. When the ethanol-consuming enzyme activity exceeds this threshold, the steady state in the model becomes unstable and the model switches to an oscillation mode caused by the competition between glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and ethanol-consuming enzymes for NAD. The amplitude and period of metabolite oscillations first increase with the increase in the activity of the encapsulated enzymes. A further increase in these activities leads to a loss of the glycolysis steady state, and a permanent accumulation of glycolytic intermediates. The oscillation mode and the loss of the steady state can lead to the osmotic destruction of erythrocyte-bioreactors due to an accumulation of intracellular metabolites. Our results demonstrate that the interaction of enzymes encapsulated in erythrocyte-bioreactors with erythrocyte metabolism should be taken into account in order to achieve the optimal efficacy of these bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Protasov
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare, Samora Mashel Str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya Str., 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
| | - Michael Martinov
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya Str., 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
| | - Elena Sinauridze
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare, Samora Mashel Str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya Str., 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
| | - Victor Vitvitsky
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya Str., 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
| | - Fazoil Ataullakhanov
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare, Samora Mashel Str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya Str., 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Per., 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Kundu S, Mondal D, Elramadi E, Valiyev I, Schmittel M. Parallel Allosteric Inhibition of Shuttling Motion and Catalysis in a Silver(I)-loaded [2]Rotaxane. Org Lett 2022; 24:6609-6613. [PMID: 36053156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic silver(I)-loaded [2]rotaxane shuttle (k298 = 135 kHz) was converted allosterically into a conformationally restricted [2]rotaxane due to the creation of a bulky imine in the center of the axle component. Only the dynamic silver(I)-loaded [2]rotaxane was able to catalyze a 6-endo-cyclization reaction, whereas the static one was catalytically quiet. The mechanism of catalyst deactivation was elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Kundu
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Debabrata Mondal
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Emad Elramadi
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Isa Valiyev
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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8
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Miller SG, Hafen PS, Law AS, Springer CB, Logsdon DL, O'Connell TM, Witczak CA, Brault JJ. AMP deamination is sufficient to replicate an atrophy-like metabolic phenotype in skeletal muscle. Metabolism 2021; 123:154864. [PMID: 34400216 PMCID: PMC8453098 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy, whether caused by chronic disease, acute critical illness, disuse or aging, is characterized by tissue-specific decrease in oxidative capacity and broad alterations in metabolism that contribute to functional decline. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these metabolic changes are largely unknown. One of the most highly upregulated genes in atrophic muscle is AMP deaminase 3 (AMPD3: AMP → IMP + NH3), which controls the content of intracellular adenine nucleotides (AdN; ATP + ADP + AMP). Given the central role of AdN in signaling mitochondrial gene expression and directly regulating metabolism, we hypothesized that overexpressing AMPD3 in muscle cells would be sufficient to alter their metabolic phenotype similar to that of atrophic muscle. METHODS AMPD3 and GFP (control) were overexpressed in mouse tibialis anterior (TA) muscles via plasmid electroporation and in C2C12 myotubes using adenovirus vectors. TA muscles were excised one week later, and AdN were quantified by UPLC. In myotubes, targeted measures of AdN, AMPK/PGC-1α/mitochondrial protein synthesis rates, unbiased metabolomics, and transcriptomics by RNA sequencing were measured after 24 h of AMPD3 overexpression. Media metabolites were measured as an indicator of net metabolic flux. At 48 h, the AMPK/PGC-1α/mitochondrial protein synthesis rates, and myotube respiratory function/capacity were measured. RESULTS TA muscles overexpressing AMPD3 had significantly less ATP than contralateral controls (-25%). In myotubes, increasing AMPD3 expression for 24 h was sufficient to significantly decrease ATP concentrations (-16%), increase IMP, and increase efflux of IMP catabolites into the culture media, without decreasing the ATP/ADP or ATP/AMP ratios. When myotubes were treated with dinitrophenol (mitochondrial uncoupler), AMPD3 overexpression blunted decreases in ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios but exacerbated AdN degradation. As such, pAMPK/AMPK, pACC/ACC, and phosphorylation of AMPK substrates, were unchanged by AMPD3 at this timepoint. AMPD3 significantly altered 191 out of 639 detected intracellular metabolites, but only 30 transcripts, none of which encoded metabolic enzymes. The most altered metabolites were those within purine nucleotide, BCAA, glycolysis, and ceramide metabolic pathways. After 48 h, AMPD3 overexpression significantly reduced pAMPK/AMPK (-24%), phosphorylation of AMPK substrates (-14%), and PGC-1α protein (-22%). Moreover, AMPD3 significantly reduced myotube mitochondrial protein synthesis rates (-55%), basal ATP synthase-dependent (-13%), and maximal uncoupled oxygen consumption (-15%). CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of AMPD3 significantly decreased mitochondrial protein synthesis rates and broadly altered cellular metabolites in a manner similar to that of atrophic muscle. Importantly, the changes in metabolites occurred prior to reductions in AMPK signaling, gene expression, and mitochondrial protein synthesis, suggesting metabolism is not dependent on reductions in oxidative capacity, but may be consequence of increased AMP deamination. Therefore, AMP deamination in skeletal muscle may be a mechanism that alters the metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscle during atrophy and could be a target to improve muscle function during muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer G Miller
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Paul S Hafen
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew S Law
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - David L Logsdon
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas M O'Connell
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carol A Witczak
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Brault
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Amara N, Cooper MP, Voronkova MA, Webb BA, Lynch EM, Kollman JM, Ma T, Yu K, Lai Z, Sangaraju D, Kayagaki N, Newton K, Bogyo M, Staben ST, Dixit VM. Selective activation of PFKL suppresses the phagocytic oxidative burst. Cell 2021; 184:4480-4494.e15. [PMID: 34320407 PMCID: PMC8802628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In neutrophils, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) generated via the pentose phosphate pathway fuels NADPH oxidase NOX2 to produce reactive oxygen species for killing invading pathogens. However, excessive NOX2 activity can exacerbate inflammation, as in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we use two unbiased chemical proteomic strategies to show that small-molecule LDC7559, or a more potent designed analog NA-11, inhibits the NOX2-dependent oxidative burst in neutrophils by activating the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 liver type (PFKL) and dampening flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. Accordingly, neutrophils treated with NA-11 had reduced NOX2-dependent outputs, including neutrophil cell death (NETosis) and tissue damage. A high-resolution structure of PFKL confirmed binding of NA-11 to the AMP/ADP allosteric activation site and explained why NA-11 failed to agonize phosphofructokinase-1 platelet type (PFKP) or muscle type (PFKM). Thus, NA-11 represents a tool for selective activation of PFKL, the main phosphofructokinase-1 isoform expressed in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri Amara
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Madison P Cooper
- Biochemistry Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Maria A Voronkova
- Biochemistry Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bradley A Webb
- Biochemistry Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Eric M Lynch
- Biochemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Biochemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Taylur Ma
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kebing Yu
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zijuan Lai
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kim Newton
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Pathology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven T Staben
- Discovery Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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10
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Lai T, Sun Y, Liu Y, Li R, Chen Y, Zhou T. Cinnamon Oil Inhibits Penicillium expansum Growth by Disturbing the Carbohydrate Metabolic Process. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020123. [PMID: 33572180 PMCID: PMC7915993 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium expansum is a major postharvest pathogen that mainly threatens the global pome fruit industry and causes great economic losses annually. In the present study, the antifungal effects and potential mechanism of cinnamon oil against P. expansum were investigated. Results indicated that 0.25 mg L−1 cinnamon oil could efficiently inhibit the spore germination, conidial production, mycelial accumulation, and expansion of P. expansum. In addition, it could effectively control blue mold rots induced by P. expansum in apples. Cinnamon oil could also reduce the expression of genes involved in patulin biosynthesis. Through a proteomic quantitative analysis, a total of 146 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in the carbohydrate metabolic process, most of which were down-regulated, were noticed for their large number and functional significance. Meanwhile, the expressions of 14 candidate genes corresponding to DEPs and the activities of six key regulatory enzymes (involving in cellulose hydrolyzation, Krebs circle, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway) showed a similar trend in protein levels. In addition, extracellular carbohydrate consumption, intracellular carbohydrate accumulation, and ATP production of P. expansum under cinnamon oil stress were significantly decreased. Basing on the correlated and mutually authenticated results, we speculated that disturbing the fungal carbohydrate metabolic process would be partly responsible for the inhibitory effects of cinnamon oil on P. expansum growth. The findings would provide new insights into the antimicrobial mode of cinnamon oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfei Lai
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; (T.L.); (R.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yangying Sun
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ran Li
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; (T.L.); (R.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; (T.L.); (R.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ting Zhou
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; (T.L.); (R.L.); (Y.C.)
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-571-28861007; Fax: +86-571-28866065
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11
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Park CK, Horton NC. Structures, functions, and mechanisms of filament forming enzymes: a renaissance of enzyme filamentation. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:927-994. [PMID: 31734826 PMCID: PMC6874960 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Filament formation by non-cytoskeletal enzymes has been known for decades, yet only relatively recently has its wide-spread role in enzyme regulation and biology come to be appreciated. This comprehensive review summarizes what is known for each enzyme confirmed to form filamentous structures in vitro, and for the many that are known only to form large self-assemblies within cells. For some enzymes, studies describing both the in vitro filamentous structures and cellular self-assembly formation are also known and described. Special attention is paid to the detailed structures of each type of enzyme filament, as well as the roles the structures play in enzyme regulation and in biology. Where it is known or hypothesized, the advantages conferred by enzyme filamentation are reviewed. Finally, the similarities, differences, and comparison to the SgrAI endonuclease system are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad K. Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Nancy C. Horton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
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12
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Kanai S, Shimada T, Narita T, Okabayashi K. Phosphofructokinase-1 and fructose bisphosphatase-1 in canine liver and kidney. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1515-1521. [PMID: 31474665 PMCID: PMC6863710 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy individuals, plasma glucose levels are maintained within a normal range.
During fasting, endogenous glucose is released either through glycogenolysis or
gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis involves the formation of glucose-6-phosphate from a
variety of precursors followed by its subsequent hydrolysis to glucose. Gluconeogenesis
occurs in the liver and the kidney. In order to compare gluconeogenesis in canine liver
and kidney, the activity and expression of the rate limiting enzymes that catalyze the
fructose-6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate steps, namely, phosphofructokinase-1
(PFK-1) (glycolysis) and fructose bisphosphatase-1 (FBP-1) (gluconeogenesis), were
examined. Healthy male and female beagle dogs aged 1–2 years were euthanized humanely, and
samples of their liver and kidney were obtained for analysis. The levels of PFK-1 and
FBP-1 in canine liver and kidney were assessed by enzymatic assays, Western blotting, and
RT-qPCR. Enzyme assays showed that, in dogs, the kidney had higher specific activity of
PFK-1 and FBP-1 than the liver. Western blotting and RT-qPCR data demonstrated that of the
three different subunits (PFK-M, PFK-L, and PFK-P) the PFK-1 in canine liver mainly
comprised PFK-L, whereas the PFK-1 in the canine kidney comprised all three subunits. As a
result of these differences in the subunit composition of PFK-1, glucose metabolism might
be regulated differently in the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Kanai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.,Mutsuai Animal Hospital, 577-7 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0813, Japan
| | - Takuro Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takanori Narita
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Ken Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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13
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Hsieh JY, Shih WT, Kuo YH, Liu GY, Hung HC. Functional Roles of Metabolic Intermediates in Regulating the Human Mitochondrial NAD(P) +-Dependent Malic Enzyme. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9081. [PMID: 31235710 PMCID: PMC6591397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme (m-NAD(P)-ME) has a dimer of dimers quaternary structure with two independent allosteric sites in each monomer. Here, we reveal the different effects of nucleotide ligands on the quaternary structure regulation and functional role of the human m-NAD(P)-ME exosite. In this study, size distribution analysis was utilized to investigate the monomer-dimer-tetramer equilibrium of m-NAD(P)-ME in the presence of different ligands, and the monomer-dimer (Kd,12) and dimer-tetramer (Kd,24) dissociation constants were determined with these ligands. With NAD+, the enzyme formed more tetramers, and its Kd,24 (0.06 µM) was 6-fold lower than the apoenzyme Kd,24 (0.34 µM). When ATP was present, the enzyme displayed more dimers, and its Kd,24 (2.74 µM) was 8-fold higher than the apoenzyme. Similar to the apoenzyme, the ADP-bound enzyme was present as a tetramer with a small amount of dimers and monomers. These results indicate that NAD+ promotes association of the dimeric enzyme into tetramers, whereas ATP stimulates dissociation of the tetrameric enzyme into dimers, and ADP has little effect on the tetrameric stability of the enzyme. A series of exosite mutants were created using site-directed mutagenesis. Size distribution analysis and kinetic studies of these mutants with NAD+ or ATP indicated that Arg197, Asn482 and Arg556 are essential for the ATP binding and ATP-induced dissociation of human m-NAD(P)-ME. In summary, the present results demonstrate that nucleotides perform discrete functions regulating the quaternary structure and catalysis of m-NAD(P)-ME. Such regulation by the binding of different nucleotides may be critically associated with the physiological concentrations of these ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Shih
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yaw Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,iEGG & Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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14
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Lang L, Chemmalakuzhy R, Shay C, Teng Y. PFKP Signaling at a Glance: An Emerging Mediator of Cancer Cell Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1134:243-258. [PMID: 30919341 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), a rate-determining enzyme of glycolysis, is an allosteric enzyme that regulates the oxidation of glucose in cellular respiration. Glycolysis phosphofructokinase platelet (PFKP) is the platelet isoform and works as an important mediator of cell metabolism. Considering that PFKP is a crucial player in many steps of cancer initiation and metastasis, we reviewed the specificities and complexities of PFKP and its biological roles in human diseases, especially malignant tumors. The possible use of PFKP as a diagnostic marker or a drug target in the prevention or treatment of cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ron Chemmalakuzhy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Chloe Shay
- The Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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15
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Cox AG, Tsomides A, Yimlamai D, Hwang KL, Miesfeld J, Galli GG, Fowl BH, Fort M, Ma KY, Sullivan MR, Hosios AM, Snay E, Yuan M, Brown KK, Lien EC, Chhangawala S, Steinhauser ML, Asara JM, Houvras Y, Link B, Vander Heiden MG, Camargo FD, Goessling W. Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.2018100294. [PMID: 30348863 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway and its nuclear effector Yap regulate organ size and cancer formation. While many modulators of Hippo activity have been identified, little is known about the Yap target genes that mediate these growth effects. Here, we show that yap -/- mutant zebrafish exhibit defects in hepatic progenitor potential and liver growth due to impaired glucose transport and nucleotide biosynthesis. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that Yap regulates expression of glucose transporter glut1, causing decreased glucose uptake and use for nucleotide biosynthesis in yap -/- mutants, and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. Nucleotide supplementation improves Yap deficiency phenotypes, indicating functional importance of glucose-fueled nucleotide biosynthesis. Yap-regulated glut1 expression and glucose uptake are conserved in mammals, suggesting that stimulation of anabolic glucose metabolism is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which the Hippo pathway controls organ growth. Together, our results reveal a central role for Hippo signaling in glucose metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Cox
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Tsomides
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie L Hwang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Giorgio G Galli
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan H Fowl
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Fort
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Y Ma
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark R Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erin Snay
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Yuan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sagar Chhangawala
- Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Link
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Webb BA, Dosey AM, Wittmann T, Kollman JM, Barber DL. The glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 assembles into filaments. J Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28646105 PMCID: PMC5551713 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201701084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite abundant knowledge of the regulation and biochemistry of glycolytic enzymes, we have limited understanding on how they are spatially organized in the cell. Emerging evidence indicates that nonglycolytic metabolic enzymes regulating diverse pathways can assemble into polymers. We now show tetramer- and substrate-dependent filament assembly by phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), which is considered the "gatekeeper" of glycolysis because it catalyzes the step committing glucose to breakdown. Recombinant liver PFK1 (PFKL) isoform, but not platelet PFK1 (PFKP) or muscle PFK1 (PFKM) isoforms, assembles into filaments. Negative-stain electron micrographs reveal that filaments are apolar and made of stacked tetramers oriented with exposed catalytic sites positioned along the edge of the polymer. Electron micrographs and biochemical data with a PFKL/PFKP chimera indicate that the PFKL regulatory domain mediates filament assembly. Quantified live-cell imaging shows dynamic properties of localized PFKL puncta that are enriched at the plasma membrane. These findings reveal a new behavior of a key glycolytic enzyme with insights on spatial organization and isoform-specific glucose metabolism in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Webb
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Anne M Dosey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Torsten Wittmann
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Diane L Barber
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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17
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Wang H, Nicolay BN, Chick JM, Gao X, Geng Y, Ren H, Gao H, Yang G, Williams JA, Suski JM, Keibler MA, Sicinska E, Gerdemann U, Haining WN, Roberts TM, Polyak K, Gygi SP, Dyson NJ, Sicinski P. The metabolic function of cyclin D3-CDK6 kinase in cancer cell survival. Nature 2017; 546:426-430. [PMID: 28607489 DOI: 10.1038/nature22797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
D-type cyclins (D1, D2 and D3) and their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6) are components of the core cell cycle machinery that drives cell proliferation. Inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6 are currently being tested in clinical trials for patients with several cancer types, with promising results. Here, using human cancer cells and patient-derived xenografts in mice, we show that the cyclin D3-CDK6 kinase phosphorylates and inhibits the catalytic activity of two key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, 6-phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase M2. This re-directs the glycolytic intermediates into the pentose phosphate (PPP) and serine pathways. Inhibition of cyclin D3-CDK6 in tumour cells reduces flow through the PPP and serine pathways, thereby depleting the antioxidants NADPH and glutathione. This, in turn, increases the levels of reactive oxygen species and causes apoptosis of tumour cells. The pro-survival function of cyclin D-associated kinase operates in tumours expressing high levels of cyclin D3-CDK6 complexes. We propose that measuring the levels of cyclin D3-CDK6 in human cancers might help to identify tumour subsets that undergo cell death and tumour regression upon inhibition of CDK4 and CDK6. Cyclin D3-CDK6, through its ability to link cell cycle and cell metabolism, represents a particularly powerful oncoprotein that affects cancer cells at several levels, and this property can be exploited for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Brandon N Nicolay
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Joel M Chick
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xueliang Gao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hui Gao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Guizhi Yang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Juliet A Williams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jan M Suski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mark A Keibler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Ewa Sicinska
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ulrike Gerdemann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Thomas M Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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18
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Abstract
Phosphofructokinase-1 (Pfk) acts as the main control point of flux through glycolysis. It is involved in complex allosteric regulation and Pfk mutations have been linked to cancer development. Whereas the 3D structure and structural basis of allosteric regulation of prokaryotic Pfk has been studied in great detail, our knowledge about the molecular basis of the allosteric behaviour of the more complex mammalian Pfk is still very limited. To characterize the structural basis of allosteric regulation, the subunit interfaces and the functional consequences of modifications in Tarui's disease and cancer, we analysed the physiological homotetramer of human platelet Pfk at up to 2.67 Å resolution in two crystal forms. The crystallized enzyme is permanently activated by a deletion of the 22 C-terminal residues. Complex structures with ADP and fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and with ATP suggest a role of three aspartates in the deprotonation of the OH-nucleophile of F6P and in the co-ordination of the catalytic magnesium ion. Changes at the dimer interface, including an asymmetry observed in both crystal forms, are the primary mechanism of allosteric regulation of Pfk by influencing the F6P-binding site. Whereas the nature of this conformational switch appears to be largely conserved in bacterial, yeast and mammalian Pfk, initiation of these changes differs significantly in eukaryotic Pfk.
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19
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Webb BA, Forouhar F, Szu FE, Seetharaman J, Tong L, Barber DL. Structures of human phosphofructokinase-1 and atomic basis of cancer-associated mutations. Nature 2015; 523:111-4. [PMID: 25985179 PMCID: PMC4510984 DOI: 10.1038/nature14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), the “gatekeeper” of glycolysis, catalyses the committed step of the glycolytic pathway by converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Allosteric activation and inhibition of PFK1 by over 10 metabolites and in response to hormonal signaling fine-tune glycolytic flux to meet energy requirements1. Mutations inhibiting PFK1 activity cause glycogen storage disease type VII, also known as Tarui disease2, and mice deficient in muscle PFK1 have decreased fat stores3. Additionally, PFK1 is suggested to have important roles in metabolic reprograming in cancer4,5. Despite its critical role in glucose flux, the biologically relevant crystal structure of the mammalian PFK1 tetramer has not been determined. We report here the first structures of the mammalian PFK1 tetramer, for the human platelet isoform (PFKP), in complex with ATP-Mg2+ and ADP at 3.1 and 3.4 Å, respectively. The structures reveal substantial conformational changes in the enzyme upon nucleotide hydrolysis as well as a unique tetramer interface. Mutations of residues in this interface can affect tetramer formation, enzyme catalysis and regulation, indicating the functional importance of the tetramer. With altered glycolytic flux being a hallmark of cancers6, these new structures allow a molecular understanding of the functional consequences of somatic PFK1 mutations identified in human cancers. We characterized three of these mutations and show they have distinct effects on allosteric regulation of PFKP activity and lactate production. The PFKP structural blueprint for somatic mutations as well as the catalytic site can guide therapeutic targeting of PFK1 activity to control dysregulated glycolysis in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Webb
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Farhad Forouhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Fu-En Szu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jayaraman Seetharaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Diane L Barber
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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20
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Kloos M, Brüser A, Kirchberger J, Schöneberg T, Sträter N. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of human muscle phosphofructokinase, the main regulator of glycolysis. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:578-82. [PMID: 24817713 PMCID: PMC4014322 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14008723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the three-dimensional structure and the structural basis of the allosteric regulation of prokaryotic 6-phosphofructokinases (Pfks) have been studied in great detail, knowledge of the molecular basis of the allosteric behaviour of the far more complex mammalian Pfks is still very limited. The human muscle isozyme was expressed heterologously in yeast cells and purified using a five-step purification protocol. Protein crystals suitable for diffraction experiments were obtained by the vapour-diffusion method. The crystals belonged to space group P6222 and diffracted to 6.0 Å resolution. The 3.2 Å resolution structure of rabbit muscle Pfk (rmPfk) was placed into the asymmetric unit and optimized by rigid-body and group B-factor refinement. Interestingly, the tetrameric enzyme dissociated into a dimer, similar to the situation observed in the structure of rmPfk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Kloos
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Brüser
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kirchberger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Stine ZE, Dang CV. Stress eating and tuning out: cancer cells re-wire metabolism to counter stress. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 48:609-19. [PMID: 24099138 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.844093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram metabolism to maintain rapid proliferation under often stressful conditions. Glycolysis and glutaminolysis are two central pathways that fuel cancer metabolism. Allosteric regulation and metabolite driven post-translational modifications of key metabolic enzymes allow cancer cells glycolysis and glutaminolysis to respond to changes in nutrient availability and the tumor microenvironment. While increased aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) has been a noted part of cancer metabolism for over 80 years, recent work has shown that the elevated levels of glycolytic intermediates are critical to cancer growth and metabolism due to their ability to feed into the anabolic pathways branching off glycolysis such as the pentose phosphate pathway and serine biosynthesis pathway. The key glycolytic enzymes phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), pyruvate kinase (PKM2) and phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) are regulated by upstream and downstream metabolites to balance glycolytic flux with flux through anabolic pathways. Glutamine regulation is tightly controlled by metabolic intermediates that allosterically inhibit and activate glutamate dehydrogenase, which fuels the tricarboxylic acid cycle by converting glutamine derived glutamate to α-ketoglutarate. The elucidation of these key allosteric regulatory hubs in cancer metabolism will be essential for understanding and predicting how cancer cells will respond to drugs that target metabolism. Additionally, identification of the structures involved in allosteric regulation will inform the design of anti-metabolism drugs which bypass the off-target effects of substrate mimics. Hence, this review aims to provide an overview of allosteric control of glycolysis and glutaminolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary E Stine
- Abramson Cancer Center, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
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Brüser A, Kirchberger J, Schöneberg T. Altered allosteric regulation of muscle 6-phosphofructokinase causes Tarui disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:133-7. [PMID: 22995305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tarui disease is a glycogen storage disease (GSD VII) and characterized by exercise intolerance with muscle weakness and cramping, mild myopathy, myoglobinuria and compensated hemolysis. It is caused by mutations in the muscle 6-phosphofructokinase (Pfk). Pfk is an oligomeric, allosteric enzyme which catalyzes one of the rate-limiting steps of the glycolysis: the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate at position 1. Pfk activity is modulated by a number of regulators including adenine nucleotides. Recent crystal structures from eukaryotic Pfk displayed several allosteric adenine nucleotide binding sites. Functional studies revealed a reciprocal linkage between the activating and inhibitory allosteric binding sites. Herein, we showed that Asp(543)Ala, a naturally occurring disease-causing mutation in the activating binding site, causes an increased efficacy of ATP at the inhibitory allosteric binding site. The reciprocal linkage between the activating and inhibitory binding sites leads to reduced enzyme activity and therefore to the clinical phenotype. Pharmacological blockage of the inhibitory allosteric binding site or highly efficient ligands for the activating allosteric binding site may be of therapeutic relevance for patients with Tarui disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Brüser
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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