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Duarte-Silva AT, Ximenes LGR, Guimarães-Souza M, Domith I, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Chemical signaling in the developing avian retina: Focus on cyclic AMP and AKT-dependent pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1058925. [PMID: 36568967 PMCID: PMC9780464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1058925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between developing progenitor cells as well as differentiated neurons and glial cells in the nervous system is made through direct cell contacts and chemical signaling mediated by different molecules. Several of these substances are synthesized and released by developing cells and play roles since early stages of Central Nervous System development. The chicken retina is a very suitable model for neurochemical studies, including the study of regulation of signaling pathways during development. Among advantages of the model are its very well-known histogenesis, the presence of most neurotransmitter systems found in the brain and the possibility to make cultures of neurons and/or glial cells where many neurochemical functions develop in a similar way than in the intact embryonic tissue. In the chicken retina, some neurotransmitters or neuromodulators as dopamine, adenosine, and others are coupled to cyclic AMP production or adenylyl cyclase inhibition since early stages of development. Other substances as vitamin C and nitric oxide are linked to the major neurotransmitter glutamate and AKT metabolism. All these different systems regulate signaling pathways, including PKA, PKG, SRC, AKT and ERK, and the activation of the transcription factor CREB. Dopamine and adenosine stimulate cAMP accumulation in the chick embryo retina through activation of D1 and A2a receptors, respectively, but the onset of dopamine stimulation is much earlier than that of adenosine. However, adenosine can inhibit adenylyl cyclase and modulate dopamine-dependent cAMP increase since early developmental stages through A1 receptors. Dopamine stimulates different PKA as well as EPAC downstream pathways both in intact tissue and in culture as the CSK-SRC pathway modulating glutamate NMDA receptors as well as vitamin C release and CREB phosphorylation. By the other hand, glutamate modulates nitric oxide production and AKT activation in cultured retinal cells and this pathway controls neuronal survival in retina. Glutamate and adenosine stimulate the release of vitamin C and this vitamin regulates the transport of glutamate, activation of NMDA receptors and AKT phosphorylation in cultured retinal cells. In the present review we will focus on these reciprocal interactions between neurotransmitters or neuromodulators and different signaling pathways during retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. Duarte-Silva
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - L. G. R. Ximenes
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - M. Guimarães-Souza
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - I. Domith
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - R. Paes-de-Carvalho
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,*Correspondence: R. Paes-de-Carvalho,
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2
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Socodato R, Portugal CC, Canedo T, Rodrigues A, Almeida TO, Henriques JF, Vaz SH, Magalhães J, Silva CM, Baptista FI, Alves RL, Coelho-Santos V, Silva AP, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Magalhães A, Brakebusch C, Sebastião AM, Summavielle T, Ambrósio AF, Relvas JB. Microglia Dysfunction Caused by the Loss of Rhoa Disrupts Neuronal Physiology and Leads to Neurodegeneration. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107796. [PMID: 32579923 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous tissue homeostasis requires the regulation of microglia activity. Using conditional gene targeting in mice, we demonstrate that genetic ablation of the small GTPase Rhoa in adult microglia is sufficient to trigger spontaneous microglia activation, producing a neurological phenotype (including synapse and neuron loss, impairment of long-term potentiation [LTP], formation of β-amyloid plaques, and memory deficits). Mechanistically, loss of Rhoa in microglia triggers Src activation and Src-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, leading to excitotoxic glutamate secretion. Inhibiting Src in microglia Rhoa-deficient mice attenuates microglia dysregulation and the ensuing neurological phenotype. We also find that the Rhoa/Src signaling pathway is disrupted in microglia of the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer disease and that low doses of Aβ oligomers trigger microglia neurotoxic polarization through the disruption of Rhoa-to-Src signaling. Overall, our results indicate that disturbing Rho GTPase signaling in microglia can directly cause neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Canedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago O Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana F Henriques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia M Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa I Baptista
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renata L Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Molecular Pathology Section, BRIC, Københavns Biocenter, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regeneration and Precision Medicine, Porto Campus, Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Portugal CC, da Encarnação TG, Sagrillo MA, Pereira MR, Relvas JB, Socodato R, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Activation of adenosine A3 receptors regulates vitamin C transport and redox balance in neurons. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:43-55. [PMID: 33307167 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an important neuromodulator in the CNS, regulating neuronal survival and synaptic transmission. The antioxidant ascorbate (the reduced form of vitamin C) is concentrated in CNS neurons through a sodium-dependent transporter named SVCT2 and participates in several CNS processes, for instance, the regulation of glutamate receptors functioning and the synthesis of neuromodulators. Here we studied the interplay between the adenosinergic system and ascorbate transport in neurons. We found that selective activation of A3, but not of A1 or A2a, adenosine receptors modulated ascorbate transport, decreasing intracellular ascorbate content. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) analyses showed that A3 receptors associate with the ascorbate transporter SVCT2, suggesting tight signaling compartmentalization between A3 receptors and SVCT2. The activation of A3 receptors increased ascorbate release in an SVCT2-dependent manner, which largely altered the neuronal redox status without interfering with cell death, glycolytic metabolism, and bioenergetics. Overall, by regulating vitamin C transport, the adenosinergic system (via activation of A3 receptors) can regulate ascorbate bioavailability and control the redox balance in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Mayara A Sagrillo
- Department of Neurobiology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Pereira
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
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Cossenza M, Socodato R, Mejía-García TA, Domith I, Portugal CC, Gladulich LFH, Duarte-Silva AT, Khatri L, Antoine S, Hofmann F, Ziff EB, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Protein synthesis inhibition promotes nitric oxide generation and activation of CGKII-dependent downstream signaling pathways in the retina. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118732. [PMID: 32360667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is an important neuromodulator in the CNS, and its production within neurons is modulated by NMDA receptors and requires a fine-tuned availability of L-arginine. We have previously shown that globally inhibiting protein synthesis mobilizes intracellular L-arginine "pools" in retinal neurons, which concomitantly enhances neuronal nitric oxide synthase-mediated nitric oxide production. Activation of NMDA receptors also induces local inhibition of protein synthesis and L-arginine intracellular accumulation through calcium influx and stimulation of eucariotic elongation factor type 2 kinase. We hypothesized that protein synthesis inhibition might also increase intracellular L-arginine availability to induce nitric oxide-dependent activation of downstream signaling pathways. Here we show that nitric oxide produced by inhibiting protein synthesis (using cycloheximide or anisomycin) is readily coupled to AKT activation in a soluble guanylyl cyclase and cGKII-dependent manner. Knockdown of cGKII prevents cycloheximide or anisomycin-induced AKT activation and its nuclear accumulation. Moreover, in retinas from cGKII knockout mice, cycloheximide was unable to enhance AKT phosphorylation. Indeed, cycloheximide also produces an increase of ERK phosphorylation which is abrogated by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. In summary, we show that inhibition of protein synthesis is a previously unanticipated driving force for nitric oxide generation and activation of downstream signaling pathways including AKT and ERK in cultured retinal cells. These results may be important for the regulation of synaptic signaling and neuronal development by NMDA receptors as well as for solving conflicting data observed when using protein synthesis inhibitors for studying neuronal survival during development as well in behavior and memory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Cossenza
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Renato Socodato
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Telmo A Mejía-García
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivan Domith
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis F H Gladulich
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline T Duarte-Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Latika Khatri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shannon Antoine
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Franz Hofmann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der TU-München, Munich, Germany
| | - Edward B Ziff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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5
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Ivanova VO, Balaban PM, Bal NV. Modulation of AMPA Receptors by Nitric Oxide in Nerve Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030981. [PMID: 32024149 PMCID: PMC7038066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule with a large number of functions in living tissue. In the brain, NO participates in numerous intracellular mechanisms, including synaptic plasticity and cell homeostasis. NO elicits synaptic changes both through various multi-chain cascades and through direct nitrosylation of targeted proteins. Along with the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, one of the key components in synaptic functioning are α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors—the main target for long-term modifications of synaptic effectivity. AMPA receptors have been shown to participate in most of the functions important for neuronal activity, including memory formation. Interactions of NO and AMPA receptors were observed in important phenomena, such as glutamatergic excitotoxicity in retinal cells, synaptic plasticity, and neuropathologies. This review focuses on existing findings that concern pathways by which NO interacts with AMPA receptors, influences properties of different subunits of AMPA receptors, and regulates the receptors’ surface expression.
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6
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Portugal CC, da Encarnação TG, Domith I, Dos Santos Rodrigues A, de Oliveira NA, Socodato R, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Dopamine-Induced Ascorbate Release From Retinal Neurons Involves Glutamate Release, Activation of AMPA/Kainate Receptors and Downstream Signaling Pathways. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:453. [PMID: 31143097 PMCID: PMC6521073 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate, the reduced form of Vitamin C, is one of the most abundant and important low-molecular weight antioxidants in living tissues. Most animals synthesize vitamin C, but some primates, including humans, have lost this capacity due to disruption in L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase gene. Because of this incapacity, those animals must obtain Vitamin C from the diet. Ascorbate is highly concentrated in the central nervous system (CNS), including the retina, and plays essential roles in neuronal physiology. Ascorbate transport into cells is controlled by Sodium Vitamin C Co-Transporters (SVCTs). There are four SVCT isoforms and SVCT2 is the major isoform controlling ascorbate transport in the CNS. Regarding ascorbate release from retinal neurons, Glutamate, by activating its ionotropic receptors leads to ascorbate release via the reversion of SVCT2. Moreover, dopamine, via activation of D1 receptor/cyclic AMP/EPAC2 pathway, also induces ascorbate release via SVCT2 reversion. Because the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems are interconnected in the CNS, we hypothesized that dopamine could regulate ascorbate release indirectly, via the glutamatergic system. Here we reveal that dopamine increases the release of D-Aspartate from retinal neurons in a way independent on calcium ions and dependent on excitatory amino acid transporters. In addition, dopamine-dependent SVCT2 reversion leading to ascorbate release occurs by activation of AMPA/Kainate receptors and downstream ERK/AKT pathways. Overall, our data reveal a dopamine-to-glutamate signaling that regulates the bioavailability of ascorbate in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cabral Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Thaísa Godinho da Encarnação
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ivan Domith
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Nádia Almeida de Oliveira
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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7
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Shin MS, Song SH, Shin JE, Lee SH, Huh SO, Park D. Src-mediated phosphorylation of βPix-b regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.224980. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PAK-interacting guanine nucleotide exchange factor (βPix) has been implicated in many actin-based cellular processes including spine morphogenesis in neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms by which βPix controls spine morphology remain elusive. Previously, we have reported the expression of several alternative spliced βPix isoforms in the brain. Here, we report a novel finding that the b isoform of βPix (βPix-b) mediates regulation of spine and synapse formation. We found that βPix-b, which is mainly expressed in neurons, enhances spine and synapse formation through preferential localization at spines. In neurons, glutamate treatment efficiently stimulates Rac1 GEF activity of βPix-b. The glutamate stimulation also promotes Src kinase-mediated phosphorylation of βPix-b in both AMPA receptor- and NMDA receptor-dependent manner. Tyrosine 598 (Y598) of βPix-b is identified as the major Src-mediated phosphorylation site. Finally, Y598 phosphorylation of βPix-b enhances its Rac1 GEF activity that is critical for spine and synapse formation. In conclusion, we provide a novel mechanism by which βPix-b regulates activity-dependent spinogenesis and synaptogenesis via Src-mediated phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-seon Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-ho Song
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Current address: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Current address: KU Advanced Graduate Program for Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hye Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Current address: Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sung-Oh Huh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Dopamine Promotes Ascorbate Release from Retinal Neurons: Role of D1 Receptors and the Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP type 2 (EPAC2). Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7858-7871. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Portugal CC, Socodato R, Canedo T, Silva CM, Martins T, Coreixas VSM, Loiola EC, Gess B, Röhr D, Santiago AR, Young P, Minshall RD, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Ambrósio AF, Relvas JB. Caveolin-1-mediated internalization of the vitamin C transporter SVCT2 in microglia triggers an inflammatory phenotype. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/472/eaal2005. [PMID: 28351945 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C is essential for the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). The plasma membrane sodium-vitamin C cotransporter 2 (SVCT2) is the primary mediator of vitamin C uptake in neurons. SVCT2 specifically transports ascorbate, the reduced form of vitamin C, which acts as a reducing agent. We demonstrated that ascorbate uptake through SVCT2 was critical for the homeostasis of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS that are essential for proper functioning of the nervous tissue. We found that depletion of SVCT2 from the plasma membrane triggered a proinflammatory phenotype in microglia and resulted in microglia activation. Src-mediated phosphorylation of caveolin-1 on Tyr14 in microglia induced the internalization of SVCT2. Ascorbate treatment, SVCT2 overexpression, or blocking SVCT2 internalization prevented the activation of microglia. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of the ascorbate transport system for microglial homeostasis and hints that dysregulation of ascorbate transport might play a role in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Canedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia M Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Martins
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vivian S M Coreixas
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Outeiro São João Batista, 24020-971 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erick C Loiola
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Outeiro São João Batista, 24020-971 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Burkhard Gess
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Röhr
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Ana R Santiago
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Peter Young
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Outeiro São João Batista, 24020-971 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Cysteine 893 is a target of regulatory thiol modifications of GluA1 AMPA receptors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171489. [PMID: 28152104 PMCID: PMC5289633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that glutamatergic signaling involves, and is regulated by, thiol modifying and redox-active compounds. In this study, we examined the role of a reactive cysteine residue, Cys-893, in the cytosolic C-terminal tail of GluA1 AMPA receptor as a potential regulatory target. Elimination of the thiol function by substitution of serine for Cys-893 led to increased steady-state expression level and strongly reduced interaction with SAP97, a major cytosolic interaction partner of GluA1 C-terminus. Moreover, we found that of the three cysteine residues in GluA1 C-terminal tail, Cys-893 is the predominant target for S-nitrosylation induced by exogenous nitric oxide donors in cultured cells and lysates. Co-precipitation experiments provided evidence for native association of SAP97 with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and for the potential coupling of Ca2+-permeable GluA1 receptors with nNOS via SAP97. Our results show that Cys-893 can serve as a molecular target for regulatory thiol modifications of GluA1 receptors, including the effects of nitric oxide.
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Dopamine promotes NMDA receptor hypofunction in the retina through D 1 receptor-mediated Csk activation, Src inhibition and decrease of GluN2B phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40912. [PMID: 28098256 PMCID: PMC5241882 DOI: 10.1038/srep40912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and glutamate are critical neurotransmitters involved in light-induced synaptic activity in the retina. In brain neurons, dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) and the cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase Src can, independently, modulate the behavior of NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs). Here we studied the interplay between D1Rs, Src and NMDARs in retinal neurons. We reveal that dopamine-mediated D1R stimulation provoked NMDAR hypofunction in retinal neurons by attenuating NMDA-gated currents, by preventing NMDA-elicited calcium mobilization and by decreasing the phosphorylation of NMDAR subunit GluN2B. This dopamine effect was dependent on upregulation of the canonical D1R/adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/PKA pathway, of PKA-induced activation of C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and of Src inhibition. Accordingly, knocking down Csk or overexpressing a Csk phosphoresistant Src mutant abrogated the dopamine-induced NMDAR hypofunction. Overall, the interplay between dopamine and NMDAR hypofunction, through the D1R/Csk/Src/GluN2B pathway, might impact on light-regulated synaptic activity in retinal neurons.
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Socodato R, Portugal CC, Canedo T, Domith I, Oliveira NA, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Relvas JB, Cossenza M. c-Src deactivation by the polyphenol 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid abrogates reactive oxygen species-mediated glutamate release from microglia and neuronal excitotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:45-55. [PMID: 25486178 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA) is an isomer of chlorogenic acid, which has been shown to regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in microglia. Whereas overactivation of microglia is associated with neuronal loss in brain diseases via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and glutamate excitotoxicity, naïve (nonactivated) microglia are believed to generate little ROS under basal conditions, contributing to the modulation of synaptic activity and nerve tissue repair. However, the signaling pathways controlling basal ROS homeostasis in microglial cells are still poorly understood. Here we used time-lapse microscopy coupled with highly sensitive FRET biosensors (for detecting c-Src activation, ROS generation, and glutamate release) and lentivirus-mediated shRNA delivery to study the pathways involved in antioxidant-regulated ROS generation and how this associates with microglia-induced neuronal cell death. We report that 3-CQA abrogates the acquisition of an amoeboid morphology in microglia triggered by Aβ oligomers or the HIV Tat peptide. Moreover, 3-CQA deactivates c-Src tyrosine kinase and abrogates c-Src activation during proinflammatory microglia stimulation, which shuts off ROS production in these cells. Moreover, forced increment of c-Src catalytic activity by overexpressing an inducible c-Src heteromerization construct in microglia increases ROS production, abrogating the 3-CQA effects. Whereas oxidant (hydrogen peroxide) stimulation dramatically enhances glutamate release from microglia, such release is diminished by the 3-CQA inhibition of c-Src/ROS generation, significantly alleviating cell death in cultures from embryonic neurons. Overall, we provide further mechanistic insight into the modulation of ROS production in cortical microglia, indicating antioxidant-regulated c-Src function as a pathway for controlling microglia-triggered oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Socodato
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Canedo
- Addiction Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivan Domith
- Neurosciences Program, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Nadia A Oliveira
- Neurosciences Program, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Neurosciences Program, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil
| | - João B Relvas
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Cossenza
- Neurosciences Program, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil.
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Socodato R, Portugal CC, Domith I, Oliveira NA, Coreixas VSM, Loiola EC, Martins T, Santiago AR, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Ambrósio AF, Relvas JB. c-Src function is necessary and sufficient for triggering microglial cell activation. Glia 2014; 63:497-511. [PMID: 25421817 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system. Their function is essential for neuronal tissue homeostasis. After inflammatory stimuli, microglial cells become activated changing from a resting and highly ramified cell shape to an amoeboid-like morphology. These morphological changes are associated with the release of proinflammatory cytokines and glutamate, as well as with high phagocytic activity. The acquisition of such phenotype has been associated with activation of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, including those of the Src family (SFKs). In this study, using both in vivo and in vitro inflammation models coupled to FRET-based time-lapse microscopy, lentiviruses-mediated shRNA delivery and genetic gain-of-function experiments, we demonstrate that among SFKs c-Src function is necessary and sufficient for triggering microglia proinflammatory signature, glutamate release, microglia-induced neuronal loss, and phagocytosis. c-Src inhibition in retinal neuroinflammation experimental paradigms consisting of intravitreal injection of LPS or ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly reduced microglia activation changing their morphology to a more resting phenotype and prevented neuronal apoptosis. Our data demonstrate an essential role for c-Src in microglial cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Jayakar SS, Pugh PC, Dale Z, Starr ER, Cole S, Margiotta JF. PACAP induces plasticity at autonomic synapses by nAChR-dependent NOS1 activation and AKAP-mediated PKA targeting. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 63:1-12. [PMID: 25168001 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide found at synapses throughout the central and autonomic nervous system. We previously found that PACAP engages a selective G-protein coupled receptor (PAC1R) on ciliary ganglion neurons to rapidly enhance quantal acetylcholine (ACh) release from presynaptic terminals via neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) and cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (PKA) dependent processes. Here, we examined how PACAP stimulates NO production and targets resultant outcomes to synapses. Scavenging extracellular NO blocked PACAP-induced plasticity supporting a retrograde (post- to presynaptic) NO action on ACh release. Live-cell imaging revealed that PACAP stimulates NO production by mechanisms requiring NOS1, PKA and Ca(2+) influx. Ca(2+)-permeable nicotinic ACh receptors composed of α7 subunits (α7-nAChRs) are potentiated by PKA-dependent PACAP/PAC1R signaling and were required for PACAP-induced NO production and synaptic plasticity since both outcomes were drastically reduced following their selective inhibition. Co-precipitation experiments showed that NOS1 associates with α7-nAChRs, many of which are perisynaptic, as well as with heteromeric α3*-nAChRs that generate the bulk of synaptic activity. NOS1-nAChR physical association could facilitate NO production at perisynaptic and adjacent postsynaptic sites to enhance focal ACh release from juxtaposed presynaptic terminals. The synaptic outcomes of PACAP/PAC1R signaling are localized by PKA anchoring proteins (AKAPs). PKA regulatory-subunit overlay assays identified five AKAPs in ganglion lysates, including a prominent neuronal subtype. Moreover, PACAP-induced synaptic plasticity was selectively blocked when PKA regulatory-subunit binding to AKAPs was inhibited. Taken together, our findings indicate that PACAP/PAC1R signaling coordinates nAChR, NOS1 and AKAP activities to induce targeted, retrograde plasticity at autonomic synapses. Such coordination has broad relevance for understanding the control of autonomic synapses and consequent visceral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn S Jayakar
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, United States.
| | - Phyllis C Pugh
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, United States.
| | - Zack Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, United States.
| | - Eric R Starr
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, United States.
| | - Samantha Cole
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, United States.
| | - Joseph F Margiotta
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, United States.
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Sánchez-Ruiloba L, Aicart-Ramos C, García-Guerra L, Pose-Utrilla J, Rodríguez-Crespo I, Iglesias T. Protein kinase D interacts with neuronal nitric oxide synthase and phosphorylates the activatory residue serine 1412. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95191. [PMID: 24740233 PMCID: PMC3989272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) is the biosynthetic enzyme responsible for nitric oxide (·NO) production in muscles and in the nervous system. This constitutive enzyme, unlike its endothelial and inducible counterparts, presents an N-terminal PDZ domain known to display a preference for PDZ-binding motifs bearing acidic residues at -2 position. In a previous work, we discovered that the C-terminal end of two members of protein kinase D family (PKD1 and PKD2) constitutes a PDZ-ligand. PKD1 has been shown to regulate multiple cellular processes and, when activated, becomes autophosphorylated at Ser916, a residue located at -2 position of its PDZ-binding motif. Since nNOS and PKD are spatially enriched in postsynaptic densities and dendrites, the main objective of our study was to determine whether PKD1 activation could result in a direct interaction with nNOS through their respective PDZ-ligand and PDZ domain, and to analyze the functional consequences of this interaction. Herein we demonstrate that PKD1 associates with nNOS in neurons and in transfected cells, and that kinase activation enhances PKD1-nNOS co-immunoprecipitation and subcellular colocalization. However, transfection of mammalian cells with PKD1 mutants and yeast two hybrid assays showed that the association of these two enzymes does not depend on PKD1 PDZ-ligand but its pleckstrin homology domain. Furthermore, this domain was able to pull-down nNOS from brain extracts and bind to purified nNOS, indicating that it mediates a direct PKD1-nNOS interaction. In addition, using mass spectrometry we demonstrate that PKD1 specifically phosphorylates nNOS in the activatory residue Ser1412, and that this phosphorylation increases nNOS activity and ·NO production in living cells. In conclusion, these novel findings reveal a crucial role of PKD1 in the regulation of nNOS activation and synthesis of ·NO, a mediator involved in physiological neuronal signaling or neurotoxicity under pathological conditions such as ischemic stroke or neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sánchez-Ruiloba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Aicart-Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Guerra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Pose-Utrilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Crespo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (IRC); (TI)
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (IRC); (TI)
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Di Vito A, Mele M, Piscioneri A, Morelli S, Bartolo LD, Barni T, Facciolo RM, Canonaco M. Overstimulation of glutamate signals leads to hippocampal transcriptional plasticity in hamsters. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:501-9. [PMID: 24532154 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It's known that neurons in mammalian hibernators are more tolerant to hypoxia than those in non-hibernating species and as a consequence animals are capable of awakening from the arousal state without exhibiting cerebral damages. In addition, evidences have suggested that euthermic hamster neurons display protective adaptations against hypoxia, while those of rats are not capable, even though molecular mechanisms involved in similar neuroprotective strategies have not been yet fully studied. In the present work, overstimulation of glutamatergic receptors NMDA recognized as one of the major death-promoting element in hypoxia, accounted for altered network complexity consistent with a moderate reduction of hippocampal neuronal survival (p < 0.05) in hamsters. These alterations appeared to be featured concomitantly with altered glutamatergic signaling as indicated by significant down-regulation (p < 0.01) of NMDAergic (NR2A) and AMPAergic (GluR1, R2) receptor subtypes together with the metabotropic mGluR5 subtype. Diminished mRNA levels were also reported for NMDA receptor binding factors and namely PSD95 plus DREAM, which exert positive and negative regulatory properties, respectively, on receptor trafficking events. Conversely, involvement of glutamatergic signaling systems on neuronal excitotoxicity was strengthened by the co-activation of GABAAR-mediated effects as indicated by toxic morphological effects being notably reduced along with up-regulated GluR1, GluR2, mGluR5, DREAM, and Homer1c scaffold proteins when muscimol was added. Overall, these results point to a neuroprotective role of the GABAergic system against excitotoxicity episodes via DREAM-dependent inhibition of NMDA receptor and activation of AMPA receptor plus mGluR5, respectively, thus proposing them as novel therapeutic targets against cerebral ischemic damages in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Vito
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy,
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The nitric oxide-cGKII system relays death and survival signals during embryonic retinal development via AKT-induced CREB1 activation. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:915-28. [PMID: 24531539 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During early neurogenesis, retinal neuronal cells display a conserved differentiation program in vertebrates. Previous studies established that nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP accumulation regulate essential events in retinal physiology. Here we used pharmacological and genetic loss-of-function to investigate the effects of NO and its downstream signaling pathway in the survival of developing avian retinal neurons in vitro and in vivo. Six-day-old (E6) chick retinal cells displayed increased calcium influx and produced higher amounts of NO when compared with E8 cells. L-arginine (substrate for NO biosynthesis) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP; a nitrosothiol NO donor) promoted extensive cell death in E6 retinas, whereas in E8 both substances decreased apoptosis. The effect of NO at both periods was mediated by soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and cGMP-dependent kinase (cGK) activation. In addition, shRNA-mediated cGKII knockdown prevented NO-induced cell death (E6) and cell survival (E8). This, NO-induced cell death or cell survival was not correlated with an early inhibition of retinal cell proliferation. E6 cells also responded differentially from E8 neurons regarding cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) activation in the retina in vivo. NO strongly decreased nuclear phospho-CREB staining in E6 but it robustly enhanced CREB phosphorylation in the nuclei of E8 neurons, an effect that was completely abrogated by cGKII shRNAs at both embryonic stages. The ability of NO in regulating CREB differentially during retinal development relied on the capacity of cGKII in decreasing (E6) or increasing (E8) nuclear AKT (V-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene) activation. Accordingly, inhibiting AKT prevented both cGKII shRNA-mediated CREB upregulation in E6 and SNAP-induced CREB activation in E8. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated in vivo cGKII or in vitro CREB1 knockdown confirmed that NO/cGKII dualistically regulated the downstream CREB1 pathway and caspase activation in the chick retina to modulate neuronal viability. These data demonstrate that NO-mediated cGKII signaling may function to control the viability of neuronal cells during early retinal development via AKT/CREB1 activity.
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Cossenza M, Socodato R, Portugal CC, Domith ICL, Gladulich LFH, Encarnação TG, Calaza KC, Mendonça HR, Campello-Costa P, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Nitric oxide in the nervous system: biochemical, developmental, and neurobiological aspects. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2014; 96:79-125. [PMID: 25189385 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800254-4.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a very reactive molecule, and its short half-life would make it virtually invisible until its discovery. NO activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), increasing 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels to activate PKGs. Although NO triggers several phosphorylation cascades due to its ability to react with Fe II in heme-containing proteins such as sGC, it also promotes a selective posttranslational modification in cysteine residues by S-nitrosylation, impacting on protein function, stability, and allocation. In the central nervous system (CNS), NO synthesis usually requires a functional coupling of nitric oxide synthase I (NOS I) and proteins such as NMDA receptors or carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of NOS (CAPON), which is critical for specificity and triggering of selected pathways. NO also modulates CREB (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein), ERK, AKT, and Src, with important implications for nerve cell survival and differentiation. Differences in the regulation of neuronal death or survival by NO may be explained by several mechanisms involving localization of NOS isoforms, amount of NO being produced or protein sets being modulated. A number of studies show that NO regulates neurotransmitter release and different aspects of synaptic dynamics, such as differentiation of synaptic specializations, microtubule dynamics, architecture of synaptic protein organization, and modulation of synaptic efficacy. NO has also been associated with synaptogenesis or synapse elimination, and it is required for long-term synaptic modifications taking place in axons or dendrites. In spite of tremendous advances in the knowledge of NO biological effects, a full description of its role in the CNS is far from being completely elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Cossenza
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Socodato
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivan C L Domith
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis F H Gladulich
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaísa G Encarnação
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karin C Calaza
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henrique R Mendonça
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Mejía-García TA, Portugal CC, Encarnação TG, Prado MAM, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Nitric oxide regulates AKT phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in cultured retinal cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2424-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Soltoff SP, Lannon WA. Activation of ERK1/2 by store-operated calcium entry in rat parotid acinar cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72881. [PMID: 24009711 PMCID: PMC3756958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) plays a critical role in a variety of cellular processes, including transcription, protein activation, vesicle trafficking, and ion movement across epithelial cells. In many cells, the activation of phospholipase C-coupled receptors hydrolyzes membrane phosphoinositides and produces the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores, followed by the sustained elevation of [Ca2+]i from Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Ca2+ entry is also increased in a store-independent manner by arachidonate-regulated Ca2+ (ARC) channels. Using rat parotid salivary gland cells, we examined multiple pathways of Ca2+ entry/elevation to determine if they activated cell signaling proteins and whether this occurred in a pathway-dependent manner. We observed that SOCE activates extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) to ∼3-times basal levels via a receptor-independent mechanism when SOCE was initiated by depleting Ca2+ stores using the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (TG). TG-initiated ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased as rapidly as that initiated by the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol, which promoted an increase to ∼5-times basal levels. Notably, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was not increased by the global elevation of [Ca2+]i by Ca2+ ionophore or by Ca2+ entry via ARC channels in native cells, although ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased by Ca2+ ionophore in Par-C10 and HSY salivary cell lines. Agents and conditions that blocked SOCE in native cells, including 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borate (2-APB), SKF96363, and removal of extracellular Ca2+, also reduced TG- and carbachol-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. TG-promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation was blocked when SRC and Protein Kinases C (PKC) were inhibited, and it was blocked in cells pretreated with β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. These observations demonstrate that ERK1/2 is activated by a selective mechanism of Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in these cells, and suggest that ERK1/2 may contribute to events downstream of SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Soltoff
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Signal Transduction, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts, USA.
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