1
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Cai WF, Jiang L, Liang J, Dutta S, Huang W, He X, Wu Z, Paul C, Gao X, Xu M, Kanisicak O, Zheng J, Wang Y. HAX1-Overexpression Augments Cardioprotective Efficacy of Stem Cell-Based Therapy Through Mediating Hippo-Yap Signaling. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1569-1586. [PMID: 38713406 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Although stem/progenitor cell therapy shows potential for myocardial infarction repair, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy could be achieved through additional genetic modifications. HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX1) has been identified as a versatile modulator responsible for cardio-protective signaling, while its role in regulating stem cell survival and functionality remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether HAX1 can augment the protective potential of Sca1+ cardiac stromal cells (CSCs) for myocardial injury. The overexpression of HAX1 significantly increased cell proliferation and conferred enhanced resistance to hypoxia-induced cell death in CSCs. Mechanistically, HAX1 can interact with Mst1 (a prominent conductor of Hippo signal transduction) and inhibit its kinase activity for protein phosphorylation. This inhibition led to enhanced nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and activation of downstream therapeutic-related genes. Notably, HAX1 overexpression significantly increased the pro-angiogenic potential of CSCs, as demonstrated by elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factors. Importantly, implantation of HAX1-overexpressing CSCs promoted neovascularization, protected against functional deterioration, and ameliorated cardiac fibrosis in ischemic mouse hearts. In conclusion, HAX1 emerges as a valuable and efficient inducer for enhancing the effectiveness of cardiac stem or progenitor cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Suchandrima Dutta
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Xingyu He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Junmeng Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA.
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2
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Tong T, Huang M, Yan B, Lin B, Yu J, Teng Q, Li P, Pang J. Hippo signaling modulation and its biological implications in urological malignancies. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 98:101280. [PMID: 38870717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Although cancer diagnosis and treatment have rapidly advanced in recent decades, urological malignancies, which have high morbidity and mortality rates, are among the most difficult diseases to treat. The Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway in organ size control and tissue homeostasis maintenance. Its downstream effectors, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are key modulators of numerous physiological and pathological processes. Recent work clearly indicates that Hippo signaling is frequently altered in human urological malignancies. In this review, we discuss the disparate viewpoints on the upstream regulators of YAP/TAZ and their downstream targets and systematically summarize the biological implications. More importantly, we highlight the molecular mechanisms involved in Hippo-YAP signaling to improve our understanding of its role in every stage of prostate cancer, bladder cancer and kidney cancer progression. A better understanding of the biological outcomes of YAP/TAZ modulation will contribute to the establishment of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Tong
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Binyuan Yan
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Bingbiao Lin
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Qiliang Teng
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Peng Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
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3
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Zhu N, Yang R, Wang X, Yuan L, Li X, Wei F, Zhang L. The Hippo signaling pathway: from multiple signals to the hallmarks of cancers. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023. [PMID: 36942989 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved, the Hippo signaling pathway is critical in regulating organ size and tissue homeostasis. The activity of this pathway is tightly regulated under normal circumstances, since its physical function is precisely maintained to control the rate of cell proliferation. Failure of maintenance leads to a variety of tumors. Our understanding of the mechanism of Hippo dysregulation and tumorigenesis is becoming increasingly precise, relying on the emergence of upstream inhibitor or activator and the connection linking Hippo target genes, mutations, and related signaling pathways with phenotypes. In this review, we summarize recent reports on the signaling network of the Hippo pathway in tumorigenesis and progression by exploring its critical mechanisms in cancer biology and potential targeting in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruizeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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4
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Barker BE, Hanlon MM, Marzaioli V, Smith CM, Cunningham CC, Fletcher JM, Veale DJ, Fearon U, Canavan M. The mammalian target of rapamycin contributes to synovial fibroblast pathogenicity in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1029021. [PMID: 36817783 PMCID: PMC9936094 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1029021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a metabolic master regulator of both innate and adaptive immunity; however, its exact role in stromal cell biology is unknown. In this study we explored the role of the mTOR pathway on Rheumatoid Arthritis synovial fibroblast (RASF) metabolism and activation and determined if crosstalk with the Hippo-YAP pathway mediates their effects. Methods Primary RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) were cultured with TNFα alone or in combination with the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin or YAP inhibitor Verteporfin. Chemokine production, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production, and adhesion marker expression were quantified by real-time PCR, ELISA, and/or Flow Cytometry. Invasion assays were performed using Transwell invasion chambers, while wound repair assays were used to assess RASF migration. Cellular bioenergetics was assessed using the Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer. Key metabolic genes (GLUT-1, HK2, G6PD) were measured using real-time PCR. Reanalysis of RNA-Seq analysis was performed on RA (n = 151) and healthy control (HC) (n = 28) synovial tissue biopsies to detect differential gene and pathway expression. The expression of YAP was measured by Western Blot. Results Transcriptomic analysis of healthy donor and RA synovial tissue revealed dysregulated expression of several key components of the mTOR pathway in RA. Moreover, the expression of phospho-ribosomal protein S6 (pS6), the major downstream target of mTOR is specifically increased in RA synovial fibroblasts compared to healthy tissue. In the presence of TNFα, RASF display heightened phosphorylation of S6 and are responsive to mTOR inhibition via Rapamycin. Rapamycin effectively alters RASF cellular bioenergetics by inhibiting glycolysis and the expression of rate limiting glycolytic enzymes. Furthermore, we demonstrate a key role for mTOR signaling in uniquely mediating RASF migratory and invasive mechanisms, which are significantly abrogated in the presence of Rapamycin. Finally, we report a significant upregulation in several genes involved in the Hippo-YAP pathway in RA synovial tissue, which are predicted to converge with the mTOR pathway. We demonstrate crosstalk between the mTOR and YAP pathways in mediating RASF invasive mechanism whereby Rapamycin significantly abrogates YAP expression and YAP inhibition significantly inhibits RASF invasiveness. Conclusion mTOR drives pathogenic mechanisms in RASF an effect which is in part mediated via crosstalk with the Hippo-YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne E. Barker
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland,Translational Immunopathology, School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Megan M. Hanlon
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viviana Marzaioli
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor M. Smith
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare C. Cunningham
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean M. Fletcher
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas J. Veale
- EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Canavan
- Translational Immunopathology, School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland,*Correspondence: Mary Canavan,
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5
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Sun Y, Jin D, Zhang Z, Jin D, Xue J, Duan L, Zhang Y, Kang X, Lian F. The critical role of the Hippo signaling pathway in kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:988175. [PMID: 36483738 PMCID: PMC9723352 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.988175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is involved in cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis, and it plays a key role in regulating organ size, tissue regeneration, and tumor development. The Hippo signaling pathway also participates in the occurrence and development of various human diseases. Recently, many studies have shown that the Hippo pathway is closely related to renal diseases, including renal cancer, cystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, and renal fibrosis, and it promotes the transformation of acute kidney disease to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present paper summarizes and analyzes the research status of the Hippo signaling pathway in different kidney diseases, and it also summarizes the expression of Hippo signaling pathway components in pathological tissues of kidney diseases. In addition, the present paper discusses the positive therapeutic significance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in regulating the Hippo signaling pathway for treating kidney diseases. This article introduces new targets and ideas for drug development, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Di Jin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - JiaoJiao Xue
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - LiYun Duan
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - YuQing Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoMin Kang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - FengMei Lian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
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6
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Zhu Y, Chen S, Liu W, Xu F, Lu J, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ikejima T. IGF-1R/YAP signaling pathway is involved in collagen V-induced insulin biosynthesis and secretion in rat islet INS-1 cells. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:498-513. [PMID: 35129018 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.2025225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type V collagen (collagen V) is one of the important components of extracellular matrix (ECM) in pancreas. We previously reported that pre-coating collagen V on the culture dishes enhanced insulin production in INS-1 rat pancreatic β cells. In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Insulin biosynthesis and secretion are both increased in INS-1 cells cultured on collagen V-coated dishes, accompanied by the reduced nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional co-activator. YAP, the downstream effector of Hippo signaling pathway, plays an important role in the development and function of pancreas. Inhibition of YAP activation by verteporfin further up-regulates insulin biosynthesis and secretion. Silencing large tumor suppressor (LATS), a core component of Hippo pathway which inhibits activity of YAP by phosphorylation, by siRNA transfection inhibits both insulin biosynthesis and secretion. In the present study, the protein level of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1 R), detected as the upstream molecule of YAP, is reduced in the INS-1 cells cultured on the dishes coated with collagen V. The silencing of IGF-1 R by siRNA transfection further enhances insulin biosynthesis and secretion. IGF-1 treatment reduces collagen V-induced up-regulation of insulin biosynthesis and secretion, accompanying the increased nuclear YAP. CONCLUSION Inhibition of IGF-1 R/YAP signal pathway is involved in collagen V-induced insulin biosynthesis and secretion in INS-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Traditional Chinese Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuaigao Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyu Lu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan.,Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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7
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Oberkersch RE, Santoro MM. YAP/TAZ-TEAD link angiogenesis to nutrients. Nat Metab 2022; 4:645-646. [PMID: 35726025 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana E Oberkersch
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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8
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Kim CL, Lim SB, Kim K, Jeong HS, Mo JS. Phosphorylation analysis of the Hippo-YAP pathway using Phos-tag. J Proteomics 2022; 261:104582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Kudryashova TV, Dabral S, Nayakanti S, Ray A, Goncharov DA, Avolio T, Shen Y, Rode A, Pena A, Jiang L, Lin D, Baust J, Bachman TN, Graumann J, Ruppert C, Guenther A, Schmoranzer M, Grobs Y, Lemay SE, Tremblay E, Breuils-Bonnet S, Boucherat O, Mora AL, DeLisser H, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Bonnet S, Seeger W, Pullamsetti SS, Goncharova EA. Noncanonical HIPPO/MST Signaling via BUB3 and FOXO Drives Pulmonary Vascular Cell Growth and Survival. Circ Res 2022; 130:760-778. [PMID: 35124974 PMCID: PMC8897250 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The MSTs (mammalian Ste20-like kinases) 1/2 are members of the HIPPO pathway that act as growth suppressors in adult proliferative diseases. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) manifests by increased proliferation and survival of pulmonary vascular cells in small PAs, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the rise of pulmonary arterial pressure. The role of MST1/2 in PAH is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles and mechanisms of the action of MST1 and MST2 in PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS Using early-passage pulmonary vascular cells from PAH and nondiseased lungs and mice with smooth muscle-specific tamoxifen-inducible Mst1/2 knockdown, we found that, in contrast to canonical antiproliferative/proapoptotic roles, MST1/2 act as proproliferative/prosurvival molecules in human PAH pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells and pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblasts and support established pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in mice with SU5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. By using unbiased proteomic analysis, gain- and loss-of function approaches, and pharmacological inhibition of MST1/2 kinase activity by XMU-MP-1, we next evaluated mechanisms of regulation and function of MST1/2 in PAH pulmonary vascular cells. We found that, in PAH pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblasts, the proproliferative function of MST1/2 is caused by IL-6-dependent MST1/2 overexpression, which induces PSMC6-dependent downregulation of forkhead homeobox type O 3 and hyperproliferation. In PAH pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells, MST1/2 acted via forming a disease-specific interaction with BUB3 and supported ECM (extracellular matrix)- and USP10-dependent BUB3 accumulation, upregulation of Akt-mTORC1, cell proliferation, and survival. Supporting our in vitro observations, smooth muscle-specific Mst1/2 knockdown halted upregulation of Akt-mTORC1 in small muscular PAs of mice with SU5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Together, this study describes a novel proproliferative/prosurvival role of MST1/2 in PAH pulmonary vasculature, provides a novel mechanistic link from MST1/2 via BUB3 and forkhead homeobox type O to the abnormal proliferation and survival of pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells and pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblasts, remodeling and pulmonary hypertension, and suggests new target pathways for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V. Kudryashova
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Swati Dabral
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sreenath Nayakanti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Arnab Ray
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Goncharov
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Theodore Avolio
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuanjun Shen
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Analise Rode
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andressa Pena
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Derek Lin
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baust
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy N. Bachman
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Mario Schmoranzer
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yann Grobs
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sarah Eve Lemay
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Eve Tremblay
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Olivier Boucherat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Ana L. Mora
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Horace DeLisser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Soni S. Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Cinar B, Alp E, Al-Mathkour M, Boston A, Dwead A, Khazaw K, Gregory A. The Hippo pathway: an emerging role in urologic cancers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2021; 9:301-317. [PMID: 34541029 PMCID: PMC8446764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway controls several biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, motility, stemness, cell contact, immune cell maturation, organ size, and tumorigenesis. The Hippo pathway core kinases MST1/2 and LATS1/2 in mammals phosphorylate and inactivate YAP1 signaling. Increasing evidence indicates that loss of MST1/2 and LATS1/2 function is linked to the biology of many cancer types with poorer outcomes, likely due to the activation of oncogenic YAP1/TEAD signaling. Therefore, there is a renewed interest in blocking the YAP1/TEAD functions to prevent cancer growth. This review introduces the Hippo pathway components and examines their role and therapeutic potentials in prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Cinar
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Esma Alp
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marwah Al-Mathkour
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ava Boston
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abdulrahman Dwead
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kezhan Khazaw
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexis Gregory
- The Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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11
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New Insights into YES-Associated Protein Signaling Pathways in Hematological Malignancies: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081981. [PMID: 33924049 PMCID: PMC8073623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YES-associated protein (YAP) is a co-transcriptional activator that binds to transcriptional factors to increase the rate of transcription of a set of genes, and it can intervene in the onset and progression of different tumors. Most of the data in the literature refer to the effects of the YAP system in solid neoplasms. In this review, we analyze the possibility that YAP can also intervene in hematological neoplasms such as lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and acute and chronic leukemias, modifying the phenomena of cell proliferation and cell death. The possibilities of pharmacological intervention related to the YAP system in an attempt to use its modulation therapeutically are also discussed. Abstract The Hippo/YES-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway is a cell survival and proliferation-control system with its main activity that of regulating cell growth and organ volume. YAP operates as a transcriptional coactivator in regulating the onset, progression, and treatment response in numerous human tumors. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting the involvement of YAP in the control of the hematopoietic system, in physiological conditions rather than in hematological diseases. Nevertheless, several reports have proposed that the effects of YAP in tumor cells are cell-dependent and cell-type-determined, even if YAP usually interrelates with extracellular signaling to stimulate the onset and progression of tumors. In the present review, we report the most recent findings in the literature on the relationship between the YAP system and hematological neoplasms. Moreover, we evaluate the possible therapeutic use of the modulation of the YAP system in the treatment of malignancies. Given the effects of the YAP system in immunosurveillance, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance, further studies on interactions between the YAP system and hematological malignancies will offer very relevant information for the targeting of these diseases employing YAP modifiers alone or in combination with chemotherapy drugs.
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12
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Papageorgiou K, Mastora E, Zikopoulos A, Grigoriou ME, Georgiou I, Michaelidis TM. Interplay Between mTOR and Hippo Signaling in the Ovary: Clinical Choice Guidance Between Different Gonadotropin Preparations for Better IVF. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:702446. [PMID: 34367070 PMCID: PMC8334720 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.702446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most widely used types of assisted reproduction technology is the in vitro fertilization (IVF), in which women undergo controlled ovarian stimulation through the administration of the appropriate hormones to produce as many mature follicles, as possible. The most common hormone combination is the co-administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues with recombinant or urinary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In the last few years, scientists have begun to explore the effect that different gonadotropin preparations have on granulosa cells' maturation and apoptosis, aiming to identify new predictive markers of oocyte quality and successful fertilization. Two major pathways that control the ovarian development, as well as the oocyte-granulosa cell communication and the follicular growth, are the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and the Hippo signaling. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the current knowledge about the effects that the different gonadotropins, used for ovulation induction, may exert in the biology of granulosa cells, focusing on the importance of these two pathways, which are crucial for follicular maturation. We believe that a better understanding of the influence that the various ovarian stimulation protocols have on these critical molecular cascades will be invaluable in choosing the best approach for a given patient, thereby avoiding cancelled cycles, reducing frustration and potential treatment-related complications, and increasing the pregnancy rate. Moreover, individualizing the treatment plan will help clinicians to better coordinate assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs, discuss the specific options with the couples undergoing IVF, and alleviate stress, thus making the IVF experience easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Papageorgiou
- Department of Biological Applications & Technologies, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eirini Mastora
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Human Reproduction, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Medical Genetics and Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athanasios Zikopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Human Reproduction, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Medical Genetics and Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria E. Grigoriou
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Georgiou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Human Reproduction, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Medical Genetics and Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theologos M. Michaelidis
- Department of Biological Applications & Technologies, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
- *Correspondence: Theologos M. Michaelidis, ;
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13
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Qian X, He L, Hao M, Li Y, Li X, Liu Y, Jiang H, Xu L, Li C, Wu W, Du L, Yin X, Lu Q. YAP mediates the interaction between the Hippo and PI3K/Akt pathways in mesangial cell proliferation in diabetic nephropathy. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:47-62. [PMID: 32816106 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glomerular mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is one of the main pathological changes in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but its mechanism needs further elaboration. The Hippo and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways are involved in the regulation of MC proliferation, but their relationship in hyperglycaemia-induced MC proliferation has not been reported. METHODS We used db/db mice and high-glucose-cultured mesangial cells to generate a diabetic nephropathy model. An MST1-knockdown plasmid was used to identify whether the PI3K/Akt pathway is linked to the Hippo pathway through MST1. LY294002 and SC79 were used to verify the role of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in MC cells. RNA silencing and overexpression were performed by using YAP and PTEN-expression/knockdown plasmids to investigate the function of YAP and PTEN, respectively, in the Hippo and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. RESULTS By examining a potential feedback loop, we found decreased phosphorylation of MST1 and Lats1 and increased PI3K/Akt activation in db/db mice and high glucose-treated MCs, along with increased MC proliferation. The results of our gene silencing experiment proved PI3K/Akt-mediated intervention in the Hippo pathway and the regulatory effect of YAP on PI3K/Akt through PTEN. CONCLUSIONS The Hippo pathway is inhibited under diabetic conditions, leading to YAP activation and promoting MC proliferation. The PI3K/Akt pathway is activated through the inhibitory effect of YAP on its repressor, PTEN. Finally, activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits the Hippo pathway, resulting in nuclear YAP accumulation and accelerating MC proliferation and DN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xizhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenya Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Sarmasti Emami S, Zhang D, Yang X. Interaction of the Hippo Pathway and Phosphatases in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2438. [PMID: 32867200 PMCID: PMC7564220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an emerging tumor suppressor signaling pathway involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Dysregulation of different components of the Hippo signaling pathway is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Therefore, identification of the Hippo pathway regulators and the underlying mechanism of its regulation may be useful to uncover new therapeutics for cancer therapy. The Hippo signaling pathway includes a set of kinases that phosphorylate different proteins in order to phosphorylate and inactivate its main downstream effectors, YAP and TAZ. Thus, modulating phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the Hippo components by kinases and phosphatases play critical roles in the regulation of the signaling pathway. While information regarding kinase regulation of the Hippo pathway is abundant, the role of phosphatases in regulating this pathway is just beginning to be understood. In this review, we summarize the most recent reports on the interaction of phosphatases and the Hippo pathway in tumorigenesis. We have also introduced challenges in clarifying the role of phosphatases in the Hippo pathway and future direction of crosstalk between phosphatases and the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (D.Z.)
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15
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Jonnalagadda B, Arockiasamy S, Krishnamoorthy S. Cellular growth factors as prospective therapeutic targets for combination therapy in androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Life Sci 2020; 259:118208. [PMID: 32763294 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with prostate cancer, the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. Prostate cancer develops in the peripheral zone of the prostate gland, and the initial progression largely depends on androgens, the male reproductive hormone that regulates the growth and development of the prostate gland and testis. The currently available treatments for androgen dependent prostate cancer are, however, effective for a limited period, where the patients show disease relapse, and develop androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Studies have shown various intricate cellular processes such as, deregulation in multiple biochemical and signaling pathways, intra-tumoral androgen synthesis; AR over-expression and mutations and AR activation via alternative growth pathways are involved in progression of AIPC. The currently approved treatment strategies target a single cellular protein or pathway, where the cells slowly develop resistance and adapt to proliferate via other cellular pathways over a period of time. Therefore, an increased research aims to understand the efficacy of combination therapy, which targets multiple interlinked pathways responsible for acquisition of resistance and survival. The combination therapy is also shown to enhance efficacy as well as reduce toxicity of the drugs. Thus, the present review focuses on the signaling pathways involved in the progression of AIPC, comprising a heterogeneous population of cells and the advantages of combination therapy. Several clinical and pre-clinical studies on a variety of combination treatments have shown beneficial outcomes, yet further research is needed to understand the potential of combination therapy and its diverse strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Jonnalagadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sumathy Arockiasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
| | - Sriram Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Urology, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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16
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Yamaguchi H, Taouk GM. A Potential Role of YAP/TAZ in the Interplay Between Metastasis and Metabolic Alterations. Front Oncol 2020; 10:928. [PMID: 32596154 PMCID: PMC7300268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif (TAZ) are the downstream effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway that play a crucial role in various aspects of cancer progression including metastasis. Metastasis is the multistep process of disseminating cancer cells in a body and responsible for the majority of cancer-related death. Emerging evidence has shown that cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to gain proliferation, invasion, migration, and anti-apoptotic abilities and adapt to various environment during metastasis. Moreover, it has increasingly been recognized that YAP/TAZ regulates cellular metabolism that is associated with the phenotypic changes, and recent studies suggest that the YAP/TAZ-mediated metabolic alterations contribute to metastasis. In this review, we will introduce the latest knowledge of YAP/TAZ regulation and function in cancer metastasis and metabolism, and discuss possible links between the YAP/TAZ-mediated metabolic reprogramming and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Cancer Research Center, College of Health and Life Sciences, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghina M Taouk
- Cancer Research Center, College of Health and Life Sciences, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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17
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Cinar B, Al-Mathkour MM, Khan SA, Moreno CS. Androgen attenuates the inactivating phospho-Ser-127 modification of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and promotes YAP1 nuclear abundance and activity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8550-8559. [PMID: 32376689 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1) regulates cell proliferation, cell-cell interactions, organ size, and tumorigenesis. Post-transcriptional modifications and nuclear translocation of YAP1 are crucial for its nuclear activity. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which the steroid hormone androgen regulates YAP1 nuclear entry and functions in several human prostate cancer cell lines. We demonstrate that androgen exposure suppresses the inactivating post-translational modification phospho-Ser-127 in YAP1, coinciding with increased YAP1 nuclear accumulation and activity. Pharmacological and genetic experiments revealed that intact androgen receptor signaling is necessary for androgen's inactivating effect on phospho-Ser-127 levels and increased YAP1 nuclear entry. We also found that androgen exposure antagonizes Ser/Thr kinase 4 (STK4/MST1) signaling, stimulates the activity of protein phosphatase 2A, and thereby attenuates the phospho-Ser-127 modification and promotes YAP1 nuclear localization. Results from quantitative RT-PCR and CRISPR/Cas9-aided gene knockout experiments indicated that androgen differentially regulates YAP1-dependent gene expression. Furthermore, an unbiased computational analysis of the prostate cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that YAP1 and androgen receptor transcript levels correlate with each other in prostate cancer tissues. These findings indicate that androgen regulates YAP1 nuclear localization and its transcriptional activity through the androgen receptor-STK4/MST1-protein phosphatase 2A axis, which may have important implications for human diseases such as prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Cinar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marwah M Al-Mathkour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shafiq A Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carlos S Moreno
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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18
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Vališ K, Novák P. Targeting ERK-Hippo Interplay in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093236. [PMID: 32375238 PMCID: PMC7247570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. Deregulation of the MAPK signaling occurs under many pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes and cancers. Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. We discuss cross-talk of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway with other signaling pathways, in particular interplay with the Hippo/MST pathway. We demonstrate the mechanism of cell death induction shared between MAPK/ERK and Hippo/MST signaling pathways and discuss the potential of combination targeting of these pathways in the development of more effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Vališ
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.N.); Tel.: +420-325873610 (P.N.)
| | - Petr Novák
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.N.); Tel.: +420-325873610 (P.N.)
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19
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Yang LX, Wu J, Guo ML, Zhang Y, Ma SG. Suppression of long non-coding RNA TNRC6C-AS1 protects against thyroid carcinoma through DNA demethylation of STK4 via the Hippo signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12564. [PMID: 30938030 PMCID: PMC6536409 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Thyroid carcinoma (TC) represents a malignant neoplasm affecting the thyroid. Current treatment strategies include the removal of part of the thyroid; however, this approach is associated with a significant risk of developing hypothyroidism. In order to adequately understand the expression profiles of TNRC6C‐AS1 and STK4 and their potential functions in TC, an investigation into their involvement with Hippo signalling pathway and the mechanism by which they influence TC apoptosis and autophagy were conducted. Methods A microarray analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs associated with TC. TC cells were employed to evaluate the role of TNRC6C‐AS1 by over‐expression or silencing means. The interaction of TNRC6C‐AS1 with methylation of STK4 promoter was evaluated to elucidate its ability to elicit autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis. Results TNRC6C‐AS1 was up‐regulated while STK4 was down‐regulated, where methylation level was elevated. STK4 was verified as a target gene of TNRC6C‐AS1, which was enriched by methyltransferase. Methyltransferase’s binding to STK4 increased expression of its promoter. Over‐expressed TNRC6C‐AS1 inhibited STK4 by promoting STK4 methylation and reducing the total protein levels of MST1 and LATS1/2. The phosphorylation of YAP1 phosphorylation was decreased, which resulted in the promotion of SW579 cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Conclusion Based on our observations, we subsequently confirmed the anti‐proliferative, pro‐apoptotic and pro‐autophagy capabilities of TNRC6C‐AS1 through STK4 methylation via the Hippo signalling pathway in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Xue Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Man-Li Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suqian People's Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Shao-Gang Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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20
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Matsui Y, Zhang Y, Paulson RF, Lai ZC. Dual Role of a C-Terminally Truncated Isoform of Large Tumor Suppressor Kinase 1 in the Regulation of Hippo Signaling and Tissue Growth. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 38:91-106. [PMID: 30461308 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The considerable amount of experimental evidence has defined the Hippo pathway as a tumor suppressive pathway and increased expression and/or activity of its oncogenic effectors is frequently observed in cancer. However, clinical studies have failed to attribute cancer development and progression to mutations in the pathway. In explaining this conundrum, we investigated the expression and functions of a C-terminally truncated isoform of large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) called short LATS1 (sLATS1) in human cell lines and Drosophila. Intriguingly, through overexpression of sLATS1, we demonstrated that sLATS1 either activates or suppresses the activity of Yes-associated protein (YAP), one of the effectors of the Hippo pathway, in a cell type-specific manner. The activation is mediated through inhibition of full-length LATS1, whereas suppression of YAP is accomplished through sLATS1-YAP interaction. In HEK293T cells, the former mechanism may affect the cellular response more dominantly, whereas in U2OS cells and developing tissues in Drosophila, the latter mechanism may be solely carried out. Finally, to find the clinical relevance of this molecule, we examined the expression of sLATS1 in breast cancer patients. The transcriptome analysis showed that the ratio of sLATS1 to LATS1 was increased in tumor tissues comparing to their adjacent normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Matsui
- 1 Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , Pennsylvania
| | - Yifan Zhang
- 2 Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert F Paulson
- 3 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhi-Chun Lai
- 1 Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
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21
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Mohamed AD, Shah N, Hettmer S, Vargesson N, Wackerhage H. Analysis of the relationship between the KRAS G12V oncogene and the Hippo effector YAP1 in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15674. [PMID: 30353028 PMCID: PMC6199242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent hyperactivity of the Hippo effector YAP in activated satellite cells is sufficient to cause embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) in mice. In humans, YAP is abundant and nuclear in the majority of ERMS cases, and high YAP expression is associated with poor survival. However, YAP1 is rarely mutated in human ERMS. Instead, the most common mutations in ERMS are oncogenic RAS mutations. First, to compare YAP1 S127A and KRAS G12V-driven rhabdomyosarcomas, we re-analysed gene expression microarray datasets from mouse rhabdomyosarcomas caused by these genes. This revealed that only 20% of the up or downregulated genes are identical, suggesting substantial differences in gene expression between YAP and KRAS-driven rhabdomyosarcomas. As oncogenic RAS has been linked to YAP in other types of cancer, we also tested whether KRAS G12V alone or in combination with loss of p53 and p16 activates YAP in myoblasts. We found that neither KRAS G12V alone nor KRAS G12V combined with loss of p53 and p16 activated Yap or Yap/Taz-Tead1-4 transcriptional activity in C2C12 myoblasts or U57810 cells. In conclusion, whilst oncogenic KRAS mutation might activate Yap in other cell types, we could find no evidence for this in myoblasts because the expression of KRAS G12V expression did not change Yap/Taz activity in myoblasts and there was a limited overlap in gene expression between KRAS G12V and YAP1 S127A-driven tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla D Mohamed
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland.
- Institute of Developmental Genetics Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environment and Health Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Nupur Shah
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland
| | - Simone Hettmer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Neil Vargesson
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland
- Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Georg-Brauchle Ring 60-62, 80992, Munich, Germany
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22
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Kim Y, Jho EH. Regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway by ubiquitin modification. BMB Rep 2018; 51:143-150. [PMID: 29366444 PMCID: PMC5882221 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.3.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway plays an essential role in adult tissue homeostasis and organ size control. Abnormal regulation of Hippo signaling can be a cause for multiple types of human cancers. Since the awareness of the importance of the Hippo signaling in a wide range of biological fields has been continually grown, it is also understood that a thorough and well-rounded comprehension of the precise dynamics could provide fundamental insights for therapeutic applications. Several components in the Hippo signaling pathway are known to be targeted for proteasomal degradation via ubiquitination by E3 ligases. β-TrCP is a well-known E3 ligase of YAP/TAZ, which leads to the reduction of YAP/TAZ levels. The Hippo signaling pathway can also be inhibited by the E3 ligases (such as ITCH) which target LATS1/2 for degradation. Regulation via ubiquitination involves not only complex network of E3 ligases but also deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from its targets. Interestingly, non-degradative ubiquitin modifications are also known to play important roles in the regulation of Hippo signaling. Although there has been much advanced progress in the investigation of ubiquitin modifications acting as regulators of the Hippo signaling pathway, research done to date still remains inadequate due to the sheer complexity and diversity of the subject. Herein, we review and discuss recent developments that implicate ubiquitin-mediated regulatory mechanisms at multiple steps of the Hippo signaling pathway. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(3): 143-150].
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngeun Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
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23
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Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are two homologous transcriptional coactivators that promote cell proliferation, stem cell maintenance, and tissue homeostasis. Under favorable conditions, YAP and TAZ are active to promote cell growth through a transcriptional program mediated by the TEAD family transcription factors. Given the indispensability of cellular energy and metabolites for survival and growth, YAP and TAZ are inhibited when energy level is low. Indeed, glucose, fatty acids, hormones, and other metabolic factors have been recently revealed to regulate YAP and TAZ. Conversely, YAP and TAZ are also involved in metabolism regulation, such as to promote glycolysis, lipogenesis, and glutaminolysis, suggesting YAP and TAZ as emerging nodes in coordinating nutrient availability with cell growth and tissue homeostasis. In this Review, we summarize recent findings and provide a current overview of YAP and TAZ in metabolism by focusing on the role of YAP and TAZ as integrators for metabolic cues and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Hyun Koo
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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24
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Ahmad S, Khan H, Siddiqui Z, Khan MY, Rehman S, Shahab U, Godovikova T, Silnikov V, Moinuddin. AGEs, RAGEs and s-RAGE; friend or foe for cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 49:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Gholinejad M, Jafari Anarkooli I, Taromchi A, Abdanipour A. Adenosine decreases oxidative stress and protects H 2O 2-treated neural stem cells against apoptosis through decreasing Mst1 expression. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:439-446. [PMID: 29732147 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of free radicals during oxidative stress induces damage to key biomolecules and activates programed cell death pathways. Neuronal cell death in the nervous system leads to a number of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of adenosine on inhibition of apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in bone marrow-derived neural stem cells (B-dNSCs), with focus on its regulatory effect on the expression of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1), as a novel proapoptotic kinase. B-dNSCs were exposed to adenosine at different doses (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 µM) for 48 h followed by 125 µM H2O2 for 30 min. Using MTT, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays, the effects of adenosine on cell survival, apoptosis and Mst1, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and B-cell lymphoma 2 and adenosine A1 receptor expression were evaluated in pretreated B-dNSCs compared with controls (cells treated with H2O2 only). Firstly, results of the MTT assay indicated 6 µM adenosine to be the most protective dose in terms of promotion of cell viability. Subsequent assays using this dosage indicated that apoptosis rate and Mst1 expression in B-dNSCs pretreated with 6 µM adenosine were significantly decreased compared with the control group. These findings suggest that adenosine protects B-dNSCs against oxidative stress-induced cell death, and therefore, that it may be used to promote the survival rate of B-dNSCs and as a candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress-mediated neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Gholinejad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Iraj Jafari Anarkooli
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Taromchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdanipour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
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26
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Ardestani A, Maedler K. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic β-Cells: Functions and Regulations. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:21-35. [PMID: 29053790 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that critically regulates development and homeostasis of various tissues in response to a wide range of extracellular and intracellular signals. As an emerging important player in many diseases, the Hippo pathway is also involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes on the level of the pancreatic islets. Multiple lines of evidence uncover the importance of Hippo signaling in pancreas development as well as in the regulation of β-cell survival, proliferation, and regeneration. Hippo therefore represents a potential target for therapeutic agents designed to improve β-cell function and survival in diabetes. In this review, we summarize recent data on the regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway in the pancreas/in pancreatic islets, its functions on β-cell homeostasis in physiology and pathophysiology, and its contribution toward diabetes progression. The current knowledge related to general mechanisms of action and the possibility of exploiting the Hippo pathway for therapeutic approaches to block β-cell failure in diabetes is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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27
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Understanding the role of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) in cardiovascular disorders. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 114:141-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Ready D, Yagiz K, Amin P, Yildiz Y, Funari V, Bozdag S, Cinar B. Mapping the STK4/Hippo signaling network in prostate cancer cell. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184590. [PMID: 28880957 PMCID: PMC5589252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of MST1/STK4, a key kinase component of the Hippo-YAP pathway, is linked to the etiology of many cancers with poor prognosis. However, how STK4 restricts the emergence of aggressive cancer remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of STK4, primarily localized in the cytoplasm, lipid raft, and nucleus, on cell growth and gene expression in aggressive prostate cancer. We demonstrated that lipid raft and nuclear STK4 had superior suppressive effects on cell growth in vitro and in vivo compared with cytoplasmic STK4. Using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we identified several differentially expressed (DE) genes that responded to ectopic STK4 in all three subcellular compartments. We noted that the number of DE genes observed in lipid raft and nuclear STK4 cells were much greater than cytoplasmic STK4. Our functional annotation clustering showed that these DE genes were commonly associated with oncogenic pathways such as AR, PI3K/AKT, BMP/SMAD, GPCR, WNT, and RAS as well as unique pathways such as JAK/STAT, which emerged only in nuclear STK4 cells. These findings indicate that MST1/STK4/Hippo signaling restricts aggressive tumor cell growth by intersecting with multiple molecular pathways, suggesting that targeting of the STK4/Hippo pathway may have important therapeutic implications for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Ready
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kader Yagiz
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Pooneh Amin
- Department of Biological Sciences, the Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yuksel Yildiz
- Department of Physiology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Vincent Funari
- Department of Medicine and Division of Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Serdar Bozdag
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bekir Cinar
- Department of Biological Sciences, the Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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29
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Sun C, De Mello V, Mohamed A, Ortuste Quiroga HP, Garcia-Munoz A, Al Bloshi A, Tremblay AM, von Kriegsheim A, Collie-Duguid E, Vargesson N, Matallanas D, Wackerhage H, Zammit PS. Common and Distinctive Functions of the Hippo Effectors Taz and Yap in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Function. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1958-1972. [PMID: 28589555 PMCID: PMC5575518 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hippo pathway downstream effectors Yap and Taz play key roles in cell proliferation and regeneration, regulating gene expression especially via Tead transcription factors. To investigate their role in skeletal muscle stem cells, we analyzed Taz in vivo and ex vivo in comparison with Yap. Small interfering RNA knockdown or retroviral‐mediated expression of wild‐type human or constitutively active TAZ mutants in satellite cells showed that TAZ promoted proliferation, a function shared with YAP. However, at later stages of myogenesis, TAZ also enhanced myogenic differentiation of myoblasts, whereas YAP inhibits such differentiation. Functionally, while muscle growth was mildly affected in Taz (gene Wwtr1–/–) knockout mice, there were no overt effects on regeneration. Conversely, conditional knockout of Yap in satellite cells of Pax7Cre‐ERT2/+: Yapfl°x/fl°x:Rosa26Lacz mice produced a regeneration deficit. To identify potential mechanisms, microarray analysis showed many common TAZ/YAP target genes, but TAZ also regulates some genes independently of YAP, including myogenic genes such as Pax7, Myf5, and Myod1 (ArrayExpress–E‐MTAB‐5395). Proteomic analysis revealed many novel binding partners of TAZ/YAP in myogenic cells, but TAZ also interacts with proteins distinct from YAP that are often involved in myogenesis and aspects of cytoskeleton organization (ProteomeXchange–PXD005751). Neither TAZ nor YAP bind members of the Wnt destruction complex but both regulated expression of Wnt and Wnt‐cross talking genes with known roles in myogenesis. Finally, TAZ operates through Tead4 to enhance myogenic differentiation. In summary, Taz and Yap have overlapping functions in promoting myoblast proliferation but Taz then switches to enhance myogenic differentiation. Stem Cells2017;35:1958–1972
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Sun
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa De Mello
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Abdalla Mohamed
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Abdullah Al Bloshi
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Annie M Tremblay
- Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Elaina Collie-Duguid
- Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Henning Wackerhage
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
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30
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The mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) is a substrate for the apoptosis inhibiting protein kinase CK2. Cell Signal 2017; 36:163-175. [PMID: 28487119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and the response to cell stress are evolutionary highly conserved mechanisms. Both processes require strict regulation, which is often performed by protein kinases. The mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) is a pro-apoptotic protein kinase, which is activated and cleaved by caspases upon the induction of cell stress. Being a phosphoprotein itself, the activity of MST1 is regulated by phosphorylation. Protein kinase CK2 is an anti-apoptotic protein kinase which seems to be involved in the regulation of many different cellular processes including apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that the cleavage of many substrates by caspases is regulated by phosphorylation in the close vicinity of the caspase cleavage sites. One of these kinases, implicated in the phosphorylation of caspase substrates, is protein kinase CK2. Here, we report that serine 320 of the MST1 protein is a novel phosphorylation site for the anti-apoptotic protein kinase CK2. Although serine 320 is in close vicinity to the caspase 3 cleavage site, caspase 3 cleavage of MST1 is not affected by CK2 phosphorylation. Using biochemical approaches, we were able to show that MST1 co-localizes with the CK2 subunits in the pancreatic β-cell line INS-1 and that full-length MST1 and the activated N-terminal fragment of MST1 both interacted with the CK2 subunits in vitro and in vivo. MST1 is a basophilic kinase whereas CK2 is an acidophilic kinase. Thus, binding of these two kinases in the cytosol and in the nucleus opens the door to the phosphorylation of a variety of new substrates.
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31
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Mo JS. The role of extracellular biophysical cues in modulating the Hippo-YAP pathway. BMB Rep 2017; 50:71-78. [PMID: 27916025 PMCID: PMC5342869 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.2.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway plays an essential role in adult-tissue homeostasis and organ-size control. In Drosophila and vertebrates, it consists of a highly conserved kinase cascade, which involves MST and Lats that negatively regulate the activity of the downstream transcription coactivators, YAP and TAZ. By interacting with TEADs and other transcription factors, they mediate both proliferative and antiapoptotic gene expression and thus regulate tissue repair and regeneration. Dysregulation or mutation of the Hippo pathway is linked to tumorigenesis and cancer development. Recent studies have uncovered multiple upstream inputs, including cell density, mechanical stress, G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, and nutrients, that modulate Hippo pathway activity. This review focuses on the role of the Hippo pathway as effector of these biophysical cues and its potential implications in tissue homeostasis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soon Mo
- Genomic Instability Research Center (GIRC), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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32
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Wang J, Sinnett-Smith J, Stevens JV, Young SH, Rozengurt E. Biphasic Regulation of Yes-associated Protein (YAP) Cellular Localization, Phosphorylation, and Activity by G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists in Intestinal Epithelial Cells: A NOVEL ROLE FOR PROTEIN KINASE D (PKD). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17988-8005. [PMID: 27369082 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the regulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) localization, phosphorylation, and transcriptional activity in intestinal epithelial cells. Our results show that stimulation of intestinal epithelial IEC-18 cells with the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist angiotensin II, a potent mitogen for these cells, induced rapid translocation of YAP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (within 15 min) and a concomitant increase in YAP phosphorylation at Ser(127) and Ser(397) Angiotensin II elicited YAP phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation in a dose-dependent manner (ED50 = 0.3 nm). Similar YAP responses were provoked by stimulation with vasopressin or serum. Treatment of the cells with the protein kinase D (PKD) family inhibitors CRT0066101 and kb NB 142-70 prevented the increase in YAP phosphorylation on Ser(127) and Ser(397) via Lats2, YAP cytoplasmic accumulation, and increase in the mRNA levels of YAP/TEAD-regulated genes (Ctgf and Areg). Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 markedly attenuated YAP nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling, phosphorylation at Ser(127), and induction of Ctgf and Areg expression in response to GPCR activation. These results identify a novel role for the PKD family in the control of biphasic localization, phosphorylation, and transcriptional activity of YAP in intestinal epithelial cells. In turn, YAP and TAZ are necessary for the stimulation of the proliferative response of intestinal epithelial cells to GPCR agonists that act via PKD. The discovery of interaction between YAP and PKD pathways identifies a novel cross-talk in signal transduction and demonstrates, for the first time, that the PKDs feed into the YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- From the Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - James Sinnett-Smith
- From the Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, and the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Jan V Stevens
- From the Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Steven H Young
- From the Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- From the Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, and the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California 90073 Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and
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33
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Abstract
In this review, Meng et al. focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in Hippo pathway regulation and function. The Hippo pathway was initially identified in Drosophila melanogaster screens for tissue growth two decades ago and has been a subject extensively studied in both Drosophila and mammals in the last several years. The core of the Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade, transcription coactivators, and DNA-binding partners. Recent studies have expanded the Hippo pathway as a complex signaling network with >30 components. This pathway is regulated by intrinsic cell machineries, such as cell–cell contact, cell polarity, and actin cytoskeleton, as well as a wide range of signals, including cellular energy status, mechanical cues, and hormonal signals that act through G-protein-coupled receptors. The major functions of the Hippo pathway have been defined to restrict tissue growth in adults and modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Furthermore, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to aberrant cell growth and neoplasia. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in the regulation and function of the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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34
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He M, Zhou Z, Shah AA, Hong Y, Chen Q, Wan Y. New insights into posttranslational modifications of Hippo pathway in carcinogenesis and therapeutics. Cell Div 2016; 11:4. [PMID: 27042197 PMCID: PMC4818516 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-016-0013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PTMs (posttranslational modifications) such as ubiquitylation, sumoylation, acetylation and protein methylation are pivotal modifiers that determine the activation, deactivation or subcellular localization of signaling proteins, facilitating the initiation, amplification and transduction of signaling. Accumulating evidence suggest that several key signaling molecules in Hippo signaling pathway are tightly regulated by various types of PTMs. Malfunction of these critical signaling modules such as YAP/TAZ, MAT1/2 and LATS1/2 due to deregulated PTMs has been linked to a variety of human diseases such as cancer. In this review article, we summarized the current understanding of the impact of PTMs in regulating Hippo signaling pathway and further discussed the potential therapeutic intervention from the view of PTMs and Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Anil A Shah
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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35
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Fischer M, Rikeit P, Knaus P, Coirault C. YAP-Mediated Mechanotransduction in Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2016; 7:41. [PMID: 26909043 PMCID: PMC4754448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is not only translating chemical energy into mechanical work, it is also a highly adaptive and regenerative tissue whose architecture and functionality is determined by its mechanical and physical environment. Processing intra- and extracellular mechanical signaling cues contributes to the regulation of cell growth, survival, migration and differentiation. Yes-associated Protein (YAP), a transcriptional coactivator downstream of the Hippo pathway and its paralog, the transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), were recently found to play a key role in mechanotransduction in various tissues including skeletal muscle. Furthermore, YAP/TAZ modulate myogenesis and muscle regeneration and abnormal YAP activity has been reported in muscular dystrophy and rhabdomyosarcoma. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of mechanosensing and -signaling in striated muscle. We highlight the role of YAP signaling and discuss the different routes and hypotheses of its regulation in the context of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fischer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités Université Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 06Paris, France; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Paul Rikeit
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Coirault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités Université Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 06 Paris, France
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YAP1 and AR interactions contribute to the switch from androgen-dependent to castration-resistant growth in prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8126. [PMID: 28230103 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a key nuclear effector of the Hippo pathway, is a potent oncogene, and yet, the interaction between YAP1 and androgen receptor (AR) remains unexplored. Here we identify YAP1 as a physiological binding partner and positive regulator of AR in prostate cancer. YAP1 and AR co-localize and interact with each other predominantly within cell nuclei by an androgen-dependent mechanism in a hormone naive and an androgen-independent mechanism in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. The growth suppressor MST1 kinase modulates androgen-dependent and -independent nuclear YAP1-AR interactions through directly regulating YAP1 nuclear accumulation. Disruption of YAP1 signalling by genetic (RNAi) and pharmacological (Verteporfin) approaches suppresses AR-dependent gene expression and prostate cancer cell growth. These findings indicate that the YAP1-AR axis may have a critical role in prostate cancer progression and serves as a viable drug target.
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Mohamed AD, Tremblay AM, Murray GI, Wackerhage H. The Hippo signal transduction pathway in soft tissue sarcomas. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:121-9. [PMID: 26050962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare cancers (≈1% of all solid tumours) usually of mesenchymal origin. Here, we review evidence implicating the Hippo pathway in soft tissue sarcomas. Several transgenic mouse models of Hippo pathway members (Nf2, Mob1, LATS1 and YAP1 mutants) develop various types of sarcoma. Despite that, Hippo member genes are rarely point mutated in human sarcomas. Instead, WWTR1-CAMTA1 and YAP1-TFE3 fusion genes are found in almost all cases of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. Also copy number gains of YAP1 and other Hippo members occur at low frequencies but the most likely cause of perturbed Hippo signalling in sarcoma is the cross-talk with commonly mutated cancer genes such as KRAS, PIK3CA, CTNNB1 or FBXW7. Current Hippo pathway-targeting drugs include compounds that target the interaction between YAP and TEAD G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and the mevalonate pathway (e.g. statins). Given that many Hippo pathway-modulating drugs are already used in patients, this could lead to early clinical trials testing their efficacy in different types of sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla D Mohamed
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD Scotland, UK
| | - Annie M Tremblay
- Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Graeme I Murray
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD Scotland, UK
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD Scotland, UK.
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38
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mTORC2 regulates cardiac response to stress by inhibiting MST1. Cell Rep 2015; 11:125-36. [PMID: 25843706 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTOR and Hippo pathways have recently emerged as the major signaling transduction cascades regulating organ size and cellular homeostasis. However, direct crosstalk between two pathways is yet to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that mTORC2 is a direct negative regulator of the MST1 kinase, a key component of the Hippo pathway. mTORC2 phosphorylates MST1 at serine 438 in the SARAH domain, thereby reducing its homodimerization and activity. We found that Rictor/mTORC2 preserves cardiac structure and function by restraining the activity of MST1 kinase. Cardiac-specific mTORC2 disruption through Rictor deletion leads to a marked activation of MST1 that, in turn, promotes cardiac dysfunction and dilation, impairing cardiac growth and adaptation in response to pressure overload. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the existence of a direct crosstalk between mTORC2 and MST1 that is critical for cardiac cell survival and growth.
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Abstract
Cancer is driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations that allow cells to overproliferate and escape mechanisms that normally control their survival and migration. Many of these alterations map to signaling pathways that control cell growth and division, cell death, cell fate, and cell motility, and can be placed in the context of distortions of wider signaling networks that fuel cancer progression, such as changes in the tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Mutations that convert cellular proto-oncogenes to oncogenes can cause hyperactivation of these signaling pathways, whereas inactivation of tumor suppressors eliminates critical negative regulators of signaling. An examination of the PI3K-Akt and Ras-ERK pathways illustrates how such alterations dysregulate signaling in cancer and produce many of the characteristic features of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sever
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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40
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Rawat SJ, Chernoff J. Regulation of mammalian Ste20 (Mst) kinases. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:149-56. [PMID: 25665457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Initially identified as mammalian homologs to yeast Ste20 kinases, the mammalian sterile twenty-like (Mst) 1/2 kinases have been widely investigated subsequent to their rediscovery as key components of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway in flies. To date, our understanding of Mst substrates and downstream signaling outstrips our knowledge of how these enzymes are controlled by upstream signals. While much remains to be discovered regarding the mechanisms of Mst regulation, it is clear that Mst1 kinase activity is governed at least in part by its state of dimerization, including self-association and also heterodimerization with various other signaling partners. Here we review the basic architecture of Mst signaling and function and discuss recent advances in our understanding of how these important kinases are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali J Rawat
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Wackerhage H, Del Re DP, Judson RN, Sudol M, Sadoshima J. The Hippo signal transduction network in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Sci Signal 2014; 7:re4. [PMID: 25097035 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the Hippo pathway can be traced back to two areas of research. Genetic screens in fruit flies led to the identification of the Hippo pathway kinases and scaffolding proteins that function together to suppress cell proliferation and tumor growth. Independent research, often in the context of muscle biology, described Tead (TEA domain) transcription factors, which bind CATTCC DNA motifs to regulate gene expression. These two research areas were joined by the finding that the Hippo pathway regulates the activity of Tead transcription factors mainly through phosphorylation of the transcriptional coactivators Yap and Taz, which bind to and activate Teads. Additionally, many other signal transduction proteins crosstalk to members of the Hippo pathway forming a Hippo signal transduction network. We discuss evidence that the Hippo signal transduction network plays important roles in myogenesis, regeneration, muscular dystrophy, and rhabdomyosarcoma in skeletal muscle, as well as in myogenesis, organ size control, and regeneration of the heart. Understanding the role of Hippo kinases in skeletal and heart muscle physiology could have important implications for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Wackerhage
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
| | - Dominic P Del Re
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Robert N Judson
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Marius Sudol
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore. Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Tang F, Zhang L, Xue G, Hynx D, Wang Y, Cron PD, Hundsrucker C, Hergovich A, Frank S, Hemmings BA, Schmitz-Rohmer D. hMOB3 modulates MST1 apoptotic signaling and supports tumor growth in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3779-89. [PMID: 24872389 PMCID: PMC4102567 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
New therapeutic targets are needed that circumvent inherent therapeutic resistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here, we report such a candidate target in the uncharacterized adaptor protein hMOB3, which we show is upregulated in GBM. In a search for its biochemical function, we found that hMOB3 specifically interacts with MST1 kinase in response to apoptotic stimuli and cell-cell contact. Moreover, hMOB3 negatively regulated apoptotic signaling by MST1 in GBM cells by inhibiting the MST1 cleavage-based activation process. Physical interaction between hMOB3 and MST1 was essential for this process. In vivo investigations established that hMOB3 sustains GBM cell growth at high cell density and promotes tumorigenesis. Our results suggest hMOB3 as a candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tang
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research;
| | - Lei Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Gongda Xue
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Debby Hynx
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Peter D Cron
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
| | - Christian Hundsrucker
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | | | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Authors' Affiliations: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
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Luo SY, Sit KY, Sihoe ADL, Suen WS, Au WK, Tang X, Ma ESK, Chan WK, Wistuba II, Minna JD, Tsao GSW, Lam DCL. Aberrant large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) gene expression correlates with EGFR mutation and survival in lung adenocarcinomas. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:282-92. [PMID: 24976335 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) gene is a putative tumor suppressor gene with potential roles in regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in lung cancer. The aim of this study is to explore the association of aberrant LATS2 expression with EGFR mutation and survival in lung adenocarcinoma (AD), and the effects of LATS2 silencing in both lung AD cell lines. METHODS LATS2 mRNA and protein expression in resected lung AD were correlated with demographic characteristics, EGFR mutation and survival. LATS2-specific siRNA was transfected into four EGFR wild-type (WT) and three EGFR mutant AD cell lines and the changes in LATS2 expression and relevant signaling molecules before and after LATS2 knockdown were assayed. RESULTS Fifty resected lung AD were included (M:F=23:27, smokers:non-smokers=19:31, EGFR mutant:wild-type=21:29) with LATS2 mRNA levels showed no significant difference between gender, age, smoking and pathological stages while LATS2 immunohistochemical staining on an independent set of 79 lung AD showed similar trend. LATS2 mRNA level was found to be a significant independent predictor for survival status (disease-free survival RR=0.217; p=0.003; Overall survival RR=0.238; p=0.036). siRNA-mediated suppression of LATS2 expression resulted in augmentation of ERK phosphorylation in EGFR wild-type AD cell lines with high basal LATS2 expression, discriminatory modulation of Akt signaling between EGFR wild-type and mutant cells, and induction of p53 accumulation in AD cell lines with low baseline p53 levels. CONCLUSIONS LATS2 expression level is predictive of survival in patients with resected lung AD. LATS2 may modulate and contribute to tumor growth via different signaling pathways in EGFR mutant and wild-type tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Y Luo
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ko-Yung Sit
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alan D L Sihoe
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Sing Suen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Kuk Au
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ximing Tang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Edmond S K Ma
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Kong Chan
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George S W Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David C L Lam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway by directly binding casein kinase 1ε. Biochem J 2014; 458:159-69. [PMID: 24180524 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway can suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway through the last downstream effectors YAP (Yes-associated protein)/TAZ (tafazzin). MST (mammalian sterile 20-like kinase) 1 functions as the upstream kinase of the Hippo pathway, and CK1ε (casein kinase 1ε) plays roles in the up-stream signal transduction of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In the present study, using tandem affinity purification and MS analysis, CK1ε was identified as a novel partner of MST1. Further analysis showed that the interaction between MST1 and CK1ε was mediated by their kinase domains and enhanced by the activation of MST1. To exclude the interference of the phosphorylated YAP/TAZ, the transduction from MST1 to YAP/TAZ was blocked using anti-WW45 shRNA. In the sh-WW45 cells, MST1 still inhibited the Wnt3A-induced phosphorylation of DVL2 (dishevelled 2) and Wnt/β-catenin signalling by disturbing the interaction of DVL2 and CK1ε. The growth-suppressive effect of MST1 in the presence of Wnt3A was effectively relieved by the downstream activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, MST2, the close homologue of MST1, also displayed the similar function in suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Therefore the results of the present study revealed that, in addition to the phosphorylated YAP/TAZ, the Hippo pathway can suppress the Wnt/β-catenin pathway directly through MST1/2.
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45
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Kuser-Abali G, Alptekin A, Cinar B. Overexpression of MYC and EZH2 cooperates to epigenetically silence MST1 expression. Epigenetics 2014; 9:634-43. [PMID: 24499724 DOI: 10.4161/epi.27957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo-like MST1 protein kinase regulates cell growth, organ size, and carcinogenesis. Reduction or loss of MST1 expression is implicated in poor cancer prognosis. However, the mechanism leading to MST1 silencing remains elusive. Here, we report that both MYC and EZH2 function as potent suppressors of MST1 expression in human prostate cancer cells. We demonstrated that concurrent overexpression of MYC and EZH2 correlated with the reduction or loss of MST1 expression, as shown by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. Methylation sensitive PCR and bisulfite genomic DNA sequencing showed that DNA methylation caused MST1 silencing. Pharmacologic and RNAi experiments revealed that MYC and EZH2 silenced MST1 expression by inhibiting its promoter activity, and that EZH2 was a mediator of the MYC-induced silencing of MST1. In addition, MYC contributed to MST1 silencing by partly inhibiting the expression of microRNA-26a/b, a negative regulator of EZH2. As shown by ChIP assays, EZH2-induced DNA methylation and H3K27me3 modification, which was accompanied by a reduced H3K4me3 mark and RNA polymerase II occupancy on the MST1 promoter CpG region, were the underlying cause of MST1 silencing. Moreover, potent pharmacologic inhibitors of MYC or EZH2 suppressed prostate cancer cell growth in vitro, and the knockdown of MST1 caused cells' resistance to MYC and EZH2 inhibitor-induced growth retardation. These findings indicate that MYC, in concert with EZH2, epigenetically attenuates MST1 expression and suggest that the loss of MST1/Hippo functions is critical for the MYC or EZH2 mediation of cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Kuser-Abali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology; Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics; The Uro-Oncology Program; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ahmet Alptekin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology; Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics; The Uro-Oncology Program; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Bekir Cinar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology; Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics; The Uro-Oncology Program; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA USA; Department of Medicine; David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA USA
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Scaffold attachment factor B1 regulates the androgen receptor in concert with the growth inhibitory kinase MST1 and the methyltransferase EZH2. Oncogene 2013; 33:3235-45. [PMID: 23893242 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor that employs many diverse interactions with coregulatory proteins in normal physiology and in prostate cancer (PCa). The AR mediates cellular responses in association with chromatin complexes and kinase cascades. Here we report that the nuclear matrix protein, scaffold attachment factor B1 (SAFB1), regulates AR activity and AR levels in a manner that suggests its involvement in PCa. SAFB1 mRNA expression was lower in PCa in comparison with normal prostate tissue in a majority of publicly available RNA expression data sets. SAFB1 protein levels were also reduced with disease progression in a cohort of human PCa that included metastatic tumors. SAFB1 bound to AR and was phosphorylated by the MST1 (Hippo homolog) serine-threonine kinase, previously shown to be an AR repressor, and MST1 localization to AR-dependent promoters was inhibited by SAFB1 depletion. Knockdown of SAFB1 in androgen-dependent LNCaP PCa cells increased AR and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, stimulated growth of cultured cells and subcutaneous xenografts and promoted a more aggressive phenotype, consistent with a repressive AR regulatory function. SAFB1 formed a complex with the histone methyltransferase EZH2 at AR-interacting chromatin sites in association with other polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) proteins. We conclude that SAFB1 acts as a novel AR co-regulator at gene loci where signals from the MST1/Hippo and EZH2 pathways converge.
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Ng YK, Lau WS, Lui VWY, Cheng ASL, Ng PKS, Tsui SKW, Cheung YS, Lai PBS. Full-length Mst1 exhibits growth promoting function in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:496-503. [PMID: 23347832 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The putative tumor suppressor Mst1, when cleaved to its 36kDa cleaved form, amplifies apoptotic signals. We found that Mst1 was predominantly expressed in its full-length form in 76% (17/25 cases) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors. Mst1 cleavage was basically absent in HCC cells. Ectopic full-length Mst1 expression increased the growth of HCC cells by 55-80% within 3days after transfection. Expression of exogenous NORE1B, a tumor suppressor commonly lost in HCC tumors (~56% of our cohort), was sufficient to suppress the growth promotion of full-length Mst1. Hence, Mst1 exhibits a growth promoting activity in HCC cells upon NORE1B downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Keng Ng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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