1
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An Updated Review on Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors as Antiplatelet Agents: Basic and Clinical Perspectives. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:93-107. [PMID: 36637623 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor is found integrin present in platelet aggregations. GP IIb/IIIa antagonists interfere with platelet cross-linking and platelet-derived thrombus formation through the competition with fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. Currently, three parenteral GP IIb/IIIa competitors (tirofiban, eptifibatide, and abciximab) are approved for clinical use in patients affected by percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in the location of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). GP IIb/IIIa antagonists have their mechanism of action in platelet aggregation prevention, distal thromboembolism, and thrombus formation, whereas the initial platelet binding to damage vascular areas is preserved. This work is aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the significance of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors as a sort of antiplatelet agent. Their mechanism of action is based on factors that affect their efficacy. On the other hand, drugs that inhibit GP IIb/IIIa already approved by the FDA were reviewed in detail. Results from major clinical trials and regulatory practices and guidelines to deal with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors were deeply investigated. The cardiovascular pathology and neuro-interventional surgical application of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors as a class of antiplatelet agents were developed in detail. The therapeutic risk/benefit balance of currently available GP IIb/IIa receptor antagonists is not yet well elucidated in patients with ACS who are not clinically evaluated regularly for early cardiovascular revascularization. On the other hand, in patients who have benefited from PCI, the antiplatelet therapy intensification by the addition of a GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist (intravenously) may be an appropriate therapeutic strategy in reducing the occurrence of risks of thrombotic complications related to the intervention. Development of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors with oral administration has the potential to include short-term antiplatelet benefits compared with intravenous GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors for long-term secondary preventive therapy in cardiovascular disease. But studies showed that long-term oral administration of GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors has been ineffective in preventing ischemic events. Paradoxically, they have been linked to a high risk of side effects by producing prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory events.
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2
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Wang Z, Zhu J. Structural determinants of the integrin transmembrane domain required for bidirectional signal transmission across the cell membrane. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101318. [PMID: 34678312 PMCID: PMC8569584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the tight activity regulation of platelet-specific integrin αIIbβ3 is foundational and paramount to our understanding of integrin structure and activation. αIIbβ3 is essential for the aggregation and adhesion function of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis. Structural and mutagenesis studies have previously revealed the critical role of αIIbβ3 transmembrane (TM) association in maintaining the inactive state. Gain-of-function TM mutations were identified and shown to destabilize the TM association leading to integrin activation. Studies using isolated TM peptides have suggested an altered membrane embedding of the β3 TM α-helix coupled with αIIbβ3 activation. However, controversies remain as to whether and how the TM α-helices change their topologies in the context of full-length integrin in native cell membrane. In this study, we utilized proline scanning mutagenesis and cysteine scanning accessibility assays to analyze the structure and function correlation of the αIIbβ3 TM domain. Our identification of loss-of-function proline mutations in the TM domain suggests the requirement of a continuous TM α-helical structure in transmitting activation signals bidirectionally across the cell membrane, characterized by the inside-out activation for ligand binding and the outside-in signaling for cell spreading. Similar results were found for αLβ2 and α5β1 TM domains, suggesting a generalizable mechanism. We also detected a topology change of β3 TM α-helix within the cell membrane, but only under conditions of cell adhesion and the absence of αIIb association. Our data demonstrate the importance of studying the structure and function of the integrin TM domain in the native cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengli Wang
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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3
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Haydari Z, Shams H, Jahed Z, Mofrad MRK. Kindlin Assists Talin to Promote Integrin Activation. Biophys J 2020; 118:1977-1991. [PMID: 32191864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αIIbβ3 is a predominant type of integrin abundantly expressed on the surface of platelets and its activation regulates the process of thrombosis. Talin and kindlin are cytoplasmic proteins that bind to integrin and modulate its affinity for extracellular ligands. Although the molecular details of talin-mediated integrin activation are known, the mechanism of kindlin involvement in this process remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the interplay between talin and kindlin promotes integrin activation. Our all-atomic molecular dynamics simulations on complete transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of integrin αIIbβ3, talin1 F2/F3 subdomains, and the kindlin2 FERM domain in an explicit lipid-water environment over a microsecond timescale unraveled the role of kindlin as an enhancer of the talin interaction with the membrane proximal region of β-integrin. The cooperation of kindlin with talin results in a complete disruption of salt bridges between R995 on αIIb and D723/E726 on β3. Furthermore, kindlin modifies the molecular mechanisms of inside-out activation by decreasing the crossing angle between transmembrane helices of integrin αIIbβ3, which eventually results in parallelization of integrin dimer. In addition, our control simulation featuring integrin in complex with kindlin reveals that kindlin binding is not sufficient for unclasping the inner-membrane and outer-membrane interactions of integrin dimer, thus ruling out the possibility of solitary action of kindlin in integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Haydari
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Hengameh Shams
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Zeinab Jahed
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California; Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California.
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4
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Thinn AMM, Wang Z, Zhu J. The membrane-distal regions of integrin α cytoplasmic domains contribute differently to integrin inside-out activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5067. [PMID: 29568062 PMCID: PMC5864728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functioning as signal receivers and transmitters, the integrin α/β cytoplasmic tails (CT) are pivotal in integrin activation and signaling. 18 α integrin subunits share a conserved membrane-proximal region but have a highly diverse membrane-distal (MD) region at their CTs. Recent studies demonstrated that the presence of α CTMD region is essential for talin-induced integrin inside-out activation. However, it remains unknown whether the non-conserved α CTMD regions differently regulate the inside-out activation of integrin. Using αIIbβ3, αLβ2, and α5β1 as model integrins and by replacing their α CTMD regions with those of α subunits that pair with β3, β2, and β1 subunits, we analyzed the function of CTMD regions of 17 α subunits in talin-mediated integrin activation. We found that the α CTMD regions play two roles on integrin, which are activation-supportive and activation-regulatory. The regulatory but not the supportive function depends on the sequence identity of α CTMD region. A membrane-proximal tyrosine residue present in the CTMD regions of a subset of α integrins was identified to negatively regulate integrin inside-out activation. Our study provides a useful resource for investigating the function of α integrin CTMD regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Myat Myat Thinn
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Zhengli Wang
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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5
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Lu Z, Mathew S, Chen J, Hadziselimovic A, Palamuttam R, Hudson BG, Fässler R, Pozzi A, Sanders CR, Zent R. Implications of the differing roles of the β1 and β3 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains for integrin function. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27929375 PMCID: PMC5207772 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors composed of α and β subunits. Although most integrins contain β1, canonical activation mechanisms are based on studies of the platelet integrin, αIIbβ3. Its inactive conformation is characterized by the association of the αIIb transmembrane and cytosolic domain (TM/CT) with a tilted β3 TM/CT that leads to activation when disrupted. We show significant structural differences between β1 and β3 TM/CT in bicelles. Moreover, the 'snorkeling' lysine at the TM/CT interface of β subunits, previously proposed to regulate αIIbβ3 activation by ion pairing with nearby lipids, plays opposite roles in β1 and β3 integrin function and in neither case is responsible for TM tilt. A range of affinities from almost no interaction to the relatively high avidity that characterizes αIIbβ3 is seen between various α subunits and β1 TM/CTs. The αIIbβ3-based canonical model for the roles of the TM/CT in integrin activation and function clearly does not extend to all mammalian integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Sijo Mathew
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Arina Hadziselimovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Riya Palamuttam
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, United States
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6
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Puddu PE, Iannetta L, Placanica A, Cuturello D, Schiariti M, Manfrini O. The role of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes and the interference with anemia. Int J Cardiol 2016; 222:1091-1096. [PMID: 27522492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role played by glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) has continuously evolved until the most recent Guidelines whereby they were stepped down from class I to class II recommendation for treating acute coronary syndromes (ACS). GPI compete with a wider use of ADP inhibitors and novel anticoagulant drugs although GPI use has greatly narrowed. However, GPI may still have a role. Several criteria were proposed to define post-PCI anemia which is strictly related to bleeding and transfusion. In ACS, it should be important to define anemia in comparative terms versus baseline levels: ≥ 15% of red blood cell decrease should be a practical cut-off value. If one wishes to concentrate on hemoglobin (Hb), a≥2g/dl Hb decrease from baseline should be considered. It is important to recognize post-PCI anemia in the setting of ACS. There are sub-populations exposed to short-term hemorrhagic and/or long-term ischemic risks. Ischemic and hemorrhagic risks need to be carefully evaluated along with thrombocytopenia and its prognostic significance in order to put all these blood and rheological parameters into a clinically oriented perspective on which therapeutical decisions should be based. Definition of high risk procedures (complexity, angiographic characteristics and patient's risk profile, regardless whether STEMI or NSTEMI) may help selecting GPI. There are positive elements in GPI use: efficacy, rapid onset and reversibility of action, absence of pharmacogenomic variability, pharmacoeconomic considerations and the possibility of intracoronary administration. All these elements should be evaluated when selecting these agents for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Emilio Puddu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Loredana Iannetta
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Attilio Placanica
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenico Cuturello
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Schiariti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Olivia Manfrini
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy.
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7
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Liu J, Wang Z, Thinn AMM, Ma YQ, Zhu J. The dual structural roles of the membrane distal region of the α-integrin cytoplasmic tail during integrin inside-out activation. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1718-31. [PMID: 25749862 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.160663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the mechanism of integrin inside-out activation have been focused on the role of β-integrin cytoplasmic tails, which are relatively conserved and bear binding sites for the intracellular activators including talin and kindlin. Cytoplasmic tails for α-integrins share a conserved GFFKR motif at the membrane-proximal region and this forms a specific interface with the β-integrin membrane-proximal region to keep the integrin inactive. The α-integrin membrane-distal regions, after the GFFKR motif, are diverse both in length and sequence and their roles in integrin activation have not been well-defined. In this study, we report that the α-integrin cytoplasmic membrane-distal region contributes to maintaining integrin in the resting state and to integrin inside-out activation. Complete deletion of the α-integrin membrane-distal region diminished talin- and kindlin-mediated integrin ligand binding and conformational change. A proper length and suitable amino acids in α-integrin membrane-distal region was found to be important for integrin inside-out activation. Our data establish an essential role for the α-integrin cytoplasmic membrane-distal region in integrin activation and provide new insights into how talin and kindlin induce the high-affinity integrin conformation that is required for fully functional integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Liu
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zhengli Wang
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Aye Myat Myat Thinn
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yan-Qing Ma
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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8
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Provasi D, Negri A, Coller BS, Filizola M. Talin-driven inside-out activation mechanism of platelet αIIbβ3 integrin probed by multimicrosecond, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Proteins 2014; 82:3231-3240. [PMID: 24677266 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Platelet aggregation is the consequence of the binding of extracellular bivalent ligands such as fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor to the high affinity, active state of integrin αIIbβ3. This state is achieved through a so-called "inside-out" mechanism characterized by the membrane-assisted formation of a complex between the F2 and F3 subdomains of intracellular protein talin and the integrin β3 tail. Here, we present the results of multi-microsecond, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations carried on the complete transmembrane (TM) and C-terminal (CT) domains of αIIbβ3 integrin in an explicit lipid-water environment, and in the presence or absence of the talin-1 F2 and F3 subdomains. These large-scale simulations provide unprecedented molecular-level insights into the talin-driven inside-out activation of αIIbβ3 integrin. Specifically, they suggest a preferred conformation of the complete αIIbβ3 TM/CT domains in a lipid-water environment, and testable hypotheses of key intermolecular interactions between αIIbβ3 integrin and the F2/F3 domains of talin-1. Notably, not only do these simulations give support to a stable left-handed reverse turn conformation of the αIIb juxtamembrane motif rather than a helical turn, but they raise the question as to whether TM helix separation is required for talin-driven integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Provasi
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1677, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ana Negri
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1677, New York, New York 10029
| | - Barry S Coller
- Allen and Frances Adler Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 309, New York, New York 10065
| | - Marta Filizola
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1677, New York, New York 10029
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9
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Adamson K, Dolan C, Moran N, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. RGD Labeled Ru(II) Polypyridyl Conjugates for Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 Recognition and as Reporters of Integrin Conformation. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:928-44. [DOI: 10.1021/bc5000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Adamson
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ciaran Dolan
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Niamh Moran
- The
Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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10
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Abstract
Unlike other blood cells, platelets are small anucleate structures derived from marrow megakaryocytes. Thought for almost a century to possess solely hemostatic potentials, platelets, however, play a much wider role in tissue regeneration and repair and interact intimately with tumor cells. On one hand, tumor cells induce platelet aggregation (TCIPA), known to act as the trigger of cancer-associated thrombosis. On the other hand, platelets recruited to the tumor microenvironment interact, directly, with tumor cells, favoring their proliferation, and, indirectly, through the release of a wide palette of growth factors, including angiogenic and mitogenic proteins. In addition, the role of platelets is not solely confined to the primary tumor site. Indeed, they escort tumor cells, helping their intravasation, vascular migration, arrest, and extravasation to the tissues to form distant metastasis. As expected, nonspecific or specific inhibition of platelets and their content represents an attractive novel approach in the fight against cancer. This review illustrates the role played by platelets at primary tumor sites and in the various stages of the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi A Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada.
| | - Julie Stakiw
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | | | - Thierry Burnouf
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Das M, Ithychanda S, Qin J, Plow EF. Mechanisms of talin-dependent integrin signaling and crosstalk. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:579-88. [PMID: 23891718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cells undergo dynamic remodeling of the cytoskeleton during adhesion and migration on various extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates in response to physiological and pathological cues. The major mediators of such cellular responses are the heterodimeric adhesion receptors, the integrins. Extracellular or intracellular signals emanating from different signaling cascades cause inside-out signaling of integrins via talin, a cystokeletal protein that links integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. Various integrin subfamilies communicate with each other and growth factor receptors under diverse cellular contexts to facilitate or inhibit various integrin-mediated functions. Since talin is an essential mediator of integrin activation, much of the integrin crosstalk would therefore be influenced by talin. However, despite the existence of an extensive body of knowledge on the role of talin in integrin activation and as a stabilizer of ECM-actin linkage, information on its role in regulating inter-integrin communication is limited. This review will focus on the structure of talin, its regulation of integrin activation and discuss its potential role in integrin crosstalk. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Das
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Sujay Ithychanda
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
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12
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Fu X, Rivera A, Tao L, Zhang X. Genetically modified T cells targeting neovasculature efficiently destroy tumor blood vessels, shrink established solid tumors and increase nanoparticle delivery. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2483-92. [PMID: 23661285 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Converting T cells into tumor cell killers by grafting them with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has shown promise as a cancer immunotherapeutic. However, the inability of these cells to actively migrate and extravasate into tumor parenchyma has limited their effectiveness in vivo. Here we report the construction of a CAR containing an echistatin as its targeting moiety (eCAR). As echistatin has high binding affinity to αvβ3 integrin that is highly expressed on the surface of endothelial cells of tumor neovasculature, T cells engrafted with eCAR (T-eCAR) can efficiently lyse human umbilical vein endothelial cells and tumor cells that express αvβ3 integrin when tested in vitro. Systemic administration of T-eCAR led to extensive bleeding in tumor tissues with no evidence of damage to blood vessels in normal tissues. Destruction of tumor blood vessels by T-eCAR significantly inhibited the growth of established bulky tumors. Moreover, when T-eCAR was codelivered with nanoparticles in a strategically designed temporal order, it dramatically increased nanoparticle deposition in tumor tissues, pointing to the possibility that it may be used together with nanocarriers to increase their capability to selectively deliver antineoplastic drugs to tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Fu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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13
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Bouvard D, Pouwels J, De Franceschi N, Ivaska J. Integrin inactivators: balancing cellular functions in vitro and in vivo. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:430-42. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Iannetta L, Puddu PE, Cuturello D, Saladini A, Pellicano M, Schiariti M. Is There Still a Role for Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists in Acute Coronary Syndromes? Cardiol Res 2013; 4:1-7. [PMID: 28348696 PMCID: PMC5358181 DOI: 10.4021/cr251w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role played by glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors has continuously evolved from the initial introduction in mid 90 s until the most recent guidelines for treating acute coronary syndromes, and competed with a wider use of ADP inhibitors and novel anticoagulant drugs, to the extent that they stepped down from class I to class II recommendation in the routine setting of acute coronary syndromes. As a consequence, GP IIb/IIIa use was greatly narrowed. The purpose of this review is to define the roles that GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors may still have in acute ischemic settings by explaining why in high risk patients they might be preferable and/or whether they might be added to ADP inhibitors also emphasizing the underlying mechanistic actions. It is concluded that there might be a more extensive use of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes, strictly based on the definition for a high risk procedure: complexity, angiographic characteristics and patient's risk profile, regardless whether STEMI or NSTEMI. The positive elements one should appreciate in GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors are: efficacy, rapid onset and reversibility of action, absence of pharmacogenomic variability, pharmacoeconomic considerations and the possibility of intracoronary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Iannetta
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Emilio Puddu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Cuturello
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mariano Pellicano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Schiariti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
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