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Wang J, Zhang Y, Li L, Wang L, Sun S, Wang B, Ge Y, Zhang Z. Nudt15-mediated inflammatory signaling contributes to divergent outcomes in leukemogenesis and hematopoiesis. Leukemia 2024; 38:1958-1970. [PMID: 39025986 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
NUDT15 encodes nucleotide triphosphate diphosphatase that is responsible for metabolizing purine analog drugs, and its genetic mutation results in severe side effects from thiopurine therapy. However, the functions of Nudt15 in leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain unknown. Here we reveal the Nudt15-regulating self-renewal of both mouse LSCs and HSCs. Our data show that Nudt15 negatively regulates murine leukemogenesis and its deficiency prolongs the survival of murine AML recipients by impairing LSC self-renewal, while Nudt15 ablation markedly enhances mouse HSC regenerative potential and self-renewal. Mechanistically, Nudt15 modulates inflammatory signaling in mouse LSCs and HSCs, leading to divergent self-renewal outcomes. Nudt15 depletion inhibits mouse LSC self-renewal by downregulating Ifi30, resulting in elevating intracellular ROS level. Gata2, a key regulator, is required for Nudt15-mediating inflammatory signaling in mouse HSCs. Collectively, our results present new crucial roles of Nudt15 in maintaining the functions of mouse LSC and HSC through inflammatory signaling and have a new insight into clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liujiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shuainan Sun
- Qianweichang College, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Bowu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yanwen Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Shaoxing Institute of Technology, Shanghai University, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
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2
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Scaletti ER, Unterlass JE, Almlöf I, Koolmeister T, Vallin KS, Kapsitidou D, Tsuber V, Helleday T, Stenmark P, Jemth AS. Kinetic and structural characterization of NUDT15 and NUDT18 as catalysts of isoprene pyrophosphate hydrolysis. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38944687 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Isoprene pyrophosphates play a crucial role in the synthesis of a diverse array of essential nonsterol and sterol biomolecules and serve as substrates for posttranslational isoprenylation of proteins, enabling specific anchoring to cellular membranes. Hydrolysis of isoprene pyrophosphates would be a means to modulate their levels, downstream products, and protein isoprenylation. While NUDIX hydrolases from plants have been described to catalyze the hydrolysis of isoprene pyrophosphates, homologous enzymes with this function in animals have not yet been reported. In this study, we screened an extensive panel of human NUDIX hydrolases for activity in hydrolyzing isoprene pyrophosphates. We found that human nucleotide triphosphate diphosphatase NUDT15 and 8-oxo-dGDP phosphatase NUDT18 efficiently catalyze the hydrolysis of several physiologically relevant isoprene pyrophosphates. Notably, we demonstrate that geranyl pyrophosphate is an excellent substrate for NUDT18, with a catalytic efficiency of 2.1 × 105 m-1·s-1, thus making it the best substrate identified for NUDT18 to date. Similarly, geranyl pyrophosphate proved to be the best isoprene pyrophosphate substrate for NUDT15, with a catalytic efficiency of 4.0 × 104 M-1·s-1. LC-MS analysis of NUDT15 and NUDT18 catalyzed isoprene pyrophosphate hydrolysis revealed the generation of the corresponding monophosphates and inorganic phosphate. Furthermore, we solved the crystal structure of NUDT15 in complex with the hydrolysis product geranyl phosphate at a resolution of 1.70 Å. This structure revealed that the active site nicely accommodates the hydrophobic isoprenoid moiety and helped identify key binding residues. Our findings imply that isoprene pyrophosphates are endogenous substrates of NUDT15 and NUDT18, suggesting they are involved in animal isoprene pyrophosphate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Scaletti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Judith E Unterlass
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Karl S Vallin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Despina Kapsitidou
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Viktoriia Tsuber
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
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3
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Li Y, Wang X. The role of DNA and RNA guanosine oxidation in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107187. [PMID: 38657843 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) persist as a prominent cause of mortality worldwide, with oxidative stress constituting a pivotal contributory element. The oxidative modification of guanosine, specifically 8-oxoguanine, has emerged as a crucial biomarker for oxidative stress, providing novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of CVD. 8-Oxoguanine can be directly generated at the DNA (8-oxo-dG) and RNA (8-oxo-G) levels, as well as at the free nucleotide level (8-oxo-dGTP or 8-oxo-GTP), which are produced and can be integrated through DNA replication or RNA transcription. When exposed to oxidative stress, guanine is more readily produced in RNA than in DNA. A burgeoning body of research surrounds 8-oxoguanine, exhibits its accumulation playing a pivotal role in the development of CVD. Therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative 8-Oxoguanine damage to DNA and RNA, encompassing the modulation of repair enzymes and the development of small molecule inhibitors, are anticipated to enhance CVD management. In conclusion, we explore the noteworthy elevation of 8-oxoguanine levels in patients with various cardiac conditions and deliberate upon the formation and regulation of 8-oxo-dG and 8-oxo-G under oxidative stress, as well as their function in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai 201203, China.
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4
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Han J, Liang J, Zhou W, Zhang M, Jin T. Association between NUDT17 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:459-466. [PMID: 38756100 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2353700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The nudix hydrolase 17 (NUDT17) may play notable roles in cancer growth and metastasis. In this study, we explored the importance of NUDT17 gene polymorphism in patients with BC. METHODS In our study, 563 BC patients and 552 healthy controls participated. We used logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and multifactor dimension reduction (MDR) analysis of SNP-SNP interactions. Finally, UALCAN and THPA databases were used for bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The rs9286836 G allele was associated with a decreased the BC risk (p = 0.022), and the carriers of rs2004659 G allele had a 32% decreased risk of BC than individuals with allele A (p = 0.004). In the four genetic models, rs9286836 and rs2004659 reduced the risk of BC. Additionally, we found that the NUDT17 SNPs were associated with BC risk under age, tumor size, and clinical stage stratification. The MDR analysis showed that the five-locus interaction model was the best in the multi-locus model. CONCLUSION Our study found that NUDT17 single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with BC susceptibility in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Han
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Sinitsky M, Repkin E, Sinitskaya A, Markova V, Shishkova D, Barbarash O. Proteomic Profiling of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Mitomycin C: Key Proteins and Pathways Underlying Genotoxic Stress-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4044. [PMID: 38612854 PMCID: PMC11011977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MMC)-induced genotoxic stress can be considered to be a novel trigger of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis-a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Given the increasing genotoxic load on the human organism, the decryption of the molecular pathways underlying genotoxic stress-induced endothelial dysfunction could improve our understanding of the role of genotoxic stress in atherogenesis. Here, we performed a proteomic profiling of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and human internal thoracic endothelial cells (HITAECs) in vitro that were exposed to MMC to identify the biochemical pathways and proteins underlying genotoxic stress-induced endothelial dysfunction. We denoted 198 and 71 unique, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the MMC-treated HCAECs and HITAECs, respectively; only 4 DEPs were identified in both the HCAECs and HITAECs. In the MMC-treated HCAECs, 44.5% of the DEPs were upregulated and 55.5% of the DEPs were downregulated, while in HITAECs, these percentages were 72% and 28%, respectively. The denoted DEPs are involved in the processes of nucleotides and RNA metabolism, vesicle-mediated transport, post-translation protein modification, cell cycle control, the transport of small molecules, transcription and signal transduction. The obtained results could improve our understanding of the fundamental basis of atherogenesis and help in the justification of genotoxic stress as a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Sinitsky
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Academician Barbarash Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Egor Repkin
- Centre for Molecular and Cell Technologies, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Sinitskaya
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Academician Barbarash Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Victoria Markova
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translation and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Academician Barbarash Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Daria Shishkova
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translation and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Academician Barbarash Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Olga Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Academician Barbarash Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
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6
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Huth T, Dreher EC, Lemke S, Fritzsche S, Sugiyanto RN, Castven D, Ibberson D, Sticht C, Eiteneuer E, Jauch A, Pusch S, Albrecht T, Goeppert B, Candia J, Wang XW, Ji J, Marquardt JU, Nahnsen S, Schirmacher P, Roessler S. Chromosome 8p engineering reveals increased metastatic potential targetable by patient-specific synthetic lethality in liver cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1442. [PMID: 38134284 PMCID: PMC10745716 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale chromosomal aberrations are prevalent in human cancer, but their function remains poorly understood. We established chromosome-engineered hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. A 33-mega-base pair region on chromosome 8p (chr8p) was heterozygously deleted, mimicking a frequently observed chromosomal deletion. Using this isogenic model system, we delineated the functional consequences of chr8p loss and its impact on metastatic behavior and patient survival. We found that metastasis-associated genes on chr8p act in concert to induce an aggressive and invasive phenotype characteristic for chr8p-deleted tumors. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 viability screening in isogenic chr8p-deleted cells served as a powerful tool to find previously unidentified synthetic lethal targets and vulnerabilities accompanying patient-specific chromosomal alterations. Using this target identification strategy, we showed that chr8p deletion sensitizes tumor cells to targeting of the reactive oxygen sanitizing enzyme Nudix hydrolase 17. Thus, chromosomal engineering allowed for the identification of novel synthetic lethalities specific to chr8p loss of heterozygosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Huth
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emely C. Dreher
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Lemke
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Fritzsche
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raisatun N. Sugiyanto
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darko Castven
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - David Ibberson
- Deep Sequencing Core Facility, CellNetworks Excellence Cluster, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Eiteneuer
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Jauch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, 71640 Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - Julián Candia
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Junfang Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jens U. Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sven Nahnsen
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Biomedical Data Science, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- The M3 Research Center, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Lukaszewicz M, Ferenc-Mrozek A, Kokosza J, Stefaniuk A, Stepinski J, Bojarska E, Darzynkiewicz E. Mammalian Nudt15 hydrolytic and binding activity on methylated guanosine mononucleotides. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2023; 52:487-495. [PMID: 37644211 PMCID: PMC10618335 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-023-01678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The Nudt15 enzyme of the NUDIX protein family is the subject of extensive study due to its action on thiopurine drugs used in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. In addition to thiopurines, Nudt15 is enzymatically active in vitro on several nucleotide substrates. It has also been suggested that this enzyme may play a role in 5'RNA turnover by hydrolyzing m7GDP, a product of mRNA decapping. However, no detailed studies on this substrate with Nudt15 are available. Here, we analyzed the enzymatic activity of Nudt15 with m7GDP, its triphosphate form m7GTP, and the trimethylated counterparts (m32,2,7GDP and m32,2,7GTP). Kinetic data revealed a moderate activity of Nudt15 toward these methylated mononucleotides compared to the dGTP substrate. However m7GDP and m32,2,7GDP showed a distinct stabilization of Nudt15 upon ligand binding, in the same range as dGTP, and thus these two mononucleotides may be used as leading structures in the design of small molecule binders of Nudt15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Lukaszewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Ferenc-Mrozek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Kokosza
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stefaniuk
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Stepinski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Bojarska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Darzynkiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Broderick K, Moutaoufik MT, Aly KA, Babu M. Sanitation enzymes: Exquisite surveillance of the noncanonical nucleotide pool to safeguard the genetic blueprint. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 94:11-20. [PMID: 37211293 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are common products of normal cellular metabolism, but their elevated levels can result in nucleotide modifications. These modified or noncanonical nucleotides often integrate into nascent DNA during replication, causing lesions that trigger DNA repair mechanisms such as the mismatch repair machinery and base excision repair. Four superfamilies of sanitization enzymes can effectively hydrolyze noncanonical nucleotides from the precursor pool and eliminate their unintended incorporation into DNA. Notably, we focus on the representative MTH1 NUDIX hydrolase, whose enzymatic activity is ostensibly nonessential under normal physiological conditions. Yet, the sanitization attributes of MTH1 are more prevalent when ROS levels are abnormally high in cancer cells, rendering MTH1 an interesting target for developing anticancer treatments. We discuss multiple MTH1 inhibitory strategies that have emerged in recent years, and the potential of NUDIX hydrolases as plausible targets for the development of anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Broderick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Khaled A Aly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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9
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Debar L, Ishak L, Moretton A, Anoosheh S, Morel F, Jenninger L, Balandier I, Vernet P, Hofer A, van den Wildenberg S, Farge G. NUDT6 and NUDT9, two mitochondrial members of the NUDIX family, have distinct hydrolysis activities. Mitochondrion 2023:S1567-7249(23)00054-5. [PMID: 37343711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The 22 members of the NUDIX (NUcleoside DIphosphate linked to another moiety, X) hydrolase superfamily can hydrolyze a variety of phosphorylated molecules including (d)NTPs and their oxidized forms, nucleotide sugars, capped mRNAs and dinucleotide coenzymes such as NADH and FADH. Beside this broad range of enzymatic substrates, the NUDIX proteins can also be found in different cellular compartments, mainly in the nucleus and in the cytosol, but also in the peroxisome and in the mitochondria. Here we studied two members of the family, NUDT6 and NUDT9. We showed that NUDT6 is expressed in human cells and localizes exclusively to mitochondria and we confirmed that NUDT9 has a mitochondrial localization. To elucidate their potential role within this organelle, we investigated the functional consequences at the mitochondrial level of NUDT6- and NUDT9-deficiency and found that the depletion of either of the two proteins results in an increased activity of the respiratory chain and an alteration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes expression. We demonstrated that NUDT6 and NUDT9 have distinct substrate specificity in vitro, which is dependent on the cofactor used. They can both hydrolyze a large range of low molecular weight compounds such as NAD+(H), FAD and ADPR, but NUDT6 is mainly active towards NADH, while NUDT9 displays a higher activity towards ADPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Debar
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Layal Ishak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 440, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amandine Moretton
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Saber Anoosheh
- Umeå University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frederic Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Louise Jenninger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 440, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Balandier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Patrick Vernet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Anders Hofer
- Umeå University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Siet van den Wildenberg
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, LMV, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geraldine Farge
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.
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10
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Li J, Zhang H, Wang ZH, Li YX, Zhang LQ, Cui J, Li DN, Wang ZH, Liu Q, Liu Z, Iwakuma T, Cai JP. 8-oxo-dGTP curbs tumor development via S phase arrest and AIF-mediated apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 196:53-64. [PMID: 36640852 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can attack precursor nucleotides, resulting in nucleic acid damage in cells. It remains unclear how 8-oxo-dGTP and 8-oxoGTP, oxidized forms of dGTP and GTP, respectively, could affect DNA or RNA oxidation levels and tumor development. To address this, we intravenously administered 8-oxo-dGTP and 8-oxoGTP to wild-type and MTH1-knockout mice. 8-oxoGTP administration increased frequency of tumor incidence, which is more prominent in MTH1-knockout mice. However, 8-oxo-dGTP treatment rather reduced tumor development regardless of the mouse genotype. The tumor suppressive effects of 8-oxo-dGTP were further confirmed using xenograft and C57/6J-ApcMin/Nju mouse models. Mechanistically, 8-oxo-dGTP increased the 8-oxo-dG contents in DNA and DNA strand breakage, induced cell cycle arrest in S phase and apoptosis mediated by AIF, eventually leading to reduced tumor incidence. These results suggest distinct roles of 8-oxo-dGTP and 8-oxoGTP in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Zhen-He Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Yun-Xuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Dan-Ni Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zi-Hui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
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11
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Isono T, Hira D, Ikeda Y, Kawahara M, Noda S, Nishida A, Inatomi O, Fujimoto N, Andoh A, Terada T, Morita SY. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms, c.415C > T (Arg139Cys) and c.416G > A (Arg139His), in the NUDT15 Gene Are Associated with Thiopurine-Induced Leukopenia. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:412-418. [PMID: 36858569 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
While nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X-type motif 15 (NUDT15) gene polymorphism Arg139Cys (rs116855232) is known to be a risk factor for thiopurine-induced severe leukopenia, association with the NUDT15 gene polymorphism Arg139His (rs147390019) has not yet been clarified. In addition, the accuracy of TaqMan PCR to assess these two polymorphisms has not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated TaqMan PCR for detection of the NUDT15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examined the clinical impact of Arg139His on thiopurine-induced leukopenia. First, we demonstrated that a TaqMan PCR assay successfully detected the Arg139His polymorphism of NUDT15 in clinical samples. Next, the NUDT15 gene polymorphisms (Arg139Cys and Arg139His) were separately analyzed by TaqMan Real-Time PCR in 189 patients from August 2018 to July 2019. The incidences of leukopenia within 2 years were 16.2, 57.9, and 100% for arginine (Arg)/Arg, Arg/cysteine (Cys), and Arg/histidine (His), respectively. The leukopenia was significantly increased in Arg/Cys and Arg/His compared with Arg/Arg. This retrospective clinical study indicated that, in addition to Arg139Cys, Arg139His may be clinically associated with a high risk of leukopenia. Pharmacogenomics will help in selecting drugs and determining the individualized dosage of thiopurine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuichiro Isono
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital
| | - Daiki Hira
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Yoshito Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Satoshi Noda
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Noriki Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Tomohiro Terada
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Shin-Ya Morita
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital
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12
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Abstract
DNA repair enzymes continuously provide surveillance throughout our cells, protecting the enclosed DNA from the damage that is constantly arising from oxidation, alkylating species, and radiation. Members of this enzyme class are intimately linked to pathways controlling cancer and inflammation and are promising targets for diagnostics and future therapies. Their study is benefiting widely from the development of new tools and methods aimed at measuring their activities. Here, we provide an Account of our laboratory's work on developing chemical tools to study DNA repair processes in vitro, as well as in cells and tissues, and what we have learned by applying them.We first outline early work probing how DNA repair enzymes recognize specific forms of damage by use of chemical analogs of the damage with altered shapes and H-bonding abilities. One outcome of this was the development of an unnatural DNA base that is incorporated selectively by polymerase enzymes opposite sites of missing bases (abasic sites) in DNA, a very common form of damage.We then describe strategies for design of fluorescent probes targeted to base excision repair (BER) enzymes; these were built from small synthetic DNAs incorporating fluorescent moieties to engender light-up signals as the enzymatic reaction proceeds. Examples of targets for these DNA probes include UDG, SMUG1, Fpg, OGG1, MutYH, ALKBH2, ALKBH3, MTH1, and NTH1. Several such strategies were successful and were applied both in vitro and in cellular settings; moreover, some were used to discover small-molecule modulators of specific repair enzymes. One of these is the compound SU0268, a potent OGG1 inhibitor that is under investigation in animal models for inhibiting hyperinflammatory responses.To investigate cellular nucleotide sanitation pathways, we designed a series of "two-headed" nucleotides containing a damaged DNA nucleotide at one end and ATP at the other; these were applied to studying the three human sanitation enzymes MTH1, dUTPase, and dITPase, some of which are therapeutic targets. The MTH1 probe (ARGO) was used in collaboration with oncologists to measure the enzyme in tumors as a disease marker and also to develop the first small-molecule activators of the enzyme.We proceed to discuss the development of a "universal" probe of base excision repair processes (UBER), which reacts covalently with abasic site intermediates of base excision repair. UBER probes light up in real time as the reaction occurs, enabling the observation of base excision repair as it occurs in live cells and tissues. UBER probes can also be used in efficient and simple methods for fluorescent labeling of DNA. Finally, we suggest interesting directions for the future of this field in biomedicine and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 369 North-South Axis, Stauffer I, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 369 North-South Axis, Stauffer I, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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13
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Helleday T, Rudd SG. Targeting the DNA damage response and repair in cancer through nucleotide metabolism. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3792-3810. [PMID: 35583750 PMCID: PMC9627788 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of the DNA damage response and DNA repair proficiency of cancer cells is an important anticancer strategy. The replication and repair of DNA are dependent upon the supply of deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) building blocks, which are produced and maintained by nucleotide metabolic pathways. Enzymes within these pathways can be promising targets to selectively induce toxic DNA lesions in cancer cells. These same pathways also activate antimetabolites, an important group of chemotherapies that disrupt both nucleotide and DNA metabolism to induce DNA damage in cancer cells. Thus, dNTP metabolic enzymes can also be targeted to refine the use of these chemotherapeutics, many of which remain standard of care in common cancers. In this review article, we will discuss both these approaches exemplified by the enzymes MTH1, MTHFD2 and SAMHD1. © 2022 The Authors. Molecular Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer CentreUniversity of SheffieldUK
| | - Sean G. Rudd
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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14
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Jemth AS, Scaletti ER, Homan E, Stenmark P, Helleday T, Michel M. Nudix hydrolase 18 catalyzes the hydrolysis of active triphosphate metabolites of the antivirals remdesivir, ribavirin, and molnupiravir. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102169. [PMID: 35732208 PMCID: PMC9212496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Remdesivir and molnupiravir have gained considerable interest because of their demonstrated activity against SARS-CoV-2. These antivirals are converted intracellularly to their active triphosphate forms remdesivir-TP and molnupiravir-TP. Cellular hydrolysis of these active metabolites would consequently decrease the efficiency of these drugs; however, whether endogenous enzymes that can catalyze this hydrolysis exist is unknown. Here, we tested remdesivir-TP as a substrate against a panel of human hydrolases and found that only Nudix hydrolase (NUDT) 18 catalyzed the hydrolysis of remdesivir-TP with notable activity. The kcat/Km value of NUDT18 for remdesivir-TP was determined to be 17,700 s-1M-1, suggesting that NUDT18-catalyzed hydrolysis of remdesivir-TP may occur in cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that the triphosphates of the antivirals ribavirin and molnupiravir are also hydrolyzed by NUDT18, albeit with lower efficiency than Remdesivir-TP. Low activity was also observed with the triphosphate forms of sofosbuvir and aciclovir. This is the first report showing that NUDT18 hydrolyzes triphosphates of nucleoside analogs of exogenous origin, suggesting that NUDT18 can act as a cellular sanitizer of modified nucleotides and may influence the antiviral efficacy of remdesivir, molnupiravir, and ribavirin. As NUDT18 is expressed in respiratory epithelial cells, it may limit the antiviral efficacy of remdesivir and molnupiravir against SARS-CoV-2 replication by decreasing the intracellular concentration of their active metabolites at their intended site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Emma Rose Scaletti
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evert Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice Michel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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15
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Chen X, Yu H, Li Z, Ye W, Liu Z, Gao J, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang L, Alenina N, Bader M, Ding H, Li P, Aung LHH. Oxidative RNA Damage in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:725919. [PMID: 35418873 PMCID: PMC8995861 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.725919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive production of free radicals can induce cellular damage, which is associated with many diseases. RNA is more susceptible to oxidative damage than DNA due to its single-stranded structure, and lack of protective proteins. Yet, oxidative damage to RNAs received little attention. Accumulating evidence reveals that oxidized RNAs may be dysfunctional and play fundamental role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. Oxidized guanine nucleoside, 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGuo) is a biomarker of RNA oxidation that could be associated with prognosis in patients with T2D. Nowadays, some clinical trials used antioxidants for the treatment of T2D, though the pharmacological effects remained unclear. In this review, we overview the cellular handling mechanisms and the consequences of the oxidative RNA damage for the better understanding of pathogenesis of T2D and may provide new insights to better therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiatian Chen
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Yu
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Device, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Ziqian Liu
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongyan Ding
- School of Bioengineering, Suqian University, Suqian, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Li, ; Lynn Htet Htet Aung,
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Li, ; Lynn Htet Htet Aung,
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16
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Curing the Curable: Managing Low-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Resource Limited Countries. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204728. [PMID: 34682851 PMCID: PMC8540602 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is curable, global disparities in treatment outcomes remain. To reduce these global disparities in low-middle income countries (LMIC), a paradigm shift is needed: start with curing low-risk ALL. Low-risk ALL, which accounts for >50% of patients, can be cured with low-toxicity therapies already defined by collaborative studies. We reviewed the components of these low-toxicity regimens in recent clinical trials for low-risk ALL and suggest how they can be adopted in LMIC. In treating childhood ALL, the key is risk stratification, which can be resource stratified. NCI standard-risk criteria (age 1–10 years, WBC < 50,000/uL) is simple yet highly effective. Other favorable features such as ETV6-RUNX1, hyperdiploidy, early peripheral blood and bone marrow responses, and simplified flow MRD at the end of induction can be added depending on resources. With limited supportive care in LMIC, more critical than relapse is treatment-related morbidity and mortality. Less intensive induction allows early marrow recovery, reducing the need for intensive supportive care. Other key elements in low-toxicity protocol designs include: induction steroid type; high-dose versus low-dose escalating methotrexate; judicious use of anthracyclines; and steroid pulses during maintenance. In summary, the first effective step in curing ALL in LMIC is to focus on curing low-risk ALL with less intensive therapy and less toxicity.
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17
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Lian X, Li Y, Li L, U K, Wang W, Shi Y, Ma J, Wang H. A novel single-tube multiplex real-time PCR assay for genotyping of thiopurine intolerance-causing variant NUDT15 c.415C>T. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1961-1967. [PMID: 34192970 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211026579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiopurines are commonly used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and autoimmune conditions, can be limited by myelosuppression. The NUDT15 c.415C>T variant is strongly associated with thiopurine-induced myelosuppression, especially in Asians. The purpose of this study was to develop a fast and reliable genotyping method for NUDT15 c.415C>T and investigate the polymorphic distribution among different races in China. A single-tube multiplex real-time PCR assay for NUDT15 c.415C>T genotyping was established using allele-specific TaqMan probes. In 229 samples, the genotyping results obtained through the established method were completely concordant with those obtained by Sanger sequencing. The distributions of NUDT15 c.415C>T among 173 Han Chinese, 48 Miaos, 40 Kazakhs, and 40 Kirghiz were different, with allelic frequencies of 0.06, 0.02, 0.07, and 0, respectively. This method will provide a powerful tool for the implementation of the genotyping-based personalized prescription of thiopurines in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lian
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Kaicheng U
- American Heritage School, Plantation, FL 33325, USA
| | - Wenxia Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yinmin Shi
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiying Ma
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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18
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Lan C, Wang Y, Su X, Lu J, Ma S. LncRNA LINC00958 Activates mTORC1/P70S6K Signalling Pathway to Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:539-549. [PMID: 33979257 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1929282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the influence of LINC00958 on the EMT process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our study, The LINC00958 was up-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. LINC00958 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and EMT process of HCC. The analysis of TCGA and StarBase showed that NUDT19 was a direct target of LINC00958 and was positively regulated by LINC00958. Besides, NUDT19 activated mTORC1/P70S6K signalling pathway. Both NUDT19 overexpression and mTORC1 activator MYH1485 reversed the inhibitory effect of LINC00958 silencing on proliferation, migration, and EMT process of HCC. In conclusion, LINC00958 silencing inhibited the proliferation, migration, and EMT process of HCC via inhibiting NUDT19 mediated mTORC1/P70S6K signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangxia Lan
- Department of Liver Disease Second District, QingDao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Liver Disease Seven Districts of Traditional Chinese Medicine, QingDao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, QingDao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, QingDao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Saisai Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, QingDao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
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19
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Sheng L, Zang S, Wang J, Wei T, Xu Y, Feng L. Overexpression of a Rosa rugosa Thunb. NUDX gene enhances biosynthesis of scent volatiles in petunia. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11098. [PMID: 33859875 PMCID: PMC8020868 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosa rugosa is an important natural perfume plant in China. Rose essential oil is known as ‘liquid gold’ and has high economic and health values. Monoterpenes are the main fragrant components of R. rugosa flower and essential oil. In this study, a member of the hydrolase gene family RrNUDX1 was cloned from Chinese traditional R. rugosa ‘Tang Hong’. Combined analysis of RrNUDX1 gene expression and the aroma components in different development stages and different parts of flower organ, we found that the main aroma component content was consistent with the gene expression pattern. The RrNUDX1 overexpressed Petunia hybrida was acquired via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation systems. The blades of the transgenic petunias became wider and its growth vigor became strong with stronger fragrance. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis showed that the contents of the main aroma components of the transgenic petunias including methyl benzoate significantly increased. These findings indicate that the RrNUDX1 gene plays a role in enhancing the fragrance of petunia flowers, and they could lay an important foundation for the homeotic transformation of RrNUDX1 in R. rugosa for cultivating new R. rugosa varieties of high-yield and -quality essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Sheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yanghzou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Zang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yanghzou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yanghzou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiantian Wei
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yanghzou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yanghzou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yanghzou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Chao MR, Evans MD, Hu CW, Ji Y, Møller P, Rossner P, Cooke MS. Biomarkers of nucleic acid oxidation - A summary state-of-the-art. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101872. [PMID: 33579665 PMCID: PMC8113048 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidatively generated damage to DNA has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Increasingly, interest is also focusing upon the effects of damage to the other nucleic acids, RNA and the (2′-deoxy-)ribonucleotide pools, and evidence is growing that these too may have an important role in disease. LC-MS/MS has the ability to provide absolute quantification of specific biomarkers, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyGuo (8-oxodG), in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and 8-oxoGuo in RNA. However, significant quantities of tissue are needed, limiting its use in human biomonitoring studies. In contrast, the comet assay requires much less material, and as little as 5 μL of blood may be used, offering a minimally invasive means of assessing oxidative stress in vivo, but this is restricted to nuclear DNA damage only. Urine is an ideal matrix in which to non-invasively study nucleic acid-derived biomarkers of oxidative stress, and considerable progress has been made towards robustly validating these measurements, not least through the efforts of the European Standards Committee on Urinary (DNA) Lesion Analysis. For urine, LC-MS/MS is considered the gold standard approach, and although there have been improvements to the ELISA methodology, this is largely limited to 8-oxodG. Emerging DNA adductomics approaches, which either comprehensively assess the totality of adducts in DNA, or map DNA damage across the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, offer the potential to considerably advance our understanding of the mechanistic role of oxidatively damaged nucleic acids in disease. Oxidatively damaged nucleic acids are implicated in the pathogenesis of disease. LC-MS/MS, comet assay and ELISA are often used to study oxidatively damaged DNA. Urinary oxidatively damaged nucleic acids non-invasively reflect oxidative stress. DNA adductomics will aid understanding the role of ROS damaged DNA in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Evans
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yunhee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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Yin Y, Chen F. Targeting human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) for cancer eradication: current progress and perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2259-2271. [PMID: 33354500 PMCID: PMC7745060 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since accelerated metabolism produces much higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells compared to ROS levels found in normal cells, human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1), which sanitizes oxidized nucleotide pools, was recently demonstrated to be crucial for the survival of cancer cells, but not required for the proliferation of normal cells. Therefore, dozens of MTH1 inhibitors have been developed with the aim of suppressing cancer growth by accumulating oxidative damage in cancer cells. While several inhibitors were indeed confirmed to be effective, some inhibitors failed to kill cancer cells, complicating MTH1 as a viable target for cancer eradication. In this review, we summarize the current status of developing MTH1 inhibitors as drug candidates, classify the MTH1 inhibitors based on their structures, and offer our perspectives toward the therapeutic potential against cancer through the targeting of MTH1.
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Key Words
- AI, 7-azaindole
- AID, 7-azaindazole
- AP, aminopyrimidine
- AQ, amidoquinolines
- AZ, 2-aminoquinazoline
- Anticancer
- CETSA, cellular thermal shift assay
- CR, cyclometalated ruthenium
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA repair
- F, fragment
- FP, farnesyl phenolic
- IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentrations
- Inhibitor
- MMR, DNA mismatch repair
- MTH1
- MTH1, human MutT homolog 1
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Oxidized nucleotide
- P, purinone
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PM, purinone macrocycle
- Pu, purine
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TLR7, Toll-like receptor 7
- TPP, thermal proteome profiling
- TS-FITGE, thermal stability shift-based fluorescence difference in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Yin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 21 65643811.
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22
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Nakase H. Optimizing the Use of Current Treatments and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches to Achieve Therapeutic Success in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gut Liver 2020; 14:7-19. [PMID: 30919602 PMCID: PMC6974326 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current goal of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment is a symptom-free everyday life accompanied by mucosal healing with minimal use of corticosteroids. Recent therapeutic advances, particularly, the emergence of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) antibodies, have changed the natural history of IBD. Additionally, these advances also led to the emergence of the therapeutic concept of the “treat to target” strategy. With the development of new drugs and clinical trials, not only biologics but also small molecules have been applied to clinical practice to better individualize and optimize therapy. However, if newer drugs, including anti-TNF therapies, are recommended for all patients diagnosed with IBD, a significant number of patients will be overtreated. The basic goal of IBD treatment is still to make the best use of conventional treatments based on IBD pathophysiology. Thus, physicians should be familiar with the modes of action of the available drugs. In this review, the author discusses the existing data for many approved drugs and provide insights for optimizing current treatments for the management of patients with IBD in the era of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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23
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Zhang X, Li L. The Significance of 8-oxoGsn in Aging-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1329-1338. [PMID: 33014540 PMCID: PMC7505272 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a common risk factor for the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, and cancer, among others, and is a key problem threatening the health and life expectancy of the elderly. Oxidative damage is an important mechanism involved in aging. The latest discovery pertaining to oxidative damage is that 8-oxoGsn (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine), an oxidative damage product of RNA, can represent the level of oxidative stress. The significance of RNA oxidative damage to aging has not been fully explained, but the relationship between the accumulation of 8-oxoGsn, a marker of RNA oxidative damage, and the occurrence of diseases has been confirmed in many aging-related diseases. Studying the aging mechanism, monitoring the aging level of the body and exploring the corresponding countermeasures are of great significance for achieving healthy aging and promoting public health and social development. This article reviews the progress of research on 8-oxoGsn in aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
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Development of a chemical probe against NUDT15. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1120-1128. [PMID: 32690945 PMCID: PMC7610571 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The NUDIX hydrolase NUDT15 was originally implicated in sanitizing oxidized nucleotides but was later shown to hydrolyze the active thiopurine metabolites, 6-thio-(d)GTP, thereby dictating the clinical response of this standard-of-care treatment for leukemia and inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, its physiological roles remain elusive. Here, we sought to develop the first small-molecule NUDT15 inhibitors to elucidate its biological functions, and potentially for improving NUDT15-dependent chemotherapeutics. Lead compound TH1760, demonstrated low-nanomolar biochemical potency through direct and specific binding into the NUDT15 catalytic pocket and engaged cellular NUDT15 in the low-micromolar range. We further employed thiopurine potentiation as a proxy functional read-out and demonstrated that TH1760 sensitized cells to 6-thioguanine through enhanced accumulation of 6-thio-(d)GTP in nucleic acids. A biochemically validated, inactive structural analog, TH7285, confirmed that increased thiopurine toxicity is via direct NUDT15 inhibition. In conclusion, TH1760 represents the first chemical probe for interrogating NUDT15 biology and potential therapeutic avenues.
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Das I, Gad H, Bräutigam L, Pudelko L, Tuominen R, Höiom V, Almlöf I, Rajagopal V, Hansson J, Helleday T, Egyházi Brage S, Warpman Berglund U. AXL and CAV-1 play a role for MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 sensitivity in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2081-2098. [PMID: 31919461 PMCID: PMC7308409 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer and clinically challenging due to its propensity to develop therapy resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce DNA damage and play a significant role in CMM. MTH1 protein protects from ROS damage and is often overexpressed in different cancer types including CMM. Herein, we report that MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 induced ROS levels, increased DNA damage responses, caused mitotic arrest and suppressed CMM proliferation leading to cell death both in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft CMM zebrafish disease model. TH1579 was more potent in abrogating cell proliferation and inducing cell death in a heterogeneous co-culture setting when compared with CMM standard treatments, vemurafenib or trametinib, showing its broad anticancer activity. Silencing MTH1 alone exhibited similar cytotoxic effects with concomitant induction of mitotic arrest and ROS induction culminating in cell death in most CMM cell lines tested, further emphasizing the importance of MTH1 in CMM cells. Furthermore, overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, previously demonstrated to contribute to BRAF inhibitor resistance, sensitized BRAF mutant and BRAF/NRAS wildtype CMM cells to TH1579. AXL overexpression culminated in increased ROS levels in CMM cells. Moreover, silencing of a protein that has shown opposing effects on cell proliferation, CAV-1, decreased sensitivity to TH1579 in a BRAF inhibitor resistant cell line. AXL-MTH1 and CAV-1-MTH1 mRNA expressions were correlated as seen in CMM clinical samples. Finally, TH1579 in combination with BRAF inhibitor exhibited a more potent cell killing effect in BRAF mutant cells both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we show that TH1579-mediated efficacy is independent of BRAF/NRAS mutational status but dependent on the expression of AXL and CAV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Das
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Pudelko
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Tuominen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Varshni Rajagopal
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hansson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Suzanne Egyházi Brage
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Current perspectives on the clinical implications of oxidative RNA damage in aging research: challenges and opportunities. GeroScience 2020; 43:487-505. [PMID: 32529593 PMCID: PMC8110629 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules can be easily attacked by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during normal cellular metabolism and under various oxidative stress conditions. Numerous findings report that the amount of cellular 8-oxoG, the most abundant RNA damage biomarker, is a promising target for the sensitive measurement of oxidative stress and aging-associated diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Most importantly, available data suggest that RNA oxidation has important implications for various signaling pathways and gene expression regulation in aging-related diseases, highlighting the necessity of using combinations of RNA oxidation adducts in both experimental studies and clinical trials. In this review, we primarily describe evidence for the effect of oxidative stress on RNA integrity modulation and possible quality control systems. Additionally, we discuss the profiles and clinical implications of RNA oxidation products that have been under intensive investigation in several aging-associated medical disorders.
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27
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Nakase H. Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease from the immunological perspective. Immunol Med 2020; 43:79-86. [DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1751934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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28
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Scaletti ER, Vallin KS, Bräutigam L, Sarno A, Warpman Berglund U, Helleday T, Stenmark P, Jemth AS. MutT homologue 1 (MTH1) removes N6-methyl-dATP from the dNTP pool. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4761-4772. [PMID: 32144205 PMCID: PMC7152754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MutT homologue 1 (MTH1) removes oxidized nucleotides from the nucleotide pool and thereby prevents their incorporation into the genome and thereby reduces genotoxicity. We previously reported that MTH1 is an efficient catalyst of O6-methyl-dGTP hydrolysis suggesting that MTH1 may also sanitize the nucleotide pool from other methylated nucleotides. We here show that MTH1 efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of N6-methyl-dATP to N6-methyl-dAMP and further report that N6-methylation of dATP drastically increases the MTH1 activity. We also observed MTH1 activity with N6-methyl-ATP, albeit at a lower level. We show that N6-methyl-dATP is incorporated into DNA in vivo, as indicated by increased N6-methyl-dA DNA levels in embryos developed from MTH1 knock-out zebrafish eggs microinjected with N6-methyl-dATP compared with noninjected embryos. N6-methyl-dATP activity is present in MTH1 homologues from distantly related vertebrates, suggesting evolutionary conservation and indicating that this activity is important. Of note, N6-methyl-dATP activity is unique to MTH1 among related NUDIX hydrolases. Moreover, we present the structure of N6-methyl-dAMP-bound human MTH1, revealing that the N6-methyl group is accommodated within a hydrophobic active-site subpocket explaining why N6-methyl-dATP is a good MTH1 substrate. N6-methylation of DNA and RNA has been reported to have epigenetic roles and to affect mRNA metabolism. We propose that MTH1 acts in concert with adenosine deaminase-like protein isoform 1 (ADAL1) to prevent incorporation of N6-methyl-(d)ATP into DNA and RNA. This would hinder potential dysregulation of epigenetic control and RNA metabolism via conversion of N6-methyl-(d)ATP to N6-methyl-(d)AMP, followed by ADAL1-catalyzed deamination producing (d)IMP that can enter the nucleotide salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rose Scaletti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Karl S Vallin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kapoor I, Varshney U. Diverse roles of nucleoside diphosphate kinase in genome stability and growth fitness. Curr Genet 2020; 66:671-682. [PMID: 32249353 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK), a ubiquitous enzyme, catalyses reversible transfer of the γ phosphate from nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates and functions to maintain the pools of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides in the cell. As even a minor imbalance in the nucleotide pools can be mutagenic, NDK plays an antimutator role in maintaining genome integrity. However, the mechanism of the antimutator roles of NDK is not completely understood. In addition, NDKs play important roles in the host-pathogen interactions, metastasis, gene regulation, and various cellular metabolic processes. To add to these diverse roles of NDK in cells, a recent study now reveals that NDK may even confer mutator phenotypes to the cell by acting on the damaged deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates that may be formed during the oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss the roles of NDK in homeostasis of the nucleotide pools and genome integrity, and its possible implications in conferring growth/survival fitness to the organisms in the changing environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Kapoor
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India. .,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, 560064, India.
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Massively parallel variant characterization identifies NUDT15 alleles associated with thiopurine toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5394-5401. [PMID: 32094176 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915680117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a prototype of genomics-guided precision medicine, individualized thiopurine dosing based on pharmacogenetics is a highly effective way to mitigate hematopoietic toxicity of this class of drugs. Recently, NUDT15 deficiency was identified as a genetic cause of thiopurine toxicity, and NUDT15-informed preemptive dose reduction was quickly adopted in clinical settings. To exhaustively identify pharmacogenetic variants in this gene, we developed massively parallel NUDT15 function assays to determine the variants' effect on protein abundance and thiopurine cytotoxicity. Of the 3,097 possible missense variants, we characterized the abundance of 2,922 variants and found 54 hotspot residues at which variants resulted in complete loss of protein stability. Analyzing 2,935 variants in the thiopurine cytotoxicity-based assay, we identified 17 additional residues where variants altered NUDT15 activity without affecting protein stability. We identified structural elements key to NUDT15 stability and/or catalytical activity with single amino acid resolution. Functional effects for NUDT15 variants accurately predicted toxicity risk alleles in patients treated with thiopurines with far superior sensitivity and specificity compared to bioinformatic prediction algorithms. In conclusion, our massively parallel variant function assays identified 1,152 deleterious NUDT15 variants, providing a comprehensive reference of variant function and vastly improving the ability to implement pharmacogenetics-guided thiopurine treatment individualization.
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31
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Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase Escalates A-to-C Mutations in MutT-Deficient Strains of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2019; 202:JB.00567-19. [PMID: 31591275 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00567-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical integrity of the nucleotide pool and its homeostasis are crucial for genome stability. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK) is a crucial enzyme that carries out reversible conversions from nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) to nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) and deoxynucleoside diphosphate (dNDP) to deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP). Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP. MutT proteins in cells hydrolyze 8-O-GTP to 8-O-GMP or 8-O-dGTP to 8-O-dGMP to avoid its incorporation in nucleic acids. In Escherichia coli, 8-O-dGTP is also known to be hydrolyzed by RibA (GTP cyclohydrolase II). In this study, we show that E. coli NDK catalyzes the conversion of 8-O-dGDP to 8-O-dGTP or vice versa. However, the rate of NDK-mediated phosphorylation of 8-O-dGDP to 8-O-dGTP is about thrice as efficient as the rate of dephosphorylation of 8-O-dGTP to 8-O-dGDP, suggesting an additive role of NDK in net production of 8-O-dGTP in cells. Consistent with this observation, the depletion of NDK (Δndk) in E. coli ΔmutT or ΔmutT ΔribA strains results in a decrease of A-to-C mutations. These observations suggest that NDK contributes to the physiological load of MutT in E. coli IMPORTANCE Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK), a ubiquitous enzyme, is known for its critical role in homeostasis of cellular nucleotide pools. However, NDK has now emerged as a molecule with pleiotropic effects in DNA repair, protein phosphorylation, gene expression, tumor metastasis, development, and pathogen virulence and persistence inside the host. In this study, we reveal an unexpected role of NDK in genome instability because of its activity in converting 8-O-dGDP to 8-O-dGTP. This observation has important consequences in escalating A-to-C mutations in Escherichia coli The severity of NDK in enhancing these mutations may be higher in the organisms challenged with high oxidative stress, which promotes 8-O-dGDP/8-O-dGTP production.
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Samaranayake GJ, Troccoli CI, Zhang L, Huynh M, Jayaraj CJ, Ji D, McPherson L, Onishi Y, Nguyen DM, Robbins DJ, Karbaschi M, Cooke MS, Barrientos A, Kool ET, Rai P. The Existence of MTH1-independent 8-oxodGTPase Activity in Cancer Cells as a Compensatory Mechanism against On-target Effects of MTH1 Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:432-446. [PMID: 31744893 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Investigations into the human 8-oxodGTPase, MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1), have risen sharply since the first-in-class MTH1 inhibitors were reported to be highly tumoricidal. However, MTH1 as a cancer therapeutic target is currently controversial because subsequently developed inhibitors did not exhibit similar cytotoxic effects. Here, we provide the first direct evidence for MTH1-independent 8-oxodGTPase function in human cancer cells and human tumors, using a novel ATP-releasing guanine-oxidized (ARGO) chemical probe. Our studies show that this functionally redundant 8-oxodGTPase activity is not decreased by five different published MTH1-targeting small molecules or by MTH1 depletion. Significantly, while only the two first-in-class inhibitors, TH588 and TH287, reduced cancer cell viability, all five inhibitors evaluated in our studies decreased 8-oxodGTPase activity to a similar extent. Thus, the reported efficacy of the first-in-class MTH1 inhibitors does not arise from their inhibition of MTH1-specific 8-oxodGTPase activity. Comparison of DNA strand breaks, genomic 8-oxoguanine incorporation, or alterations in cellular oxidative state by TH287 versus the noncytotoxic inhibitor, IACS-4759, contradict that the cytotoxicity of the former results solely from increased levels of oxidatively damaged genomic DNA. Thus, our findings indicate that mechanisms unrelated to oxidative stress or DNA damage likely underlie the reported efficacy of the first-in-class inhibitors. Our study suggests that MTH1 functional redundancy, existing to different extents in all cancer lines and human tumors evaluated in our study, is a thus far undefined factor which is likely to be critical in understanding the importance of MTH1 and its clinical targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindi J Samaranayake
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Clara I Troccoli
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mai Huynh
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | | | - Debin Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Lisa McPherson
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Yoshiyuki Onishi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Dao M Nguyen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - David J Robbins
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mahsa Karbaschi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Antonio Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
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Shcherbik N, Pestov DG. The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Ribosomes: From Injury to Regulation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111379. [PMID: 31684095 PMCID: PMC6912279 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribosome is a complex ribonucleoprotein-based molecular machine that orchestrates protein synthesis in the cell. Both ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins can be chemically modified by reactive oxygen species, which may alter the ribosome′s functions or cause a complete loss of functionality. The oxidative damage that ribosomes accumulate during their lifespan in a cell may lead to reduced or faulty translation and contribute to various pathologies. However, remarkably little is known about the biological consequences of oxidative damage to the ribosome. Here, we provide a concise summary of the known types of changes induced by reactive oxygen species in rRNA and ribosomal proteins and discuss the existing experimental evidence of how these modifications may affect ribosome dynamics and function. We emphasize the special role that redox-active transition metals, such as iron, play in ribosome homeostasis and stability. We also discuss the hypothesis that redox-mediated ribosome modifications may contribute to adaptive cellular responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Shcherbik
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Dimitri G Pestov
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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Ishii T, Sekiguchi M. Two ways of escaping from oxidative RNA damage: Selective degradation and cell death. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 81:102666. [PMID: 31326364 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during normal cellular metabolism, and various oxidized compounds are formed by the ROS attack. Among oxidized bases, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) is most abundant and seems important with respect to the maintenance and transfer of genetic information. The accumulation of 8-oxoG in messenger RNA may cause errors during codon-anticodon pairing in the translation process, which may result in the synthesis of abnormal proteins. Organisms that use oxygen as the source of energy production must therefore have some mechanisms to eliminate the deleterious effects of RNA oxidation. Recently, we found two protein factors, AUF1 and PCBP1, which each have a different binding capacity to oxidized RNA. Evidence demonstrated that AUF1 is involved in the specific degradation of oxidized RNA, and that PCBP1 has a function of inducing cell death to eliminate severely damaged RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Mutsuo Sekiguchi
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Abstract
7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanine (oxoG) is the most abundant oxidative DNA lesion with dual coding properties. It forms both Watson–Crick (anti)oxoG:(anti)C and Hoogsteen (syn)oxoG:(anti)A base pairs without a significant distortion of a B-DNA helix. DNA polymerases bypass oxoG but the accuracy of nucleotide incorporation opposite the lesion varies depending on the polymerase-specific interactions with the templating oxoG and incoming nucleotides. High-fidelity replicative DNA polymerases read oxoG as a cognate base for A while treating oxoG:C as a mismatch. The mutagenic effects of oxoG in the cell are alleviated by specific systems for DNA repair and nucleotide pool sanitization, preventing mutagenesis from both direct DNA oxidation and oxodGMP incorporation. DNA translesion synthesis could provide an additional protective mechanism against oxoG mutagenesis in cells. Several human DNA polymerases of the X- and Y-families efficiently and accurately incorporate nucleotides opposite oxoG. In this review, we address the mutagenic potential of oxoG in cells and discuss the structural basis for oxoG bypass by different DNA polymerases and the mechanisms of the recognition of oxoG by DNA glycosylases and dNTP hydrolases.
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[Significance of NUDT15 gene in individualized treatment with 6-mercaptopurine in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21. [PMID: 30675872 PMCID: PMC7390182 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As an important drug during maintenance treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) has several side effects, including hepatotoxicity and bone marrow suppression. Since its tolerability varies from person to person, 6-MP treatment should be individualized. The deficiency of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) enzyme activity is associated with 6-MP intolerance. There is a lower frequency of mutation in TPMT alleles among Asian patients. Recent studies have shown that in ALL patients with NUDT15 gene mutation, the maximum tolerated dose of 6-MP is lower than the conventional dose. The article reviews the significance of NUDT15 gene in individualized treatment with 6-MP in children with ALL.
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Man P, Fábry M, Sieglová I, Kavan D, Novák P, Hnízda A. Thiopurine intolerance-causing mutations in NUDT15 induce temperature-dependent destabilization of the catalytic site. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:376-381. [PMID: 30639426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations in NUDT15 cause thiopurine intolerance during treatment of leukemia or autoimmune diseases. Previously, it has been shown that the mutations affect the enzymatic activity of the NUDT15 hydrolase due to decreased protein stability in vivo. Here we provide structural insights into protein destabilization in R139C and V18I mutants using thermolysin-based proteolysis and H/D exchange followed by mass spectrometry. Both mutants exhibited destabilization of the catalytic site, which was more pronounced at higher temperature. This structural perturbation is shared by the mutations despite their different positions within the protein structure. Reaction products of NUDT15 reverted these conformational abnormalities, demonstrating the importance of ligands for stabilization of a native state of the mutants. This study shows the action of pharmacogenetic variants in NUDT15 in a context of protein structure, which might open novel directions in personalized chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Man
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Fábry
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Sieglová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kavan
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hnízda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic.
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Liu Y, Meng Y, Wang L, Liu Z, Li J, Dong W. Associations between the NUDT15 R139C polymorphism and susceptibility to thiopurine-induced leukopenia in Asians: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8309-8317. [PMID: 30538500 PMCID: PMC6260175 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s177007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Despite several studies being conducted to examine the associations between the NUDT15 R139C polymorphism and thiopurine-induced leukopenia in the Asian population, the results remain inconsistent. This meta-analysis determined the risk of thiopurine-induced leukopenia conferred by the NUDT15 R139C polymorphism. Materials and methods All eligible studies published in English up to May 2018 were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Pooled OR and 95% CI were calculated using fixed- or random-effect model. Results In all, total of 14 studies containing 918 patients and 2,341 controls were included; of these, 8 studies concerned inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 4 concerned acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Overall, the results indicated that the NUDT15 R139C polymorphism was associated with leukopenia induced by thiopurines (OR =9.04, 95% CI 6.05–13.50, P<0.001 for the dominant model; OR =24.26, 95% CI 11.38–51.71, P<0.001 for the recessive model; OR =7.60, 95% CI 4.97–11.61, P<0.001 for the CT vs TT model; OR =38.47, 95% CI 17.78–83.24, P<0.001 for the CC vs TT model). In subgroup analyses, significant associations were found among patients with IBD (OR =7.57, 95% CI 5.16–11.12, P<0.001 for the dominant model), ALL (OR =13.13, 95% CI 3.43–50.23 P<0.001 for the dominant model), and other diseases (OR =31.22, 95% CI 1.20–814.07, P=0.04 for the dominant model). In addition, the R139C variant was strongly associated with early (<8 weeks) (OR =15.53, 95% CI 7.91–30.50, P<0.001 for the dominant model) and late leukopenia (≥8 weeks) (OR =2.92, 95% CI 2.01–4.24, P<0.001 for the dominant model). Moreover, these findings were sufficiently robust when studies without Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test were excluded. Conclusion This meta-analysis verified the strong association between the NUDT15 R139C polymorphism and thiopurine-induced leukopenia (both early and late leukopenia) in an Asian population with IBD, ALL, and other diseases. NUDT15 R139C genotyping should be prioritized to predict leukopenia among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
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Sherlock ME, Sadeeshkumar H, Breaker RR. Variant Bacterial Riboswitches Associated with Nucleotide Hydrolase Genes Sense Nucleoside Diphosphates. Biochemistry 2018; 58:401-410. [PMID: 30081631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ykkC RNA motif was a long-standing orphan riboswitch candidate that has recently been proposed to encompass at least five distinct bacterial riboswitch classes. Most ykkC RNAs belong to the subtype 1 group, which are guanidine-I riboswitches that regulate the expression of guanidine-specific carboxylase and transporter proteins. The remaining ykkC RNAs have been organized into at least four major categories called subtypes 2a-2d. Subtype 2a RNAs are riboswitches that sense the bacterial alarmone ppGpp and typically regulate amino acid biosynthesis genes. Subtype 2b riboswitches sense the purine biosynthetic intermediate PRPP and frequently partner with guanine riboswitches to regulate purine biosynthesis genes. In this study, we examined ykkC subtype 2c RNAs, which are found upstream of genes encoding hydrolase enzymes that cleave the phosphoanhydride linkages of nucleotide substrates. Subtype 2c representatives mostly recognize adenosine and cytidine 5'-diphosphate molecules in either their ribose or deoxyribose forms (ADP, dADP, CDP, and dCDP). Other nucleotide-containing compounds, especially nucleoside 5'-triphosphates, are strongly rejected by some members of this putative riboswitch class. High ligand concentrations in vivo are predicted to turn on expression of hydrolase enzymes, which presumably function to balance cellular nucleotide pools. These results further showcase the striking functional diversity derived from the structural scaffold shared among all ykkC motif RNAs, which has been adapted to sense at least five different types of natural ligands. Moreover, riboswitches for nucleoside diphosphates provide additional examples of the numerous partnerships observed between natural RNA aptamers and nucleotide-derived ligands, including metabolites, coenzymes, and signaling molecules.
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Kimura Y, Yamamoto Y, Kajimoto S, Sakai A, Takegawa K. Substrate specificity of Nudix hydrolases from Myxococcus xanthus. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2018; 64:94-98. [PMID: 29367493 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University
| | - Yuuka Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University
| | - Sayaka Kajimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University
| | - Ai Sakai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University
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Zhou H, Li L, Yang P, Yang L, Zheng JE, Zhou Y, Han Y. Optimal predictor for 6-mercaptopurine intolerance in Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: NUDT15, TPMT, or ITPA genetic variants? BMC Cancer 2018; 18:516. [PMID: 29720126 PMCID: PMC5932771 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) contributes substantially to remarkable improvement in the survival of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. However, 6-MP also has dose-limiting toxicities, particularly life-threatening myelosuppression, due to genetic polymorphisms in enzymes that metabolize 6-MP. Promising biomarkers for predicting 6-MP-induced leukopenia is still unclear in Chinese population. Here, we evaluated the associations of NUDT15, TPMT and ITPA genotypes with 6-MP intolerance in our cohort of childhood ALL patients. Methods A total of 105 Chinese pediatric patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ALL were enrolled. We identified the NUDT15 coding variant rs116855232 (c.415C > T), a newly discovered 6-MP toxicity-related locus in Asians, and polymorphisms in TPMT rs1142345 and ITPA rs11273540. Associations between genotypes and 6-MP dose sensitivity, leukopenia, hepatotoxicity, and therapy interruption were evaluated. Results The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of NUDT15 rs116855232, TPMT rs1142345 and ITPA rs11273540 were 15.7, 2.9, and 18.1%, respectively. NUDT15 and TPMT genetic variants were strongly associated with 6-MP dose intensity. Patients with NUDT15 homogenous genotype (TT) were highly sensitive to 6-MP (dose intensity of 60.27%) compared to these with heterozygous genotype (TC) or wild type (CC), who tolerated an average dose intensity of 83.83 and 94.24%, respectively. The NUDT15 variant was a predictor for leukopenia (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 1.377–9.501, P = 0.009) and early-onset leukopenia (OR: 9.63, 95% CI 2.764–33.514, P = 3.75 × 10− 4). No differences were found between 6-MP dose intensity and ITPA polymorphisms. Conclusion NUDT15 variant is an optimal predictor for 6-MP intolerance in Chinese pediatric ALL patients and may have greatly clinical implications for individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jie Fang Road, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Jin E Zheng
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jie Fang Road, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jie Fang Road, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Transcriptional mutagenesis mediated by 8-oxoG induces translational errors in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4218-4222. [PMID: 29610342 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718363115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species formed within the mammalian cell can produce 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) in mRNA, which can cause base mispairing during gene expression. Here we found that administration of 8-oxoGTP in MTH1-knockdown cells results in increased 8-oxoG content in mRNA. Under this condition, an amber mutation of the reporter luciferase is suppressed. Using second-generation sequencing techniques, we found that U-to-G changes at preassigned sites of the luciferase transcript increased when 8-oxoGTP was supplied. In addition, an increased level of 8-oxoG content in RNA induced the accumulation of aggregable amyloid β peptides in cells expressing amyloid precursor protein. Our findings indicate that 8-oxoG accumulation in mRNA can alter protein synthesis in mammalian cells. Further work is required to assess the significance of these findings under normal physiological conditions.
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Preclinical evaluation of NUDT15-guided thiopurine therapy and its effects on toxicity and antileukemic efficacy. Blood 2018; 131:2466-2474. [PMID: 29572377 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-815506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiopurines (eg, 6-mercaptopurine [MP]) are highly efficacious antileukemic agents, but they are also associated with dose-limiting toxicities. Recent studies by us and others have identified inherited NUDT15 deficiency as a novel genetic cause of thiopurine toxicity, and there is a strong rationale for NUDT15-guided dose individualization to preemptively mitigate adverse effects of these drugs. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we established a Nudt15-/- mouse model to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy in vivo. Across MP dosages, Nudt15-/- mice experienced severe leukopenia, rapid weight loss, earlier death resulting from toxicity, and more bone marrow hypocellularity compared with wild-type mice. Nudt15-/- mice also showed excessive accumulation of a thiopurine active metabolite (ie, DNA-incorporated thioguanine nucleotides [DNA-TG]) in an MP dose-dependent fashion, as a plausible cause of increased toxicity. MP dose reduction effectively normalized systemic exposure to DNA-TG in Nudt15-/- mice and largely eliminated Nudt15 deficiency-mediated toxicity. In 95 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, MP dose adjustment also directly led to alteration in DNA-TG levels, the effects of which were proportional to the degree of NUDT15 deficiency. Using leukemia-bearing mice with concordant Nudt15 genotype in leukemia and host, we also confirmed that therapeutic efficacy was preserved in Nudt15-/- mice receiving a reduced MP dose compared with Nudt15+/+ counterparts exposed to a standard dose. In conclusion, we demonstrated that NUDT15 genotype-guided MP dose individualization can preemptively mitigate toxicity without compromising therapeutic efficacy.
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Hashiguchi K, Hayashi M, Sekiguchi M, Umezu K. The roles of human MTH1, MTH2 and MTH3 proteins in maintaining genome stability under oxidative stress. Mutat Res 2018; 808:10-19. [PMID: 29482072 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of nucleotides containing 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) is important in the maintenance of genome stability. Human cells possess three types of proteins, MTH1 (NUDT1), MTH2 (NUDT15) and MTH3 (NUDT18), which have the potential to hydrolyze deoxyribonucleoside di- and triphosphates containing 8-oxoG to the monophosphate, the form of which is unusable for DNA synthesis. To elucidate the physiological roles of these enzymes, we constructed single knockout (KO) cell lines for each of the MTH1, MTH2 and MTH3 genes and MTH1 and MTH2-double KO cell lines from the human HeLa S3 line using CRISPR/Cas9. With the exception of MTH3-KO, all of the KO cell lines showed similar proliferation rates to the parental line, HeLa S3, indicating that the MTH1 and MTH2 functions are dispensable for cell growth. On the other hand, the MTH3-KO cells showed a significantly slower growth rate, suggesting that MTH3 has a definite role in cell growth in addition to the cleavage of 8-oxoG-containing deoxyribonucleotide. MTH1-KO, MTH2-KO and MTH1- MTH2-KO cells exhibited increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, whereas MTH3-KO did not. MTH1-KO cells showed only a slight increase in mutant frequency in comparison to the parental HeLa S3 line. The overproduction of MTH1 and MTH2 suppressed the mutator phenotype of mutT-deficient E. coli cells, whereas the overproduction of MTH3 did not show such a suppressive effect. Our findings suggest that both MTH1 and MTH2 are involved in the maintaining genome stability in human cells against oxidative stress, while MTH3 may play some other role(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Hashiguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan; Frontier Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Michio Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Sekiguchi
- Frontier Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Keiko Umezu
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
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Targeted NUDT5 inhibitors block hormone signaling in breast cancer cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:250. [PMID: 29343827 PMCID: PMC5772648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
With a diverse network of substrates, NUDIX hydrolases have emerged as a key family of nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes. NUDT5 (also called NUDIX5) has been implicated in ADP-ribose and 8-oxo-guanine metabolism and was recently identified as a rheostat of hormone-dependent gene regulation and proliferation in breast cancer cells. Here, we further elucidate the physiological relevance of known NUDT5 substrates and underscore the biological requirement for NUDT5 in gene regulation and proliferation of breast cancer cells. We confirm the involvement of NUDT5 in ADP-ribose metabolism and dissociate a relationship to oxidized nucleotide sanitation. Furthermore, we identify potent NUDT5 inhibitors, which are optimized to promote maximal NUDT5 cellular target engagement by CETSA. Lead compound, TH5427, blocks progestin-dependent, PAR-derived nuclear ATP synthesis and subsequent chromatin remodeling, gene regulation and proliferation in breast cancer cells. We herein present TH5427 as a promising, targeted inhibitor that can be used to further study NUDT5 activity and ADP-ribose metabolism.
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Carreras-Puigvert J, Zitnik M, Jemth AS, Carter M, Unterlass JE, Hallström B, Loseva O, Karem Z, Calderón-Montaño JM, Lindskog C, Edqvist PH, Matuszewski DJ, Ait Blal H, Berntsson RPA, Häggblad M, Martens U, Studham M, Lundgren B, Wählby C, Sonnhammer ELL, Lundberg E, Stenmark P, Zupan B, Helleday T. A comprehensive structural, biochemical and biological profiling of the human NUDIX hydrolase family. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1541. [PMID: 29142246 PMCID: PMC5688067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The NUDIX enzymes are involved in cellular metabolism and homeostasis, as well as mRNA processing. Although highly conserved throughout all organisms, their biological roles and biochemical redundancies remain largely unclear. To address this, we globally resolve their individual properties and inter-relationships. We purify 18 of the human NUDIX proteins and screen 52 substrates, providing a substrate redundancy map. Using crystal structures, we generate sequence alignment analyses revealing four major structural classes. To a certain extent, their substrate preference redundancies correlate with structural classes, thus linking structure and activity relationships. To elucidate interdependence among the NUDIX hydrolases, we pairwise deplete them generating an epistatic interaction map, evaluate cell cycle perturbations upon knockdown in normal and cancer cells, and analyse their protein and mRNA expression in normal and cancer tissues. Using a novel FUSION algorithm, we integrate all data creating a comprehensive NUDIX enzyme profile map, which will prove fundamental to understanding their biological functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Carreras-Puigvert
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden.
| | - Marinka Zitnik
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Megan Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith E Unterlass
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Björn Hallström
- Cell Profiling-Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Olga Loseva
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Zhir Karem
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - José Manuel Calderón-Montaño
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Henrik Edqvist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Damian J Matuszewski
- Centre for Image Analysis and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 05, Sweden
| | - Hammou Ait Blal
- Cell Profiling-Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Ronnie P A Berntsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Häggblad
- Biochemical and Cellular Screening Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Ulf Martens
- Biochemical and Cellular Screening Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Matthew Studham
- Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundgren
- Biochemical and Cellular Screening Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Carolina Wählby
- Centre for Image Analysis and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 05, Sweden
| | - Erik L L Sonnhammer
- Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Emma Lundberg
- Cell Profiling-Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Blaz Zupan
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden.
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MutT-related proteins are novel progression and prognostic markers for colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105714-105726. [PMID: 29285286 PMCID: PMC5739673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MutT-related proteins, including MTH1, MTH2, MTH3 and NUDT5, can effectively degrade 8-oxoGua-containing nucleotides. The MTH1 expression is elevated in many types of human tumors and MTH1 overexpression correlates with the tumor pathological stage and poor prognosis. However, the expression of other MutT-related proteins in human cancers remains unknown. The present study systematically investigated the expression of MTH1, MTH2, MTH3 and NUDT5 in human colorectal cancer to establish its clinical significance. Methods Amounts of MutT-related mRNA and protein in CRC cell lines were assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, the MutT-related protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays containing 87 paired CRC tissues and by Western blotting of 44 CRC tissue samples. Finally, the effect of knockdown of MutT-related proteins on CRC cell proliferation was investigated. Results The expression of MTH1, MTH2, MTH3 and NUDT5 was significantly higher in CRC cells and CRC tissues than normal cells and tissues, and this phenomenon was significantly associated with AJCC stage and lymph node metastasis of CRC specimens. CRC patients with high expression of MTH1, MTH2 or NUDT5 had an extremely poor overall survival after surgical resection. Notably, NUDT5 was an independent prognostic factor of CRC patients. We found that knockdown of MutT-related proteins inhibited CRC cell proliferation. Conclusions We showed for the first time that MutT-related proteins play an important role in CRC progression and prognosis. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the role of these proteins in CRC progression and their potential use for therapeutic targets.
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Singh M, Bhatia P, Khera S, Trehan A. Emerging role of NUDT15 polymorphisms in 6-mercaptopurine metabolism and dose related toxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leuk Res 2017; 62:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Yi ES, Choi YB, Choi R, Lee NH, Lee JW, Yoo KH, Sung KW, Lee SY, Koo HH. NUDT15 Variants Cause Hematopoietic Toxicity with Low 6-TGN Levels in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Res Treat 2017; 50:872-882. [PMID: 28903549 PMCID: PMC6056957 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to identify the impact of NUDT15 variants on thiopurine intolerance and 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) levels in Korean children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Materials and Methods Genotyping of NUDT15 was tested in 258 patients with ALL registered at Samsung Medical Center. Patients were classified into normal-activity (wild-type), intermediate-activity (heterozygous variant), and low-activity groups (homozygous or compound heterozygous variant). Clinical and laboratory features during the first year of maintenance therapy were investigated. Results A total of 182 patients were included in the final analysis. There were five (2.7%), 46 (25.3%), and 131 (72.0%) patients in low-, intermediate-, and normal-activity groups, respectively. The lowest 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) dose (mg/m2/day) was administered to the low-activity group (low-activity group 7.5 vs. intermediate-activity group 24.4 vs. normalactivity group 31.1, p < 0.01) from three months to a year after beginning maintenance therapy. The low-activity group experienced the longest duration of therapy interruption during the first year (low-activity group 169 days vs. intermediate-activity group 30 days vs. normal-activity group 16 days, p < 0.01). They also showed the lowest blood cell counts and had a longer duration of leukopenia (low-activity group 131 days vs. intermediate-activity group 92 days vs. normal-activity group 59 days, p < 0.01). 6-TGN level and its ratio to 6-MP dose were lowest in the low-activity group. Conclusion NUDT15 variants cause hematopoietic toxicity with low 6-TGN levels. NUDT15 genotyping should be conducted before administering thiopurine, and dose adjustments require caution regardless of 6-TGN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sang Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bae Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rihwa Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Woong Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Youn Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Hoe Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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