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Subedi R, Rokade S, Surve S, Patil A, Kulkarni V, Gajbhiye RK, Madan T. Dysregulated serum and seminal plasma levels of surfactant protein D and MCP-1 in men with genital tract infection/inflammation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13588. [PMID: 35771685 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a multimeric collectin expressed by testicular mucosal epithelia and is positively regulated by testosterone. It exerts antimicrobial effects, modulates inflammation and rescued spermatogenesis in a murine model. Various cytokines and chemokines, including MCP-1, play a key role in regulating the inflammation in rat and human testis. The study aimed to investigate the role of SP-D and involvement of chemokines and cytokines in the male infertility associated with urogenital infections or inflammation. METHOD OF STUDY The cross-sectional study evaluated levels of SP-D, testosterone, estradiol and the cytokines/chemokines including MCP-1 in the serum and semen samples of fertile and infertile Indian men with and without urogenital infections/inflammation (n = 76). RESULTS Both fertile and infertile males with urogenital infection/inflammation had significantly lower levels of SP-D and higher levels of the chemokine, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in the serum and seminal plasma. Seminal plasma of these males exhibited significantly higher proportion of proteolytically degraded forms of SP-D. The serum SP-D levels positively correlated with testosterone/estradiol (TE) ratio. There was no significant correlation between the SP-D levels in seminal plasma and sperm count/motility. With a significant area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves, the serum and seminal plasma SP-D levels exhibited significant potential to predict infertility with high sensitivity and specificity in men with genital infections/inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The circulating and seminal plasma SP-D levels were decreased in men with urogenital infection and inflammation. This could be due to their engagement at the site of infection, dysregulated expression owing to the altered hormonal profile and increased proteolytic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rambhadur Subedi
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushama Rokade
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Suchitra Surve
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Anushree Patil
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay Kulkarni
- Andrology Clinic, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul K Gajbhiye
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India.,Andrology Clinic, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
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2
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Watson A, Madsen J, Clark HW. SP-A and SP-D: Dual Functioning Immune Molecules With Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Properties. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622598. [PMID: 33542724 PMCID: PMC7851053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are soluble innate immune molecules which maintain lung homeostasis through their dual roles as anti-infectious and immunomodulatory agents. SP-A and SP-D bind numerous viruses including influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), enhancing their clearance from mucosal points of entry and modulating the inflammatory response. They also have diverse roles in mediating innate and adaptive cell functions and in clearing apoptotic cells, allergens and other noxious particles. Here, we review how the properties of these first line defense molecules modulate inflammatory responses, as well as host-mediated immunopathology in response to viral infections. Since SP-A and SP-D are known to offer protection from viral and other infections, if their levels are decreased in some disease states as they are in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this may confer an increased risk of viral infection and exacerbations of disease. Recombinant molecules of SP-A and SP-D could be useful in both blocking respiratory viral infection while also modulating the immune system to prevent excessive inflammatory responses seen in, for example, RSV or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recombinant SP-A and SP-D could have therapeutic potential in neutralizing both current and future strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus as well as modulating the inflammation-mediated pathology associated with COVID-19. A recombinant fragment of human (rfh)SP-D has recently been shown to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Further work investigating the potential therapeutic role of SP-A and SP-D in COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Madsen
- Neonatology, EGA Institute for Women’s Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Howard William Clark
- Neonatology, EGA Institute for Women’s Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital (UCLH), University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Yuan H, Gao Z, Lu X, Hu F. Role of collectin-11 in innate defence against uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection. Innate Immun 2020; 27:50-60. [PMID: 33241978 PMCID: PMC7780352 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920974766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical collectins (surfactant protein A and D) play a significant role in innate immunity and host defence in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-induced urinary tract infection (UTI). However, the functions of collectin-11 (CL-11) with respect to UPEC and UTI remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CL-11 on UPEC and its role in UTI. We further examined its modulatory effect on inflammatory reactions in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). The present study provides evidence for the effect of CL-11 on the growth, agglutination, binding, epithelial adhesion and invasion of UPEC. We found increased basal levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and human cytokine homologue (keratinocyte-derived chemokine) expression in CL-11 knockdown PTECs. Furthermore, signal regulatory protein α blockade reversed the increased basal levels of inflammation associated with CL-11 knockdown in PTECs. Additionally, CL-11 knockdown effectively inhibited UPEC-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and cytokine production in PTECs. These were further inhibited by CD91 blockade. We conclude that CL-11 functions as a mediator of innate immunity via direct antibacterial roles as well as dual modulatory roles in UPEC-induced inflammatory responses during UTI. Thus, the study findings suggest a possible function for CL-11 in defence against UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, 74731Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of 118302Hubei University of Arts and Science, PR China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Department of Nephrology, 74731Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of 118302Hubei University of Arts and Science, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, 74731Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of 118302Hubei University of Arts and Science, PR China
| | - Fengqi Hu
- Department of Nephrology, 74731Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of 118302Hubei University of Arts and Science, PR China
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Madan T, Kishore U. Surfactant Protein D Recognizes Multiple Fungal Ligands: A Key Step to Initiate and Intensify the Anti-fungal Host Defense. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:229. [PMID: 32547959 PMCID: PMC7272678 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With limited therapeutic options and associated severe adverse effects, fungal infections are a serious threat to human health. Innate immune response mediated by pattern recognition proteins is integral to host defense against fungi. A soluble pattern recognition protein, Surfactant protein D (SP-D), plays an important role in immune surveillance to detect and eliminate human pathogens. SP-D exerts its immunomodulatory activity via direct interaction with several receptors on the epithelial cells lining the mucosal tracts, as well as on innate and adaptive immune cells. Being a C-type lectin, SP-D shows calcium- and sugar-dependent interactions with several glycosylated ligands present on fungal cell walls. The interactome includes cell wall polysaccharides such as 1,3-β-D-glucan, 1,6-β-D-glucan, Galactosaminogalactan Galactomannan, Glucuronoxylomannan, Mannoprotein 1, and glycosylated proteins such as gp45, gp55, major surface glycoprotein complex (gpA). Recently, binding of a recombinant fragment of human SP-D to melanin on the dormant conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus was demonstrated that was not inhibited by sugars, suggesting a likely protein-protein interaction. Interactions of the ligands on the fungal spores with the oligomeric forms of full-length SP-D resulted in formation of spore-aggregates, increased uptake by phagocytes and rapid clearance besides a direct fungicidal effect against C. albicans. Exogenous administration of SP-D showed significant therapeutic potential in murine models of allergic and invasive mycoses. Altered susceptibility of SP-D gene-deficient mice to various fungal infections emphasized relevance of SP-D as an important sentinel of anti-fungal immunity. Levels of SP-D in the serum or lung lavage were significantly altered in the murine models and patients of fungal infections and allergies. Here, we review the cell wall ligands of clinically relevant fungal pathogens and allergens that are recognized by SP-D and their impact on the host defense. Elucidation of the molecular interactions between innate immune humoral such as SP-D and fungal pathogens would facilitate the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Babu Munipalli S, Yenugu S. Uroplakin expression in the male reproductive tract of rat. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 281:153-163. [PMID: 31181195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Uroplakins (UPKs) play an important role in the normal and pathophysiology of the urothelium. They protect the urothelium and play a crucial role during urothelial infections by Uropathogenic E. coli. However, their functions beyond this organ system remain unexplored. A wide variety of proteins secreted in the male reproductive tract tissues contribute to spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, fertilization and innate immunity. However, the presence of UPKs and their possible contribution to the male reproductive tract physiology is not yet reported. Hence, in this study, we characterized UPKs in the male reproductive tract of rats. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we report the expression of UPKs in the male reproductive system. Upk1a, Upk1b, Upk2 and Upk3b mRNA and their corresponding proteins were abundantly expressed in the caput, cauda, testis, seminal vesicles and the prostate. Their expression was not developmentally regulated. UPK protein expression was also localized on the spermatozoa, suggesting a role for these proteins in sperm function. To study the role of UPKs in innate immunity, Upk mRNA expression in response to endotoxin challenge was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In the rat testicular and epididymal cell lines, Upk mRNA levels increased in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge. However, in the caput, cauda, testes, seminal vesicle and prostate obtained from LPS treated rats, Upk mRNA expression was significantly reduced. Results of this study indicate a role for UPKs in male reproductive physiology and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Du J, Abdel-Razek O, Shi Q, Hu F, Ding G, Cooney RN, Wang G. Surfactant protein D attenuates acute lung and kidney injuries in pneumonia-induced sepsis through modulating apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15393. [PMID: 30337682 PMCID: PMC6193952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia and sepsis are major risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients with pneumonia and AKI are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) expressed in lung and kidney plays important roles in innate immunity. However, little is known about the role of organ-specific SP-D in the sepsis. The current study uses wild type (WT), SP-D knockout (KO), and humanized SP-D transgenic (hTG, lung-specific SP-D expression) mice to study organ-specific role of SP-D in pneumonia-induced sepsis. Analyses demonstrated differential lung and kidney injury among three-type mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After infection, KO mice showed higher injurious scores in both lung and kidney, and decreased renal function than WT and hTG mice. hTG mice exhibited comparable lung injury but more severe kidney injury compared to WT mice. Increased renal tubular apoptosis, NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokines in the kidney of KO mice were found when compared with WT and hTG mice. Furthermore, in vitro primary proximal tubular epithelial cells from KO mice showed more apoptosis with higher level of activated caspase-3 than those from WT mice after LPS treatment. Collectively, SP-D attenuates AKI in the sepsis by modulating renal apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Osama Abdel-Razek
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Qiao Shi
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Fengqi Hu
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Guohua Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.
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8
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Sorensen GL. Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 29473039 PMCID: PMC5809447 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a multimeric collectin that is involved in innate immune defense and expressed in pulmonary, as well as non-pulmonary, epithelia. SP-D exerts antimicrobial effects and dampens inflammation through direct microbial interactions and modulation of host cell responses via a series of cellular receptors. However, low protein concentrations, genetic variation, biochemical modification, and proteolytic breakdown can induce decomposition of multimeric SP-D into low-molecular weight forms, which may induce pro-inflammatory SP-D signaling. Multimeric SP-D can decompose into trimeric SP-D, and this process, and total SP-D levels, are partly determined by variation within the SP-D gene, SFTPD. SP-D has been implicated in the development of respiratory diseases including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, allergic asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Disease-induced breakdown or modifications of SP-D facilitate its systemic leakage from the lung, and circulatory SP-D is a promising biomarker for lung injury. Moreover, studies in preclinical animal models have demonstrated that local pulmonary treatment with recombinant SP-D is beneficial in these diseases. In recent years, SP-D has been shown to exert antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in various non-pulmonary organs and to have effects on lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory effects in vessel walls, which enhance the risk of atherosclerosis. A common SFTPD polymorphism is associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes, and SP-D has been associated with metabolic disorders because of its effects in the endothelium and adipocytes and its obesity-dampening properties. This review summarizes and discusses the reported genetic associations of SP-D with disease and the clinical utility of circulating SP-D for respiratory disease prognosis. Moreover, basic research on the mechanistic links between SP-D and respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases is summarized. Perspectives on the development of SP-D therapy are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grith L Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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9
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Collectins in urinary tract and kidney diseases. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 50:695-703. [PMID: 29071557 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system serves as the frontline defense against invading pathogens and initiates an inflammatory response to microorganisms. Collectins are C-type lectins that are structurally characterized by a collagen-like sequence and a carbohydrate recognition domain. Moreover, they are widely expressed throughout the body and are involved in the innate immunity against a variety of pathogens, regulating inflammation, and protecting the lungs from pathogens. Recently, two classical collectins, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D), as well as novel collectin 11, were found present in urinary tract tissues. They are increasingly recognized as key players in activating the humoral arm of innate immunity and host defense in urinary tract and kidney diseases, although their biological features, functions, and mechanisms in this regard remain largely unclear. In this review, we aim to integrate results reported by ourselves and others to summarize and gain a better understanding of the functions of collectins (SP-A, SP-D, and collectin 11) in urinary tract and kidney diseases.
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10
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Abstract
Within the mammalian urinary tract uropathogenic bacteria face many challenges, including the shearing flow of urine, numerous antibacterial molecules, the bactericidal effects of phagocytes, and a scarcity of nutrients. These problems may be circumvented in part by the ability of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and several other uropathogens to invade the epithelial cells that line the urinary tract. By entering host cells, uropathogens can gain access to additional nutrients and protection from both host defenses and antibiotic treatments. Translocation through host cells can facilitate bacterial dissemination within the urinary tract, while the establishment of stable intracellular bacterial populations may create reservoirs for relapsing and chronic urinary tract infections. Here we review the mechanisms and consequences of host cell invasion by uropathogenic bacteria, with consideration of the defenses that are brought to bear against facultative intracellular pathogens within the urinary tract. The relevance of host cell invasion to the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections in human patients is also assessed, along with some of the emerging treatment options that build upon our growing understanding of the infectious life cycle of uropathogenic E. coli and other uropathogens.
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11
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N-glycans of growth factor receptors: their role in receptor function and disease implications. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1781-92. [PMID: 27612953 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous signal-transduction-related molecules are secreted proteins or membrane proteins, and the mechanism by which these molecules are regulated by glycan chains is a very important issue for developing an understanding of the cellular events that transpire. This review covers the functional regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB3 and the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor by N-glycans. This review shows that the N-glycans play important roles in regulating protein conformation and interactions with carbohydrate recognition molecules. These results point to the possibility of a novel strategy for controlling cell signalling and developing novel glycan-based therapeutics.
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Hashimoto J, Takahashi M, Saito A, Murata M, Kurimura Y, Nishitani C, Takamiya R, Uehara Y, Hasegawa Y, Hiyama Y, Sawada N, Takahashi S, Masumori N, Kuroki Y, Ariki S. Surfactant Protein A Inhibits Growth and Adherence of UropathogenicEscherichia coliTo Protect the Bladder from Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2898-2905. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Ujma S, Horsnell WGC, Katz AA, Clark HW, Schäfer G. Non-Pulmonary Immune Functions of Surfactant Proteins A and D. J Innate Immun 2016; 9:3-11. [PMID: 27794581 DOI: 10.1159/000451026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are established as essential components of our innate immune system for protecting the lung from pathogens and allergens. They essentially exert their protective functions by regulating pulmonary homeostasis. Both proteins are however widely expressed throughout the body, including the female reproductive tract, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, the eye, ear, nasal compartment, central nervous system, the coronary artery and the skin. The functions of SP-A and SP-D at these sites are a relatively underinvestigated area, but it is emerging that both SP-A and SP-D contribute significantly to the regulation of inflammation and protection from infection at these sites. This review presents our current understanding of the roles of SP-A and SP-D in non-pulmonary sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Ujma
- UCT Receptor Biology Research Unit, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Hu F, Ding G, Zhang Z, Gatto LA, Hawgood S, Poulain FR, Cooney RN, Wang G. Innate immunity of surfactant proteins A and D in urinary tract infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Innate Immun 2015; 22:9-20. [PMID: 26511057 DOI: 10.1177/1753425915609973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D, respectively) in urinary tract infection (UTI), SP-A and SP-D double knockout (SP-A/D KO) and wild type (WT) C57BL/6 female mice were infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli by intravesical inoculation. Compared with WT mice SP-A/D KO mice showed increased susceptibility to UTI, as evidenced by higher bacterial CFU, more infiltrating neutrophils and severe pathological changes. Keratinocyte-derived chemokine increased in the kidney of WT mice but not in SP-A/D KO mice 24 h post-infection. Compared with control, the level of IL-17 was elevated in the kidney of infected WT and SP-A/D KO mice and the level of IL-17 was higher in the infected SP-A/D KO mice than in infected WT mice 24 and 48 h post-infection. The basal level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in SP-A/D KO mice was higher than in WT mice. The phosphorylated p38 level was elevated in the kidney of WT mice post infection but not in SP-A/D KO mice. Furthermore, in vitro growth of uropathogenic E. coli was inhibited by SP-A and SP-D. We conclude that SP-A and SP-D function as mediators of innate immunity by inhibiting bacterial growth and modulating renal inflammation in part by regulating p38 MAPK-related pathway in murine UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Hu
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Louis A Gatto
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Hawgood
- Department of Pediatrics and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francis R Poulain
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of California Davis Medical Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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15
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Surfactant Protein D Binds to Coxiella burnetii and Results in a Decrease in Interactions with Murine Alveolar Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136699. [PMID: 26366725 PMCID: PMC4569269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of Q fever. Infections are usually acquired after inhalation of contaminated particles, where C. burnetii infects its cellular target cells, alveolar macrophages. Respiratory pathogens encounter the C-type lectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) during the course of natural infection. SP-D is a component of the innate immune response in the lungs and other mucosal surfaces. Many Gram-negative pulmonary pathogens interact with SP-D, which can cause aggregation, bactericidal effects and aid in bacterial clearance. Here we show that SP-D binds to C. burnetii in a calcium-dependent manner with no detectable bacterial aggregation or bactericidal effects. Since SP-D interactions with bacteria often alter macrophage interactions, it was determined that SP-D treatment resulted in a significant decrease in C. burnetii interactions to a mouse alveolar macrophage model cell line MH-S indicating SP-D causes a significant decrease in phagocytosis. The ability of SP-D to modulate macrophage activation by C. burnetii was tested and it was determined that SP-D does not alter the correlates measured for macrophage activation. Taken together these studies support those demonstrating limited activation of alveolar macrophages with C. burnetii and demonstrate interactions with SP-D participate in reduction of phagocyte attachment and phagocytosis.
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Ito E, Oka R, Ishii T, Korekane H, Kurimoto A, Kizuka Y, Kitazume S, Ariki S, Takahashi M, Kuroki Y, Kida K, Taniguchi N. Fucosylated surfactant protein-D is a biomarker candidate for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Proteomics 2015. [PMID: 26206179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We previously reported that knockout mice for α1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8), which catalyzes the biosynthesis of core-fucose in N-glycans, develop emphysema and that Fut8 heterozygous knockout mice are more sensitive to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema than wild-type mice. Moreover, a lower FUT8 activity was found to be associated with a faster decline in lung function among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. These results led us to hypothesize that core-fucosylation levels in a glycoprotein could be used as a biomarker for COPD. We focused on a lung-specific glycoprotein, surfactant protein D (SP-D), which plays a role in immune responses and is present in the distal airways, alveoli, and blood circulation. The results of a glycomic analysis reported herein demonstrate the presence of a core-fucose in an N-glycan on enriched SP-D from pooled human sera. We developed an antibody-lectin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for assessing fucosylation (core-fucose and α1,3/4 fucose) in COPD patients. The results indicate that fucosylation levels in serum SP-D are significantly higher in COPD patients than in non-COPD smokers. The severity of emphysema was positively associated with fucosylation levels in serum SP-D in smokers. Our findings suggest that increased fucosylation levels in serum SP-D are associated with the development of COPD. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE It has been proposed that serum SP-D concentrations are predictive of COPD pathogenesis, but distinguishing between COPD patients and healthy individuals to establish a clear cut-off value is difficult because smoking status highly affects circulating SP-D levels. Herein, we focused on N-glycosylation in SP-D and examined whether or not N-glycosylation patterns in SP-D are associated with the pathogenesis of COPD. We performed an N-glycomic analysis of human serum SP-D and the results show that a core-fucose is present in its N-glycan. We also found that the N-glycosylation in serum SP-D was indeed altered in COPD, that is, fucosylation levels including core-fucosylation are significantly increased in COPD patients compared with non-COPD smokers. The severity of emphysema was positively associated with fucosylation levels in serum SP-D in smokers. Our findings shed new light on the discovery and/or development of a useful biomarker based on glycosylation changes for diagnosing COPD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: HUPO 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ito
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Oka
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeo Ishii
- Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, 4-7-15-8F Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Korekane
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Ayako Kurimoto
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kitazume
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ariki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kuroki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kozui Kida
- Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, 4-7-15-8F Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Saka R, Yanagihara I, Sasaki T, Nose S, Takeuchi M, Nakayama M, Okuyama H. Immunolocalization of surfactant protein D in the liver from infants with cholestatic liver disease. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:297-300. [PMID: 25638623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is one of specific surfactant proteins constituting pulmonary surfactant. Recent studies have revealed that SP-D is detected in various non-pulmonary tissues and is involved in the host defense and immunomodulation. However, the relationship between SP-D and liver diseases has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to detect the immunolocalization of SP-D in the livers of infants with cholestatic liver disease. METHODS The expression of immunoreactive SP-D was assessed in infants with cholestasis, including biliary atresia (BA, n=7), neonatal hepatitis (NH, n=2), and paucity of the intrahepatic bile duct (PIBD, n=4). Immunoreactive SP-D was also assessed in six infants who died of non-liver disease as controls. Tissue samples were obtained at liver biopsy, or by post-mortem sampling. The tissue sections were incubated with anti-SP-D polyclonal antibodies and were counterstained with hematoxylin. RESULTS In the normal livers, SP-D was detected in the intrahepatic bile ducts, but was not detected in hepatocytes. In contrast, intense SP-D staining was noted in the hepatocytes from infants with BA, NH, and PIBD. Although SP-D was detected in the intrahepatic bile ducts in the infants with NH, negative or weak staining was seen in the intrahepatic bile ducts in infants with BA. CONCLUSION Our data showed that SP-D is present in the bile ducts of the normal infant liver, and it was found to accumulate in the hepatocytes of cholestatic livers. These results suggest that SP-D is produced in hepatocytes and is secreted into the bile ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Saka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.
| | - Itaru Yanagihara
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Satoko Nose
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Makoto Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health
| | - Masahiro Nakayama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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Kątnik-Prastowska I, Lis J, Matejuk A. Glycosylation of uroplakins. Implications for bladder physiopathology. Glycoconj J 2014; 31:623-36. [PMID: 25394961 PMCID: PMC4245495 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-014-9564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Urothelium, a specialized epithelium, covers the urinary tract and act not only as a barrier separating its light from the surrounding tissues, but fulfills an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the urothelial tract and well-being of the whole organism. Proper function of urothelium is dependent on the precise assemble of highly specialized glycoproteins called uroplakins, the end products and differentiation markers of the urothelial cells. Glycosylation changes in uroplakins correlate with and might reflect progressive stages of pathological conditions of the urothelium such as cancer, urinary tract infections, interstitial cystitis and others. In this review we focus on sugar components of uroplakins, their emerging role in urothelial biology and disease implications. The advances in our understanding of uroplakins changes in glycan moieties composition, structure, assembly and expression of their glycovariants could potentially lead to the development of targeted therapies and discoveries of novel urine and plasma markers for the benefit of patients with urinary tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kątnik-Prastowska
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
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Shen XF, Ren LB, Teng Y, Zheng S, Yang XL, Guo XJ, Wang XY, Sha KH, Li N, Xu GY, Tian HW, Wang XY, Liu XK, Li J, Huang N. Luteolin decreases the attachment, invasion and cytotoxicity of UPEC in bladder epithelial cells and inhibits UPEC biofilm formation. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:204-11. [PMID: 25051393 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI), primarily caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. Emerging antibiotic resistance requires novel treatment strategies. Luteolin, a dietary polyphenolic flavonoid, has been confirmed as a potential antimicrobial agent. Here, we evaluated the sub-MICs of luteolin for potential properties to modulate the UPEC infection. We found that luteolin significantly decreased the attachment and invasion of UPEC J96 or CFT073 in human bladder epithelial cell lines T24. Meanwhile, obvious decreased expression of type 1 fimbriae adhesin fimH gene, lower bacterial surface hydrophobicity and swimming motility, were observed in luteolin-pretreated UPEC. Furthermore, luteolin could attenuate UPEC-induced cytotoxicity in T24 cells, which manifested as decreased activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Simultaneously, the inhibition of luteolin on UPEC-induced cytotoxicity was confirmed by ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining. Finally, the luteolin-pretreated UPEC showed a lower ability of biofilm formation. Collectively, these results indicated that luteolin decreased the attachment and invasion of UPEC in bladder epithelial cells, attenuated UPEC-induced cytotoxicity and biofilm formation via down-regulating the expression of adhesin fimH gene, reducing the bacterial surface hydrophobicity and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-fei Shen
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lai-bin Ren
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Teng
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-long Yang
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-juan Guo
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin-yuan Wang
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kai-hui Sha
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Li
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guang-ya Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Han-wen Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pharmacology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-ying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-kang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ning Huang
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Cystitis: from urothelial cell biology to clinical applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:473536. [PMID: 24877098 PMCID: PMC4022113 DOI: 10.1155/2014/473536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cystitis is a urinary bladder disease with many causes and symptoms. The severity of cystitis ranges from mild lower abdominal discomfort to life-threatening haemorrhagic cystitis. The course of disease is often chronic or recurrent. Although cystitis represents huge economical and medical burden throughout the world and in many cases treatments are ineffective, the mechanisms of its origin and development as well as measures for effective treatment are still poorly understood. However, many studies have demonstrated that urothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role. In the present review we first discuss fundamental issues of urothelial cell biology, which is the core for comprehension of cystitis. Then we focus on many forms of cystitis, its current treatments, and advances in its research. Additionally we review haemorrhagic cystitis with one of the leading causative agents being chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide and summarise its management strategies. At the end we describe an excellent and widely used animal model of cyclophosphamide induced cystitis, which gives researches the opportunity to get a better insight into the mechanisms involved and possibility to develop new therapy approaches.
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Ordered and ushered; the assembly and translocation of the adhesive type I and p pili. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:841-60. [PMID: 24833049 PMCID: PMC3960871 DOI: 10.3390/biology2030841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type I and P pili are chaperone-usher pili of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, which allow bacteria to adhere to host cell receptors. Pilus formation and secretion are orchestrated by two accessory proteins, a chaperone, which catalyses pilus subunit folding and maintains them in a polymerization-competent state, and an outer membrane-spanning nanomachine, the usher, which choreographs their assembly into a pilus and drives their secretion through the membrane. In this review, recent structures and kinetic studies are combined to examine the mechanism of type I and P pili assembly, as it is currently known. We also investigate how the knowledge of pilus biogenesis mechanisms has been exploited to design selective inhibitors of the process.
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