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Bisello G, Rossignoli G, Choi S, Phillips RS, Bertoldi M. Active site serine-193 modulates activity of human aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 679:6-14. [PMID: 37651872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin. Here, by a combination of bioinformatic predictions and analyses, phosphorylation assays, spectroscopic investigations and activity measurements, we determined that Ser-193, a conserved residue located at the active site, can be phosphorylated, increasing catalytic efficiency. In order to determine the molecular basis for this functional improvement, we determined the structural and kinetic properties of the site-directed variants S193A, S193D and S193E. While S193A retains 27% of the catalytic efficiency of wild-type, the two acidic side chain variants are impaired in catalysis with efficiencies of about 0.15% with respect to the wild-type. Thus, even if located at the active site, Ser-193 is not essential for enzyme activity. We advance the idea that this residue is fundamental for the correct architecture of the active site in terms of network of interactions triggering catalysis. This role has been compared with the properties of the Ser-194 of the highly homologous enzyme histidine decarboxylase whose catalytic loop is visible in the spatial structure, allowing us to propose the validation for the effect of the phosphorylation. The effect could be interesting for AADC deficiency, a rare monogenic disease, whose broad clinical phenotype could be also related to post translational AADC modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bisello
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Rossignoli
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert S Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, Verona, Italy.
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2
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Xiang X, Vilar Gomez AA, Blomberg SP, Yuan H, Degnan BM, Degnan SM. Potential for host-symbiont communication via neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in an aneural animal, the marine sponge Amphimedon queenslandica. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1250694. [PMID: 37841893 PMCID: PMC10570526 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1250694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interkingdom signalling within a holobiont allows host and symbionts to communicate and to regulate each other's physiological and developmental states. Here we show that a suite of signalling molecules that function as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in most animals with nervous systems, specifically dopamine and trace amines, are produced exclusively by the bacterial symbionts of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica. Although sponges do not possess a nervous system, A. queenslandica expresses rhodopsin class G-protein-coupled receptors that are structurally similar to dopamine and trace amine receptors. When sponge larvae, which express these receptors, are exposed to agonists and antagonists of bilaterian dopamine and trace amine receptors, we observe marked changes in larval phototactic swimming behaviour, consistent with the sponge being competent to recognise and respond to symbiont-derived trace amine signals. These results indicate that monoamines synthesised by bacterial symbionts may be able to influence the physiology of the host sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandie M. Degnan
- Centre for Marine Science, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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3
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Crystal structure of BtrK, a decarboxylase involved in the (S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyrate (AHBA) formation during butirosin biosynthesis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Han SW, Shin JS. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylases: mechanistic features and microbial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4445-4458. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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5
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Morsy MA, Patel SS, Bakrania A, Kandeel M, Nair AB, Shah JN, Akrawi SH, El-Daly M. Ameliorative Effect of a Neoteric Regimen of Catechin plus Cetirizine on Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis in Rats. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060820. [PMID: 35743851 PMCID: PMC9225010 DOI: 10.3390/life12060820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects 20–50% of the global population. Available treatments are limited by their adverse effects. We investigated the anti-allergic effects of catechin alone and combined with cetirizine against ovalbumin-induced AR. Rats were sensitized with ovalbumin and received catechin (14 days) and then challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin (1%) to determine AR clinical scores. Histamine, histamine release, and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity were determined in blood, peritoneal mast cells, and stomachs, respectively. Vascular permeability and safety were assessed using Evans blue leakage and barbiturate-induced sleeping-time assays, respectively. Catechin and cetirizine binding with HDC was investigated by docking and binding energy analyses. The clinical scores of the combination regimen were superior to either drug alone. All treatments reduced vascular leakage, with no effect on barbiturate-induced sleeping time. Only the catechin-treated rats showed reduced histamine levels and HDC activity. Docking studies revealed that catechin has a 1.34-fold higher extra-precision docking score than L-histidine. The binding energy scores for catechin-HDC, L-histidine-HDC, and histamine-HDC were −50.86, −37.64, and −32.27 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding pattern of catechin was comparable to the standard HDC inhibitor, histidine methyl ester, but with higher binding free energy. Catechin binds the catalytic residue S354, unlike cetirizine. The anti-allergic effects of catechin can be explained by HDC inhibition and possible antihistaminic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (S.H.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Snehal S. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Anita Bakrania
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Jigar N. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
| | - Sabah H. Akrawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Mahmoud El-Daly
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt;
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6
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Bisello G, Kusmierska K, Verbeek MM, Sykut-Cegielska J, Willemsen MAAP, Wevers RA, Szymańska K, Poznanski J, Drozak J, Wertheim-Tysarowska K, Rygiel AM, Bertoldi M. The novel P330L pathogenic variant of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase maps on the catalytic flexible loop underlying its crucial role. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:305. [PMID: 35593933 PMCID: PMC9121088 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare monogenic disease, often fatal in the first decade, causing severe intellectual disability, movement disorders and autonomic dysfunction. It is due to mutations in the gene coding for the AADC enzyme responsible for the synthesis of dopamine and serotonin. Using whole exome sequencing, we have identified a novel homozygous c.989C > T (p.Pro330Leu) variant of AADC causing AADC deficiency. Pro330 is part of an essential structural and functional element: the flexible catalytic loop suggested to cover the active site as a lid and properly position the catalytic residues. Our investigations provide evidence that Pro330 concurs in the achievement of an optimal catalytic competence. Through a combination of bioinformatic approaches, dynamic light scattering measurements, limited proteolysis experiments, spectroscopic and in solution analyses, we demonstrate that the substitution of Pro330 with Leu, although not determining gross conformational changes, results in an enzymatic species that is highly affected in catalysis with a decarboxylase catalytic efficiency decreased by 674- and 194-fold for the two aromatic substrates. This defect does not lead to active site structural disassembling, nor to the inability to bind the pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) cofactor. The molecular basis for the pathogenic effect of this variant is rather due to a mispositioning of the catalytically competent external aldimine intermediate, as corroborated by spectroscopic analyses and pH dependence of the kinetic parameters. Altogether, we determined the structural basis for the severity of the manifestation of AADC deficiency in this patient and discussed the rationale for a precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bisello
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Kusmierska
- Department of Screening and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Cente, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanta Sykut-Cegielska
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Paediatrics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michèl A A P Willemsen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Cente, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Krystyna Szymańska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Poznanski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Drozak
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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Anti-Allergic Effects of Myrciaria dubia (Camu-Camu) Fruit Extract by Inhibiting Histamine H1 and H4 Receptors and Histidine Decarboxylase in RBL-2H3 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010104. [PMID: 35052608 PMCID: PMC8773304 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Myrciaria dubia (camu-camu) has been shown to exert anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies, its use in allergic responses has not been elucidated. In the present study, the anti-allergic effect of 70% ethanol camu-camu fruit extract was tested on calcium ionophore (A23187)-induced allergies in RBL-2H3 cells. The RBL-2H3 cells were induced with 100 nM A23187 for 6 h, followed by a 1 h camu-camu fruit extract treatment. A23187 sanitization exacerbated mast cell degranulation; however, camu-camu fruit extract decreased the release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase, which are considered as key biomarkers in cell degranulation. Camu-camu fruit extract inhibited cell exocytosis by regulating the calcium/nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) signaling. By downregulating the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, camu-camu fruit extract hindered the activation of both histamine H1 and H4 receptors and inhibited histidine decarboxylase (HDC) expression by mediating its transcription factors KLF4/SP1 and GATA2/MITF. In A23187-induced ROS overproduction, camu-camu fruit extract activated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to protect mast cells against A23187-induced oxidative stress. These findings indicate that camu-camu fruit extract can be developed to act as a mast cell stabilizer and an anti-histamine. This work also “opens the door” to new investigations using natural products to achieve breakthroughs in allergic disorder treatment.
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8
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Oda Y, Nakata K, Miyano H, Mizukoshi T, Yamaguchi H, Kashiwagi T. Structural insights into the enhanced thermostability of cysteine substitution mutants of L-histidine decarboxylase from Photobacterium phosphoreum. J Biochem 2021; 171:31-40. [PMID: 34622278 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic amino acid assays are important in physiological research and clinical diagnostics because abnormal amino acid concentrations in biofluids are associated with various diseases. L-histidine decarboxylase from Photobacterium phosphoreum (PpHDC) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme and a candidate for use in an L-histidine quantitation assay. Previous cysteine substitution experiments demonstrated that the PpHDC C57S mutant displayed improved long-term storage stability and thermostability when compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. In this study, combinational mutation experiments of single cysteine substitution mutants of PpHDC were performed, revealing that the PpHDC C57S/C101V/C282V mutant possessed the highest thermostability. The stabilizing mechanism of these mutations were elucidated by solving the structures of PpHDC C57S and C57S/C101V/C282V mutants by X-ray crystallography. In the crystal structures, two symmetry-related PpHDC molecules form a domain-swapped homodimer. The side chain of S57 is solvent exposed in the structure, indicating that the C57S mutation eliminates chemical oxidation or disulfide bond formation with a free thiol group, thereby providing greater stability. Residues 101 and 282 form hydrophobic interactions with neighboring hydrophobic residues. Mutations C101V and C282V enhanced thermostability of PpHDC by filling a cavity present in the hydrophobic core (C101V) and increasing hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Oda
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kunio Nakata
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
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9
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Bai P, Wang L, Wei K, Ruan L, Wu L, He M, Ni D, Cheng H. Biochemical characterization of specific Alanine Decarboxylase (AlaDC) and its ancestral enzyme Serine Decarboxylase (SDC) in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:17. [PMID: 33648478 PMCID: PMC7923638 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alanine decarboxylase (AlaDC), specifically present in tea plants, is crucial for theanine biosynthesis. Serine decarboxylase (SDC), found in many plants, is a protein most closely related to AlaDC. To investigate whether the new gene AlaDC originate from gene SDC and to determine the biochemical properties of the two proteins from Camellia sinensis, the sequences of CsAlaDC and CsSDC were analyzed and the two proteins were over-expressed, purified, and characterized. Results The results showed that exon-intron structures of AlaDC and SDC were quite similar and the protein sequences, encoded by the two genes, shared a high similarity of 85.1%, revealing that new gene AlaDC originated from SDC by gene duplication. CsAlaDC and CsSDC catalyzed the decarboxylation of alanine and serine, respectively. CsAlaDC and CsSDC exhibited the optimal activities at 45 °C (pH 8.0) and 40 °C (pH 7.0), respectively. CsAlaDC was stable under 30 °C (pH 7.0) and CsSDC was stable under 40 °C (pH 6.0–8.0). The activities of the two enzymes were greatly enhanced by the presence of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate. The specific activity of CsSDC (30,488 IU/mg) was 8.8-fold higher than that of CsAlaDC (3467 IU/mg). Conclusions Comparing to CsAlaDC, its ancestral enzyme CsSDC exhibited a higher specific activity and a better thermal and pH stability, indicating that CsSDC acquired the optimized function after a longer evolutionary period. The biochemical properties of CsAlaDC might offer reference for theanine industrial production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-021-00674-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Bai
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China.,College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang Wei
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Ruan
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyun Wu
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengdi He
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Okawa A, Shiba T, Hayashi M, Onoue Y, Murota M, Sato D, Inagaki J, Tamura T, Harada S, Inagaki K. Structural basis for substrate specificity of l-methionine decarboxylase. Protein Sci 2021; 30:663-677. [PMID: 33452696 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
l -Methionine decarboxylase (MetDC) from Streptomyces sp. 590 is a vitamin B6 -dependent enzyme and catalyzes the non-oxidative decarboxylation of l -methionine to produce 3-methylthiopropylamine and carbon dioxide. We present here the crystal structures of the ligand-free form of MetDC and of several enzymatic reaction intermediates. Group II amino acid decarboxylases have many residues in common around the active site but the residues surrounding the side chain of the substrate differ. Based on information obtained from the crystal structure, and mutational and biochemical experiments, we propose a key role for Gln64 in determining the substrate specificity of MetDC, and for Tyr421 as the acid catalyst that participates in protonation after the decarboxylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shiba
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion (CAIRP), Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Hayashi
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Onoue
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Murota
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dan Sato
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Inagaki
- Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Harada
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Inagaki
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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11
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Naganuma F, Yoshikawa T. Organic Cation Transporters in Brain Histamine Clearance: Physiological and Psychiatric Implications. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 266:169-185. [PMID: 33641029 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Histamine acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and is involved in numerous physiological functions. Recent studies have identified the causative role of decreased histaminergic systems in various neurological disorders. Thus, the brain histamine system has attracted attention as a therapeutic target to improve brain function. Neurotransmitter clearance is one of the most important processes for the regulation of neuronal activity and is an essential target for diverse drugs. Our previous study has shown the importance of histamine N-methyltransferase for the inactivation of brain histamine and the intracellular localization of this enzyme; the study indicated that the transport system for the movement of positively charged histamine from the extracellular to intracellular space is a prerequisite for histamine inactivation. Several studies on in vitro astrocytic histamine transport have indicated the contribution of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) in histamine uptake, although the importance of these transporters in in vivo histamine clearance remains unknown. Immunohistochemical analyses have revealed the expression of OCT3 and PMAT on neurons, emphasizing the importance of investigating neuronal histamine uptake. Further studies using knockout mice or fast-scan cyclic voltammetry will accelerate the research on histamine transporters. In this review article, we summarize histamine transport assays and describe the candidate transporters responsible for histamine transport in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Naganuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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12
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Gayathri SC, Manoj N. Crystallographic Snapshots of the Dunathan and Quinonoid Intermediates provide Insights into the Reaction Mechanism of Group II Decarboxylases. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:166692. [PMID: 33122004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PLP-dependent enzymes catalyze a plethora of chemical reactions affecting diverse physiological functions. Here we report the structural determinants of the reaction mechanism in a Group II PLP-dependent decarboxylase by assigning two early intermediates. The in-crystallo complexes of the PLP bound form, and the Dunathan and quinonoid intermediates, allowed direct observation of the active site interactions. The structures reveal that a subtle rearrangement of a conserved Arg residue in concert with a water-mediated interaction with the carboxylate of the Dunathan intermediate, appears to directly stabilize the alignment and facilitate the release of CO2 to yield the quinonoid. Modeling indicates that the conformational change of a dynamic catalytic loop to a closed form controls a conserved network of hydrogen bond interactions between catalytic residues to protonate the quinonoid. Our results provide a structural framework to elucidate mechanistic roles of residues that govern reaction specificity and catalysis in PLP-dependent decarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Chellam Gayathri
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Narayanan Manoj
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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13
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Mahootchi E, Raasakka A, Luan W, Muruganandam G, Loris R, Haavik J, Kursula P. Structure and substrate specificity determinants of the taurine biosynthetic enzyme cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase. J Struct Biol 2020; 213:107674. [PMID: 33253877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5́-phosphate (PLP) is an important cofactor for amino acid decarboxylases with many biological functions, including the synthesis of signalling molecules, such as serotonin, dopamine, histamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and taurine. Taurine is an abundant amino acid with multiple physiological functions, including osmoregulation, pH regulation, antioxidative protection, and neuromodulation. In mammalian tissues, taurine is mainly produced by decarboxylation of cysteine sulphinic acid to hypotaurine, catalysed by the PLP-dependent cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), followed by oxidation of the product to taurine. We determined the crystal structure of mouse CSAD and compared it to other PLP-dependent decarboxylases in order to identify determinants of substrate specificity and catalytic activity. Recognition of the substrate involves distinct side chains forming the substrate-binding cavity. In addition, the backbone conformation of a buried active-site loop appears to be a critical determinant for substrate side chain binding in PLP-dependent decarboxylases. Phe94 was predicted to affect substrate specificity, and its mutation to serine altered both the catalytic properties of CSAD and its stability. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, we further showed that CSAD presents open/close motions in solution. The structure of apo-CSAD indicates that the active site gets more ordered upon internal aldimine formation. Taken together, the results highlight details of substrate recognition in PLP-dependent decarboxylases and provide starting points for structure-based inhibitor design with the aim of affecting the biosynthesis of taurine and other abundant amino acid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Weisha Luan
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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14
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A single amino acid substitution converts a histidine decarboxylase to an imidazole acetaldehyde synthase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108551. [PMID: 32871134 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC; EC 4.1.1.22), an enzyme that catalyzes histamine synthesis with high substrate specificity, is a member of the group II pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) -dependent decarboxylase family. Tyrosine is a conserved residue among group II PLP-dependent decarboxylases. Human HDC has a Y334 located on a catalytically important loop at the active site. In this study, we demonstrated that a HDC Y334F mutant is capable of catalyzing the decarboxylation-dependent oxidative deamination of histidine to yield imidazole acetaldehyde. Replacement of the active-site Tyr with Phe in group II PLP-dependent decarboxylases, including mammalian aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, plant tyrosine/DOPA decarboxylase, and plant tryptophan decarboxylase, is expected to result in the same functional change, given that a Y-to-F substitution at the corresponding residue (number 260) in the HDC of Morganella morganii, another group II PLP-dependent decarboxylase, yielded the same effect. Thus, it was suggested that the loss of the OH moiety from the active-site Tyr residue of decarboxylase uniquely converts the enzyme to an aldehyde synthase.
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15
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Yoshikawa T, Nakamura T, Yanai K. Histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus as a control centre for wakefulness. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:750-769. [PMID: 32744724 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine plays pleiotropic roles as a neurotransmitter in the physiology of brain function, this includes the maintenance of wakefulness, appetite regulation and memory retrieval. Since numerous studies have revealed an association between histaminergic dysfunction and diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, a large number of compounds acting on the brain histamine system have been developed to treat neurological disorders. In 2016, pitolisant, which was developed as a histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist by Schwartz and colleagues, was launched for the treatment of narcolepsy, emphasising the prominent role of brain histamine on wakefulness. Recent advances in neuroscientific techniques such as chemogenetic and optogenetic approaches have led to remarkable progress in the understanding of histaminergic neural circuits essential for the control of wakefulness. In this review article, we summarise the basic knowledge about the histaminergic nervous system and the mechanisms underlying sleep/wake regulation that are controlled by the brain histamine system. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadaho Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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16
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Liao L, Zhou Y, Peng T, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Zeng Z. Crystal structure of a S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferase-like enzyme from Aspergillus flavus. Proteins 2020; 89:185-192. [PMID: 32875607 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTases) are widely distributed among almost all organisms and often characterized with conserved Rossmann fold, TIM barrel, and D×G×G×G motif. However, some MTases show no methyltransferase activity. In the present study, the crystal structure of LepI, one MTase-like enzyme isolated from A. flavus that catalyzes pericyclic reactions, was investigated to determine its structure-function relationship. The overall structure of LepI in complex with the SAM mimic S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) (PDB ID: 6IV7) indicated that LepI is a tetramer in solution. The residues His133, Arg197, Arg295, and Asp296 located near the active site can form hydrogen bonds with the substrate, thus participating in catalytic reactions. The binding of SAH in LepI is almost identical to that in other resolved MTases; however, the location of catalytic residues differs significantly. Phylogenetic trials suggest that LepI proteins share a common ancestor in plants and algae, which may explain the conserved SAM-binding site. However, the accelerated evolution of A. flavus has introduced both functional and structural changes in LepI. More importantly, the residue Arg295, which is unique to LepI, might be a key determinant for the altered enzymatic behavior. Collectively, the differences in the composition of catalytic residues, as well as the unique tetrameric form of LepI, define its unique enzymatic behavior. The present work provides an additional understanding of the structure-function relationship of MTases and MTase-like enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Liao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanze Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiong Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
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17
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Yamada Y, Yoshikawa T, Naganuma F, Kikkawa T, Osumi N, Yanai K. Chronic brain histamine depletion in adult mice induced depression-like behaviours and impaired sleep-wake cycle. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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18
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Zhou Y, Liao L, Liu X, Liu B, Chen X, Guo Y, Huang C, Zhao Y, Zeng Z. Crystal structure of Oryza sativa TDC reveals the substrate specificity for TDC-mediated melatonin biosynthesis. J Adv Res 2020; 24:501-511. [PMID: 32595985 PMCID: PMC7306523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) is a type II Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent decarboxylase (PLP_DC) that could be used as a target to genetically improve crops. However, lack of accurate structural information on plant TDC hampers the understanding of its decarboxylation mechanisms. In the present study, the crystal structures of Oryza sativa TDC (OsTDC) in its complexes with pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, tryptamine and serotonin were determined. The structures provide detailed interaction information between TDC and its substrates. The Y359 residue from the loop gate is a proton donor and forms a Lewis acid-base pair with serotonin/tryptamine, which is associated with product release. The H214 residue is responsible for PLP binding and proton transfer, and its proper interaction with Y359 is essential for OsTDC enzyme activity. The extra hydrogen bonds formed between the 5-hydroxyl group of serotonin and the backbone carboxyl groups of F104 and P105 explain the discrepancy between the catalytic activity of TDC in tryptophan and in 5-hydroxytryptophan. In addition, an evolutionary analysis revealed that type II PLP_DC originated from glutamic acid decarboxylase, potentially as an adaptive evolution of mechanism in organisms in extreme environments. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to present a detailed analysis of the crystal structure of OsTDC in these complexes. The information regarding the catalytic mechanism described here could facilitate the development of protocols to regulate melatonin levels and thereby contribute to crop improvement efforts to improve food security worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanze Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijing Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xikai Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Biao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanlong Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhixiong Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
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19
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Structural insights into the mechanism of internal aldimine formation and catalytic loop dynamics in an archaeal Group II decarboxylase. J Struct Biol 2019; 208:137-151. [PMID: 31445086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Formation of the internal aldimine (LLP) is the first regulatory step that activates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes. The process involves a nucleophilic attack on PLP by an active site Lys residue, followed by proton transfers resulting in a carbinolamine (CBA) intermediate that undergoes dehydration to form the aldimine. Despite a general understanding of the pathway, the structural basis of the mechanistic roles of specific residues in each of these steps is unclear. Here we determined the crystal structure of the LLP form (holo-form) of a Group II PLP-dependent decarboxylase from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (MjDC) at 1.7 Å resolution. By comparing the crystal structure of MjDC in the LLP form with that of the pyridoxal-P (non-covalently bound aldehyde) form, we demonstrate structural evidence for a water-mediated mechanism of LLP formation. A conserved extended hydrogen-bonding network around PLP coupled to the pyridinyl nitrogen influences activation and catalysis by affecting the electronic configuration of PLP. Furthermore, the two cofactor bound forms revealed open and closed conformations of the catalytic loop (CL) in the absence of a ligand, supporting a hypothesis for a regulatory link between LLP formation and CL dynamics. The evidence suggests that activation of Group II decarboxylases involves a complex interplay of interactions between the electronic states of PLP, the active site micro-environment and CL dynamics.
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20
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Takai J, Ohtsu H, Sato A, Uemura S, Fujimura T, Yamamoto M, Moriguchi T. Lipopolysaccharide-induced expansion of histidine decarboxylase-expressing Ly6G + myeloid cells identified by exploiting histidine decarboxylase BAC-GFP transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15603. [PMID: 31666556 PMCID: PMC6821885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a biogenic amine that is chiefly produced in mast cells and basophils and elicits an allergic response upon stimulation. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is a unique enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of histamine. Therefore, the spatiotemporally specific Hdc gene expression profile could represent the localization of histamine-producing cells under various pathophysiological conditions. Although the bioactivity of histamine is well defined, the regulatory mechanism of Hdc gene expression and the distribution of histamine-producing cell populations in various disease contexts remains unexplored. To address these issues, we generated a histidine decarboxylase BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) DNA-directed GFP reporter transgenic mouse employing a 293-kb BAC clone containing the entire Hdc gene locus and extended flanking sequences (Hdc-GFP). We found that the GFP expression pattern in the Hdc-GFP mice faithfully recapitulated that of conventional histamine-producing cells and that the GFP expression level mirrored the increased Hdc expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic lungs. Notably, a CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow myeloid cell population accumulated in the lung during sepsis, and most of these cells expressed high levels of GFP and indeed contain histamine. This study reveals the accumulation of a histamine-producing myeloid cell population during sepsis, which likely participates in the immune process of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takai
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtsu
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uemura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimura
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Mega-Bank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Moriguchi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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21
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Apolloni S, Amadio S, Fabbrizio P, Morello G, Spampinato AG, Latagliata EC, Salvatori I, Proietti D, Ferri A, Madaro L, Puglisi-Allegra S, Cavallaro S, Volonté C. Histaminergic transmission slows progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:872-893. [PMID: 31020811 PMCID: PMC6711424 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine is an immune modulator, neuroprotective, and remyelinating agent, beneficially acting on skeletal muscles and promoting anti-inflammatory features in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) microglia. Drugs potentiating the endogenous release of histamine are in trial for neurological diseases, with a role not systematically investigated in ALS. Here, we examine histamine pathway associations in ALS patients and the efficacy of a histamine-mediated therapeutic strategy in ALS mice. METHODS We adopted an integrative multi-omics approach combining gene expression profiles, copy number variants, and single nucleotide polymorphisms of ALS patients. We treated superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-G93A mice that recapitulate key ALS features, with the brain-permeable histamine precursor histidine in the symptomatic phase of the disease and analysed the rescue from disease pathological signs. We examined the action of histamine in cultured SOD1-G93A motor neuron-like cells. RESULTS We identified 13 histamine-related genes deregulated in the spinal cord of two ALS patient subgroups, among which genes involved in histamine metabolism, receptors, transport, and secretion. Some histamine-related genes overlapped with genomic regions disrupted by DNA copy number and with ALS-linked pathogenic variants. Histidine treatment in SOD1-G93A mice proved broad efficacy in ameliorating ALS features, among which most importantly lifespan, motor performance, microgliosis, muscle atrophy, and motor neurons survival in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our gene set/pathway enrichment analyses and preclinical studies started at the onset of symptoms establish that histamine-related genes are modifiers in ALS, supporting their role as candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We disclose a novel important role for histamine in the characterization of the multi-gene network responsible for ALS and, furthermore, in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Fabbrizio
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Morello
- National Research Council, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Ferri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Cinzia Volonté
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Rome, Italy
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22
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Mechanism-based tuning of insect 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase for synthetic bioproduction of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2015. [PMID: 31043610 PMCID: PMC6494836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have utilized monoamine oxidase (MAO) and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase (DDC) for microbe-based production of tetrahydropapaveroline (THP), a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) precursor to opioid analgesics. In the current study, a phylogenetically distinct Bombyx mori 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase (DHPAAS) is identified to bypass MAO and DDC for direct production of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DHPAA) from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). Structure-based enzyme engineering of DHPAAS results in bifunctional switching between aldehyde synthase and decarboxylase activities. Output of dopamine and DHPAA products is fine-tuned by engineered DHPAAS variants with Phe79Tyr, Tyr80Phe and Asn192His catalytic substitutions. Balance of dopamine and DHPAA products enables improved THP biosynthesis via a symmetrical pathway in Escherichia coli. Rationally engineered insect DHPAAS produces (R,S)-THP in a single enzyme system directly from L-DOPA both in vitro and in vivo, at higher yields than that of the wild-type enzyme. However, DHPAAS-mediated downstream BIA production requires further improvement. Bioproduction of tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) is limited by the specificity of monoamine oxidase (MAO). Here, the authors identify an insect 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase (DHPAAS) that can bypass MAO for direct aldehyde production and demonstrate bifunctional switching of DHPAAS for efficient THP production.
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23
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Nitta Y, Ito H, Komori H, Ueno H, Takeshima D, Ito M, Sakaue M, Kikuzaki H. The ellagitannin trimer rugosin G inhibits recombinant human histidine decarboxylase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1315-1318. [PMID: 30995171 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1606695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rugosin G, an ellagitannin trimer, was isolated from the water-soluble fraction of red rose petals, and its inhibitory activity against recombinant human histidine decarboxylase was investigated. Rugosin G showed potent inhibition compared to ellagitannin monomers and a dimer with macrocyclic structure (oenothein B), suggesting the potent inhibition of rugosin G was attributed to its linear oligomeric conformation. Abbreviations: HDC, histidine decarboxylase; Me2CO, acetone; EtOAc, ethyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nitta
- a Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science , Okayama Prefectural University , Soja-shi, Okayama , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ito
- a Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science , Okayama Prefectural University , Soja-shi, Okayama , Japan
| | - Hirohumi Komori
- b Faculty of Education , Kagawa University , Takamatsu, Kagawa , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- c Laboratory of Applied Microbiology & Biochemistry , Ryukoku University , Ohtsu, Shiga , Japan
| | - Daiki Takeshima
- a Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science , Okayama Prefectural University , Soja-shi, Okayama , Japan
| | - Mikiko Ito
- d Graduate School of Human Science and Environment , University of Hyogo , Himeji, Hyogo , Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Sakaue
- d Graduate School of Human Science and Environment , University of Hyogo , Himeji, Hyogo , Japan
| | - Hiroe Kikuzaki
- e Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Nara Women's University , Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara , Japan
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24
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Abstract
Stereospecific generation of α-amino ketones from common α-amino acids is difficult to achieve, often employing superstoichiometric alkylating reagents and requiring multiple protecting group manipulations. In contrast, the α-oxoamine synthase protein family performs this transformation stereospecifically in a single step without the need for protecting groups. Herein, we detail the characterization of the 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase (AONS) domain of the four-domain polyketide-like synthase SxtA, which natively mediates the formation of the ethyl ketone derivative of arginine. The function of each of the four domains is elucidated, leading to a revised proposal for the initiation of saxitoxin biosynthesis, a potent neurotoxin. We also demonstrate the synthetic potential of SxtA AONS, which is applied to the synthesis of a panel of novel α-amino ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Chun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Alison R H Narayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
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25
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Liang J, Han Q, Tan Y, Ding H, Li J. Current Advances on Structure-Function Relationships of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate-Dependent Enzymes. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:4. [PMID: 30891451 PMCID: PMC6411801 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) functions as a coenzyme in many enzymatic processes, including decarboxylation, deamination, transamination, racemization, and others. Enzymes, requiring PLP, are commonly termed PLP-dependent enzymes, and they are widely involved in crucial cellular metabolic pathways in most of (if not all) living organisms. The chemical mechanisms for PLP-mediated reactions have been well elaborated and accepted with an emphasis on the pure chemical steps, but how the chemical steps are processed by enzymes, especially by functions of active site residues, are not fully elucidated. Furthermore, the specific mechanism of an enzyme in relation to the one for a similar class of enzymes seems scarcely described or discussed. This discussion aims to link the specific mechanism described for the individual enzyme to the same types of enzymes from different species with aminotransferases, decarboxylases, racemase, aldolase, cystathionine β-synthase, aromatic phenylacetaldehyde synthase, et al. as models. The structural factors that contribute to the reaction mechanisms, particularly active site residues critical for dictating the reaction specificity, are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haizhen Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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26
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Torrens-Spence MP, Liu CT, Pluskal T, Chung YK, Weng JK. Monoamine Biosynthesis via a Noncanonical Calcium-Activatable Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase in Psilocybin Mushroom. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3343-3353. [PMID: 30484626 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylases (AAADs) are a phylogenetically diverse group of enzymes responsible for the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acid substrates into their corresponding aromatic arylalkylamines. AAADs have been extensively studied in mammals and plants as they catalyze the first step in the production of neurotransmitters and bioactive phytochemicals, respectively. Unlike mammals and plants, the hallucinogenic psilocybin mushroom Psilocybe cubensis reportedly employs an unrelated phosphatidylserine-decarboxylase-like enzyme to catalyze l-tryptophan decarboxylation, the first step in psilocybin biosynthesis. To explore the origin of this chemistry in psilocybin mushroom, we generated the first de novo transcriptomes of P. cubensis and investigated several putative l-tryptophan-decarboxylase-like enzymes. We report the biochemical characterization of a noncanonical AAAD from P. cubensis ( PcncAAAD) that exhibits substrate permissiveness toward l-phenylalanine, l-tyrosine, and l-tryptophan, as well as chloro-tryptophan derivatives. The crystal structure of PcncAAAD revealed the presence of a unique C-terminal appendage domain featuring a novel double-β-barrel fold. This domain is required for PcncAAAD activity and regulates catalytic rate and thermal stability through calcium binding. PcncAAAD likely plays a role in psilocybin production in P. cubensis and offers a new tool for metabolic engineering of aromatic-amino-acid-derived natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tomáš Pluskal
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yin Kwan Chung
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Rossignoli G, Grottesi A, Bisello G, Montioli R, Borri Voltattorni C, Paiardini A, Bertoldi M. Cysteine 180 Is a Redox Sensor Modulating the Activity of Human Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Histidine Decarboxylase. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6336-6348. [PMID: 30346159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Histidine decarboxylase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzyme catalyzing the conversion of histidine to histamine, a bioactive molecule exerting its role in many modulatory processes. The human enzyme is involved in many physiological functions, such as neurotransmission, gastrointestinal track function, cell growth, and differentiation. Here, we studied the functional properties of the human enzyme and, in particular, the effects exerted at the protein level by two cysteine residues: Cys-180 and Cys-418. Surprisingly, the enzyme exists in an equilibrium between a reduced and an oxidized form whose extent depends on the redox state of Cys-180. Moreover, we determined that (i) the two enzymatic redox species exhibit modest structural changes in the coenzyme microenvironment and (ii) the oxidized form is slightly more active and stable than the reduced one. These data are consistent with the model proposed by bioinformatics analyses and molecular dynamics simulations in which the Cys-180 redox state could be responsible for a structural transition affecting the C-terminal domain reorientation leading to active site alterations. Furthermore, the biochemical properties of the purified C180S and C418S variants reveal that C180S behaves like the reduced form of the wild-type enzyme, while C418S is sensitive to reductants like the wild-type enzyme, thus allowing the identification of Cys-180 as the redox sensitive switch. On the other hand, Cys-418 appears to be a residue involved in aggregation propensity. A possible role for Cys-180 as a regulatory switch in response to different cellular redox conditions could be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Rossignoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement , University of Verona , Strada Le Grazie, 8 , 37134 Verona , Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Bisello
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement , University of Verona , Strada Le Grazie, 8 , 37134 Verona , Italy
| | - Riccardo Montioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement , University of Verona , Strada Le Grazie, 8 , 37134 Verona , Italy
| | - Carla Borri Voltattorni
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement , University of Verona , Strada Le Grazie, 8 , 37134 Verona , Italy
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" , University "La Sapienza", Rome , P.zale A. Moro 5 , 00185 Roma , Italy
| | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement , University of Verona , Strada Le Grazie, 8 , 37134 Verona , Italy
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Huang H, Li Y, Liang J, Finkelman FD. Molecular Regulation of Histamine Synthesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1392. [PMID: 29973935 PMCID: PMC6019440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a critical mediator of IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis, a neurotransmitter and a regulator of gastric acid secretion. Histamine is a monoamine synthesized from the amino acid histidine through a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which removes carboxyl group from histidine. Despite the importance of histamine, transcriptional regulation of HDC gene expression in mammals is still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on discussing advances in the understanding of molecular regulation of mammalian histamine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- The Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,The Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, IL, United States
| | - Yapeng Li
- The Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Jinyi Liang
- The Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- The Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,The Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Juang YC, Fradera X, Han Y, Partridge AW. Repurposing a Histamine Detection Platform for High-Throughput Screening of Histidine Decarboxylase. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:974-981. [PMID: 29884090 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218778053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is the primary enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of histidine to histamine. HDC contributes to many physiological responses as histamine plays important roles in allergic reaction, neurological response, gastric acid secretion, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Small-molecule modulation of HDC represents a potential therapeutic strategy for a range of histamine-associated diseases, including inflammatory disease, neurological disorders, gastric ulcers, and select cancers. High-throughput screening (HTS) methods for measuring HDC activity are currently limited. Here, we report the development of a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay for monitoring HDC activity. The assay is based on competition between HDC-generated histamine and fluorophore-labeled histamine for binding to a Europium cryptate (EuK)-labeled anti-histamine antibody. We demonstrated that the assay is highly sensitive and simple to develop. Assay validation experiments were performed using low-volume 384-well plates and resulted in good statistical parameters. A pilot HTS screen gave a Z' score > 0.5 and a hit rate of 1.1%, and led to the identification of a validated hit series. Overall, the presented assay should facilitate the discovery of therapeutic HDC inhibitors by acting as a novel tool suitable for large-scale HTS and subsequent interrogation of compound structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Juang
- 1 Early Discovery Pharmacology, Translational Medicine Research Centre, MRL, MSD, Singapore
| | - Xavier Fradera
- 2 Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yongxin Han
- 2 Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Boston, MA, USA
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Raasakka A, Mahootchi E, Winge I, Luan W, Kursula P, Haavik J. Structure of the mouse acidic amino acid decarboxylase GADL1. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:65-73. [PMID: 29372909 PMCID: PMC5947694 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17017848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is a ubiquitous cofactor in various enzyme classes, including PLP-dependent decarboxylases. A recently discovered member of this class is glutamic acid decarboxylase-like protein 1 (GADL1), which lacks the activity to decarboxylate glutamate to γ-aminobutyrate, despite its homology to glutamic acid decarboxylase. Among the acidic amino acid decarboxylases, GADL1 is most similar to cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), but the physiological function of GADL1 is unclear, although its expression pattern and activity suggest a role in neurotransmitter and neuroprotectant metabolism. The crystal structure of mouse GADL1 is described, together with a solution model based on small-angle X-ray scattering data. While the overall fold and the conformation of the bound PLP are similar to those in other PLP-dependent decarboxylases, GADL1 adopts a more loose conformation in solution, which might have functional relevance in ligand binding and catalysis. The structural data raise new questions about the compactness, flexibility and conformational dynamics of PLP-dependent decarboxylases, including GADL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Elaheh Mahootchi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Winge
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Weisha Luan
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Li Y, Liu B, Harmacek L, Long Z, Liang J, Lukin K, Leach SM, O'Connor B, Gerber AN, Hagman J, Roers A, Finkelman FD, Huang H. The transcription factors GATA2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor regulate Hdc gene expression in mast cells and are required for IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:1173-1184. [PMID: 29277702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine is a critical mediator of IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. Histamine is synthesized by decarboxylating the amino acid histidine, a reaction catalyzed by the histidine decarboxylase (Hdc) gene-encoded enzyme HDC. However, regulation of the Hdc gene in mast cells is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the in vivo regulation of IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis by the transcription factors GATA2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and the mechanisms by which GATA2 and MITF regulate Hdc gene expression in mouse and human mast cells. METHODS Mice deficient in the transcription factors Gata2, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (Ahrr), or basic helix-loop-helix family member E40 (Bhlhe40) were assessed for anaphylactic reactions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis identified putative Hdc enhancers. Luciferase reporter transcription assay confirmed enhancer activities of putative enhancers in the Hdc gene. The short hairpin RNA knockdown approach was used to determine the role of MITF in regulating mouse and human HDC gene expression. RESULTS Connective tissue mast cell-specific Gata2-deficient mice did not have IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. GATA2 induced the expression of Mitf, Ahr, Ahrr, and Bhlhe40 in mast cells. MITF, but not AHR, AHRR, or BHLHE40, was required for anaphylaxis. MITF bound to an enhancer located 8.8 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the Hdc gene and directed enhancer activity. MITF overexpression largely restored Hdc gene expression in the Gata2-deficient mast cells. In the human mast cell line LAD2, MITF was required for the HDC gene expression and histamine synthesis. CONCLUSION The transcription factors GATA2 and MITF regulate Hdc gene expression in mast cells and are required for IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Laura Harmacek
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Zijie Long
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyi Liang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kara Lukin
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Sonia M Leach
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Brian O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - James Hagman
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Technische Universit ät Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo.
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Best J, Nijhout HF, Samaranayake S, Hashemi P, Reed M. A mathematical model for histamine synthesis, release, and control in varicosities. Theor Biol Med Model 2017; 14:24. [PMID: 29228949 PMCID: PMC5725884 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-017-0070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histamine (HA), a small molecule that is synthesized from the amino acid histidine, plays an important role in the immune system where it is associated with allergies, inflammation, and T-cell regulation. In the brain, histamine is stored in mast cells and other non-neuronal cells and also acts as a neurotransmitter. The histamine neuron cell bodies are in the tuberomammillary (TM) nucleus of the hypothalamus and these neurons send projections throughout the central nervous system (CNS), in particular to the cerebral cortex, amygdala, basal ganglia, hippocampus, thalamus, retina, and spinal cord. HA neurons make few synapses, but release HA from the cell bodies and from varicosities when the neurons fire. Thus the HA neural system seems to modulate and control the HA concentration in projection regions. It is known that high HA levels in the extracellular space inhibit serotonin release, so HA may play a role in the etiology of depression. Results We compare model predictions to classical physiological experiments on HA half-life, the concentration of brain HA after histidine loading, and brain HA after histidine is dramatically increased or decreased in the diet. The model predictions are also consistent with in vivo experiments in which extracellular HA is measured, using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry, in the premammillary nucleus (PM) after a 2 s antidromic stimulation of the TM, both without and in the presence of the H3 autoreceptor antagonist thioperamide. We show that the model predicts well the temporal behavior of HA in the extracellular space over 30 s in both experiments. Conclusions Our ability to measure in vivo histamine dynamics in the extracellular space after stimulation presents a real opportunity to understand brain function and control. The observed extracellular dynamics depends on synthesis, storage, neuronal firing, release, reuptake, glial cells, and control by autoreceptors, as well as the behavioral state of the animal (for example, depression) or the presence of neuroinflammation. In this complicated situation, the mathematical model will be useful for interpreting data and conducting in silico experiments to understand causal mechanisms. And, better understanding can suggest new therapeutic drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Best
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, 231 W 18th Ave, MW 614, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.
| | - H F Nijhout
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
| | - Srimal Samaranayake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29208, SC, USA
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29208, SC, USA
| | - Michael Reed
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
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Liang J, Han Q, Ding H, Li J. Biochemical identification of residues that discriminate between 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase-mediated reactions. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:34-43. [PMID: 29037755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In available insect genomes, there are several L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) decarboxylase (DDC)-like or aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) sequences. This contrasts to those of mammals whose genomes contain only one DDC. Our previous experiments established that two DDC-like proteins from Drosophila actually mediate a complicated decarboxylation-oxidative deamination process of dopa in the presence of oxygen, leading to the formation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DHPA), CO2, NH3, and H2O2. This contrasts to the typical DDC-catalyzed reaction, which produces CO2 and dopamine. These DDC-like proteins were arbitrarily named DHPA synthases based on their critical role in insect soft cuticle formation. Establishment of reactions catalyzed by these AAAD-like proteins solved a puzzle that perplexed researchers for years, but to tell a true DHPA synthase from a DDC in the insect AAAD family remains problematic due to high sequence similarity. In this study, we performed extensive structural and biochemical comparisons between DHPA synthase and DDC. These comparisons identified several target residues potentially dictating DDC-catalyzed and DHPA synthase-catalyzed reactions, respectively. Comparison of DHPA synthase homology models with crystal structures of typical DDC proteins, particularly residues in the active sites, provided further insights for the roles these identified target residues play. Subsequent site-directed mutagenesis of the tentative target residues and activity evaluations of their corresponding mutants determined that active site His192 and Asn192 are essential signature residues for DDC- and DHPA synthase-catalyzed reactions, respectively. Oxygen is required in DHPA synthase-mediated process and this oxidizing agent is reduced to H2O2 in the process. Biochemical assessment established that H2O2, formed in DHPA synthase-mediated process, can be reused as oxidizing agent and this active oxygen species is reduced to H2O; thereby avoiding oxidative stress by H2O2. Results of our structural and functional analyses provide a reasonable explanation of mechanisms involved in DHPA synthase-mediated reactions. Based on the key active site residue Asn192, identified in Drosophila DHPA synthase, we were able to distinguish all available insect DHPA synthases from DDC sequences primarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24060, United States
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Haizhen Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24060, United States
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24060, United States.
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Fernandes HS, Ramos MJ, Cerqueira NMFSA. The Catalytic Mechanism of the Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-Dependent Enzyme, Histidine Decarboxylase: A Computational Study. Chemistry 2017; 23:9162-9173. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva Fernandes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Faculdade de Ciências s/n; Universidade do Porto; 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - Maria João Ramos
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Faculdade de Ciências s/n; Universidade do Porto; 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - Nuno M. F. S. A. Cerqueira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Faculdade de Ciências s/n; Universidade do Porto; 4169-007 Porto Portugal
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Genetic Analysis of Histamine Signaling in Larval Zebrafish Sleep. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0286-16. [PMID: 28275716 PMCID: PMC5334454 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0286-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological studies in mammals and zebrafish suggest that histamine plays an important role in promoting arousal. However, genetic studies using rodents with disrupted histamine synthesis or signaling have revealed only subtle or no sleep/wake phenotypes. Studies of histamine function in mammalian arousal are complicated by its production in cells of the immune system and its roles in humoral and cellular immunity, which can have profound effects on sleep/wake states. To avoid this potential confound, we used genetics to explore the role of histamine in regulating sleep in zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate in which histamine production is restricted to neurons in the brain. Similar to rodent genetic studies, we found that zebrafish that lack histamine due to mutation of histidine decarboxylase (hdc) exhibit largely normal sleep/wake behaviors. Zebrafish containing predicted null mutations in several histamine receptors also lack robust sleep/wake phenotypes, although we are unable to verify that these mutants are completely nonfunctional. Consistent with some rodent studies, we found that arousal induced by overexpression of the neuropeptide hypocretin (Hcrt) or by stimulation of hcrt-expressing neurons is not blocked in hdc or hrh1 mutants. We also found that the number of hcrt-expressing or histaminergic neurons is unaffected in animals that lack histamine or Hcrt signaling, respectively. Thus, while acute pharmacological manipulation of histamine signaling has been shown to have profound effects on zebrafish and mammalian sleep, our results suggest that chronic loss of histamine signaling due to genetic mutations has only subtle effects on sleep in zebrafish, similar to rodents.
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Guan H, Song S, Robinson H, Liang J, Ding H, Li J, Han Q. Structural Basis of the Substrate Specificity and Enzyme Catalysis of a Papaver somniferum Tyrosine Decarboxylase. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:5. [PMID: 28232911 PMCID: PMC5299019 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine decarboxylase (TyDC), a type II pyridoxal 5′-phosphate decarboxylase, catalyzes the decarboxylation of tyrosine. Due to a generally high sequence identity to other aromatic amino acid decarboxylases (AAADs), primary sequence information is not enough to understand substrate specificities with structural information. In this study, we selected a typical TyDC from Papaver somniferum as a model to study the structural basis of AAAD substrate specificities. Analysis of the native P. somniferum TyDC crystal structure and subsequent molecular docking and dynamics simulation provide some structural bases that explain substrate specificity for tyrosine. The result confirmed the previous proposed mechanism for the enzyme selectivity of indolic and phenolic substrates. Additionally, this study yields the first crystal structure for a plant type II pyridoxal-5'-phosphate decarboxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Guan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan UniversityHainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan UniversityHainan, China; Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, Hainan UniversityHaikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shuaibao Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan UniversityHainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan UniversityHainan, China; Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, Hainan UniversityHaikou, Hainan, China
| | - Howard Robinson
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Haizhen Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Qian Han
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan UniversityHainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan UniversityHainan, China; Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, Hainan UniversityHaikou, Hainan, China
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Sanchez-Jiménez F, Pino-Ángeles A, Rodríguez-López R, Morales M, Urdiales JL. Structural and functional analogies and differences between histidine decarboxylase and aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase molecular networks: Biomedical implications. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:90-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Jurič DM, Kržan M, Lipnik-Stangelj M. Histamine and astrocyte function. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:774-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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De Deurwaerdère P, Di Giovanni G, Millan MJ. Expanding the repertoire of L-DOPA's actions: A comprehensive review of its functional neurochemistry. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 151:57-100. [PMID: 27389773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Though a multi-facetted disorder, Parkinson's disease is prototypically characterized by neurodegeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to a severe disruption of motor function. Accordingly, L-DOPA, the metabolic precursor of dopamine (DA), is well-established as a treatment for the motor deficits of Parkinson's disease despite long-term complications such as dyskinesia and psychiatric side-effects. Paradoxically, however, despite the traditional assumption that L-DOPA is transformed in residual striatal dopaminergic neurons into DA, the mechanism of action of L-DOPA is neither simple nor entirely clear. Herein, focussing on its influence upon extracellular DA and other neuromodulators in intact animals and experimental models of Parkinson's disease, we highlight effects other than striatal generation of DA in the functional profile of L-DOPA. While not excluding a minor role for glial cells, L-DOPA is principally transformed into DA in neurons yet, interestingly, with a more important role for serotonergic than dopaminergic projections. Moreover, in addition to the striatum, L-DOPA evokes marked increases in extracellular DA in frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, the subthalamic nucleus and additional extra-striatal regions. In considering its functional profile, it is also important to bear in mind the marked (probably indirect) influence of L-DOPA upon cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the basal ganglia and/or cortex, while anomalous serotonergic transmission is incriminated in the emergence of L-DOPA elicited dyskinesia and psychosis. Finally, L-DOPA may exert intrinsic receptor-mediated actions independently of DA neurotransmission and can be processed into bioactive metabolites. In conclusion, L-DOPA exerts a surprisingly complex pattern of neurochemical effects of much greater scope that mere striatal transformation into DA in spared dopaminergic neurons. Their further experimental and clinical clarification should help improve both L-DOPA-based and novel strategies for controlling the motor and other symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR CNRS 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Mark J Millan
- Institut de Recherche Servier, Pole for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, 78290 Croissy/Seine,Paris, France
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Crystal structure of tyrosine decarboxylase and identification of key residues involved in conformational swing and substrate binding. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27779. [PMID: 27292129 PMCID: PMC4904194 DOI: 10.1038/srep27779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) is a pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme and is mainly responsible for the synthesis of tyramine, an important biogenic amine. In this study, the crystal structures of the apo and holo forms of Lactobacillus brevis TDC (LbTDC) were determined. The LbTDC displays only 25% sequence identity with the only reported TDC structure. Site-directed mutagenesis of the conformationally flexible sites and catalytic center was performed to investigate the potential catalytic mechanism. It was found that H241 in the active site plays an important role in PLP binding because it has different conformations in the apo and holo structures of LbTDC. After binding to PLP, H241 rotated to the position adjacent to the PLP pyridine ring. Alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed several crucial regions that determine the substrate specificity and catalytic activity. Among the mutants, the S586A variant displayed increased catalytic efficiency and substrate affinity, which is attributed to decreased steric hindrance and increased hydrophobicity, as verified by the saturation mutagenesis at S586. Our results provide structural information about the residues important for the protein engineering of TDC to improve catalytic efficiency in the green manufacturing of tyramine.
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Latacz G, Kechagioglou P, Papi R, Łażewska D, Więcek M, Kamińska K, Wencel P, Karcz T, Schwed JS, Stark H, Kyriakidis DA, Kieć-Kononowicz K. The Synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine Derivatives and JNJ7777120 Analogues with Histamine H4Receptor Affinity and Their Interaction withPTENPromoter. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:254-63. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Medyczna 9 Kraków 30-688 Poland
| | - Petros Kechagioglou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki GR-54124 Greece
| | - Rigini Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki GR-54124 Greece
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Medyczna 9 Kraków 30-688 Poland
| | - Małgorzata Więcek
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Medyczna 9 Kraków 30-688 Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kamińska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Medyczna 9 Kraków 30-688 Poland
| | - Przemysław Wencel
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Medyczna 9 Kraków 30-688 Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Medyczna 9 Kraków 30-688 Poland
| | - Johannes S. Schwed
- Biozentrum; Goethe University; Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 Frankfurt/Main 60438 Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University; Universitaetsstr. 1 Duesseldorf 40225 Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Biozentrum; Goethe University; Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 Frankfurt/Main 60438 Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University; Universitaetsstr. 1 Duesseldorf 40225 Germany
| | - Dimitrios A. Kyriakidis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki GR-54124 Greece
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Medyczna 9 Kraków 30-688 Poland
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Montioli R, Paiardini A, Kurian MA, Dindo M, Rossignoli G, Heales SJR, Pope S, Voltattorni CB, Bertoldi M. The novel R347g pathogenic mutation of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase provides additional molecular insights into enzyme catalysis and deficiency. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:676-682. [PMID: 26994895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report here a clinical case of a patient with a novel mutation (Arg347→Gly) in the gene encoding aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) that is associated with AADC deficiency. The variant R347G in the purified recombinant form exhibits, similarly to the pathogenic mutation R347Q previously studied, a 475-fold drop of kcat compared to the wild-type enzyme. In attempting to unravel the reason(s) for this catalytic defect, we have carried out bioinformatics analyses of the crystal structure of AADC-carbidopa complex with the modelled catalytic loop (residues 328-339). Arg347 appears to interact with Phe103, as well as with both Leu333 and Asp345. We have then prepared and characterized the artificial F103L, R347K and D345A mutants. F103L, D345A and R347K exhibit about 13-, 97-, and 345-fold kcat decrease compared to the wild-type AADC, respectively. However, unlike F103L, the R347G, R347K and R347Q mutants as well as the D345A variant appear to be more defective in catalysis than in protein folding. Moreover, the latter mutants, unlike the wild-type protein and the F103L variant, share a peculiar binding mode of dopa methyl ester consisting of formation of a quinonoid intermediate. This finding strongly suggests that their catalytic defects are mainly due to a misplacement of the substrate at the active site. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of the Arg347-Leu333-Asp345 hydrogen-bonds network in the catalysis of AADC and reveal the molecular basis for the pathogenicity of the variants R347. Following the above results, a therapeutic treatment for patients bearing the mutation R347G is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Montioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", La Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mirco Dindo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Rossignoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simon J R Heales
- Clinical Chemistry, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UK
| | - Simon Pope
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UK
| | | | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Nitta Y, Yasukata F, Kitamoto N, Ito M, Sakaue M, Kikuzaki H, Ueno H. Inhibition of Morganella morganii Histidine Decarboxylase Activity and Histamine Accumulation in Mackerel Muscle Derived from Filipendula ulumaria Extracts. J Food Prot 2016; 79:463-7. [PMID: 26939657 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Filipendula ulmaria, also known as meadowsweet, is an herb; its extract was examined for the prevention of histamine production, primarily that caused by contaminated fish. The efficacy of meadowsweet was assessed using two parameters: inhibition of Morganella morganii histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and inhibition of histamine accumulation in mackerel. Ellagitannins from F. ulmaria (rugosin D, rugosin A methyl ester, tellimagrandin II, and rugosin A) were previously shown to be potent inhibitors of human HDC; and in the present work, these compounds inhibited M. morganii HDC, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 1.5, 4.4, 6.1, and 6.8 μM, respectively. Application of the extracts (at 2 wt%) to mackerel meat yielded significantly decreased histamine accumulation compared with treatment with phosphate-buffered saline as a control. Hence, F. ulmaria exhibits inhibitory activity against bacterial HDC and might be effective for preventing food poisoning caused by histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nitta
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan.
| | - Fumiko Yasukata
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Kitamoto
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ito
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Sakaue
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan
| | - Hiroe Kikuzaki
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
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Sun N, Tischfield JA, King RA, Heiman GA. Functional Evaluations of Genes Disrupted in Patients with Tourette's Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:11. [PMID: 26903887 PMCID: PMC4746269 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourette's disorder (TD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with complex genetic architecture and unclear neuropathology. Disruptions of particular genes have been identified in subsets of TD patients. However, none of the findings have been replicated, probably due to the complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture of TD that involves both common and rare variants. To understand the etiology of TD, functional analyses are required to characterize the molecular and cellular consequences caused by mutations in candidate genes. Such molecular and cellular alterations may converge into common biological pathways underlying the heterogeneous genetic etiology of TD patients. Herein, we review specific genes implicated in TD etiology, discuss the functions of these genes in the mammalian central nervous system and the corresponding behavioral anomalies exhibited in animal models, and importantly, review functional analyses that can be performed to evaluate the role(s) that the genetic disruptions might play in TD. Specifically, the functional assays include novel cell culture systems, genome editing techniques, bioinformatics approaches, transcriptomic analyses, and genetically modified animal models applied or developed to study genes associated with TD or with other neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. By describing methods used to study diseases with genetic architecture similar to TD, we hope to develop a systematic framework for investigating the etiology of TD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawei Sun
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jay A Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Robert A King
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Gary A Heiman
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Iida T, Yoshikawa T, Matsuzawa T, Naganuma F, Nakamura T, Miura Y, Mohsen AS, Harada R, Iwata R, Yanai K. Histamine H3 receptor in primary mouse microglia inhibits chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion. Glia 2015; 63:1213-25. [PMID: 25754956 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is a physiological amine which initiates a multitude of physiological responses by binding to four known G-protein coupled histamine receptor subtypes as follows: histamine H1 receptor (H1 R), H2 R, H3 R, and H4 R. Brain histamine elicits neuronal excitation and regulates a variety of physiological processes such as learning and memory, sleep-awake cycle and appetite regulation. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the brain, express histamine receptors; however, the effects of histamine on critical microglial functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion have not been examined in primary cells. We demonstrated that mouse primary microglia express H2 R, H3 R, histidine decarboxylase, a histamine synthase, and histamine N-methyltransferase, a histamine metabolizing enzyme. Both forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation and ATP-induced intracellular Ca(2+) transients were reduced by the H3 R agonist imetit but not the H2 R agonist amthamine. H3 R activation on two ubiquitous second messenger signalling pathways suggests that H3 R can regulate various microglial functions. In fact, histamine and imetit dose-dependently inhibited microglial chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production. Furthermore, we confirmed that microglia produced histamine in the presence of LPS, suggesting that H3 R activation regulate microglial function by autocrine and/or paracrine signalling. In conclusion, we demonstrate the involvement of histamine in primary microglial functions, providing the novel insight into physiological roles of brain histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Iida
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Japan; Cyclotron Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Japan
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Graf A, Meng F, Hargrove L, Kennedy L, Han Y, Francis T, Hodges K, Ueno Y, Nguyen Q, Greene JF, Francis H. Knockout of histidine decarboxylase decreases bile duct ligation-induced biliary hyperplasia via downregulation of the histidine decarboxylase/VEGF axis through PKA-ERK1/2 signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G813-23. [PMID: 25169977 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00188.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Histidine is converted to histamine by histidine decarboxylase (HDC). We have shown that cholangiocytes 1) express HDC, 2) secrete histamine, and 3) proliferate after histamine treatment via ERK1/2 signaling. In bile duct-ligated (BDL) rodents, there is enhanced biliary hyperplasia, HDC expression, and histamine secretion. This studied aimed to demonstrate that knockdown of HDC inhibits biliary proliferation via downregulation of PKA/ERK1/2 signaling. HDC(-/-) mice and matching wild-type (WT) were subjected to sham or BDL. After 1 wk, serum, liver blocks, and cholangiocytes were collected. Immunohistochemistry was performed for 1) hematoxylin and eosin, 2) intrahepatic bile duct mass (IBDM) by cytokeratin-19, and 3) HDC biliary expression. We measured serum and cholangiocyte histamine levels by enzyme immunoassay. In total liver or cholangiocytes, we studied: 1) HDC and VEGF/HIF-1α expression and 2) PCNA and PKA/ERK1/2 protein expression. In vitro, cholangiocytes were stably transfected with shRNA-HDC plasmids (or control). After transfection we evaluated pPKA, pERK1/2, and cholangiocyte proliferation by immunoblots and MTT assay. In BDL HDC(-/-) mice, there was decreased IBDM, PCNA, VEGF, and HDC expression compared with BDL WT mice. Histamine levels were decreased in BDL HDC(-/-). BDL HDC(-/-) livers were void of necrosis and inflammation compared with BDL WT. PKA/ERK1/2 protein expression (increased in WT BDL) was lower in BDL HDC(-/-) cholangiocytes. In vitro, knockdown of HDC decreased proliferation and protein expression of PKA/ERK1/2 compared with control. In conclusion, loss of HDC decreases BDL-induced biliary mass and VEGF/HIF-1α expression via PKA/ERK1/2 signaling. Our data suggest that HDC is a key regulator of biliary proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | | | | | - Yuyan Han
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | | | | | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Yamagata University, Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata, Japan; and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Heather Francis
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
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Discovery and characterization of gut microbiota decarboxylases that can produce the neurotransmitter tryptamine. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 16:495-503. [PMID: 25263219 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies describe the influence of the gut microbiota on host brain and behavior. However, the mechanisms responsible for microbiota-nervous system interactions are largely unknown. Using a combination of genetics, biochemistry, and crystallography, we identify and characterize two phylogenetically distinct enzymes found in the human microbiome that decarboxylate tryptophan to form the β-arylamine neurotransmitter tryptamine. Although this enzymatic activity is exceedingly rare among bacteria more broadly, analysis of the Human Microbiome Project data demonstrate that at least 10% of the human population harbors at least one bacterium encoding a tryptophan decarboxylase in their gut community. Our results uncover a previously unrecognized enzymatic activity that can give rise to host-modulatory compounds and suggests a potential direct mechanism by which gut microbiota can influence host physiology, including behavior.
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Mohsen A, Yoshikawa T, Miura Y, Nakamura T, Naganuma F, Shibuya K, Iida T, Harada R, Okamura N, Watanabe T, Yanai K. Mechanism of the histamine H3 receptor-mediated increase in exploratory locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviours in mice. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:188-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ren J, Zhang Y, Jin H, Yu J, Zhou Y, Wu F, Zhang W. Novel inhibitors of human DOPA decarboxylase extracted from Euonymus glabra Roxb. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:897-903. [PMID: 24471650 DOI: 10.1021/cb500009r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine, a biogenic amine with important biological functions, is produced from l-DOPA by DOPA decarboxylase (DDC). DDC is a potential target to modulate the production of dopamine in several pathological states. Known inhibitors of DDC have been used for treatment of Parkinson's disease but suffered low specificity and diverse side effects. In the present study, we identified and characterized a novel class of natural-product-based selective inhibitors for DDC from the extract of Euonymus glabra Roxb. by a newly developed high-throughput enzyme assay. The structures of these inhibitors are dimeric diarylpropane, a unique chemical structure containing a divalent dopamine motif. The most effective inhibitors 5 and 6 have an IC50 of 11.5 ± 1.6 and 21.6 ± 2.7 μM in an in vitro purified enzyme assay, respectively, but did not inhibit other homologous enzymes. Compound 5 but not 6 dose-dependently suppressed the activity of hDDC and dopamine levels at low micromolar concentrations in cells. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship analyses revealed that p-benzoquinone might be a crucial moiety of these inhibitors for inhibiting hDDC. The natural-product-based selective inhibitors of hDDC could serve as a chemical lead for developing improved drugs for dopamine-related disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,
Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Mammalian Dopa decarboxylase: structure, catalytic activity and inhibition. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 546:1-7. [PMID: 24407024 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian Dopa decarboxylase catalyzes the conversion of L-Dopa and L-5-hydroxytryptophan to dopamine and serotonin, respectively. Both of them are biologically active neurotransmitters whose levels should be finely tuned. In fact, an altered concentration of dopamine is the cause of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. The chemistry of the enzyme is based on the features of its coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). The cofactor is highly reactive and able to perform multiple reactions, besides decarboxylation, such as oxidative deamination, half-transamination and Pictet-Spengler cyclization. The structure resolution shows that the enzyme has a dimeric arrangement and provides a molecular basis to identify the residues involved in each catalytic activity. This information has been combined with kinetic studies under steady-state and pre-steady-state conditions as a function of pH to shed light on residues important for catalysis. A great effort in DDC research is devoted to design efficient and specific inhibitors in addition to those already used in therapy that are not highly specific and are responsible for the side effects exerted by clinical approach to either Parkinson's disease or aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency.
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