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Brady EB, McQuillan M, Medeiros AT, Bubacco L, Sousa R, Lafer EM, Morgan JR. Hsc70 rescues the synaptic vesicle trafficking defects caused by α-synuclein dimers. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000737. [PMID: 36938331 PMCID: PMC10018313 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant buildup of α-synuclein is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. At synapses, α-synuclein accumulation leads to severe synaptic vesicle trafficking defects. We previously demonstrated that different molecular species of α-synuclein produce distinct effects on synaptic vesicle recycling, and that the synaptic phenotypes caused by monomeric α-synuclein were ameliorated by Hsc70. Here, we tested whether Hsc70 could also correct synaptic deficits induced by α-synuclein dimers. Indeed, co-injection of Hsc70 with α-synuclein dimers completely reversed the synaptic deficits, resulting in synapses with normal appearance. This work lends additional support for pursuing chaperone-based strategies to treat PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Brady
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Molly McQuillan
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Audrey T. Medeiros
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Veneto, Italy
| | - Rui Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Eileen M. Lafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Morgan
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
- Correspondence to: Jennifer R. Morgan (
)
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2
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Borland H, Rasmussen I, Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Rasmussen M, Olsen A, Vilhardt F. α-synuclein build-up is alleviated via ESCRT-dependent endosomal degradation brought about by p38MAPK inhibition in cells expressing p25α. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102531. [PMID: 36162505 PMCID: PMC9637583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synucleinopathy is driven by an imbalance of synthesis and degradation of α-synuclein (αSyn), causing a build up of αSyn aggregates and post-translationally modified species, which not only interfere with normal cellular metabolism but also by their secretion propagates the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of αSyn degradation pathways is needed to address α-synucleinopathy. Here, we used the nerve growth factor–differentiated catecholaminergic PC12 neuronal cell line, which was conferred α-synucleinopathy by inducible expression of αSyn and tubulin polymerization-promoting protein p25α. p25α aggregates αSyn, and imposes a partial autophagosome–lysosome block to mimic aspects of lysosomal deficiency common in neurodegenerative disease. Under basal conditions, αSyn was degraded by multiple pathways but most prominently by macroautophagy and Nedd4/Ndfip1-mediated degradation. We found that expression of p25α induced strong p38MAPK activity. Remarkably, when opposed by inhibitor SB203580 or p38MAPK shRNA knockdown, endolysosomal localization and degradation of αSyn increased, and αSyn secretion and cytotoxicity decreased. This effect was specifically dependent on Hsc70 and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery, but different from classical microautophagy, as the αSyn Hsc70 binding motif was unnecessary. Furthermore, in a primary neuronal (h)-αSyn seeding model, p38MAPK inhibition decreased pathological accumulation of phosphorylated serine-129-αSyn and cytotoxicity. In conclusion, p38MAPK inhibition shifts αSyn degradation from various forms of autophagy to an endosomal sorting complex required for transport–dependent uptake mechanism, resulting in increased αSyn turnover and cell viability in p25α-expressing cells. More generally, our results suggest that under conditions of autophagolysosomal malfunction, the uninterrupted endosomal pathway offers a possibility to achieve disease-associated protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Borland
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark; Dept. of Cell Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - Izabela Rasmussen
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
| | | | - Michel Rasmussen
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
| | - Anders Olsen
- Dept. of Chemistry and Bioscience, The Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
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3
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Structural mapping techniques distinguish the surfaces of fibrillar 1N3R and 1N4R human tau. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101252. [PMID: 34592311 PMCID: PMC8551503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The rigid core of intracellular tau filaments from Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pick's disease (PiD), and Corticobasal disease (CBD) brains has been shown to differ in their cryo-EM atomic structure. Despite providing critical information on the intimate arrangement of a fraction of htau molecule within the fibrillar scaffold, the cryo-EM studies neither yield a complete picture of tau fibrillar assemblies structure nor contribute insights into the surfaces that define their interactions with numerous cellular components. Here, using proteomic approaches such as proteolysis and molecular covalent painting, we mapped the exposed amino acid stretches at the surface and those constituting the fibrillar core of in vitro-assembled fibrils of human htau containing one N-terminal domain and three (1N3R) or four (1N4R) C-terminal microtubule-binding repeat domains as a result of alternative splicing. Using limited proteolysis, we identified the proteolytic fragments composing the molecular “bar-code” for each type of fibril. Our results are in agreement with structural data reported for filamentous tau from AD, PiD, and CBD cases predigested with the protease pronase. Finally, we report two amino acid stretches, exposed to the solvent in 1N4R not in 1N3R htau, which distinguish the surfaces of these two kinds of fibrils. Our findings open new perspectives for the design of highly specific ligands with diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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4
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De Mattos EP, Wentink A, Nussbaum-Krammer C, Hansen C, Bergink S, Melki R, Kampinga HH. Protein Quality Control Pathways at the Crossroad of Synucleinopathies. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 10:369-382. [PMID: 31985474 PMCID: PMC7242842 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, and many others converge at alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation. Although it is still not entirely clear what precise biophysical processes act as triggers, cumulative evidence points towards a crucial role for protein quality control (PQC) systems in modulating α-Syn aggregation and toxicity. These encompass distinct cellular strategies that tightly balance protein production, stability, and degradation, ultimately regulating α-Syn levels. Here, we review the main aspects of α-Syn biology, focusing on the cellular PQC components that are at the heart of recognizing and disposing toxic, aggregate-prone α-Syn assemblies: molecular chaperones and the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosome pathway, respectively. A deeper understanding of these basic protein homeostasis mechanisms might contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies envisioning the prevention and/or enhanced degradation of α-Syn aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P De Mattos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hansen
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institute Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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5
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Oliveira LMA, Gasser T, Edwards R, Zweckstetter M, Melki R, Stefanis L, Lashuel HA, Sulzer D, Vekrellis K, Halliday GM, Tomlinson JJ, Schlossmacher M, Jensen PH, Schulze-Hentrich J, Riess O, Hirst WD, El-Agnaf O, Mollenhauer B, Lansbury P, Outeiro TF. Alpha-synuclein research: defining strategic moves in the battle against Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:65. [PMID: 34312398 PMCID: PMC8313662 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the genetic era in Parkinson's disease (PD) research in 1997, α-synuclein was identified as an important player in a complex neurodegenerative disease that affects >10 million people worldwide. PD has been estimated to have an economic impact of $51.9 billion in the US alone. Since the initial association with PD, hundreds of researchers have contributed to elucidating the functions of α-synuclein in normal and pathological states, and these remain critical areas for continued research. With this position paper the authors strive to achieve two goals: first, to succinctly summarize the critical features that define α-synuclein's varied roles, as they are known today; and second, to identify the most pressing knowledge gaps and delineate a multipronged strategy for future research with the goal of enabling therapies to stop or slow disease progression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M A Oliveira
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julianna J Tomlinson
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Schlossmacher
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine & DANDRITE, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Schulze-Hentrich
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Tiago F Outeiro
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
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6
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Pinkerton M, Ruetenik A, Bazylianska V, Nyvltova E, Barrientos A. Salvage NAD+ biosynthetic pathway enzymes moonlight as molecular chaperones to protect against proteotoxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:672-686. [PMID: 33749726 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neurodegenerative proteinopathies are disorders associated with abnormal protein depositions in brain neurons. They include polyglutamine (polyQ) conditions such as Huntington's disease (HD) and α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Overexpression of NMNAT/Nma1, an enzyme in the NAD+ biosynthetic salvage pathway, acts as an efficient suppressor of proteotoxicities in yeast, fly and mouse models. Screens in yeast models of HD and PD allowed us to identify three additional enzymes of the same pathway that achieve similar protection against proteotoxic stress: Npt1, Pnc1 and Qns1. The mechanism by which these proteins maintain proteostasis has not been identified. Here, we report that their ability to maintain proteostasis in yeast models of HD and PD is independent of their catalytic activity and does not require cellular protein quality control systems such as the proteasome or autophagy. Furthermore, we show that, under proteotoxic stress, the four proteins are recruited as molecular chaperones with holdase and foldase activities. The NAD+ salvage proteins act by preventing misfolding and, together with the Hsp90 chaperone, promoting the refolding of extended polyQ domains and α-synuclein (α-Syn). Our results illustrate the existence of an evolutionarily conserved strategy of repurposing or moonlighting housekeeping enzymes under stress conditions to maintain proteostasis. We conclude that the entire salvage NAD+ biosynthetic pathway links NAD+ metabolism and proteostasis and emerges as a target for therapeutics to combat age-associated neurodegenerative proteotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Pinkerton
- Department of Neurology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Andrea Ruetenik
- Department of Neurology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Viktoriia Bazylianska
- Department of Neurology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,MS in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine. Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eva Nyvltova
- Department of Neurology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Miami, FL 33136, USA
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7
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Tao J, Berthet A, Citron YR, Tsiolaki PL, Stanley R, Gestwicki JE, Agard DA, McConlogue L. Hsp70 chaperone blocks α-synuclein oligomer formation via a novel engagement mechanism. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100613. [PMID: 33798554 PMCID: PMC8102405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and aggregation of α-synuclein (ASyn) are linked to the onset and pathology of Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. Elevated levels of the stress-induced chaperone Hsp70 protect against ASyn misfolding and ASyn-driven neurodegeneration in cell and animal models, yet there is minimal mechanistic understanding of this important protective pathway. It is generally assumed that Hsp70 binds to ASyn using its canonical and promiscuous substrate-binding cleft to limit aggregation. Here we report that this activity is due to a novel and unexpected mode of Hsp70 action, involving neither ATP nor the typical substrate-binding cleft. We use novel ASyn oligomerization assays to show that Hsp70 directly blocks ASyn oligomerization, an early event in ASyn misfolding. Using truncations, mutations, and inhibitors, we confirm that Hsp70 interacts with ASyn via an as yet unidentified, noncanonical interaction site in the C-terminal domain. Finally, we report a biological role for a similar mode of action in H4 neuroglioma cells. Together, these findings suggest that new chemical approaches will be required to target the Hsp70-ASyn interaction in synucleinopathies. Such approaches are likely to be more specific than targeting Hsp70's canonical action. Additionally, these results raise the question of whether other misfolded proteins might also engage Hsp70 via the same noncanonical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amandine Berthet
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, The Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Y Rose Citron
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paraskevi L Tsiolaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Stanley
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, The Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David A Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Lisa McConlogue
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, The Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA.
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8
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Banks SML, Medeiros AT, Sousa R, Lafer EM, Morgan JR. Chaperone proteins as ameliorators of α-synuclein-induced synaptic pathologies: insights into Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1198-1199. [PMID: 33269774 PMCID: PMC8224136 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M L Banks
- Department of Biology, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL; The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology & Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Audrey T Medeiros
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI; The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology & Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Rui Sousa
- Biology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eileen M Lafer
- Biology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer R Morgan
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology & Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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9
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Wentink AS, Nillegoda NB, Feufel J, Ubartaitė G, Schneider CP, De Los Rios P, Hennig J, Barducci A, Bukau B. Molecular dissection of amyloid disaggregation by human HSP70. Nature 2020; 587:483-488. [PMID: 33177717 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of highly ordered fibrillar-type aggregates into inclusion bodies is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The high stability of such amyloid fibril aggregates makes them challenging substrates for the cellular protein quality-control machinery1,2. However, the human HSP70 chaperone and its co-chaperones DNAJB1 and HSP110 can dissolve preformed fibrils of the Parkinson's disease-linked presynaptic protein α-synuclein in vitro3,4. The underlying mechanisms of this unique activity remain poorly understood. Here we use biochemical tools and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the crucial steps of the disaggregation process of amyloid fibrils. We find that DNAJB1 specifically recognizes the oligomeric form of α-synuclein via multivalent interactions, and selectively targets HSP70 to fibrils. HSP70 and DNAJB1 interact with the fibril through exposed, flexible amino and carboxy termini of α-synuclein rather than the amyloid core itself. The synergistic action of DNAJB1 and HSP110 strongly accelerates disaggregation by facilitating the loading of several HSP70 molecules in a densely packed arrangement at the fibril surface, which is ideal for the generation of 'entropic pulling' forces. The cooperation of DNAJB1 and HSP110 in amyloid disaggregation goes beyond the classical substrate targeting and recycling functions that are attributed to these HSP70 co-chaperones and constitutes an active and essential contribution to the remodelling of the amyloid substrate. These mechanistic insights into the essential prerequisites for amyloid disaggregation may provide a basis for new therapeutic interventions in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Feufel
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabrielė Ubartaitė
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolyn P Schneider
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo De Los Rios
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janosch Hennig
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Barducci
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Tittelmeier J, Nachman E, Nussbaum-Krammer C. Molecular Chaperones: A Double-Edged Sword in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:581374. [PMID: 33132902 PMCID: PMC7572858 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.581374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant accumulation of misfolded proteins into amyloid deposits is a hallmark in many age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Pathological inclusions and the associated toxicity appear to spread through the nervous system in a characteristic pattern during the disease. This has been attributed to a prion-like behavior of amyloid-type aggregates, which involves self-replication of the pathological conformation, intercellular transfer, and the subsequent seeding of native forms of the same protein in the neighboring cell. Molecular chaperones play a major role in maintaining cellular proteostasis by assisting the (re)-folding of cellular proteins to ensure their function or by promoting the degradation of terminally misfolded proteins to prevent damage. With increasing age, however, the capacity of this proteostasis network tends to decrease, which enables the manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, there has been a plethora of studies investigating how and when chaperones interact with disease-related proteins, which have advanced our understanding of the role of chaperones in protein misfolding diseases. This review article focuses on the steps of prion-like propagation from initial misfolding and self-templated replication to intercellular spreading and discusses the influence that chaperones have on these various steps, highlighting both the positive and adverse consequences chaperone action can have. Understanding how chaperones alleviate and aggravate disease progression is vital for the development of therapeutic strategies to combat these debilitating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tittelmeier
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eliana Nachman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Polypeptides derived from α-Synuclein binding partners to prevent α-Synuclein fibrils interaction with and take-up by cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237328. [PMID: 32790707 PMCID: PMC7425896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) fibrils spread from one neuronal cell to another. This prion-like phenomenon is believed to contribute to the progression of the pathology in Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies. The binding of αSyn fibrils originating from affected cells to the plasma membrane of naïve cells is key in their prion-like propagation propensity. To interfere with this process, we designed polypeptides derived from proteins we previously showed to interact with αSyn fibrils, namely the molecular chaperone Hsc70 and the sodium/potassium pump NaK-ATPase and assessed their capacity to bind αSyn fibrils and/or interfere with their take-up by cells of neuronal origin. We demonstrate here that polypeptides that coat αSyn fibrils surfaces in such a way that they are changed affect αSyn fibrils binding to the plasma membrane components and/or their take-up by cells. Altogether our observations suggest that the rationale design of αSyn fibrils polypeptide binders that interfere with their propagation between neuronal cells holds therapeutic potential.
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12
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Bendifallah M, Redeker V, Monsellier E, Bousset L, Bellande T, Melki R. Interaction of the chaperones alpha B-crystallin and CHIP with fibrillar alpha-synuclein: Effects on internalization by cells and identification of interacting interfaces. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:760-769. [PMID: 32430178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The spread of fibrillar alpha-synuclein from affected to naïve neuronal cells is thought to contribute to the progression of synucleinopathies. The binding of fibrillar alpha-synuclein to the plasma membrane is key in this process. We and others previously showed that coating fibrillar alpha-synuclein by the molecular chaperone Hsc70 affects fibrils properties. Here we assessed the effect of the two molecular chaperones alpha B-crystallin and CHIP on alpha-synuclein fibrils uptake by Neuro-2a cells. We demonstrate that both chaperones diminish fibrils take up by cells. We identify through a cross-linking and mass spectrometry strategy the interaction interfaces between alpha-synuclein fibrils and alpha B-crystallin or CHIP. Our results open the way for designing chaperone-derived polypeptide binders that interfere with the propagation of pathogenic alpha-synuclein assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Bendifallah
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Virginie Redeker
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Elodie Monsellier
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Tracy Bellande
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Hsc70 Ameliorates the Vesicle Recycling Defects Caused by Excess α-Synuclein at Synapses. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0448-19.2020. [PMID: 31941659 PMCID: PMC7031854 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0448-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein overexpression and aggregation are linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and several other neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to effects in the cell body, α-synuclein accumulation occurs at presynapses where the protein is normally localized. While it is generally agreed that excess α-synuclein impairs synaptic vesicle trafficking, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. α-Synuclein overexpression and aggregation are linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and several other neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to effects in the cell body, α-synuclein accumulation occurs at presynapses where the protein is normally localized. While it is generally agreed that excess α-synuclein impairs synaptic vesicle trafficking, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We show here that acute introduction of excess human α-synuclein at a classic vertebrate synapse, the lamprey reticulospinal (RS) synapse, selectively impaired the uncoating of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) during synaptic vesicle recycling, leading to an increase in endocytic intermediates and a severe depletion of synaptic vesicles. Furthermore, human α-synuclein and lamprey γ-synuclein both interact in vitro with Hsc70, the chaperone protein that uncoats CCVs at synapses. After introducing excess α-synuclein, Hsc70 availability was reduced at stimulated synapses, suggesting Hsc70 sequestration as a possible mechanism underlying the synaptic vesicle trafficking defects. In support of this hypothesis, increasing the levels of exogenous Hsc70 along with α-synuclein ameliorated the CCV uncoating and vesicle recycling defects. These experiments identify a reduction in Hsc70 availability at synapses, and consequently its function, as the mechanism by which α-synuclein induces synaptic vesicle recycling defects. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a viable chaperone-based strategy for reversing the synaptic vesicle trafficking defects associated with excess α-synuclein, which may be of value for improving synaptic function in PD and other synuclein-linked diseases.
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Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Mouse Models with MPTP-Induced Early Stages of Parkinson’s Disease Reveals Stage-Specific Response of Transcriptome and a Possible Role of Myelin-Linked Genes in Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7229-7241. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Differential Alterations in Metabolism and Proteolysis-Related Proteins in Human Parkinson's Disease Substantia Nigra. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:560-568. [PMID: 29218503 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, with the majority of cases being sporadic or "idiopathic". The aetiology of the sporadic form is still unknown, but there is a broad consensus that Parkinson's disease involves multiple pathways. In previous human post-mortem studies investigating substantia nigra of parkinsonian subjects, gene expression alterations in various metabolic pathways including protein folding, trafficking, aggregation, ubiquitination and oxidative stress were found. These studies revealed transcriptomic dysregulation of various genes, amongst others Skp1A and PSMC4 (part of ubiquitin-proteasome system), HSC70 (belonging to the chaperone family) and ALDH1A1 (an enzyme involved in the catabolism of dopamine). To investigate whether these alterations are manifested at the protein level, we performed immunohistochemical analysis in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease and compared them to Alzheimer's disease and non-neurological post-mortem controls. We were able to confirm cell-specific reductions in the protein content of ALHD1A1 and Skp1A in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra of Parkinsonian patients compared to Alzheimer's and control subjects. Furthermore, we observed particular distribution for HSC70 and PSMC4 in the cytoplasm and accumulation within Lewy body in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in Parkinson patients. These findings, together with previous evidence, suggest a malfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome and possible autophagy systems as major players in protein misfolding and aggregation in Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, this needs further proof, possibly with trajectory time line.
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16
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Wang B, Abraham N, Gao G, Yang Q. Dysregulation of autophagy and mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2016; 5:19. [PMID: 27822367 PMCID: PMC5087125 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-016-0065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Increasing evidence supports that dysregulation of autophagy and mitochondrial function are closely related with PD pathogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarized autophagy pathway, which consists of macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Then, we discussed the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD pathogenesis. We specifically reviewed the recent developments in the relationship among several PD related genes, autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction, followed by the therapeutic implications of these pathways. In conclusion, we propose that autophagy activity and mitochondrial homeostasis are of high importance in the pathogenesis of PD. Better understanding of these pathways can shed light on the novel therapeutic methods for PD prevention and amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038 Shaanxi Province China ; Department of Neurology, Beth Isreal Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215 MA USA
| | - Neeta Abraham
- Department of Neurology, Beth Isreal Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215 MA USA
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038 Shaanxi Province China
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Melki R. Role of Different Alpha-Synuclein Strains in Synucleinopathies, Similarities with other Neurodegenerative Diseases. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 5:217-27. [PMID: 25757830 PMCID: PMC4923763 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded protein aggregates are the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases in humans. The main protein constituent of these aggregates and the regions within the brain that are affected differ from one neurodegenerative disorder to another. A plethora of reports suggest that distinct diseases have in common the ability of protein aggregates to spread and amplify within the central nervous system. This review summarizes briefly what is known about the nature of the protein aggregates that are infectious and the reason they are toxic to cells. The chameleon property of polypeptides which aggregation into distinct high-molecular weight assemblies is associated to different diseases, in particular, that of alpha-synuclein which aggregation is the hallmark of distinct synucleinopathies, is discussed. Finally, strategies targeting the formation and propagation of structurally distinct alpha-synuclein assemblies associated to different synucleinopathies are presented and their therapeutic and diagnostic potential is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Melki
- Correspondence to: Ronald Melki, Neuro Psi, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Tel.: +33 169823503; Fax: +33 169823129;
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18
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Rémion A, Khoder-Agha F, Cornu D, Argentini M, Redeker V, Mirande M. Identification of protein interfaces within the multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex: the case of lysyl-tRNA synthetase and the scaffold protein p38. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:696-706. [PMID: 27398309 PMCID: PMC4932449 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytoplasmic lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is associated within a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). Within this complex, the p38 component is the scaffold protein that binds the catalytic domain of LysRS via its N-terminal region. In addition to its translational function when associated to the MSC, LysRS is also recruited in nontranslational roles after dissociation from the MSC. The balance between its MSC-associated and MSC-dissociated states is essential to regulate the functions of LysRS in cellular homeostasis. With the aim of understanding the rules that govern association of LysRS in the MSC, we analyzed the protein interfaces between LysRS and the full-length version of p38, the scaffold protein of the MSC. In a previous study, the cocrystal structure of LysRS with a N-terminal peptide of p38 was reported [Ofir-Birin Y et al. (2013) Mol Cell 49, 30-42]. In order to identify amino acid residues involved in interaction of the two proteins, the non-natural, photo-cross-linkable amino acid p-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine (Bpa) was incorporated at 27 discrete positions within the catalytic domain of LysRS. Among the 27 distinct LysRS mutants, only those with Bpa inserted in place of Lys356 or His364 were cross-linked with p38. Using mass spectrometry, we unambiguously identified the protein interface of the cross-linked complex and showed that Lys356 and His364 of LysRS interact with the peptide from Pro8 to Arg26 in native p38, in agreement with the published cocrystal structure. This interface, which in LysRS is located on the opposite side of the dimer to the site of interaction with its tRNA substrate, defines the core region of the MSC. The residues identified herein in human LysRS are not conserved in yeast LysRS, an enzyme that does not associate within the MSC, and contrast with the residues proposed to be essential for LysRS:p38 association in the earlier work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azaria Rémion
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales (LEBS) CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Fawzi Khoder-Agha
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales (LEBS) CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) CEACNRS Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - David Cornu
- Service d'identification et de Caractérisation des Protéines par Spectrométrie de Masse (SICaPS) CEA CNRS Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Manuela Argentini
- Service d'identification et de Caractérisation des Protéines par Spectrométrie de Masse (SICaPS) CEA CNRS Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Virginie Redeker
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales (LEBS) CNRSGif-sur-Yvette France; Service d'identification et de Caractérisation des Protéines par Spectrométrie de Masse (SICaPS) CEACNRS Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France; Present address: Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI) CNRS 1 avenue de la Terrasse 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Marc Mirande
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales (LEBS) CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) CEACNRS Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France
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19
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Yi Z, Manil-Ségalen M, Sago L, Glatigny A, Redeker V, Legouis R, Mucchielli-Giorgi MH. SAFER, an Analysis Method of Quantitative Proteomic Data, Reveals New Interactors of the C. elegans Autophagic Protein LGG-1. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1515-23. [PMID: 26999449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Affinity purifications followed by mass spectrometric analysis are used to identify protein-protein interactions. Because quantitative proteomic data are noisy, it is necessary to develop statistical methods to eliminate false-positives and identify true partners. We present here a novel approach for filtering false interactors, named "SAFER" for mass Spectrometry data Analysis by Filtering of Experimental Replicates, which is based on the reproducibility of the replicates and the fold-change of the protein intensities between bait and control. To identify regulators or targets of autophagy, we characterized the interactors of LGG1, a ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagosome formation in C. elegans. LGG-1 partners were purified by affinity, analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS mass spectrometry, and quantified by a label-free proteomic approach based on the mass spectrometric signal intensity of peptide precursor ions. Because the selection of confident interactions depends on the method used for statistical analysis, we compared SAFER with several statistical tests and different scoring algorithms on this set of data. We show that SAFER recovers high-confidence interactors that have been ignored by the other methods and identified new candidates involved in the autophagy process. We further validated our method on a public data set and conclude that SAFER notably improves the identification of protein interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yi
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Marion Manil-Ségalen
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Laila Sago
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.,Service d'Identification et de Caractérisation des Protéines par Spectrométrie de masse (SICaPS), CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Annie Glatigny
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Virginie Redeker
- Service d'Identification et de Caractérisation des Protéines par Spectrométrie de masse (SICaPS), CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Renaud Legouis
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Mucchielli-Giorgi
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.,Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, UFR927, F-75005, Paris, France
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20
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Probing the solution structure of Factor H using hydroxyl radical protein footprinting and cross-linking. Biochem J 2016; 473:1805-19. [PMID: 27099340 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The control protein Factor H (FH) is a crucial regulator of the innate immune complement system, where it is active on host cell membranes and in the fluid phase. Mutations impairing the binding capacity of FH lead to severe autoimmune diseases. Here, we studied the solution structure of full-length FH, in its free state and bound to the C3b complement protein. To do so, we used two powerful techniques, hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HRPF) and chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), to probe the structural rearrangements and to identify protein interfaces. The footprint of C3b on the FH surface matches existing crystal structures of C3b complexed with the N- and C-terminal fragments of FH. In addition, we revealed the position of the central portion of FH in the protein complex. Moreover, cross-linking studies confirmed the involvement of the C-terminus in the dimerization of FH.
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21
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CSF Nrf2 and HSPA8 in Parkinson's disease patients with and without LRRK2 gene mutations. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:179-87. [PMID: 26526034 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene mutations are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). CSF specimens from LRRK2 + PD patients and healthy LRRK2 mutation carriers are, therefore, useful for biomarker studies. This study examined the hypothesis that differences are present between subjects with sporadic PD (sPD), PD carriers of LRRK2 mutations (LRRK2 + PD), healthy control subjects lacking LRRK2 mutations (CTL), and LRRK2 mutation-carrying healthy controls (LRRK2 + CTL) for CSF concentrations of six potential PD biomarkers. Two of these proteins, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 ("Nrf2") and heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 ("HSPA8"), were detected in preliminary ELISAs, then measured in a larger cohort (60 sPD, 10 LRRK2 + PD, 23 CTL, 31 LRRK2 + CTL). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups (Nrf2 p = 0.13, HSPA8 p = 0.21). Nrf2 concentrations in LRRK2 + PD subjects were strongly positively associated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total and motor scores [Spearman rho = 0.77 (p = 0.012) and 0.83 (p = 0.005)] and negatively associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores (rho = -0.57; p = 0.11). Partial correlation coefficient calculations indicated that disease duration contributed to the associations of Nrf2 levels with UPDRS scores and with MoCA scores in this group. While CSF Nrf2 and HSPA8 do not appear to offer diagnostic biomarkers for PD, the associations between Nrf2 levels and UPDRS scores in LRRK2 + PD patients merit further investigation.
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22
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Peelaerts W, Bousset L, Van der Perren A, Moskalyuk A, Pulizzi R, Giugliano M, Van den Haute C, Melki R, Baekelandt V. α-Synuclein strains cause distinct synucleinopathies after local and systemic administration. Nature 2015; 522:340-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 801] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Smith HL, Li W, Cheetham ME. Molecular chaperones and neuronal proteostasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 40:142-52. [PMID: 25770416 PMCID: PMC4471145 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for maintaining the functionality of the proteome. The disruption of proteostasis, due to genetic mutations or an age-related decline, leads to aberrantly folded proteins that typically lose their function. The accumulation of misfolded and aggregated protein is also cytotoxic and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurons have developed an intrinsic protein quality control network, of which molecular chaperones are an essential component. Molecular chaperones function to promote efficient folding and target misfolded proteins for refolding or degradation. Increasing molecular chaperone expression can suppress protein aggregation and toxicity in numerous models of neurodegenerative disease; therefore, molecular chaperones are considered exciting therapeutic targets. Furthermore, mutations in several chaperones cause inherited neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on the importance of molecular chaperones in neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss the advances in understanding their protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Smith
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Wenwen Li
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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24
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Triplett JC, Zhang Z, Sultana R, Cai J, Klein JB, Büeler H, Butterfield DA. Quantitative expression proteomics and phosphoproteomics profile of brain from PINK1 knockout mice: insights into mechanisms of familial Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2015; 133:750-65. [PMID: 25626353 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related, neurodegenerative motor disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and presence of α-synuclein-containing protein aggregates. Mutations in the mitochondrial Ser/Thr kinase PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) are associated with an autosomal recessive familial form of early-onset PD. Recent studies have suggested that PINK1 plays important neuroprotective roles against mitochondrial dysfunction by phosphorylating and recruiting Parkin, a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase, to facilitate elimination of damaged mitochondria via autophagy-lysosomal pathways. Loss of PINK1 in cells and animals leads to various mitochondrial impairments and oxidative stress, culminating in dopaminergic neuronal death in humans. Using a 2-D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis proteomics approach, the differences in expressed brain proteome and phosphoproteome between 6-month-old PINK1-deficient mice and wild-type mice were identified. The observed changes in the brain proteome and phosphoproteome of mice lacking PINK1 suggest that defects in signaling networks, energy metabolism, cellular proteostasis, and neuronal structure and plasticity are involved in the pathogenesis of familial PD. Mutations in PINK1 are associated with an early-onset form of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examines changes in the proteome and phosphoproteome of the PINK1 knockout mouse brain. Alterations were noted in several key proteins associated with: increased oxidative stress, aberrant cellular signaling, altered neuronal structure, decreased synaptic plasticity, reduced neurotransmission, diminished proteostasis networks, and altered metabolism. 14-3-3ε, 14-3-3 protein epsilon; 3-PGDH, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; ALDOA, aldolase A; APT1, acyl-protein thioesterase 1; CaM, calmodulin; CBR3, carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 3; ENO2, gamma-enolase; HPRT, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; HSP70, heat-shock-related 70 kDa protein 2; IDHc, cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP+]; MAPK1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MEK1, MAP kinase kinase 1; MDHc, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase; NFM, neurofilament medium polypeptide; NSF, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein; PHB, prohibitin; PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1; PPIaseA, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A; PSA2, proteasome subunit alpha type-2; TK, transketolase; VDAC-2, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy C Triplett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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25
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Nury C, Redeker V, Dautrey S, Romieu A, van der Rest G, Renard PY, Melki R, Chamot-Rooke J. A Novel Bio-Orthogonal Cross-Linker for Improved Protein/Protein Interaction Analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1853-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503892c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Nury
- Structural Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Redeker
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Dautrey
- Normandie Université, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038; UNIV Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF, 1, rue Tesnières, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Anthony Romieu
- ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103, Boulevard
Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Université, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038; UNIV Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF, 1, rue Tesnières, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Structural Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
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Monsellier E, Redeker V, Ruiz-Arlandis G, Bousset L, Melki R. Molecular interaction between the chaperone Hsc70 and the N-terminal flank of huntingtin exon 1 modulates aggregation. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2560-76. [PMID: 25505179 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.603332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of polyglutamine (polyQ)-containing proteins is at the origin of nine neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular chaperones prevent the aggregation of polyQ-containing proteins. The exact mechanism by which they interact with polyQ-containing, aggregation-prone proteins and interfere with their assembly is unknown. Here we dissect the mechanism of interaction between a huntingtin exon 1 fragment of increasing polyQ lengths (HttEx1Qn), the aggregation of which is tightly associated with Huntington's disease, and molecular chaperone Hsc70. We show that Hsc70, together with its Hsp40 co-chaperones, inhibits HttEx1Qn aggregation and modifies the structural, seeding, and infectious properties of the resulting fibrils in a polyQ-independent manner. We demonstrate that Hsc70 binds the 17-residue-long N-terminal flank of HttEx1Qn, and we map Hsc70-HttEx1Qn surface interfaces at the residue level. Finally, we show that this interaction competes with homotypic interactions between the N termini of different HttEx1Qn molecules that trigger the aggregation process. Our results lay the foundations of future therapeutic strategies targeting huntingtin aggregation in Huntington disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Monsellier
- From the Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Virginie Redeker
- From the Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Arlandis
- From the Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- From the Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- From the Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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27
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Theillet FX, Binolfi A, Frembgen-Kesner T, Hingorani K, Sarkar M, Kyne C, Li C, Crowley PB, Gierasch L, Pielak GJ, Elcock AH, Gershenson A, Selenko P. Physicochemical properties of cells and their effects on intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Chem Rev 2014; 114:6661-714. [PMID: 24901537 PMCID: PMC4095937 DOI: 10.1021/cr400695p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, In-cell NMR Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres Binolfi
- Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, In-cell NMR Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Frembgen-Kesner
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton
Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Karan Hingorani
- Departments
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Program in
Molecular & Cellular Biology, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mohona Sarkar
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ciara Kyne
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland,
Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center
for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Peter B. Crowley
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland,
Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lila Gierasch
- Departments
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Program in
Molecular & Cellular Biology, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gary J. Pielak
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Adrian H. Elcock
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton
Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Anne Gershenson
- Departments
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Program in
Molecular & Cellular Biology, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Philipp Selenko
- Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, In-cell NMR Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Kakkar V, Meister-Broekema M, Minoia M, Carra S, Kampinga HH. Barcoding heat shock proteins to human diseases: looking beyond the heat shock response. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:421-34. [PMID: 24719117 PMCID: PMC3974453 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous human diseases that are associated with protein misfolding and the formation of toxic protein aggregates. Activating the heat shock response (HSR)--and thus generally restoring the disturbed protein homeostasis associated with such diseases--has often been suggested as a therapeutic strategy. However, most data on activating the HSR or its downstream targets in mouse models of diseases associated with aggregate formation have been rather disappointing. The human chaperonome consists of many more heat shock proteins (HSPs) that are not regulated by the HSR, however, and researchers are now focusing on these as potential therapeutic targets. In this Review, we summarize the existing literature on a set of aggregation diseases and propose that each of them can be characterized or 'barcoded' by a different set of HSPs that can rescue specific types of aggregation. Some of these 'non-canonical' HSPs have demonstrated effectiveness in vivo, in mouse models of protein-aggregation disease. Interestingly, several of these HSPs also cause diseases when mutated--so-called chaperonopathies--which are also discussed in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Kakkar
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cell Biology, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Meister-Broekema
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cell Biology, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melania Minoia
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cell Biology, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Carra
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Harm H. Kampinga
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cell Biology, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Renner M, Melki R. Protein aggregation and prionopathies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:162-8. [PMID: 24698014 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prion protein and prion-like proteins share a number of characteristics. From the molecular point of view, they are constitutive proteins that aggregate following conformational changes into insoluble particles. These particles escape the cellular clearance machinery and amplify by recruiting the soluble for of their constituting proteins. The resulting protein aggregates are responsible for a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jacob, Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington diseases. In addition, there are increasing evidences supporting the inter-cellular trafficking of these aggregates, meaning that they are "transmissible" between cells. There are also evidences that brain homogenates from individuals developing Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases propagate the disease in recipient model animals in a manner similar to brain extracts of patients developing Creutzfeldt-Jacob's disease. Thus, the propagation of protein aggregates from cell to cell may be a generic phenomenon that contributes to the evolution of neurodegenerative diseases, which has important consequences on human health issues. Moreover, although the distribution of protein aggregates is characteristic for each disease, new evidences indicate the possibility of overlaps and crosstalk between the different disorders. Despite the increasing evidences that support prion or prion-like propagation of protein aggregates, there are many unanswered questions regarding the mechanisms of toxicity and this is a field of intensive research nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Renner
- Biologie cellulaire de la synapse, institut de biologie de l'École normale supérieure (IBENS), Inserm U1024 - CNRS 8197, 46, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - R Melki
- Laboratoire d'enzymologie et biochimie structurales, CNRS UPR 3082, bâtiment 34, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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30
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Kabani M, Redeker V, Melki R. A role for the proteasome in the turnover of Sup35p and in [PSI(+) ] prion propagation. Mol Microbiol 2014; 92:507-28. [PMID: 24589377 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Yeast prions are superb models for understanding the mechanisms of self-perpetuating protein aggregates formation. [PSI(+) ] stands among the most documented yeast prions and results from self-assembly of the translation termination factor Sup35p into protein fibrils. A plethora of cellular factors were shown to affect [PSI(+) ] formation and propagation. Clearance of Sup35p prion particles is however poorly understood and documented. Here, we investigated the role of the proteasome in the degradation of Sup35p and in [PSI(+) ] prion propagation. We found that cells lacking the RPN4 gene, which have reduced intracellular proteasome pools, accumulated Sup35p and have defects in [PSI(+) ] formation and propagation. Sup35p is degraded in vitro by the 26S and 20S proteasomes in a ubiquitin-independent manner, generating an array of amyloidogenic peptides derived from its prion-domain. We also demonstrate the formation of a proteasome-resistant fragment spanning residues 83-685 which is devoid of the prion-domain that is essential for [PSI(+) ] propagation. Most important was the finding that the 26S and 20S proteasomes degrade Sup35p fibrils in vitro and abolish their infectivity. Our results point to an overlooked role of the proteasome in clearing toxic protein aggregates, and have important implications for a better understanding of the life cycle of infectious protein assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kabani
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, CNRS, Bât. 34, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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31
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Kočevar N, Grazio SF, Komel R. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of gastric tissue in an alkaline pH range. Proteomics 2014; 14:311-21. [PMID: 24293252 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
2DE in combination with MS has facilitated the discovery of several proteins with altered abundance in gastric cancer. While acidic and wide pH ranges have been widely investigated, analysis in the alkaline pH range has not been specifically performed in gastric cancer to date. In the present study, we initially optimized the 2DE in alkaline pH range (pH 7-11) for gastric tissue samples. Using a modified lysis buffer, we analyzed pooled nontumor and tumor samples for proteins with altered abundance in gastric adenocarcinoma. We successfully identified 38 silver-stained spots as 24 different proteins. Four of these were chosen for investigation with immunoblotting on individual paired samples to determine whether the changes seen in 2DE represent the overall abundance of the protein or possibly only a single form. While mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) subunits were decreased in 2DE gels, immunoblotting identified their overall abundance as being differently dysregulated: in the gastric tumor samples, the MTP-α subunit was decreased, and the MTP-β subunit was increased. On the other hand, heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M and galectin-4 were increased in the gastric tumor samples in both 2DE and immunoblotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kočevar
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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32
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Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Saidi LJ, Wahlster L. Molecular chaperones and protein folding as therapeutic targets in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:79. [PMID: 24314025 PMCID: PMC4046681 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in protein metabolism are key to disease onset and progression in many neurodegenerative diseases. As a prime example, in Parkinson's disease, folding, post-translational modification and recycling of the synaptic protein α-synuclein are clearly altered, leading to a progressive accumulation of pathogenic protein species and the formation of intracellular inclusion bodies. Altered protein folding is one of the first steps of an increasingly understood cascade in which α-synuclein forms complex oligomers and finally distinct protein aggregates, termed Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. In neurons, an elaborated network of chaperone and co-chaperone proteins is instrumental in mediating protein folding and re-folding. In addition to their direct influence on client proteins, chaperones interact with protein degradation pathways such as the ubiquitin-proteasome-system or autophagy in order to ensure the effective removal of irreversibly misfolded and potentially pathogenic proteins. Because of the vital role of proper protein folding for protein homeostasis, a growing number of studies have evaluated the contribution of chaperone proteins to neurodegeneration. We herein review our current understanding of the involvement of chaperones, co-chaperones and chaperone-mediated autophagy in synucleinopathies with a focus on the Hsp90 and Hsp70 chaperone system. We discuss genetic and pathological studies in Parkinson's disease as well as experimental studies in models of synucleinopathies that explore molecular chaperones and protein degradation pathways as a novel therapeutic target. To this end, we examine the capacity of chaperones to prevent or modulate neurodegeneration and summarize the current progress in models of Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders.
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33
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Jakobsson ME, Moen A, Bousset L, Egge-Jacobsen W, Kernstock S, Melki R, Falnes PØ. Identification and characterization of a novel human methyltransferase modulating Hsp70 protein function through lysine methylation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27752-63. [PMID: 23921388 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.483248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 proteins constitute an evolutionarily conserved protein family of ATP-dependent molecular chaperones involved in a wide range of biological processes. Mammalian Hsp70 proteins are subject to various post-translational modifications, including methylation, but for most of these, a functional role has not been attributed. In this study, we identified the methyltransferase METTL21A as the enzyme responsible for trimethylation of a conserved lysine residue found in several human Hsp70 (HSPA) proteins. This enzyme, denoted by us as HSPA lysine (K) methyltransferase (HSPA-KMT), was found to catalyze trimethylation of various Hsp70 family members both in vitro and in vivo, and the reaction was stimulated by ATP. Furthermore, we show that HSPA-KMT exclusively methylates 70-kDa proteins in mammalian protein extracts, demonstrating that it is a highly specific enzyme. Finally, we show that trimethylation of HSPA8 (Hsc70) has functional consequences, as it alters the affinity of the chaperone for both the monomeric and fibrillar forms of the Parkinson disease-associated protein α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus E Jakobsson
- From the Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway and
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34
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Bousset L, Melki R. [Infectious properties of protein aggregates involved in neurodegenerative diseases]. Biol Aujourdhui 2013; 207:55-9. [PMID: 23694725 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2013004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several progressive neurodegenerative disorders, e.g. Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington diseases, cerebro-spinal ataxia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are the consequence of protein misfolding and aggregation. Recent data indicates that some of these diseases are not cell autonomous as previously thought. We and others have shown that protein assemblies involved in the aforementioned diseases propagate from cell to cell in a manner akin prion high molecular weight assemblies propagation in Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. The mechanism of propagation and amplification of protein assemblies involved in neurodegenerative diseases and its physiopathological consequences are discussed hereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Bousset
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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