1
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Aretz J, Aziz M, Strohmeyer N, Sattler M, Fässler R. Talin and kindlin use integrin tail allostery and direct binding to activate integrins. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1913-1924. [PMID: 38087085 PMCID: PMC10716038 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrin affinity regulation, also termed integrin activation, is essential for metazoan life. Although talin and kindlin binding to the β-integrin cytoplasmic tail is indispensable for integrin activation, it is unknown how they achieve this function. By combining NMR, biochemistry and cell biology techniques, we found that talin and kindlin binding to the β-tail can induce a conformational change that increases talin affinity and decreases kindlin affinity toward it. We also discovered that this asymmetric affinity regulation is accompanied by a direct interaction between talin and kindlin, which promotes simultaneous binding of talin and kindlin to β-tails. Disrupting allosteric communication between the β-tail-binding sites of talin and kindlin or their direct interaction in cells severely compromised integrin functions. These data show how talin and kindlin cooperate to generate a small but critical population of ternary talin-β-integrin-kindlin complexes with high talin-integrin affinity and high dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Aretz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Masood Aziz
- Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nico Strohmeyer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sattler
- Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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2
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De Silva E, Hong F, Falet H, Kim H. Filamin A in platelets: Bridging the (signaling) gap between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1060361. [PMID: 36605989 PMCID: PMC9808056 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cells that are essential for hemostasis and wound healing. Upon activation of the cell surface receptors by their corresponding extracellular ligands, platelets undergo rapid shape change driven by the actin cytoskeleton; this shape change reaction is modulated by a diverse array of actin-binding proteins. One actin-binding protein, filamin A (FLNA), cross-links and stabilizes subcortical actin filaments thus providing stability to the cell membrane. In addition, FLNA binds the intracellular portion of multiple cell surface receptors and acts as a critical intracellular signaling scaffold that integrates signals between the platelet's plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. This mini-review summarizes how FLNA transduces critical cell signals to the platelet cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoli De Silva
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Felix Hong
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hervé Falet
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Integrin Regulators in Neutrophils. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132025. [PMID: 35805108 PMCID: PMC9266208 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and are critical for innate immunity and inflammation. Integrins are critical for neutrophil functions, especially for their recruitment to sites of inflammation or infections. Integrin conformational changes during activation have been heavily investigated but are still not fully understood. Many regulators, such as talin, Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM), Rap1, and kindlin, are critical for integrin activation and might be potential targets for integrin-regulating drugs in treating inflammatory diseases. In this review, we outline integrin activation regulators in neutrophils with a focus on the above critical regulators, as well as newly discovered modulators that are involved in integrin activation.
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4
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Molecular mechanisms of leukocyte β2 integrin activation. Blood 2022; 139:3480-3492. [PMID: 35167661 PMCID: PMC10082358 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. Although all integrins can undergo activation (affinity change for ligands), the degree of activation is most spectacular for integrins on blood cells. The β2 integrins are exclusively expressed on the surface of all leukocytes including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. They are essential for many leukocyte functions and are strictly required for neutrophil arrest from rolling. The inside-out integrin activation process receives input from chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules. The integrin activation pathway involves many cytoplasmic signaling molecules such as spleen tyrosine kinase, other kinases like Bruton's tyrosine kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, phospholipases, Rap1 GTPases, and the Rap1-GTP-interacting adapter molecule. These signaling events ultimately converge on talin-1 and kindlin-3, which bind to the integrin β cytoplasmic domain and induce integrin conformational changes: extension and high affinity for ligand. Here, we review recent structural and functional insights into how talin-1 and kindlin-3 enable integrin activation, with a focus on the distal signaling components that trigger β2 integrin conformational changes and leukocyte adhesion under flow.
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5
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Lu F, Zhu L, Bromberger T, Yang J, Yang Q, Liu J, Plow EF, Moser M, Qin J. Mechanism of integrin activation by talin and its cooperation with kindlin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2362. [PMID: 35488005 PMCID: PMC9054839 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin-induced integrin binding to extracellular matrix ligands (integrin activation) is the key step to trigger many fundamental cellular processes including cell adhesion, cell migration, and spreading. Talin is widely known to use its N-terminal head domain (talin-H) to bind and activate integrin, but how talin-H operates in the context of full-length talin and its surrounding remains unknown. Here we show that while being capable of inducing integrin activation, talin-H alone exhibits unexpectedly low potency versus a constitutively activated full-length talin. We find that the large C-terminal rod domain of talin (talin-R), which otherwise masks the integrin binding site on talin-H in inactive talin, dramatically enhances the talin-H potency by dimerizing activated talin and bridging it to the integrin co-activator kindlin-2 via the adaptor protein paxillin. These data provide crucial insight into the mechanism of talin and its cooperation with kindlin to promote potent integrin activation, cell adhesion, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Thomas Bromberger
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, D-81675, Germany
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Qiannan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, D-81675, Germany.
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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6
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Structure basis of the FERM domain of kindlin-3 in supporting integrin αIIbβ3 activation in platelets. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3128-3135. [PMID: 32649767 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kindlin-3, a protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, and moesin (FERM) domain-containing adaptor in hematopoietic cells, is essentially required for supporting the bidirectional integrin αIIbβ3 signaling in platelets by binding to the integrin β3 cytoplasmic tail. However, the structural details of kindlin-3's FERM domain remain unknown. In this study, we crystalized the kindlin-3's FERM domain protein and successfully solved its 3-dimensional structure. The structure shows that the 3 kindlin-3's FERM subdomains (F1, F2, and F3) compact together and form a cloverleaf-shaped conformation, which is stabilized by the binding interface between the F1 and F3 subdomains. Interestingly, the FERM domain of kindlin-3 exists as a monomer in both crystal and solution, which is different from its counterpart in kindlin-2 that is able to form a F2 subdomain-swapped dimer; nonetheless, dimerization is required for kindlin-3 to support integrin αIIbβ3 activation, indicating that kindlin-3 may use alternative mechanisms for formation of a functional dimer in cells. To evaluate the functional importance of the cloverleaf-like FERM structure in kindlin-3, structure-based mutations were introduced into kindlin-3 to disrupt the F1/F3 interface. The results show that integrin αIIbβ3 activation is significantly suppressed in platelets expressing the kindlin-3 mutant compared with those expressing wild-type kindlin-3. In addition, introduction of equivalent mutations into kindlin-1 and kindlin-2 also significantly compromises their ability to support integrin αIIbβ3 activation in CHO cells. Together, our findings suggest that the cloverleaf-like FERM domain in kindlins is structurally important for supporting integrin αIIbβ3 activation.
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7
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Bu W, Levitskaya Z, Tan SM, Gao YG. Emerging evidence for kindlin oligomerization and its role in regulating kindlin function. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:256567. [PMID: 33912917 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. Kindlins are important positive regulators of integrin activation. The FERM-domain-containing kindlin family comprises three members, kindlin-1, kindlin-2 and kindlin-3 (also known as FERMT1, FERMT2 and FERMT3), which share high sequence similarity (identity >50%), as well as domain organization, but exhibit diverse tissue-specific expression patterns and cellular functions. Given the significance of kindlins, analysis of their atomic structures has been an attractive field for decades. Recently, the structures of kindlin and its β-integrin-bound form have been obtained, which greatly advance our understanding of the molecular functions that involve kindlins. In particular, emerging evidence indicates that oligomerization of kindlins might affect their integrin binding and focal adhesion localization, positively or negatively. In this Review, we presented an update on the recent progress of obtaining kindlin structures, and discuss the implication for integrin activation based on kindlin oligomerization, as well as the possible regulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Bu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551.,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China518055
| | - Zarina Levitskaya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551
| | - Suet-Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore639798
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8
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Phosphorylation of Kindlins and the Control of Integrin Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040825. [PMID: 33916922 PMCID: PMC8067640 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins serve as conduits for the transmission of information between cells and their extracellular environment. Signaling across integrins is bidirectional, transducing both inside-out and outside-signaling. Integrin activation, a transition from a low affinity/avidity state to a high affinity/avidity state for cognate ligands, is an outcome of inside-signaling. Such activation is particularly important for the recognition of soluble ligands by blood cells but also influences cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Integrin activation depends on a complex series of interactions, which both accelerate and inhibit their interconversion from the low to the high affinity/avidity state. There are three components regarded as being most proximately involved in integrin activation: the integrin cytoplasmic tails, talins and kindlins. The participation of each of these molecules in integrin activation is highly regulated by post-translation modifications. The importance of targeted phosphorylation of integrin cytoplasmic tails and talins in integrin activation is well-established, but much less is known about the role of post-translational modification of kindlins. The kindlins, a three-member family of 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM)-domain proteins in mammals, bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrin beta subunits. This commentary provides a synopsis of the emerging evidence for the role of kindlin phosphorylation in integrin regulation.
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9
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Bu W, Levitskaya Z, Loh ZY, Jin S, Basu S, Ero R, Yan X, Wang M, Ngan SFC, Sze SK, Tan SM, Gao YG. Structural basis of human full-length kindlin-3 homotrimer in an auto-inhibited state. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000755. [PMID: 32644996 PMCID: PMC7373317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kindlin-1, -2, and -3 directly bind integrin β cytoplasmic tails to regulate integrin activation and signaling. Despite their functional significance and links to several diseases, structural information on full-length kindlin proteins remains unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of human full-length kindlin-3, which reveals a novel homotrimer state. Unlike kindlin-3 monomer, which is the major population in insect and mammalian cell expression systems, kindlin-3 trimer does not bind integrin β cytoplasmic tail as the integrin-binding pocket in the F3 subdomain of 1 protomer is occluded by the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of another protomer, suggesting that kindlin-3 is auto-inhibited upon trimer formation. This is also supported by functional assays in which kindlin-3 knockout K562 erythroleukemia cells reconstituted with the mutant kindlin-3 containing trimer-disrupting mutations exhibited an increase in integrin-mediated adhesion and spreading on fibronectin compared with those reconstituted with wild-type kindlin-3. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of kindlin auto-inhibition that involves its homotrimer formation. The crystal structure of a human full-length kindlin protein (kindlin-3) reveals a homotrimeric complex; together with in vitro and in vivo data, this suggests an auto-inhibition model for kindlins in integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Bu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zarina Levitskaya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Yang Loh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengyang Jin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shibom Basu
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rya Ero
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinfu Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meitian Wang
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - So Fong Cam Ngan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suet-Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (YGG); (SMT)
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (YGG); (SMT)
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10
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Kadry YA, Maisuria EM, Huet-Calderwood C, Calderwood DA. Differences in self-association between kindlin-2 and kindlin-3 are associated with differential integrin binding. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11161-11173. [PMID: 32546480 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin family of transmembrane adhesion receptors coordinates complex signaling networks that control the ability of cells to sense and communicate with the extracellular environment. Kindlin proteins are a central cytoplasmic component of these networks, directly binding integrin cytoplasmic domains and mediating interactions with cytoskeletal and signaling proteins. The physiological importance of kindlins is well established, but how the scaffolding functions of kindlins are regulated at the molecular level is still unclear. Here, using a combination of GFP nanotrap association assays, pulldown and integrin-binding assays, and live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that full-length kindlins can oligomerize (self-associate) in mammalian cells, and we propose that this self-association inhibits integrin binding and kindlin localization to focal adhesions. We show that both kindlin-2 and kindlin-3 can self-associate and that kindlin-3 self-association is more robust. Using chimeric mapping, we demonstrate that the F2PH and F3 subdomains are important for kindlin self-association. Through comparative sequence analysis of kindlin-2 and kindlin-3, we identify kindlin-3 point mutations that decrease self-association and enhance integrin binding, affording mutant kindlin-3 the ability to localize to focal adhesions. Our results support the notion that kindlin self-association negatively regulates integrin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Kadry
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eesha M Maisuria
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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11
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Liu H, Zhu L, Dudiki T, Gabanic B, Good L, Podrez EA, Cherepanova OA, Qin J, Byzova TV. Macrophage Migration and Phagocytosis Are Controlled by Kindlin-3's Link to the Cytoskeleton. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1954-1967. [PMID: 32094207 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Major myeloid cell functions from adhesion to migration and phagocytosis are mediated by integrin adhesion complexes, also known as adhesome. The presence of a direct integrin binding partner Kindlin-3 is crucial for these functions, and its lack causes severe immunodeficiency in humans. However, how Kindlin-3 is incorporated into the adhesome and how its function is regulated is poorly understood. In this study, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that Kindlin-3 directly interacts with paxillin (PXN) and leupaxin (LPXN) via G43/L47 within its F0 domain. Surprisingly, disruption of Kindlin-3-PXN/LPXN interactions in Raw 264.7 macrophages promoted cell spreading and polarization, resulting in upregulation of both general cell motility and directed cell migration, which is in a drastic contrast to the consequences of Kindlin-3 knockout. Moreover, disruption of Kindlin-3-PXN/LPXN binding promoted the transition from mesenchymal to amoeboid mode of movement as well as augmented phagocytosis. Thus, these novel links between Kindlin-3 and key adhesome members PXN/LPXN limit myeloid cell motility and phagocytosis, thereby providing an important immune regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Tejasvi Dudiki
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Benjamin Gabanic
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Logan Good
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Olga A Cherepanova
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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12
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Sit B, Gutmann D, Iskratsch T. Costameres, dense plaques and podosomes: the cell matrix adhesions in cardiovascular mechanosensing. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:197-209. [PMID: 31214894 PMCID: PMC6726830 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The stiffness of the cardiovascular environment changes during ageing and in disease and contributes to disease incidence and progression. For instance, increased arterial stiffness can lead to atherosclerosis, while stiffening of the heart due to fibrosis can increase the chances of heart failure. Cells can sense the stiffness of the extracellular matrix through integrin adhesions and other mechanosensitive structures and in response to this initiate mechanosignalling pathways that ultimately change the cellular behaviour. Over the past decades, interest in mechanobiology has steadily increased and with this also our understanding of the molecular basis of mechanosensing and transduction. However, much of our knowledge about the mechanisms is derived from studies investigating focal adhesions in non-muscle cells, which are distinct in several regards from the cell-matrix adhesions in cardiomyocytes (costameres) or vascular smooth muscle cells (dense plaques or podosomes). Therefore, we will look here first at the evidence for mechanical sensing in the cardiovascular system, before comparing the different cytoskeletal arrangements and adhesion sites in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells and what is known about mechanical sensing through the various structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Sit
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Gutmann
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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13
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Soto-Ribeiro M, Kastberger B, Bachmann M, Azizi L, Fouad K, Jacquier MC, Boettiger D, Bouvard D, Bastmeyer M, Hytönen VP, Wehrle-Haller B. β1D integrin splice variant stabilizes integrin dynamics and reduces integrin signaling by limiting paxillin recruitment. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.224493. [PMID: 30890648 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterodimeric integrin receptors control cell adhesion, migration and extracellular matrix assembly. While the α integrin subunit determines extracellular ligand specificity, the β integrin chain binds to an acidic residue of the ligand, and cytoplasmic adapter protein families such as talins, kindlins and paxillin, to form mechanosensing cell matrix adhesions. Alternative splicing of the β1 integrin cytoplasmic tail creates ubiquitously expressed β1A, and the heart and skeletal muscle-specific β1D form. To study the physiological difference between these forms, we developed fluorescent β1 integrins and analyzed their dynamics, localization, and cytoplasmic adapter recruitment and effects on cell proliferation. On fibronectin, GFP-tagged β1A integrin showed dynamic exchange in peripheral focal adhesions, and long, central fibrillar adhesions. In contrast, GFP-β1D integrins exchanged slowly, forming immobile and short central adhesions. While adhesion recruitment of GFP-β1A integrin was sensitive to C-terminal tail mutagenesis, GFP-β1D integrin was recruited independently of the distal NPXY motif. In addition, a P786A mutation in the proximal, talin-binding NPXY783 motif switched β1D to a highly dynamic integrin. In contrast, the inverse A786P mutation in β1A integrin interfered with paxillin recruitment and proliferation. Thus, differential β1 integrin splicing controls integrin-dependent adhesion signaling, to adapt to the specific physiological needs of differentiated muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinho Soto-Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Kastberger
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kenza Fouad
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Jacquier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - David Boettiger
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bouvard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, INSERM U823, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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14
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Gao J, Huang M, Lai J, Mao K, Sun P, Cao Z, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Schulte ML, Jin C, Wang J, White GC, Xu Z, Ma YQ. Kindlin supports platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation by interacting with paxillin. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3764-3775. [PMID: 28954813 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.205641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlins play an important role in supporting integrin activation by cooperating with talin; however, the mechanistic details remain unclear. Here, we show that kindlins interacted directly with paxillin and that this interaction could support integrin αIIbβ3 activation. An exposed loop in the N-terminal F0 subdomain of kindlins was involved in mediating the interaction. Disruption of kindlin binding to paxillin by structure-based mutations significantly impaired the function of kindlins in supporting integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Both kindlin and talin were required for paxillin to enhance integrin activation. Interestingly, a direct interaction between paxillin and the talin head domain was also detectable. Mechanistically, paxillin, together with kindlin, was able to promote the binding of the talin head domain to integrin, suggesting that paxillin complexes with kindlin and talin to strengthen integrin activation. Specifically, we observed that crosstalk between kindlin-3 and the paxillin family in mouse platelets was involved in supporting integrin αIIbβ3 activation and in vivo platelet thrombus formation. Taken together, our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which kindlin supports integrin αIIbβ3 activation, which might be beneficial for developing safer anti-thrombotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jingjing Lai
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kaijun Mao
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Peisen Sun
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhongyuan Cao
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Youpei Hu
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Marie L Schulte
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Chaozhi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Gilbert C White
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zhen Xu
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China .,Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yan-Qing Ma
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China .,Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
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15
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Hirbawi J, Bialkowska K, Bledzka KM, Liu J, Fukuda K, Qin J, Plow EF. The extreme C-terminal region of kindlin-2 is critical to its regulation of integrin activation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14258-14269. [PMID: 28652408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.776195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlin-2 (K2), a 4.1R-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM) domain adaptor protein, mediates numerous cellular responses, including integrin activation. The C-terminal 15-amino acid sequence of K2 is remarkably conserved across species but is absent in canonical FERM proteins, including talin. In CHO cells expressing integrin αIIbβ3, co-expression of K2 with talin head domain resulted in robust integrin activation, but this co-activation was lost after deletion of as few as seven amino acids from the K2 C terminus. This dependence on the C terminus was also observed in activation of endogenous αIIbβ3 in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells and β1 integrin activation in macrophage-like RAW264.1 cells. Kindlin-1 (K1) exhibited a similar dependence on its C terminus for integrin activation. Expression of the K2 C terminus as an extension of membrane-anchored P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) inhibited integrin-dependent cell spreading. Deletion of the K2 C terminus did not affect its binding to the integrin β3 cytoplasmic tail, but combined biochemical and NMR analyses indicated that it can insert into the F2 subdomain. We suggest that this insertion determines the topology of the K2 FERM domain, and its deletion may affect the positioning of the membrane-binding functions of the F2 subdomain and the integrin-binding properties of its F3 subdomain. Free C-terminal peptide can still bind to K2 and displace the endogenous K2 C terminus but may not restore the conformation needed for integrin co-activation. Our findings indicate that the extreme C terminus of K2 is essential for integrin co-activation and highlight the importance of an atypical architecture of the K2 FERM domain in regulating integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Hirbawi
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Katarzyna Bialkowska
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Kamila M Bledzka
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Jianmin Liu
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Koichi Fukuda
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Jun Qin
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Edward F Plow
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
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16
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Structure and lipid-binding properties of the kindlin-3 pleckstrin homology domain. Biochem J 2016; 474:539-556. [PMID: 27974389 PMCID: PMC5290484 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kindlins co-activate integrins alongside talin. They possess, like talin, a FERM domain (4.1-erythrin–radixin–moiesin domain) comprising F0–F3 subdomains, but with a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain inserted in the F2 subdomain that enables membrane association. We present the crystal structure of murine kindlin-3 PH domain determined at a resolution of 2.23 Å and characterise its lipid binding using biophysical and computational approaches. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest flexibility in the PH domain loops connecting β-strands forming the putative phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PtdInsP)-binding site. Simulations with PtdInsP-containing bilayers reveal that the PH domain associates with PtdInsP molecules mainly via the positively charged surface presented by the β1–β2 loop and that it binds with somewhat higher affinity to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 compared with PtdIns(4,5)P2. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with lipid headgroups immobilised and the PH domain as an analyte indicate affinities of 300 µM for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and 1 mM for PtdIns(4,5)P2. In contrast, SPR studies with an immobilised PH domain and lipid nanodiscs as the analyte show affinities of 0.40 µM for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and no affinity for PtdIns(4,5)P2 when the inositol phosphate constitutes 5% of the total lipids (∼5 molecules per nanodisc). Reducing the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 composition to 1% abolishes nanodisc binding to the PH domain, as does site-directed mutagenesis of two lysines within the β1–β2 loop. Binding of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 by a canonical PH domain, Grp1, is not similarly influenced by SPR experimental design. These data suggest a role for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 clustering in the binding of some PH domains and not others, highlighting the importance of lipid mobility and clustering for the biophysical assessment of protein–membrane interactions.
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17
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Djaafri I, Khayati F, Menashi S, Tost J, Podgorniak MP, Sadoux A, Daunay A, Teixeira L, Soulier J, Idbaih A, Setterblad N, Fauvel F, Calvo F, Janin A, Lebbé C, Mourah S. A novel tumor suppressor function of Kindlin-3 in solid cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8970-85. [PMID: 25344860 PMCID: PMC4253411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kindlin-3 (FERMT-3) is known to be central in hemostasis and thrombosis control and its deficiency disrupts platelet aggregation and causes Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency disease. Here we report that Kindlin-3 has a tumor suppressive role in solid cancer. Our present genetic and functional data show that Kindlin-3 is downregulated in several solid tumors by a mechanism involving gene hypermethylation and deletions. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Kindlin-3 knockdown in 2 tumor cell models (breast cancer and melanoma) markedly increases metastasis formation, in accord with the in vitro increase of tumor cell malignant properties. The metastatic phenotype was supported by a mechanism involving alteration in β3-integrin activation including decreased phosphorylation, interaction with talin and the internalization of its active form leading to less cell attachment and more migration/invasion. These data uncover a novel and unexpected tumor suppressor role of Kindin-3 which can influence integrins targeted therapies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissem Djaafri
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Farah Khayati
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Génétique, Paris, France
| | | | - Jorg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics, Centre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France. Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Fondation Jean Dausset - CEPH, Paris, France
| | | | - Aurelie Sadoux
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Daunay
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Fondation Jean Dausset - CEPH, Paris, France
| | - Luis Teixeira
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service d'oncologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Hematology Laboratory APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France. Inserm U 975, Paris, 75013 France, CNRS, UMR, Paris, France
| | - Niclas Setterblad
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Fauvel
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Calvo
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Janin
- Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Inserm, U728, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Celeste Lebbé
- Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Département de Dermatologie, Paris, France. Inserm U976, Paris, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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18
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Park EJ, Yuki Y, Kiyono H, Shimaoka M. Structural basis of blocking integrin activation and deactivation for anti-inflammation. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:51. [PMID: 26152212 PMCID: PMC4495637 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins mediate leukocyte accumulation to the sites of inflammation, thereby enhancing their potential as an important therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders. Integrin activation triggered by inflammatory mediators or signaling pathway is a key step to initiate leukocyte migration to inflamed tissues; however, an appropriately regulated integrin deactivation is indispensable for maintaining productive leukocyte migration. While typical integrin antagonists that block integrin activation target the initiation of leukocyte migration, a novel class of experimental compounds has been designed to block integrin deactivation, thereby perturbing the progression of cell migration. Current review discusses the mechanisms by which integrin is activated and subsequently deactivated by focusing on its structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, 514-8507, Japan. .,Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan. .,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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19
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Bialkowska K, Byzova TV, Plow EF. Site-specific phosphorylation of kindlin-3 protein regulates its capacity to control cellular responses mediated by integrin αIIbβ3. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6226-42. [PMID: 25609252 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.634436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of integrins to cellular responses depend upon their activation, which is regulated by binding of proteins to their cytoplasmic tails. Kindlins are integrin cytoplasmic tail binding partners and are essential for optimal integrin activation, and kindlin-3 fulfills this role in hematopoietic cells. Here, we used human platelets and human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells, which express integrin αIIbβ3, to investigate whether phosphorylation of kindlin-3 regulates integrin activation. When HEL cells were stimulated with thrombopoietin or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), αIIbβ3 became activated as evidenced by binding of an activation-specific monoclonal antibody and soluble fibrinogen, adherence and spreading on fibrinogen, colocalization of β3 integrin and kindlin-3 in focal adhesions, and enhanced β3 integrin-kindlin-3 association in immunoprecipitates. Kindlin-3 knockdown impaired adhesion and spreading on fibrinogen. Stimulation of HEL cells with agonists significantly increased kindlin-3 phosphorylation as detected by mass spectrometric sequencing. Thr(482) or Ser(484) was identified as a phosphorylation site, which resides in a sequence not conserved in kindlin-1 or kindlin-2. These same residues were phosphorylated in kindlin-3 when platelets were stimulated with thrombin. When expressed in HEL cells, T482A/S484A kindlin-3 decreased soluble ligand binding and cell spreading on fibrinogen compared with wild-type kindlin-3. A membrane-permeable peptide containing residues 476-485 of kindlin-3 was introduced into HEL cells and platelets; adhesion and spreading of both cell types were blunted compared with a scrambled control peptide. These data identify a role of kindlin-3 phosphorylation in integrin β3 activation and provide a basis for functional differences between kindlin-3 and the two other kindlin paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bialkowska
- From the Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- From the Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Edward F Plow
- From the Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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20
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Hohenester E. Signalling complexes at the cell-matrix interface. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2014; 29:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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21
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Fukuda K, Bledzka K, Yang J, Perera HD, Plow EF, Qin J. Molecular basis of kindlin-2 binding to integrin-linked kinase pseudokinase for regulating cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28363-75. [PMID: 25160619 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.596692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a distinct intracellular adaptor essential for integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, cell spreading, and migration. Acting as a major docking platform in focal adhesions, ILK engages many proteins to dynamically link integrins with the cytoskeleton, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we have characterized the interaction of ILK with kindlin-2, a key regulator for integrin bidirectional signaling. We show that human kindlin-2 binds to human ILK with high affinity. Using systematic mapping approaches, we have identified a major ILK binding site involving a 20-residue fragment (residues 339-358) in kindlin-2. NMR-based analysis reveals a helical conformation of this fragment that utilizes its leucine-rich surface to recognize the ILK pseudokinase domain in a mode that is distinct from another ILK pseudokinase domain binding protein, α-parvin. Structure-based mutational experiments further demonstrate that the kindlin-2 binding to ILK is crucial for the kindlin-2 localization to focal adhesions and cell spreading (integrin outside-in signaling) but dispensable for the kindlin-2-mediated integrin activation (integrin inside-out signaling). These data define a specific mode of the kindlin-2/ILK interaction with mechanistic implications as to how it spatiotemporally mediates integrin signaling and cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fukuda
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Kamila Bledzka
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Jun Yang
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - H Dhanuja Perera
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Edward F Plow
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Jun Qin
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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22
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Pinon P, Pärssinen J, Vazquez P, Bachmann M, Rahikainen R, Jacquier MC, Azizi L, Määttä JA, Bastmeyer M, Hytönen VP, Wehrle-Haller B. Talin-bound NPLY motif recruits integrin-signaling adapters to regulate cell spreading and mechanosensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:265-81. [PMID: 24778313 PMCID: PMC4003243 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201308136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
β3 integrin residue Y747 is required for cell spreading and paxillin adapter recruitment to substrate-bound integrins in response to substrate stiffness. Integrin-dependent cell adhesion and spreading are critical for morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and immune defense but also tumor growth. However, the mechanisms that induce integrin-mediated cell spreading and provide mechanosensing on different extracellular matrix conditions are not fully understood. By expressing β3-GFP-integrins with enhanced talin-binding affinity, we experimentally uncoupled integrin activation, clustering, and substrate binding from its function in cell spreading. Mutational analysis revealed Tyr747, located in the first cytoplasmic NPLY747 motif, to induce spreading and paxillin adapter recruitment to substrate- and talin-bound integrins. In addition, integrin-mediated spreading, but not focal adhesion localization, was affected by mutating adjacent sequence motifs known to be involved in kindlin binding. On soft, spreading-repellent fibronectin substrates, high-affinity talin-binding integrins formed adhesions, but normal spreading was only possible with integrins competent to recruit the signaling adapter protein paxillin. This proposes that integrin-dependent cell–matrix adhesion and cell spreading are independently controlled, offering new therapeutic strategies to modify cell behavior in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Pinon
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Qadota H, Benian GM. An approach for exploring interaction between two proteins in vivo. Front Physiol 2014; 5:162. [PMID: 24808865 PMCID: PMC4010775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a strategy for exploring the function of protein-protein interactions in striated muscle in vivo. We describe our experience using this strategy to study the interaction of UNC-112 (kindlin) with PAT-4 (integrin linked kinase). Random mutagenesis is used to generate a collection of mutants that are screened for lack of binding or gain of binding using a yeast 2-hybrid assay. The mutant proteins are then expressed in transgenic C. elegans to determine their ability to localize in the sarcomere. We emphasize two advantages of this strategy: (1) for studying the interaction of protein A with protein B, when protein A can interact with multiple proteins, and (2) it explores the function of an interaction rather than the absence of, or reduced level of, a protein as can be obtained with null mutants or knockdown by RNAi. We propose that this method can be generalized for studying the meaning of a protein-protein interaction in muscle for any system in which transgenic animals can be generated and their muscles can be imaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Qadota
- Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guy M Benian
- Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
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24
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Yates LA, Gilbert RJC. Efficient production and purification of recombinant murine kindlin-3 from insect cells for biophysical studies. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24686835 PMCID: PMC4153465 DOI: 10.3791/51206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlins are essential coactivators, with talin, of the cell surface receptors integrins and also participate in integrin outside-in signalling, and the control of gene transcription in the cell nucleus. The kindlins are ~75 kDa multidomain proteins and bind to an NPxY motif and upstream T/S cluster of the integrin β-subunit cytoplasmic tail. The hematopoietically-important kindlin isoform, kindlin-3, is critical for platelet aggregation during thrombus formation, leukocyte rolling in response to infection and inflammation and osteoclast podocyte formation in bone resorption. Kindlin-3's role in these processes has resulted in extensive cellular and physiological studies. However, there is a need for an efficient method of acquiring high quality milligram quantities of the protein for further studies. We have developed a protocol, here described, for the efficient expression and purification of recombinant murine kindlin-3 by use of a baculovirus-driven expression system in Sf9 cells yielding sufficient amounts of high purity full-length protein to allow its biophysical characterization. The same approach could be taken in the study of the other mammalian kindlin isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Yates
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford;
| | - Robert J C Gilbert
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford;
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25
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Fagerholm SC, Lek HS, Morrison VL. Kindlin-3 in the immune system. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 3:37-42. [PMID: 24660120 PMCID: PMC3960760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Kindlin-3 is a member of the kindlin family of focal adhesion proteins which bind to integrin beta-chain cytoplasmic domains to regulate integrin function. In contrast to kindlin-1 and kindlin-2 proteins, kindlin-3 is expressed mainly in the hematopoietic system. Mutations in kindlin-3 result in the rare genetic disorder, leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III (LAD-III), which is characterized by bleeding and recurrent infections due to deficient beta1, beta2 and beta3 integrin activation in platelets and leukocytes. Here, we review the role of kindlin-3 in integrin activation and in different immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C Fagerholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiFinland
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeUK
| | - Hwee San Lek
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeUK
| | - Vicky L Morrison
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeUK
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26
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Bonet R, Vakonakis I, Campbell ID. Characterization of 14-3-3-ζ Interactions with integrin tails. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:3060-72. [PMID: 23763993 PMCID: PMC4068353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are a family of heterodimeric (α+β) adhesion receptors that play key roles in many cellular processes. Integrins are unusual in that their functions can be modulated from both outside and inside the cell. Inside-out signaling is mediated by binding adaptor proteins to the flexible cytoplasmic tails of the α- and β-integrin subunits. Talin is one well-known intracellular activator, but various other adaptors bind to integrin tails, including 14-3-3-ζ, a member of the 14-3-3 family of dimeric proteins that have a preference for binding phosphorylated sequence motifs. Phosphorylation of a threonine in the β2 integrin tail has been shown to modulate β2/14-3-3-ζ interactions, and recently, the α4 integrin tail was reported to bind to 14-3-3-ζ and associate with paxillin in a ternary complex that is regulated by serine phosphorylation. Here, we use a range of biophysical techniques to characterize interactions between 14-3-3-ζ and the cytoplasmic tails of α4, β1, β2 and β3 integrins. The X-ray structure of the 14-3-3-ζ/α4 complex indicates a canonical binding mode for the α4 phospho-peptide, but unexpected features are also observed: residues outside the consensus 14-3-3-ζ binding motif are shown to be essential for an efficient interaction; in contrast, a short β2 phospho-peptide is sufficient for high-affinity binding to 14-3-3-ζ. In addition, we report novel 14-3-3-ζ/integrin tail interactions that are independent of phosphorylation. Of the integrin tails studied, the strongest interaction with 14-3-3-ζ is observed for the β1A variant. In summary, new insights about 14-3-3-ζ/integrin tail interactions that have implications for the role of these molecular associations in cells are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iain D. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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Calderwood DA, Campbell ID, Critchley DR. Talins and kindlins: partners in integrin-mediated adhesion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:503-17. [PMID: 23860236 PMCID: PMC4116690 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrin receptors provide a dynamic, tightly-regulated link between the extracellular matrix (or cellular counter-receptors) and intracellular cytoskeletal and signalling networks, enabling cells to sense and respond to their chemical and physical environment. Talins and kindlins, two families of FERM-domain proteins, bind the cytoplasmic tail of integrins, recruit cytoskeletal and signalling proteins involved in mechanotransduction and synergize to activate integrin binding to extracellular ligands. New data reveal the domain structure of full-length talin, provide insights into talin-mediated integrin activation and show that RIAM recruits talin to the plasma membrane, whereas vinculin stabilizes talin in cell-matrix junctions. How kindlins act is less well-defined, but disease-causing mutations show that kindlins are also essential for integrin activation, adhesion, cell spreading and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Iain D Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, S. Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH
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