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Suleiman M, Al Najjar A, Zakaria ZZ, Ahmed R, Yalcin HC, Korashy HM, Uddin S, Riaz S, Abdulrahman N, Mraiche F. The Role of p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)-Induced Cardiotoxicity. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:334-344. [PMID: 37725271 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), has been approved to manage various cancer types. However, TKI-induced cardiotoxicity is a limiting factor for their use. This issue has raised the need for investigating potential cardioprotective techniques to be combined with TKIs. Ribosomal S6-kinases (RSKs) are a downstream effector of the mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (MAPK) pathway; specific RSK isoforms, such as RSK1 and RSK2, have been expressed in cancer cells, in which they increase tumour proliferation. Selective targeting of those isoforms would result in tumour suppression. Moreover, activation of RSKs expressed in the heart has resulted in cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmia; thus, inhibiting RSKs would result in cardio-protection. This review article presents an overview of the usefulness of RSK inhibitors that can be novel agents to be assessed in future research for their effect in reducing cancer proliferation, as well as protecting the heart from cardiotoxicity induced by TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Suleiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afnan Al Najjar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zain Z Zakaria
- Medical and Health Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sadaf Riaz
- Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nabeel Abdulrahman
- College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Chang YC, Wu CZ, Cheng CW, Chen JS, Chang LC. Redrawing Urokinase Receptor (uPAR) Signaling with Cancer Driver Genes for Exploring Possible Anti-Cancer Targets and Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1435. [PMID: 37895906 PMCID: PMC10610195 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During tumorigenesis, urokinase (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR) play essential roles in mediating pathological progression in many cancers. To understand the crosstalk between the uPA/uPAR signaling and cancer, as well as to decipher their cellular pathways, we proposed to use cancer driver genes to map out the uPAR signaling. In the study, an integrated pharmaceutical bioinformatics approach that combined modulator identification, driver gene ontology networking, protein targets prediction and networking, pathway analysis and uPAR modulator screening platform construction was employed to uncover druggable targets in uPAR signaling for developing a novel anti-cancer modality. Through these works, we found that uPAR signaling interacted with 10 of 21 KEGG cancer pathways, indicating the important role of uPAR in mediating intracellular cancerous signaling. Furthermore, we verified that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) could serve as signal hubs to relay uPAR-mediated cellular functions on cancer hallmarks such as angiogenesis, proliferation, migration and metastasis. Moreover, we established an in silico virtual screening platform and a uPAR-driver gene pair rule for identifying potential uPAR modulators to combat cancer. Altogether, our results not only elucidated the complex networking between uPAR modulation and cancer but also provided a paved way for developing new chemical entities and/or re-positioning clinically used drugs against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Ze Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shuen Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung City 813414, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114202, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chien Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan
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Lubomirov LT, Mantke R, Enzmann T, Metzler D, Korotkova T, Hescheler J, Pfitzer G, Grisk O. ROK and RSK2-kinase pathways differ between senescent human renal and mesenteric arteries. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1201-1214. [PMID: 37115907 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small arteries from different organs vary with regard to the mechanisms that regulate vasoconstriction. This study investigated the impact of advanced age on the regulation of vasoconstriction in isolated human small arteries from kidney cortex and periintestinal mesenteric tissue. METHODS Renal and mesenteric tissues were obtained from patients (mean age 71 ± 9 years) undergoing elective surgery. Furthermore, intrarenal and mesenteric arteries from young and aged mice were studied. Arteries were investigated by small vessel myography and western blot. RESULTS Human intrarenal arteries (h-RA) showed higher stretch-induced tone and higher reactivity to α 1 adrenergic receptor stimulation than human mesenteric arteries (h-MA). Rho-kinase (ROK) inhibition resulted in a greater decrease in Ca 2+ and depolarization-induced tone in h-RA than in h-MA. Basal and α 1 adrenergic receptor stimulation-induced phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin (MLC 20 ) was higher in h-RA than in h-MA. This was associated with higher ROK-dependent phosphorylation of the regulatory subunit of myosin light-chain-phosphatase (MLCP), MYPT1-T853. In h-RA phosphorylation of ribosomal S6-kinase II (RSK2-S227) was significantly higher than in h-MA. Stretch-induced tone and RSK2 phosphorylation was also higher in interlobar arteries (m-IAs) from aged mice than in respective vessels from young mice and in murine mesenteric arteries (m-MA) from both age groups. CONCLUSION Vasoconstriction in human intrarenal arteries shows a greater ROK-dependence than in mesenteric arteries. Activation of RSK2 may contribute to intrarenal artery tone dysregulation associated with aging. Compared with h-RA, h-MA undergo age-related remodeling leading to a reduction of the contractile response to α 1 adrenergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir T Lubomirov
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology
- Research cluster, Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - René Mantke
- General and Visceral Surgery Clinic
- Faculty of Health Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Thomas Enzmann
- Urology and Children Urology Clinic, University Clinics Brandenburg an der Havel
| | | | | | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne
| | | | - Olaf Grisk
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin
- Research cluster, Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases
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Han N, Zhang Q, Tang X, Bai L, Yan L, Tang H. Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Modulates p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 by ERK to Promote Growth of Hepatoma Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051182. [PMID: 37243268 DOI: 10.3390/v15051182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide that poses a significant threat to human health. The multifunctional regulator known as Hepatitis B virus X-protein (HBx) interacts with host factors, modulating gene transcription and signaling pathways and contributing to hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) is a member of the 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase family involved in various intracellular processes and cancer pathogenesis. At present, the role and mechanism of RSK2 in the development of HBx-induced HCC are not yet clear. In this study, we found that HBx upregulates the expression of RSK2 in HBV-HCC tissues, HepG2, and SMMC-7721 cells. We further observed that reducing the expression of RSK2 inhibited HCC cell proliferation. In HCC cell lines with stable HBx expression, RSK2 knockdown impaired the ability of HBx to promote cell proliferation. The extracellularly regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1/2 signaling pathway, rather than the p38 signaling pathway, mediated HBx-induced upregulation of RSK2 expression. Additionally, RSK2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) were highly expressed and positively correlated in HBV-HCC tissues and associated with tumor size. This study showed that HBx upregulates the expression of RSK2 and CREB by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, promoting the proliferation of HCC cells. Furthermore, we identified RSK2 and CREB as potential prognostic markers for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Jiangxi Qiushi Forensic Science Center, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lang Bai
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Libo Yan
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Mieczkowski K, Popeda M, Lesniak D, Sadej R, Kitowska K. FGFR2 Controls Growth, Adhesion and Migration of Nontumorigenic Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Regulation of Integrin β1 Degradation. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:9. [PMID: 37191822 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), an important mediator of stromal paracrine and autocrine signals, in mammary gland morphogenesis and breast cancer has been extensively studied over the last years. However, the function of FGFR2 signalling in the initiation of mammary epithelial oncogenic transformation remains elusive. Here, FGFR2-dependent behaviour of nontumorigenic model of mammary epithelial cells was studied. In vitro analyses demonstrated that FGFR2 regulates epithelial cell communication with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Silencing of FGFR2 significantly changed the phenotype of cell colonies in three-dimensional cultures, decreased integrins α2, α5 and β1 protein levels and affected integrin-driven processes, such as cell adhesion and migration. More detailed analysis revealed the FGFR2 knock-down-induced proteasomal degradation of integrin β1. Analysis of RNA-seq databases showed significantly decreased FGFR2 and ITGB1 mRNA levels in breast tumour samples, when compared to non-transformed tissues. Additionally, high risk healthy individuals were found to have disrupted correlation profiles of genes associated with FGFR2 and integrin signalling, cell adhesion/migration and ECM remodelling. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that FGFR2 loss with concomitant integrin β1 degradation is responsible for deregulation of epithelial cell-ECM interactions and this process may play an important role in the initiation of mammary gland epithelial tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mieczkowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marta Popeda
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Lesniak
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Yang WS, Caliva MJ, Khadka VS, Tiirikainen M, Matter ML, Deng Y, Ramos JW. RSK1 and RSK2 serine/threonine kinases regulate different transcription programs in cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1015665. [PMID: 36684450 PMCID: PMC9845784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1015665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) are serine threonine kinases comprising four isoforms. The isoforms can have overlapping functions in regulation of migration, invasion, proliferation, survival, and transcription in various cancer types. However, isoform specific differences in RSK1 versus RSK2 functions in gene regulation are not yet defined. Here, we delineate ribosomal S6 kinases isoform-specific transcriptional gene regulation by comparing transcription programs in RSK1 and RSK2 knockout cells using microarray analysis. Microarray analysis revealed significantly different mRNA expression patterns between RSK1 knockout and RSK2 knockout cell lines. Importantly some of these functions have not been previously recognized. Our analysis revealed RSK1 has specific roles in cell adhesion, cell cycle regulation and DNA replication and repair pathways, while RSK2 has specific roles in the immune response and interferon signaling pathways. We further validated that the identified gene sets significantly correlated with mRNA datasets from cancer patients. We examined the functional significance of the identified transcriptional programs using cell assays. In alignment with the microarray analysis, we found that RSK1 modulates the mRNA and protein expression of Fibronectin1, affecting cell adhesion and CDK2, affecting S-phase arrest in the cell cycle, and impairing DNA replication and repair. Under similar conditions, RSK2 showed increased ISG15 transcriptional expression, affecting the immune response pathway and cytokine expression. Collectively, our findings revealed the occurrence of RSK1 and RSK2 specific transcriptional regulation, defining separate functions of these closely related isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Maisel J. Caliva
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Vedbar S. Khadka
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Maarit Tiirikainen
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michelle L. Matter
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Joe W. Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Hight-Warburton W, Felix R, Burton A, Maple H, Chegkazi MS, Steiner RA, McGrath JA, Parsons M. α4/α9 Integrins Coordinate Epithelial Cell Migration Through Local Suppression of MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750771. [PMID: 34900996 PMCID: PMC8655878 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of basal keratinocytes to the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in the control of skin homeostasis and response to injury. Integrin receptors indirectly link the ECM to the cell cytoskeleton through large protein complexes called focal adhesions (FA). FA also function as intracellular biochemical signaling platforms to enable cells to respond to changing extracellular cues. The α4β1 and α9β1 integrins are both expressed in basal keratinocytes, share some common ECM ligands, and have been shown to promote wound healing in vitro and in vivo. However, their roles in maintaining epidermal homeostasis and relative contributions to pathological processes in the skin remain unclear. We found that α4β1 and α9β1 occupied distinct regions in monolayers of a basal keratinocyte cell line (NEB-1). During collective cell migration (CCM), α4 and α9 integrins co-localized along the leading edge. Pharmacological inhibition of α4β1 and α9β1 integrins increased keratinocyte proliferation and induced a dramatic change in cytoskeletal remodeling and FA rearrangement, detrimentally affecting CCM. Further analysis revealed that α4β1/α9β1 integrins suppress extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activity to control migration through the regulation of downstream kinases including Mitogen and Stress Activated Kinase 1 (MSK1). This work demonstrates the roles of α4β1 and α9β1 in regulating migration in response to damage cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willow Hight-Warburton
- Parsons Group, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Magda S Chegkazi
- Steiner Group, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto A Steiner
- Steiner Group, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - John A McGrath
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Parsons Group, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Caliva MJ, Yang WS, Young-Robbins S, Zhou M, Yoon H, Matter ML, Grimes ML, Conrads T, Ramos JW. Proteomics analysis identifies PEA-15 as an endosomal phosphoprotein that regulates α5β1 integrin endocytosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19830. [PMID: 34615962 PMCID: PMC8494857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal trafficking of cell surface receptors is essential to their function. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that integrate adhesion to the extracellular matrix with engagement of the cytoskeleton. Ligated integrins mediate diverse signals that regulate matrix assembly, cell survival, cell morphology, and cell motility. Endosomal trafficking of integrins modulates these signals and contributes to cell motility and is required for cancer cell invasion. The phosphoprotein PEA-15 modulates integrin activation and ERK MAP Kinase signaling. To elucidate novel PEA-15 functions we utilized an unbiased proteomics approach. We identified several binding partners for PEA-15 in the endosome including clathrin and AP-2 as well as integrin β1 and other focal adhesion complex proteins. We confirmed these interactions using proximity ligation analysis, immunofluorescence imaging, pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation. We further found that PEA-15 is enriched in endosomes and was required for efficient endosomal internalization of α5β1 integrin and cellular migration. Importantly, PEA-15 promotion of migration was dependent on PEA-15 phosphorylation at serines 104 and 116. These data support a novel endosomal role for PEA-15 in control of endosomal trafficking of integrins through an association with the β1 integrin and clathrin complexes, and thereby regulation of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisel J Caliva
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Won Seok Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Shirley Young-Robbins
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Rd, Suite 375, Falls Church, VA, 22003, USA
| | - Hana Yoon
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Michelle L Matter
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Mark L Grimes
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Thomas Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Rd, Suite 375, Falls Church, VA, 22003, USA
| | - Joe William Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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9
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Ma J, Scott CA, Ho YN, Mahabaleshwar H, Marsay KS, Zhang C, Teow CK, Ng SS, Zhang W, Tergaonkar V, Partridge LJ, Roy S, Amaya E, Carney TJ. Matriptase activation of Gq drives epithelial disruption and inflammation via RSK and DUOX. eLife 2021; 10:66596. [PMID: 34165081 PMCID: PMC8291973 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are primed to respond to insults by activating epithelial cell motility and rapid inflammation. Such responses are also elicited upon overexpression of the membrane-bound protease, Matriptase, or mutation of its inhibitor, Hai1. Unrestricted Matriptase activity also predisposes to carcinoma. How Matriptase leads to these cellular outcomes is unknown. We demonstrate that zebrafish hai1a mutants show increased H2O2, NfκB signalling, and IP3R -mediated calcium flashes, and that these promote inflammation, but do not generate epithelial cell motility. In contrast, inhibition of the Gq subunit in hai1a mutants rescues both the inflammation and epithelial phenotypes, with the latter recapitulated by the DAG analogue, PMA. We demonstrate that hai1a has elevated MAPK pathway activity, inhibition of which rescues the epidermal defects. Finally, we identify RSK kinases as MAPK targets disrupting adherens junctions in hai1a mutants. Our work maps novel signalling cascades mediating the potent effects of Matriptase on epithelia, with implications for tissue damage response and carcinoma progression. Cancer occurs when normal processes in the cell become corrupted or unregulated. Many proteins can contribute, including one enzyme called Matriptase that cuts other proteins at specific sites. Matriptase activity is tightly controlled by a protein called Hai1. In mice and zebrafish, when Hai1 cannot adequately control Matriptase activity, invasive cancers with severe inflammation develop. However, it is unclear how unregulated Matriptase leads to both inflammation and cancer invasion. One outcome of Matriptase activity is removal of proteins called Cadherins from the cell surface. These proteins have a role in cell adhesion: they act like glue to stick cells together. Without them, cells can dissociate from a tissue and move away, a critical step in cancer cells invading other organs. However, it is unknown exactly how Matriptase triggers the removal of Cadherins from the cell surface to promote invasion. Previous work has shown that Matriptase switches on a receptor called Proteinase-activated receptor 2, or Par2 for short, which is known to activate many enzymes, including one called phospholipase C. When activated, this enzyme releases two signals into the cell: a sugar called inositol triphosphate, IP3; and a lipid or fat called diacylglycerol, DAG. It is possible that these two signals have a role to play in how Matriptase removes Cadherins from the cell surface. To find out, Ma et al. mapped the effects of Matriptase in zebrafish lacking the Hai1 protein. This revealed that Matriptase increases IP3 and DAG levels, which initiate both inflammation and invasion. IP3 promotes inflammation by switching on pro-inflammatory signals inside the cell such as the chemical hydrogen peroxide. At the same time, DAG promotes cell invasion by activating a well-known cancer signalling pathway called MAPK. This pathway activates a protein called RSK. Ma et al. show that this protein is required to remove Cadherins from the surface of cells, thus connecting Matriptase’s activation of phospholipase C with its role in disrupting cell adhesion. An increase in the ratio of Matriptase to HAI-1 (the human equivalent of Hai1) is present in many cancers. For this reason, the signal cascades described by Ma et al. may be of interest in developing treatments for these cancers. Understanding how these signals work together could lead to more direct targeted anti-cancer approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire A Scott
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Na Ho
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harsha Mahabaleshwar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katherine S Marsay
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Kj Teow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ser Sue Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynda J Partridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrique Amaya
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J Carney
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
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10
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RSK Isoforms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070726. [PMID: 34202904 PMCID: PMC8301392 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal S6 Kinases (RSKs) are a group of serine/threonine kinases that function downstream of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Four RSK isoforms are directly activated by ERK1/2 in response to extracellular stimuli including growth factors, hormones, and chemokines. RSKs phosphorylate many cytosolic and nuclear targets resulting in the regulation of diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, survival, and motility. In hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), RSK isoforms are highly expressed and aberrantly activated resulting in poor outcomes and resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, understanding RSK function in leukemia could lead to promising therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the current information on human RSK isoforms and discusses their potential roles in the pathogenesis of AML and mechanism of pharmacological inhibitors.
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11
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Cronin R, Brooke GN, Prischi F. The role of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase family in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:3775-3785. [PMID: 33972681 PMCID: PMC8175238 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men, with over a million new cases every year worldwide. Tumor growth and disease progression is mainly dependent on the Androgen Receptor (AR), a ligand dependent transcription factor. Standard PCa therapeutic treatments include androgen-deprivation therapy and AR signaling inhibitors. Despite being successful in controlling the disease in the majority of men, the high frequency of disease progression to aggressive and therapy resistant stages (termed castrate resistant prostate cancer) has led to the search for new therapeutic targets. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK1-4) family is a group of highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases that holds promise as a novel target. RSKs are effector kinases that lay downstream of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and aberrant activation or expression of RSKs has been reported in several malignancies, including PCa. Despite their structural similarities, RSK isoforms have been shown to perform nonredundant functions and target a wide range of substrates involved in regulation of transcription and translation. In this article we review the roles of the RSKs in proliferation and motility, cell cycle control and therapy resistance in PCa, highlighting the possible interplay between RSKs and AR in mediating disease progression. In addition, we summarize the current advances in RSK inhibitor development and discuss their potential clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cronin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Greg N Brooke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
| | - Filippo Prischi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
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12
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Itagaki K, Sasada M, Miyazaki S, Iyoda T, Imaizumi T, Haga M, Kuga A, Inomata H, Kondo Y, Osada S, Kodama H, Higami Y, Fukai F. Exposure of the cryptic de-adhesive site FNIII14 in fibronectin molecule and its binding to membrane-type eEF1A induce migration and invasion of cancer cells via β1-integrin inactivation. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3990-4004. [PMID: 33294281 PMCID: PMC7716165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a highly coordinated process that involves not only integrin-mediated adhesion but also de-adhesion. We previously found that a cryptic de-adhesive site within fibronectin molecule, termed FNIII14, weakens cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix by inactivating β1-integrins. Surprisingly, eukaryotic translation elongation factor-1A (eEF1A), an essential factor during protein biosynthesis, was identified as a membrane receptor that mediates the de-adhesive effect of FNIII14. Here, we demonstrate that FNIII14-mediated de-adhesion causes enhanced migration and invasion in two types of highly invasive/metastatic cancer cells, resulting in the initiation of metastasis. Both in vitro migration and invasion of highly invasive human melanoma cell line, Mum2B, were inhibited by a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 inhibitor or a function-blocking antibody against FNIII14 (anti-FNIII14 Ab), suggesting that MMP-mediated exposure of the cryptic de-adhesive site FNIII14 was responsible for Mum2B cell migration and invasion. The MMP-induced FNIII14 exposure was also shown to be functional in the migration and invasion of highly metastatic mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1. Overexpression and knockdown experiments of eEF1A in Mum2B cells revealed that the migration and invasion were dependent on the membrane levels of eEF1A. In vivo experiments using tumor xenograft mouse models derived from Mum2B and 4T1 cell lines showed that the anti-FNIII14 Ab has a significant anti-metastatic effect. Thus, these results provide novel insights into the regulation of cancer cell migration and invasion and suggest promising targets for anti-metastasis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Itagaki
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Manabu Sasada
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyazaki
- Department of Medical and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Iyoda
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Haga
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Kuga
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inomata
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kondo
- Department of Medical and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Osada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Fumio Fukai
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science2641 Yamazaki, Noda-Shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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13
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RSK2 protects human breast cancer cells under endoplasmic reticulum stress through activating AMPKα2-mediated autophagy. Oncogene 2020; 39:6704-6718. [PMID: 32958832 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy can protect stressed cancer cell by degradation of damaged proteins and organelles. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind this cellular process remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that RSK2 (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2) plays a critical role in ER stress-induced autophagy in breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that the promotive effect of RSK2 on autophagy resulted from directly binding of AMPKα2 in nucleus and phosphorylating it at Thr172 residue. IRE1α, an ER membrane-associated protein mediating unfolded protein response (UPR), is required for transducing the signal for activation of ERK1/2-RSK2 under ER stress. Suppression of autophagy by knockdown of RSK2 enhanced the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to ER stress both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of RSK2-mediated autophagy rendered breast cancer cells more sensitive to paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent that induces ER stress-mediated cell death. This study identifies RSK2 as a novel controller of autophagy in tumor cells and suggests that targeting RSK2 can be exploited as an approach to reinforce the efficacy of ER stress-inducing agents against cancer.
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14
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Li Y, Seber P, Wright EB, Yasmin S, Lannigan DA, O'Doherty GA. The affinity of RSK for cylitol analogues of SL0101 is critically dependent on the B-ring C-4'-hydroxy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3058-3060. [PMID: 32048692 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00128g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Five cyclitol analogues of SL0101 with variable substitution at the C-4' position (i.e., OH, Cl, F, H, OMe) were synthesized. The series of analogues were evaluated for their ability to inhibit p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) activity. The study demonstrated the importance of the B-ring C-4' hydroxy group for RSK1/2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Pedro Seber
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | | | - Sharia Yasmin
- Cell & Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Deborah A Lannigan
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. and Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA and Cell & Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - George A O'Doherty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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15
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Li Y, Sandusky ZM, Vemula R, Zhang Q, Wu B, Fukuda S, Li M, Lannigan DA, O'Doherty GA. Regioselective Synthesis of a C-4'' Carbamate, C-6'' n-Pr Substituted Cyclitol Analogue of SL0101. Org Lett 2020; 22:1448-1452. [PMID: 32009414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis of two analogues of SL0101 (1) has been achieved. The effort is aimed at the discovery of inhibitors of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) with improved bioavailability. The route relies upon the use of the Taylor catalyst to regioselectively install C-3″ acetyl or carbamate functionality. This study led to the identification of a third-generation analogue of SL0101 with a C-4″ n-Pr-carbamate and a C-3″ acetate with improved RSK inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Zachary M Sandusky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States
| | - Rajender Vemula
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Bulan Wu
- Division of Natural Sciences, College of Natural & Applied Sciences , University of Guam , Mangilao , Guam 96923
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States.,Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center , Ehime University , Toon , Ehime 791-0295 , Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine , Toon , Ehime 791-0295 , Japan
| | - Mingzong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Deborah A Lannigan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States
| | - George A O'Doherty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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16
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Activation of RSK by phosphomimetic substitution in the activation loop is prevented by structural constraints. Sci Rep 2020; 10:591. [PMID: 31953410 PMCID: PMC6969211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the majority of AGC kinases is regulated by two phosphorylation events on two conserved serine/threonine residues located on the activation loop and on the hydrophobic motif, respectively. In AGC kinase family, phosphomimetic substitutions with aspartate or glutamate, leading to constitutive activation, have frequently occurred at the hydrophobic motif site. On the contrary, phosphomimetic substitutions in the activation loop are absent across the evolution of AGC kinases. This observation is explained by the failure of aspartate and glutamate to mimic phosphorylatable serine/threonine in this regulatory site. By detailed 3D structural simulations of RSK2 and further biochemical evaluation in cells, we show that the phosphomimetic residue on the activation loop fails to form a critical salt bridge with R114, necessary to reorient the αC-helix and to activate the protein. By a phylogenetic analysis, we point at a possible coevolution of a phosphorylatable activation loop and the presence of a conserved positively charged amino acid on the αC-helix. In sum, our analysis leads to the unfeasibility of phosphomimetic substitution in the activation loop of RSK and, at the same time, highlights the peculiar structural role of activation loop phosphorylation.
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17
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Méant A, Gao B, Lavoie G, Nourreddine S, Jung F, Aubert L, Tcherkezian J, Gingras AC, Roux PP. Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Role for RSK in p120-catenin Phosphorylation and Melanoma Cell-Cell Adhesion. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:50-64. [PMID: 31678930 PMCID: PMC6944238 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway regulates various biological functions, including cell survival, proliferation and migration. This pathway is frequently deregulated in cancer, including melanoma, which is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. RSK (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) is a MAPK-activated protein kinase required for melanoma growth and proliferation, but relatively little is known about its function and the nature of its cellular partners. In this study, we used a proximity-based labeling approach to identify RSK proximity partners in cells. We identified many potential RSK-interacting proteins, including p120ctn (p120-catenin), which is an essential component of adherens junction (AJ). We found that RSK phosphorylates p120ctn on Ser320, which appears to be constitutively phosphorylated in melanoma cells. We also found that RSK inhibition increases melanoma cell-cell adhesion, suggesting that constitutive RAS/MAPK signaling negatively regulates AJ integrity. Together, our results indicate that RSK plays an important role in the regulation of melanoma cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Méant
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Beichen Gao
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lavoie
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sami Nourreddine
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Flora Jung
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Léo Aubert
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joseph Tcherkezian
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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18
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Fibronectin in Cancer: Friend or Foe. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010027. [PMID: 31861892 PMCID: PMC7016990 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of fibronectin (FN) in tumorigenesis and malignant progression has been highly controversial. Cancerous FN plays a tumor-suppressive role, whereas it is pro-metastatic and associated with poor prognosis. Interestingly, FN matrix deposited in the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) promotes tumor progression but is paradoxically related to a better prognosis. Here, we justify how FN impacts tumor transformation and subsequently metastatic progression. Next, we try to reconcile and rationalize the seemingly conflicting roles of FN in cancer and TMEs. Finally, we propose future perspectives for potential FN-based therapeutic strategies.
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19
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Samson SC, Elliott A, Mueller BD, Kim Y, Carney KR, Bergman JP, Blenis J, Mendoza MC. p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) phosphorylates myosin phosphatase and thereby controls edge dynamics during cell migration. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10846-10862. [PMID: 31138649 PMCID: PMC6635457 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is essential to embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer cell dissemination. Cells move via leading-edge protrusion, substrate adhesion, and retraction of the cell's rear. The molecular mechanisms by which extracellular cues signal to the actomyosin cytoskeleton to control these motility mechanics are poorly understood. The growth factor-responsive and oncogenically activated protein extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) promotes motility by signaling in actin polymerization-mediated edge protrusion. Using a combination of immunoblotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and myosin-binding experiments and cell migration assays, we show here that ERK also signals to the contractile machinery through its substrate, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK). We probed the signaling and migration dynamics of multiple mammalian cell lines and found that RSK phosphorylates myosin phosphatase–targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) at Ser-507, which promotes an interaction of Rho kinase (ROCK) with MYPT1 and inhibits myosin targeting. We find that by inhibiting the myosin phosphatase, ERK and RSK promote myosin II–mediated tension for lamella expansion and optimal edge dynamics for cell migration. These findings suggest that ERK activity can coordinately amplify both protrusive and contractile forces for optimal cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiela C Samson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and
| | - Andrew Elliott
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and
| | - Brian D Mueller
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and
| | - Yung Kim
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and
| | - Keith R Carney
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and
| | - Jared P Bergman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and
| | - John Blenis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Michelle C Mendoza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
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20
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Zheng Y, Tu C, Zhang J, Wang J. Inhibition of multiple myeloma‑derived exosomes uptake suppresses the functional response in bone marrow stromal cell. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1061-1070. [PMID: 30664188 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The communication between multiple myeloma (MM) cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) serves a pivotal role in MM progression by supporting MM cell growth, proliferation and drug resistance. An exosomes‑based endogenous transport system has been determined as a novel mechanism of this communication by revealing the capacity for exchange of functional components between cells. An exosomes transfer‑mediated biological response in recipient cells is strongly determined by the detailed routes and mechanisms of exosomes internalization, which are diverse and can depend on surface molecules on the membrane of the vesicle and the recipient cell. Understanding the routes of exosomes uptake during MM cell‑BMSC communication is of great importance for the development of blocking strategies beneficial for MM treatment. In the present study, fluorescently‑labeled exosomes and pharmacological inhibitors, which are known to interfere with different internalization pathways, were used to characterize the cellular mechanisms involved in the uptake of MM cell‑derived exosomes by BMSCs. MM cell‑derived exosomes can promote BMSC viability and induce changes in multiple pro‑survival and pro‑proliferation pathways in BMSCs. As determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, the uptake of MM cell‑derived exosomes proceeded primarily through endocytosis, via special caveolin‑dependent endocytosis, and partially through macropinocytosis and membrane fusion. Furthermore, treatment with endocytosis inhibitors suppressed the exosomes‑induced changes in pathways in BMSCs. Collectively, these results indicate that endocytosis is the primary route of internalization of MM cell‑derived exosomes by BMSCs and indicate that inhibition of exosomes uptake can interrupt the communication between MM cells and BMSCs and thus serve as a potential adjunctive strategy for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Chenggong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jinheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
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21
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RSK2 activity mediates glioblastoma invasiveness and is a potential target for new therapeutics. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79869-79884. [PMID: 27829215 PMCID: PMC5346757 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma (GBM), infiltration of primary tumor cells into the normal tissue and dispersal throughout the brain is a central challenge to successful treatment that remains unmet. Indeed, patients respond poorly to the current therapies of tumor resection followed by chemotherapy with radiotherapy and have only a 16-month median survival. It is therefore imperative to develop novel therapies. RSK2 is a kinase that regulates proliferation and adhesion and can promote metastasis. We demonstrate that active RSK2 regulates GBM cell adhesion and is essential for cell motility and invasion of patient-derived GBM neurospheres. RSK2 control of adhesion and migration is mediated in part by its effects on integrin-Filamin A complexes. Importantly, inhibition of RSK2 by either RSK inhibitors or shRNA silencing impairs invasion and combining RSK2 inhibitors with temozolomide improves efficacy in vitro. In agreement with the in vitro data, using public datasets, we find that RSK2 is significantly upregulated in vivo in human GBM patient tumors, and that high RSK2 expression significantly correlates with advanced tumor stage and poor patient survival. Together, our data provide strong evidence that RSK inhibitors could enhance the effectiveness of existing GBM treatment, and support RSK2 targeting as a promising approach for novel GBM therapy.
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22
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RSK2 drives cell motility by serine phosphorylation of LARG and activation of Rho GTPases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:E190-E199. [PMID: 29279389 PMCID: PMC5777029 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708584115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is a dynamic process that requires the directed application of force and continuous coordinated changes in cell adhesion and cytoskeletal architecture often in response to extracellular stimuli. Here we have defined a mechanism by which RSK2 can promote cell migration and invasion in response to promotility stimuli. We show that in response to these signals RSK2 directly binds the RhoGEF LARG and phosphorylates it, thereby promoting LARG activation of RhoA GTPases. Moreover, we find that RSK2 is important for epidermal growth factor activation of Rho GTPases. These results advance our understanding of cell motility, RSK kinase function, and LARG/RhoA activation by revealing that these pathways are integrated and the precise mechanism by which that is accomplished. Directed migration is essential for cell motility in many processes, including development and cancer cell invasion. RSKs (p90 ribosomal S6 kinases) have emerged as central regulators of cell migration; however, the mechanisms mediating RSK-dependent motility remain incompletely understood. We have identified a unique signaling mechanism by which RSK2 promotes cell motility through leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG)-dependent Rho GTPase activation. RSK2 directly interacts with LARG and nucleotide-bound Rho isoforms, but not Rac1 or Cdc42. We further show that epidermal growth factor or FBS stimulation induces association of endogenous RSK2 with LARG and LARG with RhoA. In response to these stimuli, RSK2 phosphorylates LARG at Ser1288 and thereby activates RhoA. Phosphorylation of RSK2 at threonine 577 is essential for activation of LARG-RhoA. Moreover, RSK2-mediated motility signaling depends on RhoA and -B, but not RhoC. These results establish a unique RSK2-dependent LARG-RhoA signaling module as a central organizer of directed cell migration and invasion.
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23
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Calvo N, Carriere P, Martin MJ, Gentili C. RSK activation via ERK modulates human colon cancer cells response to PTHrP. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:13-27. [PMID: 28385776 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is associated with several human cancers such as colon carcinoma. This disease is a complex multistep process that involves enhanced cell cycle progression and migration. Recently we obtained evidence that in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco2 cells, exogenous PTHrP increases the proliferation and positively modulates cell cycle progression via ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and PI3K. The purpose of this study was to explore if the serine/threonine kinase RSK, which is involved in the progress of many cancers and it is emerging as a potential therapeutic target, mediates PTHrP effects on cancer colon cells. Western blot analysis revealed that PTHrP increases RSK phosphorylation via ERK1/2 signaling pathway but not through p38 MAPK. By performing subcellular fractionation, we found that the peptide also induces the nuclear localization of activated RSK, where many of its substrates are located. RSK participates in cell proliferation, in the upregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK6 and in the downregulation of p53 induced by PTHrP. Wound healing and transwell filter assays revealed that cell migration increased after PTHrP treatment. In addition, the hormone increases the protein expression of the focal adhesion kinase FAK, a regulator of cell motility. We observed that PTHrP induces cell migration and modulates FAK protein expression through ERK/RSK signaling pathway but not via p38 MAPK pathway. Finally, in vivo studies revealed that the hormone activates RSK in xenografts tumor. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the deregulated cell cycle and migration that is characteristic of tumor intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Calvo
- Departamento de BiologíaBioquímica y Farmacia, INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriere
- Departamento de BiologíaBioquímica y Farmacia, INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Julia Martin
- Departamento de BiologíaBioquímica y Farmacia, INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Departamento de BiologíaBioquímica y Farmacia, INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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24
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Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals a Role for Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 in PDGF-Induced Cell Migration. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638064 PMCID: PMC5479788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) family of ligands have well established functions in the induction of cell proliferation and migration during development, tissue homeostasis and interactions between tumours and stroma. However, the mechanisms by which these actions are executed are incompletely understood. Here we report a differential phosphoproteomics study, using a SILAC approach, of PDGF-stimulated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). 116 phospho-sites were identified as up-regulated and 45 down-regulated in response to PDGF stimulation. These encompass proteins involved in cell adhesion, cytoskeleton regulation and vesicle-mediated transport, significantly expanding the range of proteins implicated in PDGF signalling pathways. Included in the down-regulated class was the microtubule bundling protein Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 (CRMP2). In response to stimulation with PDGF, CRMP2 was dephosphorylated on Thr514, an event known to increase CRMP2 activity. This was reversed in the presence of micromolar concentrations of the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, implicating PDGF-induced activation of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in CRMP2 regulation. Depletion of CRMP2 resulted in impairment of PDGF-mediated cell migration in an in vitro wound healing assay. These results show that CRMP2 is required for PDGF-directed cell migration in vitro.
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25
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Houles T, Roux PP. Defining the role of the RSK isoforms in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 48:53-61. [PMID: 28476656 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The 90kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family is a group of Ser/Thr protein kinases (RSK1-4) that function downstream of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. RSK regulates many substrates involved in cell survival, growth, and proliferation, and as such, deregulated RSK activity has been associated with multiple cancer types. RSK expression and activity are dysregulated in several malignancies, including breast, prostate, and lung cancer, and available evidence suggests that RSK may be a promising cancer therapeutic target. Current limitations include the lack of RSK inhibitors with suitable pharmacokinetics and selectivity toward particular isoforms. This review briefly describes the current knowledge on RSK activation and function, with a particular emphasis on RSK-dependent mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis and pharmacological inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Houles
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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26
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Fukai F. New Type of Antitumor Agent Targeting the Cell Adhesion Molecule, Integrin. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:137-139. [PMID: 28154321 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a variety of biological signals for cell regulation. It is apparent that some of these signals are derived from functional sites, which are concealed in the higher structure of ECM protein molecules. Previously, we found that fibronectin, a ubiquitous cell adhesive ECM protein, harbors a cryptic functional site termed FNIII14, which can be exposed through the processing of fibronectin by inflammatory proteinases, including matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). FNIII14, once exposed, induces a conformational change in beta1-integrins necessary for their functional inactivation, resulting in weakened cell adhesion to the ECM. Interestingly, eukaryotic peptide elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) was recently identified as a membrane receptor mediating this anti-adhesive effect of FNIII14. Here, we show that exposure of FNIII14 from the fibronectin matrix, and its interaction with the membrane receptor eEF1A, contributes to the migration and invasion of cancer cells. Furthermore, an in vivo experiment using a mouse xenograft model shows that FNIII14 could be a promising target for preventing lung metastasis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Fukai
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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27
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Mao L, Summers W, Xiang S, Yuan L, Dauchy RT, Reynolds A, Wren-Dail MA, Pointer D, Frasch T, Blask DE, Hill SM. Melatonin Represses Metastasis in Her2-Postive Human Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing RSK2 Expression. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1159-1169. [PMID: 27535706 PMCID: PMC5107120 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the circadian/melatonin signal in suppressing the metastatic progression of breast and other cancers has been reported by numerous laboratories including our own. Currently, the mechanisms underlying the antimetastatic actions of melatonin have not been well established. In the present study, the antimetastatic actions of melatonin were evaluated and compared on the ERα-negative, Her2-positive SKBR-3 breast tumor cell line and ERα-positive MCF-7 cells overexpressing a constitutively active HER2.1 construct (MCF-7Her2.1 cells). Activation of Her2 is reported to induce the expression and/or phosphorylation-dependent activation of numerous kinases and transcription factors that drive drug resistance and metastasis in breast cancer. A key signaling node activated by the Her2/Mapk/Erk pathway is Rsk2, which has been shown to induce numerous signaling pathways associated with the development of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis including: Creb, Stat3, cSrc, Fak, Pax, Fascin, and actin polymerization. The data demonstrate that melatonin (both endogenous and exogenous) significantly represses this invasive/metastatic phenotype through a mechanism that involves the suppression of EMT, either by promoting mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, and/or by inhibiting key signaling pathways involved in later stages of metastasis. These data, combined with our earlier in vitro studies, support the concept that maintenance of elevated and extended duration of nocturnal melatonin levels plays a critical role in repressing the metastatic progression of breast cancer. IMPLICATIONS Melatonin inhibition of Rsk2 represses the metastatic phenotype in breast cancer cells suppressing EMT or inhibiting other mechanisms that promote metastasis; disruption of the melatonin signal may promote metastatic progression in breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 14(11); 1159-69. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Mao
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Whitney Summers
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Shulin Xiang
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robert T Dauchy
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Amberly Reynolds
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Melissa A Wren-Dail
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David Pointer
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tripp Frasch
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David E Blask
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Steven M Hill
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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28
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Ludwik KA, Campbell JP, Li M, Li Y, Sandusky ZM, Pasic L, Sowder ME, Brenin DR, Pietenpol JA, O'Doherty GA, Lannigan DA. Development of a RSK Inhibitor as a Novel Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2598-2608. [PMID: 27528706 PMCID: PMC5807013 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is an incurable disease and identification of novel therapeutic opportunities is vital. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) frequently metastasizes and high levels of activated p90RSK (RSK), a downstream MEK-ERK1/2 effector, are found in TNBC. We demonstrate, using direct pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of RSK1/2, that these kinases contribute to the TNBC metastatic process in vivo Kinase profiling showed that RSK1 and RSK2 are the predominant kinases targeted by the new inhibitor, which is based on the natural product SL0101. Further evidence for selectivity was provided by the observations that silencing RSK1 and RSK2 eliminated the ability of the analogue to further inhibit survival or proliferation of a TNBC cell line. In vivo, the new derivative was as effective as the FDA-approved MEK inhibitor trametinib in reducing the establishment of metastatic foci. Importantly, inhibition of RSK1/2 did not result in activation of AKT, which is known to limit the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in the clinic. Our results demonstrate that RSK is a major contributor to the TNBC metastatic program and provide preclinical proof-of-concept for the efficacy of the novel SL0101 analogue in vivo Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2598-608. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Ludwik
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - J Preston Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mingzong Li
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zachary M Sandusky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lejla Pasic
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Miranda E Sowder
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David R Brenin
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jennifer A Pietenpol
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - George A O'Doherty
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah A Lannigan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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29
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Bordeleau F, Reinhart-King CA. Tuning cell migration: contractility as an integrator of intracellular signals from multiple cues. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 27508074 PMCID: PMC4962296 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7884.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been immense progress in our understanding of the factors driving cell migration in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional microenvironments over the years. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that even though most cells share many of the same signaling molecules, they rarely respond in the same way to migration cues. To add to the complexity, cells are generally exposed to multiple cues simultaneously, in the form of growth factors and/or physical cues from the matrix. Understanding the mechanisms that modulate the intracellular signals triggered by multiple cues remains a challenge. Here, we will focus on the molecular mechanism involved in modulating cell migration, with a specific focus on how cell contractility can mediate the crosstalk between signaling initiated at cell-matrix adhesions and growth factor receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Bordeleau
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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30
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Hamaoka Y, Negishi M, Katoh H. EphA2 is a key effector of the MEK/ERK/RSK pathway regulating glioblastoma cell proliferation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:937-45. [PMID: 27132626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
EphA2, a member of the Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, is frequently overexpressed in a variety of malignancies, including glioblastoma, and its expression is correlated with poor prognosis. EphA2 acts as a tumor promoter through a ligand ephrin-independent mechanism, which requires phosphorylation of EphA2 on serine 897 (S897), leading to increased cell migration and invasion. In this study, we show that ligand-independent EphA2 signaling occurs downstream of the MEK/ERK/RSK pathway and mediates epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell proliferation in glioblastoma cells. Suppression of EphA2 expression by long-term exposure to ligand ephrinA1 or EphA2-targeted shRNA inhibited EGF-induced cell proliferation. Stimulation of the cells with EGF induced EphA2 S897 phosphorylation, which was suppressed by MEK and RSK inhibitors, but not by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt inhibitors. The RSK inhibitor or RSK2-targeted shRNA also suppressed EGF-induced cell proliferation. Furthermore, overexpression of wild-type EphA2 promoted cell proliferation without EGF stimulation, whereas overexpression of EphA2-S897A mutant suppressed EGF- or RSK2-induced proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that EphA2 is a key downstream target of the MEK/ERK/RSK signaling pathway in the regulation of glioblastoma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuho Hamaoka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Manabu Negishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hironori Katoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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31
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Lommel MJ, Trairatphisan P, Gäbler K, Laurini C, Muller A, Kaoma T, Vallar L, Sauter T, Schaffner-Reckinger E. L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells and in vitro is mediated by RSK downstream of the ERK/MAPK pathway. FASEB J 2015; 30:1218-33. [PMID: 26631483 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated cell migration and invasion are hallmarks of metastatic cancer cells. Phosphorylation on residue Ser5 of the actin-bundling protein L-plastin activates L-plastin and has been reported to be crucial for invasion and metastasis. Here, we investigate signal transduction leading to L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation using 4 human breast cancer cell lines. Whole-genome microarray analysis comparing cell lines with different invasive capacities and corresponding variations in L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation level revealed that genes of the ERK/MAPK pathway are differentially expressed. It is noteworthy that in vitro kinase assays showed that ERK/MAPK pathway downstream ribosomal protein S6 kinases α-1 (RSK1) and α-3 (RSK2) are able to directly phosphorylate L-plastin on Ser5. Small interfering RNA- or short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown and activation/inhibition studies followed by immunoblot analysis and computational modeling confirmed that ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) is an essential activator of L-plastin. Migration and invasion assays showed that RSK knockdown led to a decrease of up to 30% of migration and invasion of MDA-MB-435S cells. Although the presence of L-plastin was not necessary for migration/invasion of these cells, immunofluorescence assays illustrated RSK-dependent recruitment of Ser5-phosphorylated L-plastin to migratory structures. Altogether, we provide evidence that the ERK/MAPK pathway is involved in L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells with RSK1 and RSK2 kinases able to directly phosphorylate L-plastin residue Ser5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiti J Lommel
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Panuwat Trairatphisan
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Karoline Gäbler
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Christina Laurini
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Muller
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Vallar
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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32
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Crucial roles of RSK in cell motility by catalysing serine phosphorylation of EphA2. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7679. [PMID: 26158630 PMCID: PMC4510653 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between inflammatory signalling pathways and receptor tyrosine kinases has been revealed as an indicator of cancer malignant progression. In the present study, we focus on EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase, which is overexpressed in many human cancers. It has been reported that ligand-independent phosphorylation of EphA2 at Ser-897 is induced by Akt. We show that inflammatory cytokines promote RSK-, not Akt-, dependent phosphorylation of EphA2 at Ser-897. In addition, the RSK-EphA2 signalling pathway controls cell migration and invasion of metastatic breast cancer cells. Moreover, Ser-897-phosphorylated EphA2 co-localizes with phosphorylated active form of RSK in various human tumour specimens, and this double positivity is related to poor survival in lung cancer patients, especially those with a smoking history. Taken together, these results indicate that the phosphorylation of EphA2 at Ser-897 is controlled by RSK and the RSK-EphA2 axis might contribute to cell motility and promote tumour malignant progression.
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33
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Myricetin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 408:163-70. [PMID: 26112905 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Myricetin is a flavonoid that is abundant in fruits and vegetables and has protective effects against cancer and diabetes. However, the mechanism of action of myricetin against gastric cancer (GC) is not fully understood. We researched myricetin on the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle in GC HGC-27 and SGC7901 cells, to explore the underlying mechanism of action. Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay, Western blotting, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis assay were used to evaluate the effects of myricetin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle. To analyze the binding properties of ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) with myricetin, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis was performed. CCK8 assay showed that myricetin inhibited GC cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis showed that myricetin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in GC cells. Western blotting indicated that myricetin influenced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of GC cells by regulating related proteins. SPR analysis showed strong binding affinity of RSK2 and myricetin. Myricetin bound to RSK2, leading to increased expression of Mad1, and contributed to inhibition of HGC-27 and SGC7901 cell proliferation. Our results suggest the therapeutic potential of myricetin in GC.
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34
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Vial D, McKeown-Longo PJ. Role of EGFR expression levels in the regulation of integrin function by EGF. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1118-23. [PMID: 26053065 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of β1 integrins in dormant tumor cells has been linked to metastatic progression, suggesting that therapies designed to maintain β1 integrins in an inactive state may be useful in the prevention of metastatic disease. Our earlier studies have demonstrated that EGF regulates the activation state of the α5β1 integrin in EGFR overexpressing tumor cells through an ERK/p90RSK signaling pathway. Activation of this pathway by EGF resulted in the filamin A dependent inactivation of the α5β1 integrin receptor for fibronectin. The current study was designed to address the role of EGFR overexpression in the regulation of α5β1 integrin activation state by EGF. Lentiviral knockdown of EGFR coupled with limited dilution cloning was used to develop A431 squamous carcinoma cell lines expressing high, moderate, and low levels of EGFR. Inactivation of α5β1 integrin by EGF was shown to correlate with both the level of EGFR expression and the extent of p90RSK phosphorylation, but not with the level of ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that high levels of EGFR promote α5β1 integrin inactivation through sustained activation of p90RSK. Treatment of cells with EGFR kinase inhibitor resulted in a reactivation of the integrin which could be reversed with the phosphatase inhibitor, menadione. Taken together, these findings indicate that p90RSK may function to maintain dormancy in tumor cells expressing high levels of EGFR. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vial
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Paula J McKeown-Longo
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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35
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A proteomic approach reveals integrin activation state-dependent control of microtubule cortical targeting. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6135. [PMID: 25609142 PMCID: PMC4317495 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin activation, which is regulated by allosteric changes in receptor conformation, enables cellular responses to the chemical, mechanical and topological features of the extracellular microenvironment. A global view of how activation state converts the molecular composition of the region proximal to integrins into functional readouts is, however, lacking. Here, using conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies, we report the isolation of integrin activation state-dependent complexes and their characterization by mass spectrometry. Quantitative comparisons, integrating network, clustering, pathway and image analyses, define multiple functional protein modules enriched in a conformation-specific manner. Notably, active integrin complexes are specifically enriched for proteins associated with microtubule-based functions. Visualization of microtubules on micropatterned surfaces and live cell imaging demonstrate that active integrins establish an environment that stabilizes microtubules at the cell periphery. These data provide a resource for the interrogation of the global molecular connections that link integrin activation to adhesion signalling. Integrins are activated by many extracellular cues and respond by assembling diverse signalling complexes. Byron et al. use activation state-specific antibodies to proteomically characterize these complexes, and provide insight into integrin-dependent microtubule stabilization.
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36
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Yoneda A. Fibronectin Matrix Assembly and Its Significant Role in Cancer Progression and Treatment. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2015. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1421.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Yoneda
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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Zang W, Wang T, Wang Y, Li M, Xuan X, Ma Y, Du Y, Liu K, Dong Z, Zhao G. Myricetin exerts anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, and pro-apoptotic effects on esophageal carcinoma EC9706 and KYSE30 cells via RSK2. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12583-92. [PMID: 25192723 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myricetin, a common dietary flavonoid, is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and is used as a health food supplement based on its anti-tumor properties. However, the effect and mechanisms of myricetin in esophageal carcinoma are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated the effect of myricetin on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of the esophageal carcinoma cell lines EC9706 and KYSE30 and explored the underlying mechanism and target protein(s) of myricetin. CCK-8 assay, transwell invasion assay, wound-healing assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis assay were used to evaluate the effects of myricetin on cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Nude mouse tumor xenograft model was built to understand the interaction between myricetin and NTD RSK2. Pull-down assay was used to verify molecular mechanism. Myricetin inhibited proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis of EC9706 and KYSE30 cells. Moreover, myricetin was shown to bind RSK2 through the NH2-terminal kinase domain. Finally, myricetin inhibited EC9706 and KYSE30 cell proliferation through Mad1 and induced cell apoptosis via Bad. Myricetin inhibits the proliferation and invasion and induces apoptosis in EC9706 and KYSE30 cells via RSK2. Myricetin exerts anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, and pro-apoptotic effects on esophageal carcinoma EC9706 and KYSE30 cells via RSK2. Our results provide novel insight into myricetin as a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiao Zang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Phosphorylation of RSK2 at Tyr529 by FGFR2-p38 enhances human mammary epithelial cells migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2461-70. [PMID: 25014166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The members of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family of Ser/Thr kinases are downstream effectors of MAPK/ERK pathway that regulate diverse cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation and survival. In carcinogenesis, RSKs are thought to modulate cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Herein, we have studied an involvement of RSKs in FGF2/FGFR2-driven behaviours of mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. We found that both silencing and inhibiting of FGFR2 attenuated phosphorylation of RSKs, whereas FGFR2 overexpression and/or its stimulation with FGF2 enhanced RSKs activity. Moreover, treatment with ERK, Src and p38 inhibitors revealed that p38 kinase acts as an upstream RSK2 regulator. We demonstrate for the first time that in FGF2/FGFR2 signalling, p38 but not MEK/ERK, indirectly activated RSK2 at Tyr529, which facilitated phosphorylation of its other residues (Thr359/Ser363, Thr573 and Ser380). In contrast to FGF2-triggered signalling, inhibition of p38 in the EGF pathway affected only RSK2-Tyr529, without any impact on the remaining RSK phosphorylation sites. p38-mediated phosphorylation of RSK2-Tyr529 was crucial for the transactivation of residues located at kinase C-terminal domain and linker-region, specifically, in the FGF2/FGFR2 signalling pathway. Furthermore, we show that FGF2 promoted anchorage-independent cell proliferation, formation of focal adhesions and cell migration, which was effectively abolished by treatment with RSKs inhibitor (FMK). These indicate that RSK2 activity is indispensable for FGF2/FGFR2-mediated cellular effects. Our findings identified a new FGF2/FGFR2-p38-RSK2 pathway, which may play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer and, hence, may present a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of FGFR2-expressing tumours.
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Sun H, Liu J, Zheng Y, Pan Y, Zhang K, Chen J. Distinct chemokine signaling regulates integrin ligand specificity to dictate tissue-specific lymphocyte homing. Dev Cell 2014; 30:61-70. [PMID: 24954024 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune surveillance and host defense depend on the precisely regulated trafficking of lymphocytes. Integrin α4β7 mediates lymphocyte homing to the gut through its interaction with mucosal vascular address in cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1). α4β7 also binds vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), which is expressed in other tissues. To maintain the tissue specificity of lymphocyte homing, α4β7 must distinguish one ligand from the other. Here, we demonstrate that α4β7 is activated by different chemokines in a ligand-specific manner. CCL25 stimulation promotes α4β7-mediated lymphocyte adhesion to MAdCAM-1 but suppresses adhesion to VCAM-1, whereas CXCL10 stimulation has the opposite effect. Using separate pathways, CCL25 and CXCL10 stimulate differential phosphorylation states of the β7 tail and distinct talin and kindlin-3 binding patterns, resulting in different binding affinities of MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1 to α4β7. Thus, our findings provide a mechanism for lymphocyte traffic control through the unique ligand-specific regulation of integrin adhesion by different chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - YaJuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - YouDong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - JianFeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Mathew SS, Nieves B, Sequeira S, Sambandamoorthy S, Pumiglia K, Larsen M, Laflamme SE. Integrins promote cytokinesis through the RSK signaling axis. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:534-45. [PMID: 24284076 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final stage in cell division. Although integrins can regulate cytokinesis, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that integrin-regulated ERK (extracellular signal-related kinase) and RSK (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) signaling promotes successful cytokinesis. Inhibiting the activation of ERK and RSK in CHO cells by a mutation in the integrin β1 cytoplasmic tail or with pharmacological inhibitors results in the accumulation of cells with midbodies and the formation of binucleated cells. Activation of ERK and RSK signaling by the expression of constitutively active RAF1 suppresses the mutant phenotype in a RSK-dependent manner. Constitutively active RSK2 also restores cytokinesis inhibited by the mutant integrin. Importantly, the regulatory role of the RSK pathway is not specific to CHO cells. MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells and HPNE human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells exhibit a similar dependence on RSK for successful cytokinesis. In addition, depriving mitotic MCF10A cells of integrin-mediated adhesion by incubating them in suspension suppressed ERK and RSK activation and resulted in a failure of cytokinesis. Furthermore, inhibition of RSK or integrins within the 3D context of a developing salivary gland organ explant also leads to an accumulation of epithelial cells with midbodies, suggesting a similar defect in cytokinesis. Interestingly, neither ERK nor RSK regulates cytokinesis in human fibroblasts, suggesting cell-type specificity. Taken together, our results identify the integrin-RSK signaling axis as an important regulator of cytokinesis in epithelial cells. We propose that the proper interaction of cells with their microenvironment through integrins contributes to the maintenance of genomic stability by promoting the successful completion of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomita S Mathew
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Hegde S, Raghavan S. A Skin-depth Analysis of Integrins: Role of the Integrin Network in Health and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:155-69. [DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2013.854334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang T, Xuan X, Li M, Gao P, Zheng Y, Zang W, Zhao G. Astragalus saponins affect proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:179. [PMID: 24152941 PMCID: PMC3818446 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astragalus memebranaceus is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used in treatment of common cold, diarrhea, fatigue, anorexia and cardiac diseases. Recently, there are growing evidences that Astragalus extract may be a potential anti-tumorigenic agent. Some research showed that the total saponins obtained from Astragalus membranaceus possess significant antitumorigenic activity. Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in the world, almost two-thirds of gastric cancer cases and deaths occur in less developed regions. But the effect of Astragalus membranaceus on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells remains unclear. Methods Astragalus saponins were extracted. Cells proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by the flow cytometry. Boyden chamber was used to evaluate the invasion and metastasis capabilities of BGC-823 cells. Tumor growth was assessed by subcutaneous inoculation of cells into BALB/c nude mice. Results The results demonstrated that total Astragalus saponins could inhibit human gastric cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, in additional, Astragalus saponins deceased the invasion ability and induced the apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. Conclusions Total Astragalus saponins inhibited human gastric cancer cell growth, decreased the invasion ability and induced the apoptosis. This suggested the possibility of further developing Astragalus as an alternative treatment option, or perhaps using it as adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent in gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenqiao Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Metastasis, the spreading of cancer cells from a primary tumor to secondary sites throughout the body, is the primary cause of death for patients with cancer. New therapies that prevent invasion and metastasis in combination with current treatments could therefore significantly reduce cancer recurrence and morbidity. Metastasis is driven by altered signaling pathways that induce changes in cell-cell adhesion, the cytoskeleton, integrin function, protease expression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell survival. The ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family of kinases is a group of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) effectors that can regulate these steps of metastasis by phosphorylating both nuclear and cytoplasmic targets. However, our understanding of RSK function in metastasis remains incomplete and is complicated by the fact that the four RSK isoforms perform nonredundant, sometimes opposing functions. Although some isoforms promote cell motility and invasion by altering transcription and integrin activity, others impair cell motility and invasion through effects on the actin cytoskeleton. The mechanism of RSK action depends both on the isoform and the cancer type. However, despite the variance in RSK-mediated outcomes, chemical inhibition of this group of kinases has proven effective in blocking invasion and metastasis of several solid tumors in preclinical models. RSKs are therefore a promising drug target for antimetastatic cancer treatments that could supplement and improve current therapeutic approaches. This review highlights contradiction and agreement in the current data on the function of RSK isoforms in metastasis and suggests ways forward in developing RSK inhibitors as new antimetastasis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Sulzmaier
- Authors' Affiliation: Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
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ERK and RSK regulate distinct steps of a cellular program that induces transition from multicellular epithelium to single cell phenotype. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2743-51. [PMID: 24012955 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) cascade has an evolutionarily conserved three tier architecture consisting of protein kinases Raf, MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase) and ERK. Following activation, ERK phosphorylates various cellular elements leading to diverse cellular responses. Downstream of ERK the family of p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) has been proven to be an important conveyor of ERK signaling, however, little is known if ERK and RSK coordinate their functions to generate a specific biological response. Here we show that in epithelial cells conditional activation of the ERK pathway causes phenotypic conversion of epithelial cells to autonomously migrating cells. This process involves two sequential steps characterized by loss of apical-basal polarity followed by cell scattering. The activation of ERK, but not RSK, is sufficient for the execution of the first step and it requires calpain mediated remodeling of actin cytoskeleton. Conversely, RSK regulates the successive stage characterized by cell-cell contact weakening and increased cellular migration. Thus, ERK and RSK regulate different cellular subprograms and coordinated execution of these subprograms in time generates a relevant biological response. Our data also suggest that the mechanism by which the ERK pathway controls a cellular response may be distributed between ERK and RSK, rather than being elicited by a single effector kinase.
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IMP1 promotes choriocarcinoma cell migration and invasion through the novel effectors RSK2 and PPME1. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 131:182-90. [PMID: 23911878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oncofetal protein insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 1 (IMP1) regulates cellular proliferation and migration. Expression of IMP1 is limited to a few adult human tissues. However, it commonly expresses in a variety of cancers. Our objective was to study the regulatory mechanism of IMP1 on the cellular functions of choriocarcinoma (CC) JAR cells. METHODS IMP1 protein levels were measured in CC tissues via immunohistochemistry. Specific siRNAs were used to down-regulate gene expressions. The abilities of migration and invasion were estimated by wound-healing and Matrigel chamber assays. The profile of IMP1-binding genes was investigated with an Agilent microarray. RT-qPCR, RNA immunoprecipitation, and IMP1 rescue experiments were performed to confirm the association between IMP1 and its binding genes. Gene expression was further analyzed by using RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Strong IMP1 expressions were frequently detected in CC tissues. Knockdown of IMP1 expression in JAR cells inhibited cell migration and invasion, but did not affect cellular proliferation and morphology. Microarray and RNA-immunoprecipitation results revealed several candidate genes regulated by IMP1. Among them, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK2) and protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 (PPME1) were confirmed to be down-regulated in IMP1-depleted JAR cells. Re-expression of IMP1 into the cells restored the expressions of RSK2 and PPME1. Furthermore, the depletion of RSK2 or PPME1 decreased the migration and invasion of JAR cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IMP1 plays an essential role in the regulation of migration and invasion of human CC cells, possibly through the novel effectors RSK2 and PPME1.
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Bouvard D, Pouwels J, De Franceschi N, Ivaska J. Integrin inactivators: balancing cellular functions in vitro and in vivo. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:430-42. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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