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Gil-Pitarch C, Serrano-Maciá M, Simon J, Mosca L, Conter C, Rejano-Gordillo CM, Zapata-Pavas LE, Peña-Sanfélix P, Azkargorta M, Rodríguez-Agudo R, Lachiondo-Ortega S, Mercado-Gómez M, Delgado TC, Porcelli M, Aurrekoetxea I, Sutherland JD, Barrio R, Xirodimas D, Aspichueta P, Elortza F, Martínez-Cruz LA, Nogueiras R, Iruzubieta P, Crespo J, Masson S, McCain MV, Reeves HL, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Mayor U, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, González-Recio I, Martínez-Chantar ML. Neddylation inhibition prevents acetaminophen-induced liver damage by enhancing the anabolic cardiolipin pathway. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101653. [PMID: 39019009 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant cause of acute liver failure (ALF) and liver transplantation in the Western world. Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a main contributor of DILI, leading to hepatocyte cell death through necrosis. Here, we identified that neddylation, an essential post-translational modification involved in the mitochondria function, was upregulated in liver biopsies from patients with APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) and in mice treated with an APAP overdose. MLN4924, an inhibitor of the neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8 (NEDD8)-activating enzyme (NAE-1), ameliorated necrosis and boosted liver regeneration in AILI. To understand how neddylation interferes in AILI, whole-body biotinylated NEDD8 (bioNEDD8) and ubiquitin (bioUB) transgenic mice were investigated under APAP overdose with and without MLN4924. The cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) synthase TAM41, responsible for producing cardiolipin essential for mitochondrial activity, was found modulated under AILI and restored its levels by inhibiting neddylation. Understanding this ubiquitin-like crosstalk in AILI is essential for developing promising targeted inhibitors for DILI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Gil-Pitarch
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jorge Simon
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Laura Mosca
- Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link University, Via del Casale di San Pio V, 44 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Conter
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Claudia M Rejano-Gordillo
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, University Institute of Biosanitary Research of Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - L Estefanía Zapata-Pavas
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Patricia Peña-Sanfélix
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), ProteoRed-ISCIII, CIBERehd, Science and Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Rubén Rodríguez-Agudo
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sofía Lachiondo-Ortega
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maria Mercado-Gómez
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Teresa C Delgado
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marina Porcelli
- Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link University, Via del Casale di San Pio V, 44 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Igor Aurrekoetxea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - James D Sutherland
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), ProteoRed-ISCIII, CIBERehd, Science and Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Physiology, CIMUS, 15782 University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Steven Masson
- The Liver Unit, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NE7 7DN Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Misti Vanette McCain
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen L Reeves
- The Liver Unit, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NE7 7DN Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Raul J Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Digestivas, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, UICEC SCReN, Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ugo Mayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - María L Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Rua AJ, Mitchell W, Claypool SM, Alder NN, Alexandrescu AT. Perturbations in mitochondrial metabolism associated with defective cardiolipin biosynthesis: An in-organello real-time NMR study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.18.599628. [PMID: 38948727 PMCID: PMC11212973 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.599628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central to cellular metabolism; hence, their dysfunction contributes to a wide array of human diseases including cancer, cardiopathy, neurodegeneration, and heritable pathologies such as Barth syndrome. Cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of the mitochondrion promotes proper cristae morphology, bioenergetic functions, and directly affects metabolic reactions carried out in mitochondrial membranes. To match tissue-specific metabolic demands, cardiolipin typically undergoes an acyl tail remodeling process with the final step carried out by the phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase tafazzin. Mutations in the tafazzin gene are the primary cause of Barth syndrome. Here, we investigated how defects in cardiolipin biosynthesis and remodeling impact metabolic flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and associated pathways in yeast. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to monitor in real-time the metabolic fate of 13C3-pyruvate in isolated mitochondria from three isogenic yeast strains. We compared mitochondria from a wild-type strain to mitochondria from a Δtaz1 strain that lacks tafazzin and contains lower amounts of unremodeled cardiolipin, and mitochondria from a Δcrd1 strain that lacks cardiolipin synthase and cannot synthesize cardiolipin. We found that the 13C-label from the pyruvate substrate was distributed through about twelve metabolites. Several of the identified metabolites were specific to yeast pathways, including branched chain amino acids and fusel alcohol synthesis. Most metabolites showed similar kinetics amongst the different strains but mevalonate and α-ketoglutarate, as well as the NAD+/NADH couple measured in separate nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, showed pronounced differences. Taken together, the results show that cardiolipin remodeling influences pyruvate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle flux, and the levels of mitochondrial nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Rua
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Wayne Mitchell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Steven M. Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nathan N. Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Andrei T. Alexandrescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Aneli S, Ceccatelli Berti C, Gilea AI, Birolo G, Mutti G, Pavesi A, Baruffini E, Goffrini P, Capelli C. Functional characterization of archaic-specific variants in mitonuclear genes: insights from comparative analysis in S. cerevisiae. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1152-1163. [PMID: 38558123 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neanderthal and Denisovan hybridisation with modern humans has generated a non-random genomic distribution of introgressed regions, the result of drift and selection dynamics. Cross-species genomic incompatibility and more efficient removal of slightly deleterious archaic variants have been proposed as selection-based processes involved in the post-hybridisation purge of archaic introgressed regions. Both scenarios require the presence of functionally different alleles across Homo species onto which selection operated differently according to which populations hosted them, but only a few of these variants have been pinpointed so far. In order to identify functionally divergent archaic variants removed in humans, we focused on mitonuclear genes, which are underrepresented in the genomic landscape of archaic humans. We searched for non-synonymous, fixed, archaic-derived variants present in mitonuclear genes, rare or absent in human populations. We then compared the functional impact of archaic and human variants in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Notably, a variant within the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (YARS2) gene exhibited a significant decrease in respiratory activity and a substantial reduction of Cox2 levels, a proxy for mitochondrial protein biosynthesis, coupled with the accumulation of the YARS2 protein precursor and a lower amount of mature enzyme. Our work suggests that this variant is associated with mitochondrial functionality impairment, thus contributing to the purging of archaic introgression in YARS2. While different molecular mechanisms may have impacted other mitonuclear genes, our approach can be extended to the functional screening of mitonuclear genetic variants present across species and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Aneli
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, C.so Galileo Galilei 22, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Camilla Ceccatelli Berti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 5, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mutti
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Department of Life Sciences, Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Department of Mechanisms of Disease, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Angelo Pavesi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Cristian Capelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
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Gao D, Hu L, Lv H, Lian L, Wang M, Fan X, Xie Y, Zhang J. Ferroptosis Involved in Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanism Exploration of Ferroptosis' Role in Common Pathological Changes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:33-42. [PMID: 37890084 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Regulated cell death is a controlled form of cell death that protects cells by adaptive responses in pathophysiological states. Ferroptosis has been identified as a novel method of controlling cell death in recent years. Several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are shown to be profoundly influenced by ferroptosis, and ferroptosis is directly linked to the majority of cardiovascular pathological alterations. Despite this, it is still unclear how ferroptosis affects the pathogenic alterations that take place in CVDs. Based on a review of the mechanisms that regulate ferroptosis, this review explores the most recent research on the role of ferroptosis in the major pathological changes associated with CVDs, to provide new perspectives and strategies for cardiovascular research and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; and
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Leilei Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; and
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; and
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; and
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; and
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbiao Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; and
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingyu Xie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zhang T, Lyu J, Zhu Y, Laganowsky A. Cardiolipin Regulates the Activity of the Mitochondrial ABC Transporter ABCB10. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3159-3165. [PMID: 37807693 PMCID: PMC10634319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB10 resides in the inner membrane of mitochondria and is implicated in erythropoiesis. Mitochondria from different cell types share some specific characteristics, one of which is the high abundance of cardiolipin. Although previous studies have provided insight into ABCB10, the affinity and selectivity of this transporter toward lipids, particularly those found in the mitochondria, remain poorly understood. Here, native mass spectrometry is used to directly monitor the binding events of lipids to human ABCB10. The results reveal that ABCB10 binds avidly to cardiolipin with an affinity significantly higher than that of other phospholipids. The first three binding events of cardiolipin display positive cooperativity, which is suggestive of specific cardiolipin-binding sites on ABCB10. Phosphatidic acid is the second-best binder of the lipids investigated. The bulk lipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, display the weakest binding affinity for ABCB10. Other lipids bind ABCB10 with a similar affinity. Functional assays show that cardiolipin regulates the ATPase activity of ABCB10 in a dose-dependent fashion. ATPase activity of ABCB10 was also impacted in the presence of other lipids but to a lesser extent than cardiolipin. Taken together, ABCB10 has a high binding affinity for cardiolipin, and this lipid also regulates the ATPase activity of the transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jixing Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Wegener J, Krause S, Parafianczuk V, Chaniotakis I, Schiller J, Dannenberger D, Engel KM. Lipidomic specializations of honeybee (Apis mellifera) castes and ethotypes. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 142:104439. [PMID: 36063873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees of the same colony combine a near-homogeneous genetic background with a high level of phenotypic plasticity, making them ideal models for functional lipidomics. The only external lipid source of the colony is pollen, a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). It has been suggested that differences in exposure to pollen-derived PUFA could partly explain differences in longevity between honeybee castes. We here investigated whether the membrane composition of honeybees plays roles in the physiological adaptation to tasks of individuals within the colony. Membranes of cell heaters, a group of workers producing heat from their flight muscles to uphold brood nest temperature, were compared to those of different types of non-heaters. We found that the lipidomic profiles of these groups fall into clearly different "lipotypes", characterized by chain length and saturation of phospholipid-bound fatty acyl residues. The nutritional exposure to PUFA during early adult life and pupal development at the lower edge of the natural range of brood nest temperature both suppressed the expression of the cell heater-"lipotype". Because cardiolipins (CL) are the lipid class most clearly differentiating honeybee phenotypes, and CL plays central roles in mitochondrial function, dysfunction and aging, our findings could help to understand these processes in other animals and humans. Taken together, the lipidome analysis of different life stages of workers, fertile queens, and drones lead to the hypothesis that honeybee "lipotypes" might represent adaptations to different energetic profiles and the likelihood of exposure to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wegener
- Institute for Bee Research, Friedrich-Engels-Strasse 32, 16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany.
| | - Sophie Krause
- Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1 - 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Parafianczuk
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ioannis Chaniotakis
- Institute for Bee Research, Friedrich-Engels-Strasse 32, 16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Kathrin M Engel
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
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Ji J, Damschroder D, Bessert D, Lazcano P, Wessells R, Reynolds CA, Greenberg ML. NAD supplementation improves mitochondrial performance of cardiolipin mutants. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159094. [PMID: 35051613 PMCID: PMC8883178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant metabolism that are associated in humans with the severe disease Barth syndrome (BTHS). Several metabolic abnormalities are observed in BTHS patients and model systems, including decreased oxidative phosphorylation, reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux, and accumulated lactate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate, which strongly suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) redox metabolism may be altered in CL-deficient cells. In this study, we identified abnormal NAD+ metabolism in multiple BTHS model systems and demonstrate that supplementation of NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improves mitochondrial function. Improved mitochondrial function in the Drosophila model was associated with restored exercise endurance, which suggests a potential therapeutic benefit of NAD+ precursor supplementation in the management of BTHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Deena Damschroder
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Denise Bessert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Pablo Lazcano
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Christian A Reynolds
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America.
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America.
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8
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Pu WT. Experimental models of Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:72-81. [PMID: 34370877 PMCID: PMC8814986 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutation of the gene Tafazzin (TAZ) causes Barth syndrome, an X-linked disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle weakness, and neutropenia. TAZ is an acyltransferase that catalyzes the remodeling of cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here, we review the major model systems that have been established to study the role of cardiolipin remodeling in mitochondrial function and the pathogenesis of Barth syndrome. We summarize key features of each model and provide examples of how each has contributed to advance our understanding of TAZ function and Barth syndrome pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138
- correspondence:
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9
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Ji J, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin function in the yeast S. cerevisiae and the lessons learned for Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:60-71. [PMID: 34626131 PMCID: PMC8755574 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid (PL) of mitochondria and plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial and cellular function. Disruption of the CL remodeling gene tafazzin (TAZ) causes the severe genetic disorder Barth syndrome (BTHS). Our current understanding of the function of CL and the mechanism underlying the disease has greatly benefited from studies utilizing the powerful yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this review, we discuss important findings on the function of CL and its remodeling from yeast studies and the implications of these findings for BTHS, highlighting the potential physiological modifiers that may contribute to the disparities in clinical presentation among BTHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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10
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Liu Y, Cai J, Shen J, Dong W, Xu L, Fang M, Lin Y, Liu J, Ding Y, Qiao T, Li K. SS-31 efficacy in a mouse model of Friedreich ataxia by upregulation of frataxin expression. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:176-188. [PMID: 34387346 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a serious hereditary neurodegenerative disease, mostly accompanied with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, caused by the reduced expression of frataxin (FXN). However, there is still no effective treatment. Our previous studies have shown that SS-31, a mitochondrion-targeted peptide, is capable to upregulate the expression of FXN and improve the mitochondrial function in cells derived from FRDA patients. To further explore the potential of SS-31, we used the GAA expansion-based models, including Y47 and YG8R (Fxn KIKO) mice, primary neurons and macrophages from the mice and cells derived from FRDA patients. After once-daily intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg SS-31 for 1 month, we observed the significant improvement of motor function. The vacuolation in dorsal root ganglia, lesions in dentate nuclei and the lost thickness of myelin sheath of spinal cord were all repaired after SS-31 treatment. In addition, the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and disarrayed abnormal Purkinje cells were dramatically reduced. Interestingly, we found that SS-31 treatment upregulated FXN expression not only at the translational levels as observed in cell culture but also at mRNA levels in vivo. Consequently, mitochondrial morphology and function were greatly improved in all tested tissues. Importantly, our data provided additional evidence that the maintenance of the therapeutic benefits needed continuous drug administration. Taken together, our findings have demonstrated the effectiveness of SS-31 treatment through the upregulation of FXN in vivo and offer guidance of the potential usage in the clinical application for FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weichen Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Maoxin Fang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yibing Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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11
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Ellinghaus TL, Marcellino T, Srinivasan V, Lill R, Kühlbrandt W. Conformational changes in the yeast mitochondrial ABC transporter Atm1 during the transport cycle. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk2392. [PMID: 34936443 PMCID: PMC8694623 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial inner membrane ABC transporter Atm1 exports an unknown substrate to the cytosol for iron-sulfur protein biogenesis, cellular iron regulation, and tRNA thio-modification. Mutations in the human relative ABCB7 cause the iron storage disease XLSA/A. We determined 3D structures of two complementary states of Atm1 in lipid nanodiscs by electron cryo-microscopy at 2.9- to 3.4-Å resolution. The inward-open structure resembled the known crystal structure of nucleotide-free apo-Atm1 closely. The occluded conformation with bound AMP-PNP-Mg2+ showed a tight association of the two nucleotide-binding domains, a rearrangement of the C-terminal helices, and closure of the putative substrate-binding cavity in the homodimeric transporter. We identified a hydrophobic patch on the C-terminal helices of yeast Atm1, which is unique among type IV ABC transporters of known structure. Truncation mutants of yeast Atm1 suggest that the C-terminal helices stabilize the dimer, yet are not necessary for closure of the nucleotide-binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Ellinghaus
- Max-Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Marcellino
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vasundara Srinivasan
- SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, Build. 22a, c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Corresponding author. (W.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Werner Kühlbrandt
- Max-Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Corresponding author. (W.K.); (R.L.)
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12
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Ralph-Epps T, Onu CJ, Vo L, Schmidtke MW, Le A, Greenberg ML. Studying Lipid-Related Pathophysiology Using the Yeast Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:768411. [PMID: 34777024 PMCID: PMC8581491 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.768411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as baker's yeast, is one of the most comprehensively studied model organisms in science. Yeast has been used to study a wide variety of human diseases, and the yeast model system has proved to be an especially amenable tool for the study of lipids and lipid-related pathophysiologies, a topic that has gained considerable attention in recent years. This review focuses on how yeast has contributed to our understanding of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) and its role in Barth syndrome (BTHS), a genetic disorder characterized by partial or complete loss of function of the CL remodeling enzyme tafazzin. Defective tafazzin causes perturbation of CL metabolism, resulting in many downstream cellular consequences and clinical pathologies that are discussed herein. The influence of yeast research in the lipid-related pathophysiologies of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Ralph-Epps
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Chisom J Onu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Linh Vo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael W Schmidtke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Anh Le
- Muskegon Catholic Central High School, Muskegon, MI, United States
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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13
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Falabella M, Vernon HJ, Hanna MG, Claypool SM, Pitceathly RDS. Cardiolipin, Mitochondria, and Neurological Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:224-237. [PMID: 33640250 PMCID: PMC8277580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, it has become clear that lipid homeostasis is central to cellular metabolism. Lipids are particularly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS) where they modulate membrane fluidity, electric signal transduction, and synaptic stabilization. Abnormal lipid profiles reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), are further support for the importance of lipid metablism in the nervous system. Cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid, has recently emerged as a focus of neurodegenerative disease research. Aberrant CL content, structure, and localization are linked to impaired neurogenesis and neuronal dysfunction, contributing to aging and the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and PD. Furthermore, the highly tissue-specific acyl chain composition of CL confers it significant potential as a biomarker to diagnose and monitor the progression in several neurological diseases. CL also represents a potential target for pharmacological strategies aimed at treating neurodegeneration. Given the equipoise that currently exists between CL metabolism, mitochondrial function, and neurological disease, we review the role of CL in nervous system physiology and monogenic and neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology, in addition to its potential application as a biomarker and pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Falabella
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert D S Pitceathly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
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14
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Exploring Yeast as a Study Model of Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration and for the Identification of Therapeutic Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010293. [PMID: 33396642 PMCID: PMC7795310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 gene (PANK2) are the cause of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), the most common form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Although different disease models have been created to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of PKAN, the cascade of molecular events resulting from CoA synthesis impairment is not completely understood. Moreover, for PKAN disease, only symptomatic treatments are available. Despite the lack of a neural system, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been successfully used to decipher molecular mechanisms of many human disorders including neurodegenerative diseases as well as iron-related disorders. To gain insights into the molecular basis of PKAN, a yeast model of this disease was developed: a yeast strain with the unique gene encoding pantothenate kinase CAB1 deleted, and expressing a pathological variant of this enzyme. A detailed functional characterization demonstrated that this model recapitulates the main phenotypes associated with human disease: mitochondrial dysfunction, altered lipid metabolism, iron overload, and oxidative damage suggesting that the yeast model could represent a tool to provide information on pathophysiology of PKAN. Taking advantage of the impaired oxidative growth of this mutant strain, a screening for molecules able to rescue this phenotype was performed. Two molecules in particular were able to restore the multiple defects associated with PKAN deficiency and the rescue was not allele-specific. Furthermore, the construction and characterization of a set of mutant alleles, allowing a quick evaluation of the biochemical consequences of pantothenate kinase (PANK) protein variants could be a tool to predict genotype/phenotype correlation.
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15
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Goncalves RLS, Schlame M, Bartelt A, Brand MD, Hotamışlıgil GS. Cardiolipin deficiency in Barth syndrome is not associated with increased superoxide/H 2 O 2 production in heart and skeletal muscle mitochondria. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:415-432. [PMID: 33112430 PMCID: PMC7894513 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the transacylase tafazzin and characterized by loss of cardiolipin and severe cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial oxidants have been implicated in the cardiomyopathy in BTHS. Eleven mitochondrial sites produce superoxide/hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) at significant rates. Which of these sites generate oxidants at excessive rates in BTHS is unknown. Here, we measured the maximum capacity of superoxide/H2 O2 production from each site and the ex vivo rate of superoxide/H2 O2 production in the heart and skeletal muscle mitochondria of the tafazzin knockdown mice (tazkd) from 3 to 12 months of age. Despite reduced oxidative capacity, superoxide/H2 O2 production was indistinguishable between tazkd mice and wild-type littermates. These observations raise questions about the involvement of mitochondrial oxidants in BTHS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata L S Goncalves
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Schlame
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Gökhan S Hotamışlıgil
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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Serricchio M, Hierro-Yap C, Schädeli D, Ben Hamidane H, Hemphill A, Graumann J, Zíková A, Bütikofer P. Depletion of cardiolipin induces major changes in energy metabolism in Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21176. [PMID: 33184899 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001579rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial inner membrane glycerophospholipid cardiolipin (CL) associates with mitochondrial proteins to regulate their activities and facilitate protein complex and supercomplex formation. Loss of CL leads to destabilized respiratory complexes and mitochondrial dysfunction. The role of CL in an organism lacking a conventional electron transport chain (ETC) has not been elucidated. Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms use an unconventional ETC composed of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and alternative oxidase (AOX), while the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) is generated by the hydrolytic action of the Fo F1 -ATP synthase (aka Fo F1 -ATPase). We now report that the inducible depletion of cardiolipin synthase (TbCls) is essential for survival of T brucei bloodstream forms. Loss of CL caused a rapid drop in ATP levels and a decline in the ΔΨm. Unbiased proteomic analyses revealed a reduction in the levels of many mitochondrial proteins, most notably of Fo F1 -ATPase subunits and AOX, resulting in a strong decline of glycerol-3-phosphate-stimulated oxygen consumption. The changes in cellular respiration preceded the observed decrease in Fo F1 -ATPase stability, suggesting that the AOX-mediated ETC is the first pathway responding to the decline in CL. Select proteins and pathways involved in glucose and amino acid metabolism were upregulated to counteract the CL depletion-induced drop in cellular ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Serricchio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Hierro-Yap
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Schädeli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, State of Qatar.,Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alena Zíková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Bütikofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Metabolic Alterations Caused by Defective Cardiolipin Remodeling in Inherited Cardiomyopathies. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110277. [PMID: 33187128 PMCID: PMC7697959 DOI: 10.3390/life10110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the most energy-consuming organ in the human body. In heart failure, the homeostasis of energy supply and demand is endangered by an increase in cardiomyocyte workload, or by an insufficiency in energy-providing processes. Energy metabolism is directly associated with mitochondrial redox homeostasis. The production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) may overwhelm mitochondrial and cellular ROS defense mechanisms in case of heart failure. Mitochondria are essential cell organelles and provide 95% of the required energy in the heart. Metabolic remodeling, changes in mitochondrial structure or function, and alterations in mitochondrial calcium signaling diminish mitochondrial energy provision in many forms of cardiomyopathy. The mitochondrial respiratory chain creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which couples respiration with oxidative phosphorylation and the preservation of energy in the chemical bonds of ATP. Akin to other mitochondrial enzymes, the respiratory chain is integrated into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The tight association with the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) ensures its structural integrity and coordinates enzymatic activity. This review focuses on how changes in mitochondrial CL may be associated with heart failure. Dysfunctional CL has been found in diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia reperfusion injury and the aging heart. Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by an inherited defect in the biosynthesis of cardiolipin. Moreover, a dysfunctional CL pool causes other types of rare inherited cardiomyopathies, such as Sengers syndrome and Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Ataxia (DCMA). Here we review the impact of cardiolipin deficiency on mitochondrial functions in cellular and animal models. We describe the molecular mechanisms concerning mitochondrial dysfunction as an incitement of cardiomyopathy and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.
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18
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Petit PX, Ardilla-Osorio H, Penalvia L, Nathan E. R. Tafazzin Mutation Affecting Cardiolipin Leads to Increased Mitochondrial Superoxide Anions and Mitophagy Inhibition in Barth Syndrome. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102333. [PMID: 33096711 PMCID: PMC7589545 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tafazzin is a phospholipid transacylase that catalyzes the remodeling of cardiolipin, a mitochondrial phospholipid required for oxidative phosphorylation. Mutations of the tafazzin gene cause Barth syndrome, which is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy, leading to premature death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in Barth syndrome remain poorly understood. We again highlight the fact that the tafazzin deficiency is also linked to defective oxidative phosphorylation associated with oxidative stress. All the mitochondrial events are positioned in a context where mitophagy is a key element in mitochondrial quality control. Here, we investigated the role of tafazzin in mitochondrial homeostasis dysregulation and mitophagy alteration. Using a HeLa cell model of tafazzin deficiency, we show that dysregulation of tafazzin in HeLa cells induces alteration of mitophagy. Our findings provide some additional insights into mitochondrial dysfunction associated with Barth syndrome, but also show that mitophagy inhibition is concomitant with apoptosis dysfunction through the inability of abnormal mitochondrial cardiolipin to assume its role in cytoplasmic signal transduction. Our work raises hope that pharmacological manipulation of the mitophagic pathway together with mitochondrially targeted antioxidants may provide new insights leading to promising treatment for these highly lethal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice X. Petit
- SSPIN Saints-Pères Paris Institut de Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, “Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Autophagy Signalling” Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (R.N.E.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +33(0)6-78-24-80-87
| | - Hector Ardilla-Osorio
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Prions, INSERM-S 1124, Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Lucile Penalvia
- SSPIN Saints-Pères Paris Institut de Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, “Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Autophagy Signalling” Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (R.N.E.)
| | - Rainey Nathan E.
- SSPIN Saints-Pères Paris Institut de Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, “Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Autophagy Signalling” Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (R.N.E.)
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19
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Li Y, Lou W, Grevel A, Böttinger L, Liang Z, Ji J, Patil VA, Liu J, Ye C, Hüttemann M, Becker T, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin-deficient cells have decreased levels of the iron-sulfur biogenesis protein frataxin. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11928-11937. [PMID: 32636300 PMCID: PMC7450130 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes, where it is synthesized locally and plays an important role in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Previous studies in the yeast model have indicated that CL is required for optimal iron homeostasis, which is disrupted by a mechanism not yet determined in the yeast CL mutant, crd1Δ. This finding has implications for the severe genetic disorder, Barth syndrome (BTHS), in which CL metabolism is perturbed because of mutations in the CL-remodeling enzyme, tafazzin. Here, we investigate the effects of tafazzin deficiency on iron homeostasis in the mouse myoblast model of BTHS tafazzin knockout (TAZ-KO) cells. Similarly to CL-deficient yeast cells, TAZ-KO cells exhibited elevated sensitivity to iron, as well as to H2O2, which was alleviated by the iron chelator deferoxamine. TAZ-KO cells exhibited increased expression of the iron exporter ferroportin and decreased expression of the iron importer transferrin receptor, likely reflecting a regulatory response to elevated mitochondrial iron. Reduced activities of mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster enzymes suggested that the mechanism underlying perturbation of iron homeostasis was defective iron-sulfur biogenesis. We observed decreased levels of Yfh1/frataxin, an essential component of the iron-sulfur biogenesis machinery, in mitochondria from TAZ-KO mouse cells and in CL-deleted yeast crd1Δ cells, indicating that the role of CL in iron-sulfur biogenesis is highly conserved. Yeast crd1Δ cells exhibited decreased processing of the Yfh1 precursor upon import, which likely contributes to the iron homeostasis defects. Implications for understanding the pathogenesis of BTHS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenjia Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexander Grevel
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena Böttinger
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zhuqing Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Vinay A Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Cunqi Ye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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20
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Bertero E, Kutschka I, Maack C, Dudek J. Cardiolipin remodeling in Barth syndrome and other hereditary cardiomyopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165803. [PMID: 32348916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a prominent role in cardiac energy metabolism, and their function is critically dependent on the integrity of mitochondrial membranes. Disorders characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction are commonly associated with cardiac disease. The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin directly interacts with a number of essential protein complexes in the mitochondrial membranes including the respiratory chain, mitochondrial metabolite carriers, and proteins critical for mitochondrial morphology. Barth syndrome is an X-linked disorder caused by an inherited defect in the biogenesis of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin. How cardiolipin deficiency impacts on mitochondrial function and how mitochondrial dysfunction causes cardiomyopathy has been intensively studied in cellular and animal models of Barth syndrome. These findings may also have implications for the molecular mechanisms underlying other inherited disorders associated with defects in cardiolipin, such as Sengers syndrome and dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ilona Kutschka
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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21
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Shilovsky GA, Putyatina TS, Ashapkin VV, Yamskova OV, Lyubetsky VA, Sorokina EV, Shram SI, Markov AV, Vyssokikh MY. Biological Diversity and Remodeling of Cardiolipin in Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Pathologies. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 84:1469-1483. [PMID: 31870251 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791912006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Age-related dysfunctions are accompanied by impairments in the mitochondrial morphology, activity of signaling pathway, and protein interactions. Cardiolipin is one of the most important phospholipids that maintains the curvature of the cristae and facilitates assembly and interaction of complexes and supercomplexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The fatty acid composition of cardiolipin influences the biophysical properties of the membrane and, therefore, is crucial for the mitochondrial bioenergetics. The presence of unsaturated fatty acids in cardiolipin is the reason of its susceptibility to oxidative damage. Damaged cardiolipin undergoes remodeling by phospholipases, acyltransferases, and transacylases, creating a highly specific fatty acyl profile for each tissue. In this review, we discuss the variability of cardiolipin fatty acid composition in various species and different tissues of the same species, both in the norm and at various pathologies (e.g., age-related diseases, oxidative and traumatic stresses, knockouts/knockdowns of enzymes of the cardiolipin synthesis pathway). Progressive pathologies, including age-related ones, are accompanied by cardiolipin depletion and decrease in the efficiency of its remodeling, as well as the activation of an alternative way of pathological remodeling, which causes replacement of cardiolipin fatty acids with polyunsaturated ones (e.g., arachidonic or docosahexaenoic acids). Drugs or special diet can contribute to the partial restoration of the cardiolipin acyl profile to the one rich in fatty acids characteristic of an intact organ or tissue, thereby correcting the consequences of pathological or insufficient cardiolipin remodeling. In this regard, an urgent task of biomedicine is to study the mechanism of action of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants effective in the treatment of age-related pathologies and capable of accumulating not only in vitro, but also in vivo in the cardiolipin-enriched membrane fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Shilovsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - T S Putyatina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - V V Ashapkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - O V Yamskova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V A Lyubetsky
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - E V Sorokina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - S I Shram
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - A V Markov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M Y Vyssokikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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22
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Gao T, Shi Y, Xue Y, Yan F, Huang D, Wu Y, Weng Z. Polyphenol extract from superheated steam processed tea waste attenuates the oxidative damage in vivo and in vitro. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13096. [PMID: 31693210 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, tea polyphenols (TPs) was first extracted from tea waste by superheated steam (SS) pretreated ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal extraction (UAH). The optimized strategy presented extracts with the extraction yield up to 21.19% with a significantly higher antioxidant ability, compared with the one without SS pretreatment. Further investigation proved that the SS suppressed the polyphenol oxidase activity of the TPs extract. The ability to scavenge the free radicals were compared in mouse liver mitochondria. Mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cardiolipin peroxidation, and respiratory chain complex (RCC) I-V activities were also evaluated as the index of the mitochondrial oxidative damage. The study supports evidence that the TPs extract exhibited significant protection against oxidative damage on mitochondrial. Furthermore, the effect of TPs on antioxidant ability in zebrafish embryo was evaluated. After TPs pretreatment for 1 day, zebrafish embryos showed a significantly higher survival rate as well as heart rate when facing the oxidative stress. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Polyphenols from tea leaves have been viewed as an antioxidant additive in food, mainly due to the ability of scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The results of this study suggest that the SS pretreatment could be used as an efficient method to extract TPs from the tea waste for the prevention of oxidative damage in the mouse liver mitochondria and zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfang Gao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Shi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fen Yan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Da Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanzi Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.,Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuquan Weng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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23
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Loss of the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin leads to decreased glutathione synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158542. [PMID: 31672571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that loss of CL in the yeast mutant crd1Δ leads to perturbation of mitochondrial iron‑sulfur (FeS) cluster biogenesis, resulting in decreased activity of mitochondrial and cytosolic Fe-S-requiring enzymes, including aconitase and sulfite reductase. In the current study, we show that crd1Δ cells exhibit decreased levels of glutamate and cysteine and are deficient in the essential antioxidant, glutathione, a tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol essential for maintaining intracellular redox potential in almost all eukaryotes, including yeast. Consistent with glutathione deficiency, the growth defect of crd1Δ cells at elevated temperature was rescued by supplementation of glutathione or glutamate and cysteine. Sensitivity to the oxidants iron (FeSO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), was rescued by supplementation of glutathione. The decreased intracellular glutathione concentration in crd1Δ was restored by supplementation of glutamate and cysteine, but not by overexpressing YAP1, an activator of expression of glutathione biosynthetic enzymes. These findings show for the first time that CL plays a critical role in regulating intracellular glutathione metabolism.
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24
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Ror S, Panwar SL. Sef1-Regulated Iron Regulon Responds to Mitochondria-Dependent Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biosynthesis in Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1528. [PMID: 31354649 PMCID: PMC6630100 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis mechanisms allow the prime commensal-pathogen Candida albicans to cope with the profound shift in iron levels in the mammalian host. The regulators, Sef1 and Sfu1 influence activation and repression of genes required for iron uptake and acquisition by inducing the expression of iron regulon genes in iron-deplete conditions and inactivating them in iron-replete condition. Our study for the first time shows that C. albicans coordinates the activation of the iron regulon with the mitochondrial use of iron for Fe–S cluster biosynthesis, a cellular process that is connected to cellular iron metabolism. We took advantage of a mutant defective in mitochondrial biogenesis (fzo1Δ/Δ) to assess the aforesaid link as this mutant exhibited sustained expression of the Sef1 iron regulon, signifying an iron-starved state in the mutant. Our analysis demonstrates that mitochondrion is pivotal for regulation of Fe–S cluster synthesis such that the disruption of this cellular process in fzo1Δ/Δ cells lead to excessive mitochondrial iron accumulation and reduced activity of the Fe–S cluster-containing enzyme aconitase. Sef1 responds to defective Fe–S cluster synthesis by regulated changes in its subcellular localization; it was retained in the nucleus resulting in the induced expression of the iron regulon. We predict that the mitochondrial Fe–S assembly generates a molecule that is critical for ensuring iron-responsive transcriptional activation of the Sef1 regulon. All told, our data marks Fe–S biogenesis as a mechanism that meshes cellular iron procurement with mitochondrial iron metabolism resulting in regulating the Sef1 regulon in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Ror
- Yeast Molecular Genetics Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh Lata Panwar
- Yeast Molecular Genetics Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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25
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Yuan F, Woollard JR, Jordan KL, Lerman A, Lerman LO, Eirin A. Mitochondrial targeted peptides preserve mitochondrial organization and decrease reversible myocardial changes in early swine metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:431-442. [PMID: 29267873 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The mechanisms responsible for cardiac damage in the early stages of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unknown. Mitochondria are intimately associated with cellular myofibrils, with the cytoskeleton functioning as a linkage coordinator, and closely associated to the calcium release sites of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). We hypothesized that early MetS is characterized by mitochondria-related myocardial damage, associated with altered cytoskeletal-mitochondria-SR interaction. Methods and results Domestic pigs were studied after 16 weeks of diet-induced MetS, MetS treated for the last 4 weeks with the mitochondrial-targeted peptide elamipretide (ELAM; 0.1 mg/kg SC q.d), or Lean controls (n = 6/group). Cardiac remodeling and function were assessed by fast comuted tomography. Myocardial mitochondrial structure, SR-mitochondria interaction, calcium handling, cytoskeletal proteins, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were studied ex-vivo. MetS pigs developed hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, yet cardiac function was preserved. MetS-induced mitochondrial disorganization, decreased (C18:2)4 cardiolipin, disrupted ATP/ADP balance, and decreased cytochrome-c oxidase (COX)-IV activity. MetS also increased mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/NADP and GSH/GSSG, and decreased myocardial desmin and β2 tubulin immunoreactivity, and impaired SR-mitochondrial interaction and mitochondrial calcium handling, eliciting myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis. ELAM improved mitochondrial organization and cardiolipin species profile, restored ATP/ADP ratio and COX-IV activity, decreased H202 production, and improved generation of NADPH and GSH. ELAM also improved cytoskeletal-mitochondria-SR interaction and mitochondrial calcium handling, attenuating oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Conclusions Disorganization of cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal-mitochondria-SR network is associated with cardiac reversible changes in early MetS, preceding overt cardiac dysfunction. These findings may introduce novel therapeutic targets for blunting cardiac damage in early MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, PR China
| | - John R Woollard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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26
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Li Y, Lou W, Raja V, Denis S, Yu W, Schmidtke MW, Reynolds CA, Schlame M, Houtkooper RH, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin-induced activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase links mitochondrial lipid biosynthesis to TCA cycle function. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11568-11578. [PMID: 31186346 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes. Although it has long been known that CL plays an important role in mitochondrial bioenergetics, recent evidence in the yeast model indicates that CL is also essential for intermediary metabolism. To gain insight into the function of CL in energy metabolism in mammalian cells, here we analyzed the metabolic flux of [U-13C]glucose in a mouse C2C12 myoblast cell line, TAZ-KO, which is CL-deficient because of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the CL-remodeling enzyme tafazzin (TAZ). TAZ-KO cells exhibited decreased flux of [U-13C]glucose to [13C]acetyl-CoA and M2 and M4 isotopomers of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. The activity of pyruvate carboxylase, the predominant enzyme for anaplerotic replenishing of the TCA cycle, was elevated in TAZ-KO cells, which also exhibited increased sensitivity to the pyruvate carboxylase inhibitor phenylacetate. We attributed a decreased carbon flux from glucose to acetyl-CoA in the TAZ-KO cells to a ∼50% decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, which was observed in both TAZ-KO cells and cardiac tissue from TAZ-KO mice. Protein-lipid overlay experiments revealed that PDH binds to CL, and supplementing digitonin-solubilized TAZ-KO mitochondria with CL restored PDH activity to WT levels. Mitochondria from TAZ-KO cells exhibited an increase in phosphorylated PDH, levels of which were reduced in the presence of supplemented CL. These findings indicate that CL is required for optimal PDH activation, generation of acetyl-CoA, and TCA cycle function, findings that link the key mitochondrial lipid CL to TCA cycle function and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Wenjia Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Vaishnavi Raja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Simone Denis
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Michael W Schmidtke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Christian A Reynolds
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, New York
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
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27
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Copper and iron overload protect Escherichia coli from exogenous H2O2 by modulating membrane phospholipid composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42398-019-00046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Ghosh S, Iadarola DM, Ball WB, Gohil VM. Mitochondrial dysfunctions in barth syndrome. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:791-801. [PMID: 30746873 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare multisystemic genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TAZ gene. TAZ encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that remodels the acyl chain composition of newly synthesized cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to mitochondrial membranes. The clinical abnormalities observed in BTHS patients are caused by perturbations in various mitochondrial functions that rely on remodeled cardiolipin. However, the contribution of different cardiolipin-dependent mitochondrial functions to the pathology of BTHS is not fully understood. In this review, we will discuss recent findings from different genetic models of BTHS, including the yeast model of cardiolipin deficiency that has uncovered the specific in vivo roles of cardiolipin in mitochondrial respiratory chain biogenesis, bioenergetics, intermediary metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and quality control. We will also describe findings from higher eukaryotic models of BTHS that highlight a link between cardiolipin-dependent mitochondrial function and its impact on tissue and organ function. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 9999(9999):1-11, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnika Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Iadarola
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Writoban Basu Ball
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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29
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Raja V, Salsaa M, Joshi AS, Li Y, van Roermund CWT, Saadat N, Lazcano P, Schmidtke M, Hüttemann M, Gupta SV, Wanders RJA, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin-deficient cells depend on anaplerotic pathways to ameliorate defective TCA cycle function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:654-661. [PMID: 30731133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the cardiolipin (CL)-deficient yeast mutant, crd1Δ, has decreased levels of acetyl-CoA and decreased activities of the TCA cycle enzymes aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase. These biochemical phenotypes are expected to lead to defective TCA cycle function. In this study, we report that signaling and anaplerotic metabolic pathways that supplement defects in the TCA cycle are essential in crd1Δ mutant cells. The crd1Δ mutant is synthetically lethal with mutants in the TCA cycle, retrograde (RTG) pathway, glyoxylate cycle, and pyruvate carboxylase 1. Glutamate levels were decreased, and the mutant exhibited glutamate auxotrophy. Glyoxylate cycle genes were up-regulated, and the levels of glyoxylate metabolites succinate and citrate were increased in crd1Δ. Import of acetyl-CoA from the cytosol into mitochondria is essential in crd1Δ, as deletion of the carnitine-acetylcarnitine translocase led to lethality in the CL mutant. β-oxidation was functional in the mutant, and oleate supplementation rescued growth defects. These findings suggest that TCA cycle deficiency caused by the absence of CL necessitates activation of anaplerotic pathways to replenish acetyl-CoA and TCA cycle intermediates. Implications for Barth syndrome, a genetic disorder of CL metabolism, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Raja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Michael Salsaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Amit S Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Carlo W T van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Saadat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Pablo Lazcano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Michael Schmidtke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Smiti V Gupta
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America.
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30
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Links Between Iron and Lipids: Implications in Some Major Human Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040113. [PMID: 30360386 PMCID: PMC6315991 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of iron homeostasis is critical to cellular health as both its excess and insufficiency are detrimental. Likewise, lipids, which are essential components of cellular membranes and signaling mediators, must also be tightly regulated to hinder disease progression. Recent research, using a myriad of model organisms, as well as data from clinical studies, has revealed links between these two metabolic pathways, but the mechanisms behind these interactions and the role these have in the progression of human diseases remains unclear. In this review, we summarize literature describing cross-talk between iron and lipid pathways, including alterations in cholesterol, sphingolipid, and lipid droplet metabolism in response to changes in iron levels. We discuss human diseases correlating with both iron and lipid alterations, including neurodegenerative disorders, and the available evidence regarding the potential mechanisms underlying how iron may promote disease pathogenesis. Finally, we review research regarding iron reduction techniques and their therapeutic potential in treating patients with these debilitating conditions. We propose that iron-mediated alterations in lipid metabolic pathways are involved in the progression of these diseases, but further research is direly needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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31
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Lou W, Ting HC, Reynolds CA, Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Li Y, Ji J, Yu W, Liang Z, Stoyanovsky DA, Anthonymuthu TS, Frasso MA, Wipf P, Greenberger JS, Bayır H, Kagan VE, Greenberg ML. Genetic re-engineering of polyunsaturated phospholipid profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae identifies a novel role for Cld1 in mitigating the effects of cardiolipin peroxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1354-1368. [PMID: 29935382 PMCID: PMC6641546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid localized almost exclusively within the mitochondrial membranes where it is synthesized. Newly synthesized CL undergoes acyl remodeling to produce CL species enriched with unsaturated acyl groups. Cld1 is the only identified CL-specific phospholipase in yeast and is required to initiate the CL remodeling pathway. In higher eukaryotes, peroxidation of CL, yielding CLOX, has been implicated in the cellular signaling events that initiate apoptosis. CLOX can undergo enzymatic hydrolysis, resulting in the release of lipid mediators with signaling properties. Our previous findings suggested that CLD1 expression is upregulated in response to oxidative stress, and that one of the physiological roles of CL remodeling is to remove peroxidized CL. To exploit the powerful yeast model to study functions of CLD1 in CL peroxidation, we expressed the H. brasiliensis Δ12-desaturase gene in yeast, which then synthesized poly unsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) that are incorporated into CL species. Using LC-MS based redox phospholipidomics, we identified and quantified the molecular species of CL and other phospholipids in cld1Δ vs. WT cells. Loss of CLD1 led to a dramatic decrease in chronological lifespan, mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiratory capacity; it also resulted in increased levels of mono-hydroperoxy-CLs, particularly among the highly unsaturated CL species, including tetralinoleoyl-CL. In addition, purified Cld1 exhibited a higher affinity for CLOX, and treatment of cells with H2O2 increased CLD1 expression in the logarithmic growth phase. These data suggest that CLD1 expression is required to mitigate oxidative stress. The findings from this study contribute to our overall understanding of CL remodeling and its role in mitigating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hsiu-Chi Ting
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christian A Reynolds
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Zhuqing Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Detcho A Stoyanovsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael A Frasso
- Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics,and Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
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32
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van Vliet AR, Sassano ML, Agostinis P. The Unfolded Protein Response and Membrane Contact Sites: Tethering as a Matter of Life and Death? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2515256418770512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the most extensive organelle of the eukaryotic cell and constitutes the major site of protein and lipid synthesis and regulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. To exert these functions properly, the ER network is shaped in structurally and functionally distinct domains that dynamically remodel in response to intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Moreover, the ER establishes a tight communication with virtually all organelles of the cell through specific subdomains called membrane contact sites. These contact sites allow preferential, nonvesicular channeling of key biological mediators including lipids and Ca2+ between organelles and are harnessed by the ER to interface with and coregulate a variety of organellar functions that are vital to maintain homeostasis. When ER homeostasis is lost, a condition that triggers the activation of an evolutionarily conserved pathway called the unfolded protein response (UPR), the ER undergoes rapid remodeling. These dynamic changes in ER morphology are functionally coupled to the modulation or formation of contact sites with key organelles, such as mitochondria and the plasma membrane, which critically regulate cell fate decisions of the ER-stressed cells. Certain components of the UPR have been shown to facilitate the formation of contact sites through various mechanisms including remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we discuss old and emerging evidence linking the UPR machinery to contact site formation in mammalian cells and discuss their important role in cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. van Vliet
- Cell Death Research & Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research & Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
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de Taffin de Tilques M, Lasserre JP, Godard F, Sardin E, Bouhier M, Le Guedard M, Kucharczyk R, Petit PX, Testet E, di Rago JP, Tribouillard-Tanvier D. Decreasing cytosolic translation is beneficial to yeast and human Tafazzin-deficient cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:220-232. [PMID: 29796387 PMCID: PMC5961916 DOI: 10.15698/mic2018.05.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) optimizes diverse mitochondrial processes, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). To function properly, CL needs to be unsaturated, which requires the acyltransferase Tafazzin (TAZ). Loss-of-function mutations in the TAZ gene are responsible for the Barth syndrome (BTHS), a rare X-linked cardiomyopathy, presumably because of a diminished OXPHOS capacity. Herein we show that a partial inhibition of cytosolic protein synthesis, either chemically with the use of cycloheximide or by specific genetic mutations, fully restores biogenesis and the activity of the oxidative phosphorylation system in a yeast BTHS model (taz1Δ). Interestingly, the defaults in CL were not suppressed, indicating that they are not primarily responsible for the OXPHOS deficiency in taz1Δ yeast. Low concentrations of cycloheximide in the picomolar range were beneficial to TAZ-deficient HeLa cells, as evidenced by the recovery of a good proliferative capacity. These findings reveal that a diminished capacity of CL remodeling deficient cells to preserve protein homeostasis is likely an important factor contributing to the pathogenesis of BTHS. This in turn, identifies cytosolic translation as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence de Taffin de Tilques
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Jean-Paul Lasserre
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - François Godard
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Elodie Sardin
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Marine Bouhier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Marina Le Guedard
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS UMR 5200, Université de Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,LEB Aquitaine Transfert-ADERA, FR-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, Cedex, France
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrice X Petit
- CNRS FR3636 Fédération de recherché en Neuroscience, Université Paris-Descartes, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Eric Testet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS UMR 5200, Université de Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
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Legati A, Reyes A, Ceccatelli Berti C, Stehling O, Marchet S, Lamperti C, Ferrari A, Robinson AJ, Mühlenhoff U, Lill R, Zeviani M, Goffrini P, Ghezzi D. A novel de novo dominant mutation in ISCU associated with mitochondrial myopathy. J Med Genet 2017; 54:815-824. [PMID: 29079705 PMCID: PMC5740555 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary myopathy with lactic acidosis and myopathy with deficiency of succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase are variants of a recessive disorder characterised by childhood-onset early fatigue, dyspnoea and palpitations on trivial exercise. The disease is non-progressive, but life-threatening episodes of widespread weakness, metabolic acidosis and rhabdomyolysis may occur. So far, this disease has been molecularly defined only in Swedish patients, all homozygous for a deep intronic splicing affecting mutation in ISCU encoding a scaffold protein for the assembly of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters. A single Scandinavian family was identified with a different mutation, a missense change in compound heterozygosity with the common intronic mutation. The aim of the study was to identify the genetic defect in our proband. METHODS A next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach was carried out on an Italian male who presented in childhood with ptosis, severe muscle weakness and exercise intolerance. His disease was slowly progressive, with partial recovery between episodes. Patient's specimens and yeast models were investigated. RESULTS Histochemical and biochemical analyses on muscle biopsy showed multiple defects affecting mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. We identified a single heterozygous mutation p.Gly96Val in ISCU, which was absent in DNA from his parents indicating a possible de novo dominant effect in the patient. Patient fibroblasts showed normal levels of ISCU protein and a few variably affected Fe-S cluster-dependent enzymes. Yeast studies confirmed both pathogenicity and dominance of the identified missense mutation. CONCLUSION We describe the first heterozygous dominant mutation in ISCU which results in a phenotype reminiscent of the recessive disease previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Legati
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurelio Reyes
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Camilla Ceccatelli Berti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Oliver Stehling
- Department of Medicine, Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Marchet
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alan J Robinson
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulrich Mühlenhoff
- Department of Medicine, Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Lill
- Department of Medicine, Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany,Unit of Metabolism, LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie SynMikro, Marburg, Germany
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy
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Dudek J. Role of Cardiolipin in Mitochondrial Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:90. [PMID: 29034233 PMCID: PMC5626828 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is an essential constituent of mitochondrial membranes and plays a role in many mitochondrial processes, including respiration and energy conversion. Pathological changes in CL amount or species composition can have deleterious consequences for mitochondrial function and trigger the production of reactive oxygen species. Signaling networks monitor mitochondrial function and trigger an adequate cellular response. Here, we summarize the role of CL in cellular signaling pathways and focus on tissues with high-energy demand, like the heart. CL itself was recently identified as a precursor for the formation of lipid mediators. We highlight the concept of CL as a signaling platform. CL is exposed to the outer mitochondrial membrane upon mitochondrial stress and CL domains serve as a binding site in many cellular signaling events. During mitophagy, CL interacts with essential players of mitophagy like Beclin 1 and recruits the autophagic machinery by its interaction with LC3. Apoptotic signaling pathways require CL as a binding platform to recruit apoptotic factors such as tBid, Bax, caspase-8. CL required for the activation of the inflammasome and plays a role in inflammatory signaling. As changes in CL species composition has been observed in many diseases, the signaling pathways described here may play a general role in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dudek
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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36
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Diabetes-induced abnormalities of mitochondrial function in rat brain cortex: the effect of n-3 fatty acid diet. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 435:109-131. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yadav PK, Rajasekharan R. Cardiolipin deficiency causes triacylglycerol accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 434:89-103. [PMID: 28432553 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In yeast, the synthesis of cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) occurs mainly in mitochondria. CL and PE have overlapping functions, and they are required for mitochondrial function. PE is physiologically linked with triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, involving an acyl-CoA-independent pathway through the phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity of the Lro1 protein. There is no report on the physiological link between CL and TAG metabolism. Here we report a metabolic link between CL and TAG accumulation in the S. cerevisiae. Our data indicated that CL deficiency causes TAG accumulation, involving an acyl-CoA-dependent pathway through the diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity of the Dga1 protein with no changes in the TAG molecular species. The DGA1 gene deletion from the CL-deficient strains reduced the TAG levels. Data from in vitro and in vivo analyses showed that CL did not affect the enzymatic activity of Dga1. Our data also showed that CL deficiency leads to the up-regulation of acetyl-CoA synthetase genes (ACS1 and ACS2) of the cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass pathway. This study establishes a physiological link between CL and TAG metabolism in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Yadav
- Lipidomic Centre, Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, India
| | - Ram Rajasekharan
- Lipidomic Centre, Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, India.
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de Taffin de Tilques M, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Tétaud E, Testet E, di Rago JP, Lasserre JP. Overexpression of mitochondrial oxodicarboxylate carrier (ODC1) preserves oxidative phosphorylation in a yeast model of Barth syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:439-450. [PMID: 28188263 PMCID: PMC5399564 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a diglycerol phospholipid mostly found in mitochondria where it optimizes numerous processes, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). To function properly, CL needs to be unsaturated, which requires the acyltransferase tafazzin. Loss-of-function mutations in this protein are responsible for Barth syndrome (BTHS), presumably because of a diminished OXPHOS capacity. Here, we show that overexpressing Odc1p, a conserved oxodicarboxylic acid carrier located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, fully restores oxidative phosphorylation in a yeast model (taz1Δ) of BTHS. The rescuing activity involves the recovery of normal expression of key components that sustain oxidative phosphorylation, including cytochrome c and electron transport chain complexes IV and III, which are strongly downregulated in taz1Δ yeast. Interestingly, overexpression of Odc1p was also shown previously to rescue yeast models of mitochondrial diseases caused by defects in the assembly of ATP synthase and by mutations in the MPV17 protein that result in hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. These findings define the transport of oxodicarboxylic acids across the inner membrane as a potential therapeutic target for a large spectrum of mitochondrial diseases, including BTHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence de Taffin de Tilques
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux cedex 33077, France
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux cedex 33077, France
| | - Emmanuel Tétaud
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux cedex 33077, France
| | - Eric Testet
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire, CNRS UMR 5200, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine BP81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cédex, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux cedex 33077, France
| | - Jean-Paul Lasserre
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux cedex 33077, France
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Dudek J, Maack C. Barth syndrome cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:399-410. [PMID: 28158532 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an inherited form of cardiomyopathy, caused by a mutation within the gene encoding the mitochondrial transacylase tafazzin. Tafazzin is involved in the biosynthesis of the unique phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), which is almost exclusively found in mitochondrial membranes. CL directly interacts with a number of essential protein complexes in the mitochondrial membranes including the respiratory chain, mitochondrial metabolite carriers, and proteins, involved in shaping mitochondrial morphology. Here we describe, how in BTHS CL deficiency causes changes in the morphology of mitochondria, structural changes in the respiratory chain, decreased respiration, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. A large number of cellular and animal models for BTHS have been established to elucidate how mitochondrial dysfunction induces sarcomere disorganization and reduced contractility, resulting in dilated cardiomyopathy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dudek
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Su Y, Yang Y, Huang Y. Loss of ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, or ppr10 perturbs iron homeostasis and leads to apoptotic cell death in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. FEBS J 2017; 284:324-337. [PMID: 27886462 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins characterized by tandem arrays of a degenerate 35-amino-acid repeat belong to a large family of RNA-binding proteins that are involved in post-transcriptional control of organelle gene expression. PPR proteins are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, and particularly prevalent in higher plants. Schizosaccharomyces pombe has 10 PPR proteins. Among them, ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, and ppr10 participate in mitochondrial post-transcriptional processes and are required for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function. In the present work, we showed that deletion of ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, or ppr10 led to apoptotic cell death, as revealed by DAPI and Annexin V-FITC staining. These mutants also exhibited elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that deletion of ppr10 affected critical biological processes. In particular, a core set of genes involved in iron uptake and/or iron homeostasis was elevated in the Δppr10 mutant, suggesting an elevated level of intracellular iron in the mutant. Consistent with this notion, Δppr3, Δppr4, Δppr6, and Δppr10 mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to iron. Furthermore, the iron chelator, bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid, but not the calcium chelator EGTA, nearly restored the viabilities of Δppr3, Δppr4, Δppr6, and Δppr10 mutants, and reduced ROS levels in the mutants. These results show for the first time that deletion of a ppr gene leads to perturbation of iron homeostasis. Our results also suggest that disrupted iron homeostasis in Δppr3, Δppr4, Δppr6, and Δppr10 mutants may lead to an increase in the level of ROS and induction of apoptotic cell death in S. pombe. DATABASE The RNA-seq data have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BioProject database (accession number SRP091623) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (accession number GSE90144).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
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Shen Z, Li Y, Gasparski AN, Abeliovich H, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin Regulates Mitophagy through the Protein Kinase C Pathway. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2916-2923. [PMID: 28062576 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL), the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes, is important for cardiovascular health, and perturbation of CL metabolism is implicated in cardiovascular disease. Although the role of CL in mitochondrial function, biogenesis, and genome stability has been studied, recent findings indicate that it is essential for functions apart from mitochondrial bioenergetics. In this study, we report that mitophagy is perturbed in CL-deficient yeast cells. Mutants of autophagy/mitophagy genes ATG8, ATG18, and ATG32 synthetically interact with CL synthase mutant crd1Δ. CL-deficient cells exhibited decreased GFP-tagged mitochondrial proteins inside the vacuole and decreased free GFP, consistent with decreased mitophagy. Both PKC and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAPK pathways were shown previously to be required for mitophagy. Activation of both MAPKs was defective in CL-deficient cells. Deletion of HOG pathway genes SHO1, SSK1, STE50, and HOG1 exacerbated crd1Δ growth. 1 m sorbitol and 0.2 m NaCl, which induce the HOG pathway, rescued growth of the mutant. Activation of the MAPK Slt2p was defective in crd1Δ cells, and up-regulation of the PKC pathway by expression of the PKC1R398P gene, which encodes constitutively activated Pkc1p, rescued crd1Δ growth and mitophagy defects. These findings indicate that loss of CL impairs MAPK pathway activation, and decreased activation of the PKC pathway leads to defective mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheni Shen
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 and
| | - Yiran Li
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 and
| | - Alexander N Gasparski
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 and
| | - Hagai Abeliovich
- the Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 and
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Abstract
Mitochondria have to import the vast majority of their proteins, which are synthesized as precursors on cytosolic ribosomes. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM complex) forms the general entry gate for the precursor proteins, which are subsequently sorted by protein machineries into the mitochondrial subcompartments: the outer and inner membrane, the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. The transport across and into the inner membrane is driven by the membrane potential, which is generated by the respiratory chain. Recent studies revealed that the lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes is important for the biogenesis of mitochondrial proteins. Cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine exhibit unexpectedly specific functions for the activity of distinct protein translocases. Both phospholipids are required for full activity of respiratory chain complexes and thus to maintain the membrane potential for protein import. In addition, cardiolipin is required to maintain structural integrity of mitochondrial protein translocases. Finally, the low sterol content in the mitochondrial outer membrane may contribute to the targeting of some outer membrane proteins with a single α-helical membrane anchor. Altogether, mitochondrial lipids modulate protein import on various levels involving precursor targeting, membrane potential generation, stability and activity of protein translocases.
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Raja V, Joshi AS, Li G, Maddipati KR, Greenberg ML. Loss of Cardiolipin Leads to Perturbation of Acetyl-CoA Synthesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1092-1102. [PMID: 27941023 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL), the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes, plays an important role in mitochondrial processes and bioenergetics. CL is synthesized de novo and undergoes remodeling in the mitochondrial membranes. Perturbation of CL remodeling leads to the rare X-linked genetic disorder Barth syndrome, which shows disparities in clinical presentation. To uncover biochemical modifiers that exacerbate CL deficiency, we carried out a synthetic genetic array screen to identify synthetic lethal interactions with the yeast CL synthase mutant crd1Δ. The results indicated that crd1Δ is synthetically lethal with mutants in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA levels were decreased in the mutant. The synthesis of acetyl-CoA depends primarily on the PDH-catalyzed conversion of pyruvate in the mitochondria and on the PDH bypass in the cytosol, which synthesizes acetyl-CoA from acetate. Consistent with perturbation of the PDH bypass, crd1Δ cells grown on acetate as the sole carbon source exhibited decreased growth, decreased acetyl-CoA, and increased intracellular acetate levels resulting from decreased acetyl-CoA synthetase activity. PDH mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated in crd1Δ cells, but PDH enzyme activity was not increased, indicating that PDH up-regulation did not compensate for defects in the PDH bypass. These findings demonstrate for the first time that CL is required for acetyl-CoA synthesis, which is decreased in CL-deficient cells as a result of a defective PDH bypass pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Raja
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 and
| | - Amit S Joshi
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 and
| | - Guiling Li
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 and
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- the Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 and
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Wang S, Zhang S, Xu C, Barron A, Galiano F, Patel D, Lee YJ, Caldwell GA, Caldwell KA, Witt SN. Chemical Compensation of Mitochondrial Phospholipid Depletion in Yeast and Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164465. [PMID: 27736935 PMCID: PMC5063346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have been investigating the role that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) content plays in modulating the solubility of the Parkinson’s disease protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans. One enzyme that synthesizes PE is the conserved enzyme phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (Psd1/yeast; PSD-1/worms), which is lodged in the inner mitochondrial membrane. We previously found that decreasing the level of PE due to knockdown of Psd1/psd-1 affects the homeostasis of α-syn in vivo. In S. cerevisiae, the co-occurrence of low PE and α-syn in psd1Δ cells triggers mitochondrial defects, stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, misprocessing of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, and a 3-fold increase in the level of α-syn. The goal of this study was to identify drugs that rescue this phenotype. We screened the Prestwick library of 1121 Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs using psd1Δ + α-syn cells and identified cyclosporin A, meclofenoxate hydrochloride, and sulfaphenazole as putative protective compounds. The protective activity of these drugs was corroborated using C. elegans in which α-syn is expressed specifically in the dopaminergic neurons, with psd-1 depleted by RNAi. Worm populations were examined for dopaminergic neuron survival following psd-1 knockdown. Exposure to cyclosporine, meclofenoxate, and sulfaphenazole significantly enhanced survival at day 7 in α-syn-expressing worm populations whereby 50–55% of the populations displayed normal neurons, compared to only 10–15% of untreated animals. We also found that all three drugs rescued worms expressing α-syn in dopaminergic neurons that were deficient in the phospholipid cardiolipin following cardiolipin synthase (crls-1) depletion by RNAi. We discuss how these drugs might block α-syn pathology in dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Addie Barron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Floyd Galiano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Yong Joo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Guy A. Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Kim A. Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Stephan N. Witt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Effects of lipids on mitochondrial functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:102-113. [PMID: 27349299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain two membranes: the outer and inner membrane. Whereas the outer membrane is particularly enriched in phospholipids, the inner membrane has an unusual high protein content and forms large invaginations termed cristae. The proper phospholipid composition of the membranes is crucial for mitochondrial functions. Phospholipids affect activity, biogenesis and stability of protein complexes including protein translocases and respiratory chain supercomplexes. Negatively charged phospholipids such as cardiolipin are important for the architecture of the membranes and recruit soluble factors to the membranes to support mitochondrial dynamics. Thus, phospholipids not only form the hydrophobic core of biological membranes that surround mitochondria, but also create a specific environment to promote functions of various protein machineries. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
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Velayutham M, Hemann CF, Cardounel AJ, Zweier JL. Sulfite Oxidase Activity of Cytochrome c: Role of Hydrogen Peroxide. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:96-104. [PMID: 26709389 PMCID: PMC4689149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, sulfite is generated endogenously by the metabolism of sulfur containing amino acids such as methionine and cysteine. Sulfite is also formed from exposure to sulfur dioxide, one of the major environmental pollutants. Sulfite is used as an antioxidant and preservative in dried fruits, vegetables, and beverages such as wine. Sulfite is also used as a stabilizer in many drugs. Sulfite toxicity has been associated with allergic reactions characterized by sulfite sensitivity, asthma, and anaphylactic shock. Sulfite is also toxic to neurons and cardiovascular cells. Recent studies suggest that the cytotoxicity of sulfite is mediated by free radicals; however, molecular mechanisms involved in sulfite toxicity are not fully understood. Cytochrome c (cyt c) is known to participate in mitochondrial respiration and has antioxidant and peroxidase activities. Studies were performed to understand the related mechanism of oxidation of sulfite and radical generation by ferric cytochrome c (Fe3+cyt c) in the absence and presence of H2O2. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping studies using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) were performed with sulfite, Fe3+cyt c, and H2O2. An EPR spectrum corresponding to the sulfite radical adducts of DMPO (DMPO-SO3-) was obtained. The amount of DMPO-SO3- formed from the oxidation of sulfite by the Fe3+cyt c increased with sulfite concentration. In addition, the amount of DMPO-SO3- formed by the peroxidase activity of Fe3+cyt c also increased with sulfite and H2O2 concentration. From these results, we propose a mechanism in which the Fe3+cyt c and its peroxidase activity oxidizes sulfite to sulfite radical. Our results suggest that Fe3+cyt c could have a novel role in the deleterious effects of sulfite in biological systems due to increased production of sulfite radical. It also shows that the increased production of sulfite radical may be responsible for neurotoxicity and some of the injuries which occur to humans born with molybdenum cofactor and sulfite oxidase deficiencies. Cytochrome c oxidizes sulfite to sulfite radical. In the presence of H2O2, sulfite radical generation from cyt c increases. The formation of sulfite radical is sulfite concentration dependent. This mechanism of sulfite radical formation may be important in sulfite toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Velayutham
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210 ; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Craig F Hemann
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Arturo J Cardounel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Joshi AS, Fei N, Greenberg ML. Get1p and Get2p are required for maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and normal cardiolipin levels. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow019. [PMID: 26926495 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes. CL deficiency leads to defects in mitochondrial function. Using a targeted synthetic lethality screen to identify defects that exacerbate CL deficiency, we determined that deletion of mitochondrial morphology genes in cells lacking CL leads to severe growth defects. We show that ER membrane proteins Get1p and Get2p are required for maintaining normal levels of CL. We propose that these proteins regulate the level of CL by maintaining wild type-like tubular mitochondrial morphology. The genetic interactions observed in this study identify novel physiological modifiers that are required for maintenance of CL levels and mitochondrial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Naomi Fei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Saric A, Andreau K, Armand AS, Møller IM, Petit PX. Barth Syndrome: From Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Associated with Aberrant Production of Reactive Oxygen Species to Pluripotent Stem Cell Studies. Front Genet 2016; 6:359. [PMID: 26834781 PMCID: PMC4719219 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme tafazzin, TAZ, cause Barth syndrome (BTHS). Individuals with this X-linked multisystem disorder present cardiomyopathy (CM) (often dilated), skeletal muscle weakness, neutropenia, growth retardation, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Biopsies of the heart, liver and skeletal muscle of patients have revealed mitochondrial malformations and dysfunctions. It is the purpose of this review to summarize recent results of studies on various animal or cell models of Barth syndrome, which have characterized biochemically the strong cellular defects associated with TAZ mutations. Tafazzin is a mitochondrial phospholipidlysophospholipid transacylase that shuttles acyl groups between phospholipids and regulates the remodeling of cardiolipin (CL), a unique inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid dimer consisting of two phosphatidyl residues linked by a glycerol bridge. After their biosynthesis, the acyl chains of CLs may be modified in remodeling processes involving up to three different enzymes. Their characteristic acyl chain composition depends on the function of tafazzin, although the enzyme itself surprisingly lacks acyl specificity. CLs are crucial for correct mitochondrial structure and function. In addition to their function in the basic mitochondrial function of ATP production, CLs play essential roles in cardiac function, apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle regulation and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. Recent developments in tafazzin research have provided strong insights into the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). An important tool has been the generation of BTHS-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from BTHS patients. In a complementary approach, disease-specific mutations have been introduced into wild-type iPSC lines enabling direct comparison with isogenic controls. iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes were then characterized using biochemical and classical bioenergetic approaches. The cells are tested in a "heart-on-chip" assay to model the pathophysiology in vitro, to characterize the underlying mechanism of BTHS deriving from TAZ mutations, mitochondrial deficiencies and ROS production and leading to tissue defects, and to evaluate potential therapies with the use of mitochondrially targeted antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Saric
- INSERM U 1124 "Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire" and "FR 3567" CNRS Chimie, Toxicologie, Signalisation Cellulaire et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Université Paris Descartes - Centre Universitaire des Saints-PèresParis, France; Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Karine Andreau
- INSERM U 1124 "Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire" and "FR 3567" CNRS Chimie, Toxicologie, Signalisation Cellulaire et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Université Paris Descartes - Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Armand
- INSERM U 1124 "Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire" and "FR 3567" CNRS Chimie, Toxicologie, Signalisation Cellulaire et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Université Paris Descartes - Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères Paris, France
| | - Ian M Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Patrice X Petit
- INSERM U 1124 "Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire" and "FR 3567" CNRS Chimie, Toxicologie, Signalisation Cellulaire et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Université Paris Descartes - Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères Paris, France
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49
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Pokorná L, Čermáková P, Horváth A, Baile MG, Claypool SM, Griač P, Malínský J, Balážová M. Specific degradation of phosphatidylglycerol is necessary for proper mitochondrial morphology and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:34-45. [PMID: 26482708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In yeast, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a minor phospholipid under standard conditions; it can be utilized for cardiolipin (CL) biosynthesis by CL synthase, Crd1p, or alternatively degraded by the phospholipase Pgc1p. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants crd1Δ and pgc1Δ both accumulate PG. Based on analyses of the phospholipid content of pgc1Δ and crd1Δ yeast, we revealed that in yeast mitochondria, two separate pools of PG are present, which differ in their fatty acid composition and accessibility for Pgc1p-catalyzed degradation. In contrast to CL-deficient crd1Δ yeast, the pgc1Δ mutant contains normal levels of CL. This makes the pgc1Δ strain a suitable model to study the effect of accumulation of PG per se. Using fluorescence microscopy, we show that accumulation of PG with normal levels of CL resulted in increased fragmentation of mitochondria, while in the absence of CL, accumulation of PG led to the formation of large mitochondrial sheets. We also show that pgc1Δ mitochondria exhibited increased respiration rates due to increased activity of cytochrome c oxidase. Taken together, our results indicate that not only a lack of anionic phospholipids, but also excess PG, or unbalanced ratios of anionic phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes, have harmful consequences on mitochondrial morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pokorná
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovakia
| | - Petra Čermáková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Horváth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matthew G Baile
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Griač
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovakia
| | - Jan Malínský
- Microscopy Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Balážová
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovakia.
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50
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Gaspard GJ, McMaster CR. Cardiolipin metabolism and its causal role in the etiology of the inherited cardiomyopathy Barth syndrome. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 193:1-10. [PMID: 26415690 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid with many unique characteristics. CL is synthesized in the mitochondria and resides almost exclusively within the mitochondrial inner membrane. Unlike most phospholipids that have two fatty acyl chains, CL possesses four fatty acyl chains resulting in unique biophysical characteristics that impact several biological processes including membrane fission and fusion. In addition, several proteins directly bind CL including proteins within the electron transport chain, the ADP/ATP carrier, and proteins that mediate mitophagy. Tafazzin is an enzyme that remodels saturated fatty acyl chains within CL to unsaturated fatty acyl chains, loss of function mutations in the TAZ gene encoding tafazzin are causal for the inherited cardiomyopathy Barth syndrome. Cells from Barth syndrome patients as well as several models of Barth have reduced mitochondrial functions including impaired electron transport chain function and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mitochondria in cells from Barth syndrome patients, as well as several model organism mimics of Barth syndrome, are large and lack cristae consistent with the recently described role of CL participating in the generation of mitochondrial membrane contact sites. Cells with an inactive TAZ gene have also been shown to have a decreased capacity to undergo mitophagy when faced with stresses such as increased ROS or decreased mitochondrial quality control. This review describes CL metabolism and how defects in CL metabolism cause Barth syndrome, the etiology of Barth syndrome, and known modifiers of Barth syndrome phenotypes some of which could be explored for their amelioration of Barth syndrome in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard J Gaspard
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christopher R McMaster
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Departments of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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