1
|
Wang H, Guo M, Wei H, Chen Y. Targeting p53 pathways: mechanisms, structures, and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:92. [PMID: 36859359 PMCID: PMC9977964 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor is the most frequently altered gene in human cancers, and has been a major focus of oncology research. The p53 protein is a transcription factor that can activate the expression of multiple target genes and plays critical roles in regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and genomic stability, and is widely regarded as the "guardian of the genome". Accumulating evidence has shown that p53 also regulates cell metabolism, ferroptosis, tumor microenvironment, autophagy and so on, all of which contribute to tumor suppression. Mutations in TP53 not only impair its tumor suppressor function, but also confer oncogenic properties to p53 mutants. Since p53 is mutated and inactivated in most malignant tumors, it has been a very attractive target for developing new anti-cancer drugs. However, until recently, p53 was considered an "undruggable" target and little progress has been made with p53-targeted therapies. Here, we provide a systematic review of the diverse molecular mechanisms of the p53 signaling pathway and how TP53 mutations impact tumor progression. We also discuss key structural features of the p53 protein and its inactivation by oncogenic mutations. In addition, we review the efforts that have been made in p53-targeted therapies, and discuss the challenges that have been encountered in clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Wang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hudie Wei
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Polaskova K, Merta T, Martincekova A, Zapletalova D, Kyr M, Mazanek P, Krenova Z, Mudry P, Jezova M, Tuma J, Skotakova J, Cervinkova I, Valik D, Zdrazilova-Dubska L, Noskova H, Pal K, Slaby O, Fabian P, Kozakova S, Neradil J, Veselska R, Kanderova V, Hrusak O, Freiberger T, Klement GL, Sterba J. Comprehensive Molecular Profiling for Relapsed/Refractory Pediatric Burkitt Lymphomas-Retrospective Analysis of Three Real-Life Clinical Cases-Addressing Issues on Randomization and Customization at the Bedside. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1531. [PMID: 32117783 PMCID: PMC7027364 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to identify reasons for treatment failures when using targeted therapies, we have analyzed the comprehensive molecular profiles of three relapsed, poor-prognosis Burkitt lymphoma cases. All three cases had resembling clinical presentation and histology and all three patients relapsed, but their outcomes differed significantly. The samples of their tumor tissue were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing, gene expression profiling, phosphoproteomic assays, and single-cell phosphoflow cytometry. These results explain different treatment responses of the three histologically identical but molecularly different tumors. Our findings support a personalized approach for patient with high risk, refractory, and rare diseases and may contribute to personalized and customized treatment efforts for patients with limited treatment options like relapsed/refractory Burkitt lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Polaskova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Merta
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alexandra Martincekova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Danica Zapletalova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michal Kyr
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Mazanek
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Krenova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Peter Mudry
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marta Jezova
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jiri Tuma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jarmila Skotakova
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ivana Cervinkova
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dalibor Valik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Zdrazilova-Dubska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Noskova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Karol Pal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Fabian
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Sarka Kozakova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Neradil
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Renata Veselska
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Veronika Kanderova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Hrusak
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Freiberger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Brno, Czechia
| | - Giannoula Lakka Klement
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,CSTS Health Care, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hölzl-Armstrong L, Kucab JE, Korenjak M, Luijten M, Phillips DH, Zavadil J, Arlt VM. Characterising Mutational Spectra of Carcinogens in the Tumour Suppressor Gene TP53 Using Human TP53 Knock-in (Hupki) Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:E85. [PMID: 31766274 PMCID: PMC6961128 DOI: 10.3390/mps2040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA in dividing cells is prone to mutagenesis, with mutations making key contributions to human disease including cancer. The tumour suppressor gene TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human tumours. Here, we present a robust protocol for studying TP53 mutagenesis utilising human TP53 knock-in (Hupki) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (HUFs). In the HUF immortalisation assay (HIMA), primary HUFs are treated with known or suspected carcinogens at 3% oxygen and then transferred to 20% atmospheric oxygen to induce senescence. Cells containing mutations (e.g., in TP53) that allow bypassing of senescence eventually emerge as immortalised clonal cell lines after 2-3 months of serial passaging. As not all immortalised HUF cells contain TP53 mutations, we developed a Nutlin-3a counter-screen to select for TP53-mutated clones prior to sequencing. TP53 mutation spectra generated can be compared with those of human tumours recorded in the International Agency for Research on Cancer TP53 mutation database. Environmental mutagens that have demonstrated and validated the utility of the HIMA include ultraviolet radiation, aristolochic acid, and benzo[a]pyrene. The TP53 mutation patterns induced by these mutagens in the HIMA corresponded to those found in human tumours from patients exposed to these mutagens. The approach presented helps to deepen our understanding of human cancer aetiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hölzl-Armstrong
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (L.H.-A.); (J.E.K.); (D.H.P.)
| | - Jill E. Kucab
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (L.H.-A.); (J.E.K.); (D.H.P.)
| | - Michael Korenjak
- Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - David H. Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (L.H.-A.); (J.E.K.); (D.H.P.)
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France; (M.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (L.H.-A.); (J.E.K.); (D.H.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sborchia M, De Prez EG, Antoine MH, Bienfait L, Indra R, Valbuena G, Phillips DH, Nortier JL, Stiborová M, Keun HC, Arlt VM. The impact of p53 on aristolochic acid I-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA damage in vivo and in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3345-3366. [PMID: 31602497 PMCID: PMC6823306 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) is associated with human nephropathy and urothelial cancer. The tumour suppressor TP53 is a critical gene in carcinogenesis and frequently mutated in AA-induced urothelial tumours. We investigated the impact of p53 on AAI-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA damage in vivo by treating Trp53(+/+), Trp53(+/-) and Trp53(-/-) mice with 3.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) AAI daily for 2 or 6 days. Renal histopathology showed a gradient of intensity in proximal tubular injury from Trp53(+/+) to Trp53(-/-) mice, especially after 6 days. The observed renal injury was supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic measurements, where a consistent Trp53 genotype-dependent trend was observed for urinary metabolites that indicate aminoaciduria (i.e. alanine), lactic aciduria (i.e. lactate) and glycosuria (i.e. glucose). However, Trp53 genotype had no impact on AAI-DNA adduct levels, as measured by 32P-postlabelling, in either target (kidney and bladder) or non-target (liver) tissues, indicating that the underlying mechanisms of p53-related AAI-induced nephrotoxicity cannot be explained by differences in AAI genotoxicity. Performing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on kidney tissues showed metabolic pathways affected by AAI treatment, but again Trp53 status did not clearly impact on such metabolic profiles. We also cultured primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Trp53(+/+), Trp53(+/-) and Trp53(-/-) mice and exposed them to AAI in vitro (50 µM for up to 48 h). We found that Trp53 genotype impacted on the expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (Nqo1), a key enzyme involved in AAI bioactivation. Nqo1 induction was highest in Trp53(+/+) MEFs and lowest in Trp53(-/-) MEFs; and it correlated with AAI-DNA adduct formation, with lowest adduct levels being observed in AAI-exposed Trp53(-/-) MEFs. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate that p53 status impacts on AAI-induced renal injury, but the underlying mechanism(s) involved remain to be further explored. Despite the impact of p53 on AAI bioactivation and DNA damage in vitro, such effects were not observed in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Sborchia
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Eric G De Prez
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Hélène Antoine
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucie Bienfait
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, 128 40, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Valbuena
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David H Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Joëlle L Nortier
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, 128 40, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hector C Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tiberti M, Pandini A, Fraternali F, Fornili A. In silico identification of rescue sites by double force scanning. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:207-214. [PMID: 28961796 PMCID: PMC5860198 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation A deleterious amino acid change in a protein can be compensated by a second-site rescue mutation. These compensatory mechanisms can be mimicked by drugs. In particular, the location of rescue mutations can be used to identify protein regions that can be targeted by small molecules to reactivate a damaged mutant. Results We present the first general computational method to detect rescue sites. By mimicking the effect of mutations through the application of forces, the double force scanning (DFS) method identifies the second-site residues that make the protein structure most resilient to the effect of pathogenic mutations. We tested DFS predictions against two datasets containing experimentally validated and putative evolutionary-related rescue sites. A remarkably good agreement was found between predictions and experimental data. Indeed, almost half of the rescue sites in p53 was correctly predicted by DFS, with 65% of remaining sites in contact with DFS predictions. Similar results were found for other proteins in the evolutionary dataset. Availability and implementation The DFS code is available under GPL at https://fornililab.github.io/dfs/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tiberti
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Pandini
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences and Synthetic Biology Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, London, UK
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King‘s College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- The Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, London, UK
| | - Arianna Fornili
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- The Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arlt VM, Meinl W, Florian S, Nagy E, Barta F, Thomann M, Mrizova I, Krais AM, Liu M, Richards M, Mirza A, Kopka K, Phillips DH, Glatt H, Stiborova M, Schmeiser HH. Impact of genetic modulation of SULT1A enzymes on DNA adduct formation by aristolochic acids and 3-nitrobenzanthrone. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:1957-1975. [PMID: 27557898 PMCID: PMC5364269 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) causes aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). Conflicting results have been found for the role of human sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) contributing to the metabolic activation of aristolochic acid I (AAI) in vitro. We evaluated the role of human SULT1A1 in AA bioactivation in vivo after treatment of transgenic mice carrying a functional human SULT1A1-SULT1A2 gene cluster (i.e. hSULT1A1/2 mice) and Sult1a1(-/-) mice with AAI and aristolochic acid II (AAII). Both compounds formed characteristic DNA adducts in the intact mouse and in cytosolic incubations in vitro. However, we did not find differences in AAI-/AAII-DNA adduct levels between hSULT1A1/2 and wild-type (WT) mice in all tissues analysed including kidney and liver despite strong enhancement of sulfotransferase activity in both kidney and liver of hSULT1A1/2 mice relative to WT, kidney and liver being major organs involved in AA metabolism. In contrast, DNA adduct formation was strongly increased in hSULT1A1/2 mice compared to WT after treatment with 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA), another carcinogenic aromatic nitro compound where human SULT1A1/2 is known to contribute to genotoxicity. We found no differences in AAI-/AAII-DNA adduct formation in Sult1a1(-/-) and WT mice in vivo. Using renal and hepatic cytosolic fractions of hSULT1A1/2, Sult1a1(-/-) and WT mice, we investigated AAI-DNA adduct formation in vitro but failed to find a contribution of human SULT1A1/2 or murine Sult1a1 to AAI bioactivation. Our results indicate that sulfo-conjugation catalysed by human SULT1A1 does not play a role in the activation pathways of AAI and AAII in vivo, but is important in 3-NBA bioactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Walter Meinl
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Simone Florian
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Frantisek Barta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 12840, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marlies Thomann
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Iveta Mrizova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 12840, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Annette M Krais
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maggie Liu
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Meirion Richards
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Amin Mirza
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Hansruedi Glatt
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 12840, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz H Schmeiser
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Winkler ML, Bonomo RA. SHV-129: A Gateway to Global Suppressors in the SHV β-Lactamase Family? Mol Biol Evol 2015; 33:429-41. [PMID: 26531195 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are continually evolving in response to environmental pressures. In order to increase enzyme fitness, amino acid substitutions can occur leading to a changing function or an increased stability. These evolutionary drivers determine the activity of an enzyme and its success in future generations in response to changing conditions such as environmental stressors or to improve physiological function allowing continual persistence of the enzyme. With recent warning reports on antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistant bacterial infections, understanding the evolution of β-lactamase enzymes, which are a large contributor to antibiotic resistance, is increasingly important. Here, we investigated a variant of the SHV β-lactamase identified from a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli in 2011 (SHV-129, G238S-E240K-R275L-N276D) to identify the first instance of a global suppressor substitution in the SHV β-lactamase family. We have used this enzyme to show that several evolutionary principles are conserved in different class A β-lactamases, such as active site mutations reducing stability and requiring compensating suppressor substitutions in order to ensure evolutionary persistence of a given β-lactamase. However, the pathway taken by a given β-lactamase in order to reach its evolutionary peak under a given set of conditions is likely different. We also provide further evidence for a conserved stabilizing substitution among class A β-lactamases, the back to consensus M182T substitution. In addition to expanding the spectrum of β-lactamase activity to include the hydrolysis of cefepime, the amino acid substitutions found in SHV-129 provide the enzyme with an excess of stability, which expands the evolutionary landscape of this enzyme and may result in further evolution to potentially include resistance to carbapenems or β-lactamase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Winkler
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krais AM, Mühlbauer KR, Kucab JE, Chinbuah H, Cornelius MG, Wei QX, Hollstein M, Phillips DH, Arlt VM, Schmeiser HH. Comparison of the metabolic activation of environmental carcinogens in mouse embryonic stem cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:34-43. [PMID: 25230394 PMCID: PMC4258613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We compared mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and fibroblasts (MEFs) for their ability to metabolically activate the environmental carcinogens benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) and aristolochic acid I (AAI), measuring DNA adduct formation by (32)P-postlabelling and expression of xenobiotic-metabolism genes by quantitative real-time PCR. At 2 μM, BaP induced Cyp1a1 expression in MEFs to a much greater extent than in ES cells and formed 45 times more adducts. Nqo1 mRNA expression was increased by 3-NBA in both cell types but induction was higher in MEFs, as was adduct formation. For AAI, DNA binding was over 450 times higher in MEFs than in ES cells, although Nqo1 and Cyp1a1 transcriptional levels did not explain this difference. We found higher global methylation of DNA in ES cells than in MEFs, which suggests higher chromatin density and lower accessibility of the DNA to DNA damaging agents in ES cells. However, AAI treatment did not alter DNA methylation. Thus mouse ES cells and MEFs have the metabolic competence to activate a number of environmental carcinogens, but MEFs have lower global DNA methylation and higher metabolic capacity than mouse ES cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette M Krais
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karl-Rudolf Mühlbauer
- Research Group Genetic Alterations in Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jill E Kucab
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Chinbuah
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Cornelius
- Research Group Genetic Alterations in Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Quan-Xiang Wei
- Research Group Genetic Alterations in Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monica Hollstein
- Research Group Genetic Alterations in Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz H Schmeiser
- Research Group Genetic Alterations in Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wohak LE, Krais AM, Kucab JE, Stertmann J, Øvrebø S, Seidel A, Phillips DH, Arlt VM. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce CYP1A1 in human cells via a p53-dependent mechanism. Arch Toxicol 2014; 90:291-304. [PMID: 25398514 PMCID: PMC4748000 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor gene TP53 is mutated in more than 50 % of human tumours, making it one of the most important cancer genes. We have investigated the role of TP53 in cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolic activation of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a panel of isogenic colorectal HCT116 cells with differing TP53 status. Cells that were TP53(+/+), TP53(+/−), TP53(−/−), TP53(R248W/+) or TP53(R248W/−) were treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenz[a,h]anthracene and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, and the formation of DNA adducts was measured by 32P-postlabelling analysis. Each PAH formed significantly higher DNA adduct levels in TP53(+/+) cells than in the other cell lines. There were also significantly lower levels of PAH metabolites in the culture media of these other cell lines. Bypass of the need for metabolic activation by treating cells with the corresponding reactive PAH-diol-epoxide metabolites resulted in similar adduct levels in all cell lines, which confirms that the influence of p53 is on the metabolism of the parent PAHs. Western blotting showed that CYP1A1 protein expression was induced to much greater extent in TP53(+/+) cells than in the other cell lines. CYP1A1 is inducible via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), but we did not find that expression of AHR was dependent on p53; rather, we found that BaP-induced CYP1A1 expression was regulated through p53 binding to a p53 response element in the CYP1A1 promoter region, thereby enhancing its transcription. This study demonstrates a new pathway for CYP1A1 induction by environmental PAHs and reveals an emerging role for p53 in xenobiotic metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Wohak
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Annette M Krais
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Jill E Kucab
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Julia Stertmann
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Steinar Øvrebø
- Department of Biological and Chemical Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Albrecht Seidel
- Biochemical Institute for Environmental Carcinogens, Prof. Dr. Gernot Grimmer-Foundation, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - David H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Malik A, Bissinger R, Calabrò S, Faggio C, Jilani K, Lang F. Aristolochic acid induced suicidal erythrocyte death. Kidney Blood Press Res 2014; 39:408-19. [PMID: 25412628 DOI: 10.1159/000368454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Aristolochic Acid, a component of Aristolochia plants, has been shown to cause acute kidney injury, renal aristolochic acid nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephropathy, and urothelial carcinoma. Aristolochic acid nephropathy may be associated with severe anemia. The anemia could theoretically be due to stimulation of eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with translocation of phosphatidylserine to the erythrocyte cell membrane surface. Signalling involved in the stimulation of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity ([Ca(2+)]i) and formation of ceramide. METHODS Cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure from annexin V binding, [Ca(2+)]i from Fluo3 fluorescence, and ceramide abundance from binding of fluorescent antibodies in flow cytometry. RESULTS A 48 hours exposure to Aristolochic Acid (≥ 75 µg/ml) was followed by a significant decrease of forward scatter and increase of annexin-V-binding. The effects were paralleled by a significant increase of [Ca(2+)]i and significantly blunted, but not abrogated by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). Aristolochic Acid further significantly increased ceramide abundance. CONCLUSIONS Aristolochic Acid triggers eryptosis, an effect at least in part due to entry of extracellular Ca(2+) and ceramide formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abaid Malik
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nguyen TA, Menendez D, Resnick MA, Anderson CW. Mutant TP53 posttranslational modifications: challenges and opportunities. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:738-55. [PMID: 24395704 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The wild-type (WT) human p53 (TP53) tumor suppressor can be posttranslationally modified at over 60 of its 393 residues. These modifications contribute to changes in TP53 stability and in its activity as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stresses in part through regulation of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. The TP53 gene frequently is mutated in cancers, and in contrast to most other tumor suppressors, the mutations are mostly missense often resulting in the accumulation of mutant (MUT) protein, which may have novel or altered functions. Most MUT TP53s can be posttranslationally modified at the same residues as in WT TP53. Strikingly, however, codons for modified residues are rarely mutated in human tumors, suggesting that TP53 modifications are not essential for tumor suppression activity. Nevertheless, these modifications might alter MUT TP53 activity and contribute to a gain-of-function leading to increased metastasis and tumor progression. Furthermore, many of the signal transduction pathways that result in TP53 modifications are altered or disrupted in cancers. Understanding the signaling pathways that result in TP53 modification and the functions of these modifications in both WT TP53 and its many MUT forms may contribute to more effective cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Ai Nguyen
- Chromosome Stability Section, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|