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Lagoudaki ED, Koutsopoulos AV, Sfakianaki M, Papadaki C, Manikis GC, Voutsina A, Trypaki M, Tsakalaki E, Fiolitaki G, Hatzidaki D, Yiachnakis E, Koumaki D, Mavroudis D, Tzardi M, Stathopoulos EN, Marias K, Georgoulias V, Souglakos J. LKB1 Loss Correlates with STING Loss and, in Cooperation with β-Catenin Membranous Loss, Indicates Poor Prognosis in Patients with Operable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1818. [PMID: 38791897 PMCID: PMC11120022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the incidence and prognostically significant correlations and cooperations of LKB1 loss of expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), surgical specimens from 188 metastatic and 60 non-metastatic operable stage I-IIIA NSCLC patients were analyzed to evaluate their expression of LKB1 and pAMPK proteins in relation to various processes. The investigated factors included antitumor immunity response regulators STING and PD-L1; pro-angiogenic, EMT and cell cycle targets, as well as metastasis-related (VEGFC, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, p53, p16, Cyclin D1, ZEB1, CD24) targets; and cell adhesion (β-catenin) molecules. The protein expression levels were evaluated via immunohistochemistry; the RNA levels of LKB1 and NEDD9 were evaluated via PCR, while KRAS exon 2 and BRAFV600E mutations were evaluated by Sanger sequencing. Overall, loss of LKB1 protein expression was observed in 21% (51/248) patients and correlated significantly with histotype (p < 0.001), KRAS mutations (p < 0.001), KC status (concomitant KRAS mutation and p16 downregulation) (p < 0.001), STING loss (p < 0.001), and high CD24 expression (p < 0.001). STING loss also correlated significantly with loss of LKB1 expression in the metastatic setting both overall (p = 0.014) and in lung adenocarcinomas (LUACs) (p = 0.005). Additionally, LKB1 loss correlated significantly with a lack of or low β-catenin membranous expression exclusively in LUACs, both independently of the metastatic status (p = 0.019) and in the metastatic setting (p = 0.007). Patients with tumors yielding LKB1 loss and concomitant nonexistent or low β-catenin membrane expression experienced significantly inferior median overall survival of 20.50 vs. 52.99 months; p < 0.001 as well as significantly greater risk of death (HR: 3.32, 95% c.i.: 1.71-6.43; p <0.001). Our findings underscore the impact of the synergy of LKB1 with STING and β-catenin in NSCLC, in prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni D. Lagoudaki
- Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.V.K.); (M.T.); (E.N.S.)
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (V.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Anastasios V. Koutsopoulos
- Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.V.K.); (M.T.); (E.N.S.)
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (V.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Maria Sfakianaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.S.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (G.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Chara Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.S.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (G.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Georgios C. Manikis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (G.C.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Alexandra Voutsina
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.S.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (G.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Maria Trypaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.S.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (G.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.S.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (G.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Georgia Fiolitaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.S.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (G.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Dora Hatzidaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.S.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (G.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Emmanuel Yiachnakis
- Laboratory of Bio-Medical Data Analysis Digital Applications and Interdisciplinary Approaches, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Dimitra Koumaki
- Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (V.G.); (J.S.)
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.S.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (G.F.); (D.H.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.V.K.); (M.T.); (E.N.S.)
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (V.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Efstathios N. Stathopoulos
- Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.V.K.); (M.T.); (E.N.S.)
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (V.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Kostas Marias
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (G.C.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (V.G.); (J.S.)
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.S.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (G.F.); (D.H.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Souglakos
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (V.G.); (J.S.)
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.S.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (G.F.); (D.H.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
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2
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Qiao M, Zhou F, Liu X, Jiang T, Wang H, Li X, Zhao C, Cheng L, Chen X, Ren S, Wang Z, Zhou C. Targeting focal adhesion kinase boosts immune response in KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated lung adenocarcinoma via remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:11. [PMID: 38291516 PMCID: PMC10826079 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRAS mutation is one of the most common oncogenic drivers in NSCLC, however, the response to immunotherapy is heterogeneous owing to the distinct co-occurring genomic alterations. KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated lung adenocarcinoma displays poor response to PD-1 blockade whereas the mechanism remains undetermined. METHODS We explored the specific characteristics of tumor microenvironment (TME) in KL tumors using syngeneic KRASG12DLKB1-/- (KL) and KRASG12DTP53-/- (KP) lung cancer mouse models. The impact of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor on KL lung tumors was investigated in vitro and in vivo through evaluation of both KL cell lines and KL lung cancer mouse models. RESULTS We identified KL tumors as "immune-cold" tumors with excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen deposition that formed a physical barrier to block the infiltration of CD8+T cells. Mechanistically, abundant activated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) resulted from FAK activation contributed to the formation of the unique TME of KL tumors. FAK inhibition with a small molecular inhibitor could remodel the TME by inhibiting CAFs activation, decreasing collagen deposition and further facilitating the infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, DC cells and M1-like macrophages into tumors, hence, converting "immune-cold" KL tumors into "immune-hot" tumors. The combined FAK inhibitor and PD-1 blockade therapy synergistically retarded primary and metastatic tumor growth of KL tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified FAK as a promising intervention target for KL tumors and provided basis for the combination of FAK inhibitor with PD-1 blockade in the management of KL lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiqi Wang
- InxMed (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201202, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Lenahan SM, Sarausky HM, Deming P, Seward DJ. STK11 loss leads to YAP1-mediated transcriptional activation in human KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:1-8. [PMID: 37968341 PMCID: PMC10794139 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Serine Threonine Kinase 11 (STK11) loss of function (LoF) correlates with anti-PD-1 therapy resistance in patients with KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The molecular mechanisms governing this observation remain unclear and represent a critical outstanding question in the field of lung oncology. As an initial approach to understand this phenomenon, we knocked-out (KO) STK11 in multiple KRAS-driven, STK11-competent human LUAD cell lines and performed whole transcriptome analyses to identify STK11-loss-dependent differential gene expression. Subsequent pathway enrichment studies highlighted activation of the HIPPO/YAP1 signaling axis, along with the induction of numerous tumor-intrinsic cytokines. To validate that YAP1-mediated transcriptional activation occurs in response to STK11 loss, we pursued YAP1 perturbation as a strategy to restore an STK11-competent gene expression profile in STK11-KO LUAD cell lines. Together, our data link STK11 loss with YAP1-mediated transcriptional activation, including the upregulation of immune-evasion promoting cytokines IL-6, CXCL8 and CXCL2. Further, our results raise the intriguing possibility that YAP1 antagonism may represent a therapeutic approach to counter anti-PD-1 therapy resistance in STK11-null, KRAS-driven LUADs by modulating tumor-intrinsic gene expression to promote a "hot" tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Lenahan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Hailey M Sarausky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Paula Deming
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA.
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4
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Seong CS, Huang C, Boese AC, Hou Y, Koo J, Mouw JK, Rupji M, Joseph G, Johnston HR, Claussen H, Switchenko JM, Behera M, Churchman M, Kolesar JM, Arnold SM, Kerrigan K, Akerley W, Colman H, Johns MA, Arciero C, Zhou W, Marcus AI, Ramalingam SS, Fu H, Gilbert-Ross M. Loss of the endocytic tumor suppressor HD-PTP phenocopies LKB1 and promotes RAS-driven oncogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525772. [PMID: 36747658 PMCID: PMC9900931 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS mutations drive aggressive cancers that are difficult to treat in the clinic, and while direct inhibition of the most common KRAS variant in lung adenocarcinoma (G12C) is undergoing clinical evaluation, a wide spectrum of oncogenic RAS variants together make up a large percentage of untargetable lung and GI cancers. Here we report that loss-of-function alterations (mutations and deep deletions) in the gene that encodes HD-PTP (PTPN23) occur in up to 14% of lung cancers in the ORIEN Avatar lung cancer cohort, associate with adenosquamous histology, and occur alongside an altered spectrum of KRAS alleles. Furthermore, we show that in publicly available early-stage NSCLC studies loss of HD-PTP is mutually exclusive with loss of LKB1, which suggests they restrict a common oncogenic pathway in early lung tumorigenesis. In support of this, knockdown of HD-PTP in RAS-transformed lung cancer cells is sufficient to promote FAK-dependent invasion. Lastly, knockdown of the Drosophila homolog of HD-PTP (dHD-PTP/Myopic) synergizes to promote RAS-dependent neoplastic progression. Our findings highlight a novel tumor suppressor that can restrict RAS-driven lung cancer oncogenesis and identify a targetable pathway for personalized therapeutic approaches for adenosquamous lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Soo Seong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Chunzi Huang
- Cancer Animal Models Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Austin C. Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuning Hou
- Cancer Animal Models Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Junghui Koo
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Janna K. Mouw
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Manali Rupji
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Greg Joseph
- Data and Technology Applications Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Henry Claussen
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeffrey M. Switchenko
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madhusmita Behera
- Data and Technology Applications Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jill M. Kolesar
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Katie Kerrigan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wallace Akerley
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Howard Colman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Cletus Arciero
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam I. Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suresh S. Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Gilbert-Ross
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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King CT, Matossian MD, Savoie JJ, Nguyen K, Wright MK, Byrne CE, Elliott S, Burks HE, Bratton MR, Pashos NC, Bunnell BA, Burow ME, Collins-Burow BM, Martin EC. Liver Kinase B1 Regulates Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:847505. [PMID: 35755802 PMCID: PMC9214958 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.847505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a potent tumor suppressor that regulates cellular energy balance and metabolism as an upstream kinase of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. LKB1 regulates cancer cell invasion and metastasis in multiple cancer types, including breast cancer. In this study, we evaluated LKB1’s role as a regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This was achieved by seeding the MDA-MB-231-LKB1 overexpressing cell line onto adipose and tumor scaffolds, followed by the evaluation of tumor matrix-induced tumorigenesis and metastasis. Results demonstrated that the presence of tumor matrix enhanced tumorigenesis in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231-LKB1 cell lines. Metastasis was increased in both MDA-MB-231 and -LKB1 cells seeded on the tumor scaffold. Endpoint analysis of tumor and adipose scaffolds revealed LKB1-mediated tumor microenvironment remodeling as evident through altered matrix protein production. The proteomic analysis determined that LKB1 overexpression preferentially decreased all major and minor fibril collagens (collagens I, III, V, and XI). In addition, proteins observed to be absent in tumor scaffolds in the LKB1 overexpressing cell line included those associated with the adipose matrix (COL6A2) and regulators of adipogenesis (IL17RB and IGFBP4), suggesting a role for LKB1 in tumor-mediated adipogenesis. Histological analysis of MDA-MB-231-LKB1-seeded tumors demonstrated decreased total fibril collagen and indicated decreased stromal cell presence. In accordance with this, in vitro condition medium studies demonstrated that the MDA-MB-231-LKB1 secretome inhibited adipogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate a role for LKB1 in regulating the tumor microenvironment through fibril matrix remodeling and suppression of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor T King
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Jonathan J Savoie
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Maryl K Wright
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - C Ethan Byrne
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Steven Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hope E Burks
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Nicholas C Pashos
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,BioAesthetics Corporation, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Bridgette M Collins-Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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6
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Dzung A, Saltari A, Tiso N, Lyck R, Dummer R, Levesque MP. STK11 Prevents Invasion through Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/5 and FAK Repression in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1171-1182.e10. [PMID: 34757069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The STK11/LKB1 is a tumor suppressor involved in metabolism and cell motility. In BRAFV600E melanoma, STK11 is inactivated by extracellular signal‒regulated kinase and RSK, preventing it from binding and activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and promoting melanoma cell proliferation. Although STK11 mutations occur in 5‒10% of cutaneous melanoma, few functional studies have been performed. By knocking out STK11 with CRISPR/Cas9 in two human BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines, we found that STK11 loss reduced the sensitivity to a BRAF inhibitor. More strikingly, STK11 loss led to an increased invasive phenotype in both three-dimensional spheroids and in vivo zebrafish xenograft models. STK11 overexpression consistently reversed the invasive phenotype. Interestingly, STK11 knockout increased invasion also in an NRAS-mutant melanoma cell line. Furthermore, although STK11 was expressed in primary human melanoma tumors, its expression significantly decreased in melanoma metastases, especially in brain metastases. In the STK11-knockout cells, we observed increased activating phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/5 and FAK. Using inhibitors of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/5 and FAK, we reversed the invasive phenotype in both BRAF- and NRAS-mutated cells. Our findings confirm an increased invasive phenotype on STK11 inactivation in BRAF- and NRAS-mutant cutaneous melanoma that can be targeted by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/5 and FAK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dzung
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Saltari
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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7
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Donnelly LL, Hogan TC, Lenahan SM, Nandagopal G, Eaton JG, Lebeau MA, McCann CL, Sarausky HM, Hampel KJ, Armstrong JD, Cameron MP, Sidiropoulos N, Deming P, Seward DJ. Functional assessment of somatic STK11 variants identified in primary human non-small cell lung cancers. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1428-1438. [PMID: 34849607 PMCID: PMC8727739 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/Threonine Kinase 11 (STK11) encodes an important tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated in lung adenocarcinoma. Clinical studies have shown that mutations in STK11 resulting in loss of function correlate with resistance to anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody therapy in KRAS-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the molecular mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Despite this uncertainty, STK11 functional status is emerging as a reliable biomarker for predicting non-response to anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC patients. The clinical utility of this biomarker ultimately depends upon accurate classification of STK11 variants. For nonsense variants occurring early in the STK11 coding region, this assessment is straightforward. However, rigorously demonstrating the functional impact of missense variants remains an unmet challenge. Here we present data characterizing four STK11 splice-site variants by analyzing tumor mRNA, and 28 STK11 missense variants using an in vitro kinase assay combined with a cell-based p53-dependent luciferase reporter assay. The variants we report were identified in primary human NSCLC biopsies in collaboration with the University of Vermont Genomic Medicine group. Additionally, we compare our experimental results with data from 22 in silico predictive algorithms. Our work highlights the power, utility and necessity of functional variant assessment and will aid STK11 variant curation, provide a platform to assess novel STK11 variants and help guide anti-PD-1 therapy utilization in KRAS-driven NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam L Donnelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tyler C Hogan
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sean M Lenahan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gopika Nandagopal
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jenna G Eaton
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Meagan A Lebeau
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Hailey M Sarausky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kenneth J Hampel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jordan D Armstrong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Margaret P Cameron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nikoletta Sidiropoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Paula Deming
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
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8
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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, Li A, Yue Y, Ma Y, Lin Y. LKB1 Regulates Goat Intramuscular Adipogenesis Through Focal Adhesion Pathway. Front Physiol 2021; 12:755598. [PMID: 34721078 PMCID: PMC8548615 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.755598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition is one of the most important factors to affect meat quality in livestock and induce insulin resistance and adverse metabolic phenotypes for humans. However, the key regulators involved in this process remain largely unknown. Although liver kinase B1 (LKB1) was reported to participate in the development of skeletal muscles and classical adipose tissues. Due to the specific autonomic location of intramuscular adipocytes, deposited between or within muscle bundles, the exact roles of LKB1 in IMF deposition need further verified. Here, we cloned the goat LKB1 coding sequence with 1,317 bp, encoding a 438 amino acid peptide. LKB1 was extensively expressed in detected tissues and displayed a trend from decline to rise during intramuscular adipogenesis. Functionally, knockdown of LKB1 by two individual siRNAs enhanced the intramuscular preadipocytes differentiation, accompanied by promoting lipid accumulation and inducing adipogenic transcriptional factors and triglyceride synthesis-related genes expression. Conversely, overexpression of LKB1 restrained these biological signatures. To further explore the mechanisms, the RNA-seq technique was performed to compare the difference between siLKB1 and the control group. There were 1,043 differential expression genes (DEGs) were screened, i.e., 425 upregulated genes and 618 downregulated genes in the siLKB1 group. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis predicted that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the focal adhesion pathway and its classical downstream signal, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Specifically, knockdown of LKB1 increased the mRNA level of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vice versa in LKB1-overexpressed cells, a key component of the activated focal adhesion pathway. Convincingly, blocking this pathway by a specific FAK inhibitor (PF573228) rescued the observed phenotypes in LKB1 knockdown adipocytes. In conclusion, LKB1 inhibited goat intramuscular adipogenesis through the focal adhesion pathway. This work expanded the genetic regulator networks of IMF deposition and provided theoretical support for improving human health and meat quality from the aspect of IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxue Wang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - An Li
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqi Yue
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Jin R, Liu B, Liu X, Fan Y, Peng W, Huang C, Marcus A, Sica G, Gilbert-Ross M, Liu Y, Zhou W. Leflunomide Suppresses the Growth of LKB1-Inactivated Tumors in the Immune-Competent Host and Attenuates Distant Cancer Metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:274-283. [PMID: 33293343 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-inactivated tumors are vulnerable to the disruption of pyrimidine metabolism, and leflunomide emerges as a therapeutic candidate because its active metabolite, A77-1726, inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which is essential for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. However, it is unclear whether leflunomide inhibits LKB1-inactivated tumors in vivo, and whether its inhibitory effect on the immune system will promote tumor growth. Here, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of leflunomide treatment in various LKB1-inactivated murine xenografts, patient-derived xenografts, and genetically engineered mouse models. We also generated a mouse tumor-derived cancer cell line, WRJ388, that could metastasize to the lung within a month after subcutaneous implantation in all animals. This model was used to assess the ability of leflunomide to control distant metastasis. Leflunomide treatment shrank a HeLa xenograft and attenuated the growth of an H460 xenograft, a patient-derived xenograft, and lung adenocarcinoma in the immune-competent genetically engineered mouse models. Interestingly, leflunomide suppressed tumor growth through at least three different mechanisms. It caused apoptosis in HeLa cells, induced G1 cell-cycle arrest in H460 cells, and promoted S-phase cell-cycle arrest in WRJ388 cells. Finally, leflunomide treatment prevented lung metastasis in 78% of the animals in our novel lung cancer metastasis model. In combination, these results demonstrated that leflunomide utilizes different pathways to suppress the growth of LKB1-inactivated tumors, and it also prevents cancer metastasis at distant sites. Therefore, leflunomide should be evaluated as a therapeutic agent for tumors with LKB1 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Boxuan Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiuju Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yijian Fan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chunzi Huang
- The Cancer Animal Models Shared Resource of Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adam Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gabriel Sica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa Gilbert-Ross
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,The Cancer Animal Models Shared Resource of Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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10
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Granado-Martínez P, Garcia-Ortega S, González-Sánchez E, McGrail K, Selgas R, Grueso J, Gil R, Naldaiz-Gastesi N, Rhodes AC, Hernandez-Losa J, Ferrer B, Canals F, Villanueva J, Méndez O, Espinosa-Gil S, Lizcano JM, Muñoz-Couselo E, García-Patos V, Recio JA. STK11 (LKB1) missense somatic mutant isoforms promote tumor growth, motility and inflammation. Commun Biol 2020; 3:366. [PMID: 32647375 PMCID: PMC7347935 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the contribution of somatic mutations to cancer is essential for personalized medicine. STK11 (LKB1) appears to be inactivated in human cancer. However, somatic missense mutations also occur, and the role/s of these alterations to this disease remain unknown. Here, we investigated the contribution of four missense LKB1 somatic mutations in tumor biology. Three out of the four mutants lost their tumor suppressor capabilities and showed deficient kinase activity. The remaining mutant retained the enzymatic activity of wild type LKB1, but induced increased cell motility. Mechanistically, LKB1 mutants resulted in differential gene expression of genes encoding vesicle trafficking regulating molecules, adhesion molecules and cytokines. The differentially regulated genes correlated with protein networks identified through comparative secretome analysis. Notably, three mutant isoforms promoted tumor growth, and one induced inflammation-like features together with dysregulated levels of cytokines. These findings uncover oncogenic roles of LKB1 somatic mutations, and will aid in further understanding their contributions to cancer development and progression. Paula Granado-Martínez, Sara Ortega, Elena González-Sánchez et al. report a functional analysis of four cancer-associated mutant isoforms of the gene STK11 using cell-based and animal models. They find the mutant isoforms no longer show tumor suppressor activity, promote tumor growth, and affect the regulation of cytokines and genes involved in vesicle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Granado-Martínez
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Sara Garcia-Ortega
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Elena González-Sánchez
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Kimberley McGrail
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Judit Grueso
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Rosa Gil
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Neia Naldaiz-Gastesi
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, San Sebastian, 20014, Spain
| | - Ana C Rhodes
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Javier Hernandez-Losa
- Anatomy Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Berta Ferrer
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,Anatomy Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Francesc Canals
- Proteomics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Josep Villanueva
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Olga Méndez
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Sergio Espinosa-Gil
- Protein Kinases and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department, UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - José M Lizcano
- Protein Kinases and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department, UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Eva Muñoz-Couselo
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,Clinical Oncology Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Vicenç García-Patos
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Juan A Recio
- Biomedical Research in Melanoma-Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute VHIR-Vall d'Hebron Hospital Barcelona-UAB, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.
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11
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Zhang K, Wang J, Wang J, Luh F, Liu X, Yang L, Liu YR, Su L, Yang YCSH, Chu P, Yen Y. LKB1 deficiency promotes proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma through activation of mTOR and focal adhesion kinase signaling pathways. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1650-1663. [PMID: 31497348 PMCID: PMC6726989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a serine/threonine kinase, is frequently inactivated in several types of human cancers. To date, inactivation of LKB1 tumor suppressor has rarely been reported in glioblastoma. In this study, we investigated LKB1 status, biological significance, and therapeutic implications in glioblastoma. Loss of LKB1 immunostaining was identified in 8.6% (5/58), while decrease of LKB1 immunostaining was found in 29.3% (17/58) of glioblastoma tissues. Notably, mining TCGA database of LKB1 expression in glioblastoma revealed that lower mRNA level of LKB1 was associated with shorter survival in glioblastoma. We found that knockdown of LKB1 significantly promoted in vitro proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and metformin-induced apoptosis, and simultaneously enhanced activation of ERK and mammalian-target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways in LKB1-compenent U87 and T98 glioblastoma cells. Moreover, global transcriptional profiling revealed that adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins such as Vinculin, Talin and signaling pathways including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular martrix (ECM) receptor interaction, and cellular motility were significantly enriched in U87 and T98 glioblastoma cells upon LKB1 knockdown. Additionally, we demonstrated that the enhanced activation of FAK by LKB1 knockdown was dependent on differentially expressed cytoskeletal proteins in these glioblastoma cells. Importantly, we further found that mTOR1 inhibitor rapamycin dominantly inhibited in vitro cellular proliferation, while FAK inhibitor PF-573288 drastically decreased invasion of LKB1-attenuated glioblastoma cells. Therefore, downregulation of LKB1 may contribute to the pathogenesis and malignancy of glioblastoma and may have potential implications for stratification and treatment of glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarte, CA, USA
| | - Jinghan Wang
- The First Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- The Integrative Genomics Core Lab, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarte, CA, USA
| | - Frank Luh
- Sino-American Cancer FoundationTemple City, CA, USA
| | - Xiyong Liu
- Sino-American Cancer FoundationTemple City, CA, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of System Biology, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarte, CA, USA
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Leila Su
- Sino-American Cancer FoundationTemple City, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Chen SH Yang
- PhD Program of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Peiguo Chu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarte, CA, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- PhD Program of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
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12
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Hansson B, Olsen LA, Nicoll JX, von Walden F, Melin M, Strömberg A, Rullman E, Gustafsson T, Fry AC, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Lundberg TR. Skeletal muscle signaling responses to resistance exercise of the elbow extensors are not compromised by a preceding bout of aerobic exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R83-R92. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00022.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the effects of a preceding bout of aerobic exercise (AE) on subsequent molecular signaling to resistance exercise (RE) of the elbow extensors. Eleven men performed unilateral elbow-extensor AE (~45 min at 70% peak workload) followed by unilateral RE (4 × 7 maximal repetitions) for both arms. Thus, one arm performed AE+RE interspersed with 15 min recovery, whereas the other arm conducted RE alone. Muscle biopsies were taken from the triceps brachii of each arm immediately before (PRE) and 15 min (POST1) and 3 h (POST2) after RE. Molecular markers involved in translation initiation, protein breakdown, mechanosignaling, and ribosome biogenesis were analyzed. Peak power during RE was reduced by 24% (±19%) when preceded by AE ( P < 0.05). Increases in PGC1a and MuRF1 expression were greater from PRE to POST2 in AE+RE compared with RE (18- vs. 3.5- and 4- vs. 2-fold, respectively, interaction, P < 0.05). Myostatin mRNA decreased in both arms ( P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of AMPK (Thr172) increased (2.5-fold), and 4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) decreased (2.0-fold), after AE (interactions, P < 0.05). p70 S6K, yes-associated protein, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase phosphorylation were unaltered, whereas focal adhesion kinase decreased ~1.5-fold, and β1-integrin increased ~1.3- to 1.5-fold, (time effect, P < 0.05). Abundance of 45S pre-ribosomal (r)RNA (internally transcribed spacer, ITS) decreased (~30%) after AE (interaction, P < 0.05), whereas CMYC mRNA was greater in AE+RE compared with RE (12-fold, P < 0.05). POLR1B abundance increased after both AE+RE and RE. All together, our results suggest that a single bout of AE leads to an immediate decrease in signaling for translation initiation and ribosome biogenesis. Yet, this did not translate into altered RE-induced signaling during the 3-h postexercise recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hansson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luke A. Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Justin X. Nicoll
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, California
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Melin
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Strömberg
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Rullman
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew C. Fry
- Osness Human Performance Laboratories, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy R. Lundberg
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Naser R, Aldehaiman A, Díaz-Galicia E, Arold ST. Endogenous Control Mechanisms of FAK and PYK2 and Their Relevance to Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E196. [PMID: 29891810 PMCID: PMC6025627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its close paralogue, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2), are key regulators of aggressive spreading and metastasis of cancer cells. While targeted small-molecule inhibitors of FAK and PYK2 have been found to have promising antitumor activity, their clinical long-term efficacy may be undermined by the strong capacity of cancer cells to evade anti-kinase drugs. In healthy cells, the expression and/or function of FAK and PYK2 is tightly controlled via modulation of gene expression, competing alternatively spliced forms, non-coding RNAs, and proteins that directly or indirectly affect kinase activation or protein stability. The molecular factors involved in this control are frequently deregulated in cancer cells. Here, we review the endogenous mechanisms controlling FAK and PYK2, and with particular focus on how these mechanisms could inspire or improve anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Naser
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Aldehaiman
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Escarlet Díaz-Galicia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Stefan T Arold
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Gilbert-Ross M, Konen J, Koo J, Shupe J, Robinson BS, Wiles WG, Huang C, Martin WD, Behera M, Smith GH, Hill CE, Rossi MR, Sica GL, Rupji M, Chen Z, Kowalski J, Kasinski AL, Ramalingam SS, Fu H, Khuri FR, Zhou W, Marcus AI. Targeting adhesion signaling in KRAS, LKB1 mutant lung adenocarcinoma. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90487. [PMID: 28289710 PMCID: PMC5333956 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of LKB1 activity is prevalent in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma and promotes aggressive and treatment-resistant tumors. Previous studies have shown that LKB1 is a negative regulator of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK), but in vivo studies testing the efficacy of FAK inhibition in LKB1 mutant cancers are lacking. Here, we took a pharmacologic approach to show that FAK inhibition is an effective early-treatment strategy for this high-risk molecular subtype. We established a lenti-Cre-induced Kras and Lkb1 mutant genetically engineered mouse model (KLLenti) that develops 100% lung adenocarcinoma and showed that high spatiotemporal FAK activation occurs in collective invasive cells that are surrounded by high levels of collagen. Modeling invasion in 3D, loss of Lkb1, but not p53, was sufficient to drive collective invasion and collagen alignment that was highly sensitive to FAK inhibition. Treatment of early, stage-matched KLLenti tumors with FAK inhibitor monotherapy resulted in a striking effect on tumor progression, invasion, and tumor-associated collagen. Chronic treatment extended survival and impeded local lymph node spread. Lastly, we identified focally upregulated FAK and collagen-associated collective invasion in KRAS and LKB1 comutated human lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our results suggest that patients with LKB1 mutant tumors should be stratified for early treatment with FAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gilbert-Ross
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
| | - Jessica Konen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
| | - Junghui Koo
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
| | - John Shupe
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
| | - Brian S Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Walter Guy Wiles
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University.,The Cancer Animal Models Shared Resource
| | - Chunzi Huang
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University.,The Cancer Animal Models Shared Resource
| | - W David Martin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Madhusmita Behera
- Winship Research Informatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute
| | - Geoffrey H Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Charles E Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Michael R Rossi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Gabriel L Sica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | - Zhengjia Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrea L Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
| | - Haian Fu
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Adam I Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
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15
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Coordinated cell motility is regulated by a combination of LKB1 farnesylation and kinase activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40929. [PMID: 28102310 PMCID: PMC5244416 DOI: 10.1038/srep40929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility requires the precise coordination of cell polarization, lamellipodia formation, adhesion, and force generation. LKB1 is a multi-functional serine/threonine kinase that associates with actin at the cellular leading edge of motile cells and suppresses FAK. We sought to understand how LKB1 coordinates these multiple events by systematically dissecting LKB1 protein domain function in combination with live cell imaging and computational approaches. We show that LKB1-actin colocalization is dependent upon LKB1 farnesylation leading to RhoA-ROCK-mediated stress fiber formation, but membrane dynamics is reliant on LKB1 kinase activity. We propose that LKB1 kinase activity controls membrane dynamics through FAK since loss of LKB1 kinase activity results in morphologically defective nascent adhesion sites. In contrast, defective farnesylation mislocalizes nascent adhesion sites, suggesting that LKB1 farnesylation serves as a targeting mechanism for properly localizing adhesion sites during cell motility. Together, we propose a model where coordination of LKB1 farnesylation and kinase activity serve as a multi-step mechanism to coordinate cell motility during migration.
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16
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Integrins and Cell Metabolism: An Intimate Relationship Impacting Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010189. [PMID: 28106780 PMCID: PMC5297821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are important regulators of cell survival, proliferation, adhesion and migration. Once activated, integrins establish a regulated link between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Integrins have well-established functions in cancer, such as in controlling cell survival by engagement of many specific intracellular signaling pathways and in facilitating metastasis. Integrins and associated proteins are regulated by control of transcription, membrane traffic, and degradation, as well as by a number of post-translational modifications including glycosylation, allowing integrin function to be modulated to conform to various cellular needs and environmental conditions. In this review, we examine the control of integrin function by cell metabolism, and the impact of this regulation in cancer. Within this context, nutrient sufficiency or deprivation is sensed by a number of metabolic signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1, which collectively control integrin function by a number of mechanisms. Moreover, metabolic flux through specific pathways also controls integrins, such as by control of integrin glycosylation, thus impacting integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration. Integrins also control various metabolic signals and pathways, establishing the reciprocity of this regulation. As cancer cells exhibit substantial changes in metabolism, such as a shift to aerobic glycolysis, enhanced glucose utilization and a heightened dependence on specific amino acids, the reciprocal regulation of integrins and metabolism may provide important clues for more effective treatment of various cancers.
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17
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Local alignment vectors reveal cancer cell-induced ECM fiber remodeling dynamics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39498. [PMID: 28045069 PMCID: PMC5206731 DOI: 10.1038/srep39498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive cancer cells interact with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), remodeling ECM fiber network structure by condensing, degrading, and aligning these fibers. We developed a novel local alignment vector analysis method to quantitatively measure collagen fiber alignment as a vector field using Circular Statistics. This method was applied to human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines, embedded as spheroids in a collagen gel. Collagen remodeling was monitored using second harmonic generation imaging under normal conditions and when the LKB1-MARK1 pathway was disrupted through RNAi-based approaches. The results showed that inhibiting LKB1 or MARK1 in NSCLC increases the collagen fiber alignment and captures outward alignment vectors from the tumor spheroid, corresponding to high invasiveness of LKB1 mutant cancer cells. With time-lapse imaging of ECM micro-fiber morphology, the local alignment vector can measure the dynamic signature of invasive cancer cell activity and cell-migration-induced ECM and collagen remodeling and realigning dynamics.
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18
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Cunniff B, McKenzie AJ, Heintz NH, Howe AK. AMPK activity regulates trafficking of mitochondria to the leading edge during cell migration and matrix invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2662-74. [PMID: 27385336 PMCID: PMC5007087 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria infiltrate leading edge lamellipodia, increasing local mitochondrial mass and relative ATP concentration. AMPK regulates infiltration of mitochondria into the leading edge of 2D lamellipodia and 3D invadopodia, coupling local metabolic sensing to subcellular targeting of mitochondria during cell movement. Cell migration is a complex behavior involving many energy-expensive biochemical events that iteratively alter cell shape and location. Mitochondria, the principal producers of cellular ATP, are dynamic organelles that fuse, divide, and relocate to respond to cellular metabolic demands. Using ovarian cancer cells as a model, we show that mitochondria actively infiltrate leading edge lamellipodia, thereby increasing local mitochondrial mass and relative ATP concentration and supporting a localized reversal of the Warburg shift toward aerobic glycolysis. This correlates with increased pseudopodial activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critically important cellular energy sensor and metabolic regulator. Furthermore, localized pharmacological activation of AMPK increases leading edge mitochondrial flux, ATP content, and cytoskeletal dynamics, whereas optogenetic inhibition of AMPK halts mitochondrial trafficking during both migration and the invasion of three-dimensional extracellular matrix. These observations indicate that AMPK couples local energy demands to subcellular targeting of mitochondria during cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Andrew J McKenzie
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Nicholas H Heintz
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Alan K Howe
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
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19
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Pentassuglia L, Heim P, Lebboukh S, Morandi C, Xu L, Brink M. Neuregulin-1β promotes glucose uptake via PI3K/Akt in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E782-94. [PMID: 26979522 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00259.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nrg1β is critically involved in cardiac development and also maintains function of the adult heart. Studies conducted in animal models showed that it improves cardiac performance under a range of pathological conditions, which led to its introduction in clinical trials to treat heart failure. Recent work also implicated Nrg1β in the regenerative potential of neonatal and adult hearts. The molecular mechanisms whereby Nrg1β acts in cardiac cells are still poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of Nrg1β on glucose uptake in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and investigated to what extent mTOR/Akt signaling pathways are implicated. We show that Nrg1β enhances glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes as efficiently as IGF-I and insulin. Nrg1β causes phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB4 and rapidly induces the phosphorylation of FAK (Tyr(861)), Akt (Thr(308) and Ser(473)), and its effector AS160 (Thr(642)). Knockdown of ErbB2 or ErbB4 reduces Akt phosphorylation and blocks the glucose uptake. The Akt inhibitor VIII and the PI3K inhibitors LY-294002 and Byl-719 abolish Nrg1β-induced phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Finally, specific mTORC2 inactivation after knockdown of rictor blocks the Nrg1β-induced increases in Akt-p-Ser(473) but does not modify AS160-p-Thr(642) or the glucose uptake responses to Nrg1β. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Nrg1β enhances glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes via ErbB2/ErbB4 heterodimers, PI3Kα, and Akt. Furthermore, although Nrg1β activates mTORC2, the resulting Akt-Ser(473) phosphorylation is not essential for glucose uptake induction. These new insights into pathways whereby Nrg1β regulates glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes may contribute to the understanding of its regenerative capacity and protective function in heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Western
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Glucose/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/cytology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Immunoprecipitation
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Neuregulin-1/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/drug effects
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Rats
- Receptor, ErbB-2/drug effects
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-4/drug effects
- Receptor, ErbB-4/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-4/metabolism
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pentassuglia
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Lebboukh
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Morandi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lifen Xu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marijke Brink
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Howe GA, Xiao B, Zhao H, Al-Zahrani KN, Hasim MS, Villeneuve J, Sekhon HS, Goss GD, Sabourin LA, Dimitroulakos J, Addison CL. Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitors in Combination with Erlotinib Demonstrate Enhanced Anti-Tumor Activity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150567. [PMID: 26962872 PMCID: PMC4786279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity has been a primary therapeutic target for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). As patients with wild-type EGFR have demonstrated only modest benefit from EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), there is a need for additional therapeutic approaches in patients with wild-type EGFR. As a key component of downstream integrin signalling and known receptor cross-talk with EGFR, we hypothesized that targeting focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity, which has also been shown to correlate with aggressive stage in NSCLC, would lead to enhanced activity of EGFR TKIs. As such, EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC cells (A549, H1299, H1975) were treated with the EGFR TKI erlotinib and FAK inhibitors (PF-573,228 or PF-562,271) both as single agents and in combination. We determined cell viability, apoptosis and 3-dimensional growth in vitro and assessed tumor growth in vivo. Treatment of EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC cells with FAK inhibitor alone effectively inhibited cell viability in all cell lines tested; however, its use in combination with the EGFR TKI erlotinib was more effective at reducing cell viability than either treatment alone when tested in both 2- and 3-dimensional assays in vitro, with enhanced benefit seen in A549 cells. This increased efficacy may be due in part to the observed inhibition of Akt phosphorylation when the drugs were used in combination, where again A549 cells demonstrated the most inhibition following treatment with the drug combination. Combining erlotinib with FAK inhibitor was also potent in vivo as evidenced by reduced tumor growth in the A549 mouse xenograft model. We further ascertained that the enhanced sensitivity was irrespective of the LKB1 mutational status. In summary, we demonstrate the effectiveness of combining erlotinib and FAK inhibitors for use in known EGFR wild-type, EGFR TKI resistant cells, with the potential that a subset of cell types, which includes A549, could be particularly sensitive to this combination treatment. As such, further evaluation of this combination therapy is warranted and could prove to be an effective therapeutic approach for patients with inherent EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant A Howe
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bin Xiao
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Khalid N Al-Zahrani
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamed S Hasim
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James Villeneuve
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Glenwood D Goss
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Luc A Sabourin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Dimitroulakos
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christina L Addison
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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21
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Konen J, Wilkinson S, Lee B, Fu H, Zhou W, Jiang Y, Marcus AI. LKB1 kinase-dependent and -independent defects disrupt polarity and adhesion signaling to drive collagen remodeling during invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1069-84. [PMID: 26864623 PMCID: PMC4814216 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
LKB1 is a serine/threonine kinase and a commonly mutated gene in lung adenocarcinoma. The majority of LKB1 mutations are truncations that disrupt its kinase activity and remove its C-terminal domain (CTD). Because LKB1 inactivation drives cancer metastasis in mice and leads to aberrant cell invasion in vitro, we sought to determine how compromised LKB1 function affects lung cancer cell polarity and invasion. Using three-dimensional models, we show that LKB1 kinase activity is essential for focal adhesion kinase-mediated cell adhesion and subsequent collagen remodeling but not cell polarity. Instead, cell polarity is overseen by the kinase-independent function of its CTD and more specifically its farnesylation. This occurs through a mesenchymal-amoeboid morphological switch that signals through the Rho-GTPase RhoA. These data suggest that a combination of kinase-dependent and -independent defects by LKB1 inactivation creates a uniquely invasive cell with aberrant polarity and adhesion signaling that drives invasion into the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Konen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Scott Wilkinson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Byoungkoo Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Adam I Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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22
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Nahta R, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Andrade-Vieira R, Bay SN, Brown DG, Calaf GM, Castellino RC, Cohen-Solal KA, Colacci A, Cruickshanks N, Dent P, Di Fiore R, Forte S, Goldberg GS, Hamid RA, Krishnan H, Laird DW, Lasfar A, Marignani PA, Memeo L, Mondello C, Naus CC, Ponce-Cusi R, Raju J, Roy D, Roy R, Ryan EP, Salem HK, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Vento R, Vondráček J, Wade M, Woodrick J, Bisson WH. Mechanisms of environmental chemicals that enable the cancer hallmark of evasion of growth suppression. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S2-18. [PMID: 26106139 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the Halifax Project, this review brings attention to the potential effects of environmental chemicals on important molecular and cellular regulators of the cancer hallmark of evading growth suppression. Specifically, we review the mechanisms by which cancer cells escape the growth-inhibitory signals of p53, retinoblastoma protein, transforming growth factor-beta, gap junctions and contact inhibition. We discuss the effects of selected environmental chemicals on these mechanisms of growth inhibition and cross-reference the effects of these chemicals in other classical cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nahta
- Departments of Pharmacology and Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada, Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA, Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica 8097877, Chile, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1914, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 980033, USA, Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084-1501, USA, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontari
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Rafaela Andrade-Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah N Bay
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA, Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica 8097877, Chile
| | - Robert C Castellino
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Karine A Cohen-Solal
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1914, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Nichola Cruickshanks
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 980033, USA
| | - Paul Dent
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 980033, USA
| | - Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Gary S Goldberg
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084-1501, USA
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Harini Krishnan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084-1501, USA
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 60503, USA
| | - Paola A Marignani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Richard Ponce-Cusi
- Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica 8097877, Chile
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Debasish Roy
- Department of Natural Science, The City University of New York at Hostos Campus, Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Dept., kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Renza Vento
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic
| | - Mark Wade
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan 16163, Italy and
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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23
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Momcilovic M, Shackelford DB. Targeting LKB1 in cancer - exposing and exploiting vulnerabilities. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:574-84. [PMID: 26196184 PMCID: PMC4647688 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The LKB1 tumour suppressor is a serine/threonine kinase that functions as master regulator of cell growth, metabolism, survival and polarity. LKB1 is frequently mutated in human cancers and research spanning the last two decades have begun decoding the cellular pathways deregulated following LKB1 inactivation. This work has led to the identification of vulnerabilities present in LKB1-deficient tumour cells. Pre-clinical studies have now identified therapeutic strategies targeting this subset of tumours that promise to benefit this large patient population harbouring LKB1 mutations. Here, we review the current efforts that are underway to translate pre-clinical discovery of therapeutic strategies targeting LKB1 mutant cancers into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Momcilovic
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - D B Shackelford
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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24
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Hoskin V, Szeto A, Ghaffari A, Greer PA, Côté GP, Elliott BE. Ezrin regulates focal adhesion and invadopodia dynamics by altering calpain activity to promote breast cancer cell invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3464-79. [PMID: 26246600 PMCID: PMC4591691 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin regulates proper focal adhesion and invadopodia turnover by regulating calpain-1, in part by directing its proteolytic activity toward key substrates talin, FAK, and cortactin. Ezrin-deficient tumor cells show reduced lung seeding and colonization in vivo but not primary tumor growth, thus implicating ezrin as a metastasis-associated protein. Up-regulation of the cytoskeleton linker protein ezrin frequently occurs in aggressive cancer types and is closely linked with metastatic progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms detailing how ezrin is involved in the invasive and metastatic phenotype remain unclear. Here we report a novel function of ezrin in regulating focal adhesion (FA) and invadopodia dynamics, two key processes required for efficient invasion to occur. We show that depletion of ezrin expression in invasive breast cancer cells impairs both FA and invadopodia turnover. We also demonstrate that ezrin-depleted cells display reduced calpain-mediated cleavage of the FA and invadopodia-associated proteins talin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and cortactin and reduced calpain-1–specific membrane localization, suggesting a requirement for ezrin in maintaining proper localization and activity of calpain-1. Furthermore, we show that ezrin is required for cell directionality, early lung seeding, and distant organ colonization but not primary tumor growth. Collectively our results unveil a novel mechanism by which ezrin regulates breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alvin Szeto
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Abdi Ghaffari
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Graham P Côté
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bruce E Elliott
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Mao KS, Li MS, Zhou J. Update on the roles of liver kinase B1 in pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3086-3093. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i19.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations of the liver kinase B1 (STK11/LKB1) gene which encodes a serine/threonine kinase is responsible for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. There are 14 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinases in pathways downstream of LKB1, which are involved in many physiological and pathological processes such as regulation of energy metabolism, cell polarity and apoptosis in cells. LKB1 gene mutation has been investigated extensively in a variety of cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is commonly recognized as a disease with extremely poor prognosis. Therefore, a full understanding of its molecular pathology is critical. This review aims to elucidate the structure, distribution, and function of LKB1, and the relationship with pancreatic cancer. In addition, we also point out that in some scenarios, LKB1 may play a role as a tumor protector.
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Inositol pyrophosphates promote tumor growth and metastasis by antagonizing liver kinase B1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1773-8. [PMID: 25617365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424642112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inositol pyrophosphates, molecular messengers containing an energetic pyrophosphate bond, impact a wide range of biologic processes. They are generated primarily by a family of three inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks), the principal product of which is diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (IP7). We report that IP6K2, via IP7 synthesis, is a major mediator of cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis in cell culture and in intact mice. IP6K2 acts by enhancing cell-matrix adhesion and decreasing cell-cell adhesion. This action is mediated by IP7-elicited nuclear sequestration and inactivation of the tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1). Accordingly, inhibitors of IP6K2 offer promise in cancer therapy.
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Abstract
LKB1 is commonly thought of as a tumor suppressor gene because its hereditary mutation is responsible for a cancer syndrome, and somatic inactivation of LKB1 is found in non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and cervical cancers. However, unlike other tumor suppressors whose main function is to either suppress cell proliferation or promote cell death, one of the functions of LKB1-regulated AMPK signaling is to suppress cell proliferation in order to promote cell survival under energetic stress conditions. This unique, pro-survival function of LKB1 has led to the discovery of reagents, such as phenformin, that specifically exploit the vulnerability of LKB1-null cells in their defect in sensing energetic stress. Such targeted agents represent a novel treatment strategy because they induce cell killing when LKB1 is absent. This review article summarizes various vulnerabilities of LKB1-mutant cells that have been reported in the literature and discusses the potential of using existing or developing novel reagents to target cancer cells with defective LKB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Corresponding author. Departments of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, NE, Suite C4084, Atlanta 30322, Georgia. Tel.: +995 404 778 2134; fax: +995 404 778 5530.
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Reiterer V, Eyers PA, Farhan H. Day of the dead: pseudokinases and pseudophosphatases in physiology and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:489-505. [PMID: 24818526 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudophosphatases and pseudokinases are increasingly viewed as integral elements of signaling pathways, and there is mounting evidence that they have frequently retained the ability to interact with cellular 'substrates', and can exert important roles in different diseases. However, these pseudoenzymes have traditionally received scant attention compared to classical kinases and phosphatases. In this review we explore new findings in the emerging pseudokinase and pseudophosphatase fields, and discuss their different modes of action which include exciting new roles as scaffolds, anchors, spatial modulators, traps, and ligand-driven regulators of canonical kinases and phosphatases. Thus, it is now apparent that pseudokinases and pseudophosphatases both support and drive a panoply of signaling networks. Finally, we highlight recent evidence on their involvement in human pathologies, marking them as potential novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Reiterer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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Abstract
SUMMARY LKB1 is the third most frequently mutated gene in non-small cell lung cancer and serves as a master regulator of cell metabolism and polarity across a variety of model organisms. Recent studies are beginning to identify therapeutics that exploit defects associated with LKB1 loss. The work presented here by Liu and colleagues shows that deoxythymidylate kinase is a new potential target in LKB1-deficient tumors and highlights the possibility of a new therapeutic option for this subset of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam I Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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