1
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Kumari S, Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Emerging trends in post-translational modification: Shedding light on Glioblastoma multiforme. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188999. [PMID: 37858622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent multi-omics studies, including proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and metabolomics have revealed the critical role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the progression and pathogenesis of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Further, PTMs alter the oncogenic signaling events and offer a novel avenue in GBM therapeutics research through PTM enzymes as potential biomarkers for drug targeting. In addition, PTMs are critical regulators of chromatin architecture, gene expression, and tumor microenvironment (TME), that play a crucial function in tumorigenesis. Moreover, the implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms enhances GBM therapeutics research through the identification of novel PTM enzymes and residues. Herein, we briefly explain the mechanism of protein modifications in GBM etiology, and in altering the biologics of GBM cells through chromatin remodeling, modulation of the TME, and signaling pathways. In addition, we highlighted the importance of PTM enzymes as therapeutic biomarkers and the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in protein PTM prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India; School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India; Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India.
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India.
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2
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Pakhrin SC, Pokharel S, Pratyush P, Chaudhari M, Ismail HD, Kc DB. LMPhosSite: A Deep Learning-Based Approach for General Protein Phosphorylation Site Prediction Using Embeddings from the Local Window Sequence and Pretrained Protein Language Model. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2548-2557. [PMID: 37459437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications and plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes. Although there exist several computational tools to predict phosphorylation sites, existing tools have not yet harnessed the knowledge distilled by pretrained protein language models. Herein, we present a novel deep learning-based approach called LMPhosSite for the general phosphorylation site prediction that integrates embeddings from the local window sequence and the contextualized embedding obtained using global (overall) protein sequence from a pretrained protein language model to improve the prediction performance. Thus, the LMPhosSite consists of two base-models: one for capturing effective local representation and the other for capturing global per-residue contextualized embedding from a pretrained protein language model. The output of these base-models is integrated using a score-level fusion approach. LMPhosSite achieves a precision, recall, Matthew's correlation coefficient, and F1-score of 38.78%, 67.12%, 0.390, and 49.15%, for the combined serine and threonine independent test data set and 34.90%, 62.03%, 0.298, and 44.67%, respectively, for the tyrosine independent test data set, which is better than the compared approaches. These results demonstrate that LMPhosSite is a robust computational tool for the prediction of the general phosphorylation sites in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C Pakhrin
- School of Computing, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, 1 Main St., Houston, Texas 77002, United States
| | - Suresh Pokharel
- Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Pawel Pratyush
- Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Meenal Chaudhari
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Hamid D Ismail
- Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Dukka B Kc
- Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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3
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Tyczewska A, Rzepczak A, Sobańska D, Grzywacz K. The emerging roles of tRNAs and tRNA-derived fragments during aging: Lessons from studies on model organisms. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101863. [PMID: 36707034 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a gradual decline of various functions of organisms resulting in diminished abilities to protect against the environmental damage and reinforce the physiological harmony. Age-related functional declines have been thought to be passive and not regulated. However, studies on numerous model organisms, from yeast to mammals, exposed that the mechanisms of lifespan regulation are remarkably conserved throughout the evolution. Following the pioneering genetic studies in C. elegans, it has been shown that the genes related to the longevity are conserved in yeast, flies and mice. For a long time, tRNAs have been only considered as molecules transporting amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Nonetheless, it has become apparent from many biological studies that tRNAs are entangled in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. This review focuses on the emerging roles of tRNA-associated processes in aging and lifespan of model organisms. More specificaly, we present a summary on the importance of tRNA metabolism, epitranscriptome and possible roles of tRNA-derived fragments in aging and lifespan regulation. Better understanding of the basic mechanisms of aging could lead to the development of new diagnostics and treatments for aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Tyczewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Rzepczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Daria Sobańska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamilla Grzywacz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
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4
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Patton BK, Madadi S, Briley SM, Ahmed AA, Pangas SA. Sumoylation regulates functional properties of the oocyte transcription factors SOHLH1 and NOBOX. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22747. [PMID: 36607631 PMCID: PMC10129296 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201481r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SOHLH1 and NOBOX are oocyte-expressed transcription factors with critical roles in ovary development and fertility. In mice, Sohlh1 and Nobox are essential for fertility through their regulation of the oocyte transcriptional network and cross-talk to somatic cells. Sumoylation is a posttranslational modification that regulates transcription factor function, and we previously showed that mouse oocytes deficient for sumoylation had an altered transcriptional landscape that included significant changes in NOBOX target genes. Here, we show that mouse SOHLH1 is modified by SUMO2/3 at lysine 345 and mutation of this residue alters SOHLH1 nuclear to cytoplasmic localization. In NOBOX, we identify a non-consensus SUMO site, K97, that eliminates NOBOX mono-SUMO2/3 conjugation, while a point mutation at K125 had no effect on NOBOX sumoylation. However, NOBOXK97R/K125R double mutants showed loss of mono-SUMO2/3 and altered higher molecular weight modifications, suggesting cooperation between these lysine's. NOBOXK97R and NOBOXK97R/K125R differentially regulated NOBOX promoter targets, with increased activity on the Gdf9 promoter, but no effect on the Pou5f1 promoter. These data implicate sumoylation as a novel regulatory mechanism for SOHLH1 and NOBOX, which may prove useful in refining their roles during oogenesis as well as their function during reprogramming to generate de novo germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany K. Patton
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Surabhi Madadi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Shawn M. Briley
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Avery A. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Graduate Program in Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Stephanie A. Pangas
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Graduate Program in Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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5
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Meng X, Shi X, Qu P. TransPhos: A Deep-Learning Model for General Phosphorylation Site Prediction Based on Transformer-Encoder Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084263. [PMID: 35457080 PMCID: PMC9029334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most critical post-translational modifications of proteins in eukaryotes, which is essential for a variety of biological processes. Plenty of attempts have been made to improve the performance of computational predictors for phosphorylation site prediction. However, most of them are based on extra domain knowledge or feature selection. In this article, we present a novel deep learning-based predictor, named TransPhos, which is constructed using a transformer encoder and densely connected convolutional neural network blocks, for predicting phosphorylation sites. Data experiments are conducted on the datasets of PPA (version 3.0) and Phospho. ELM. The experimental results show that our TransPhos performs better than several deep learning models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long-term and short-term memory networks (LSTM), Recurrent neural networks (RNN) and Fully connected neural networks (FCNN), and some state-of-the-art deep learning-based prediction tools, including GPS2.1, NetPhos, PPRED, Musite, PhosphoSVM, SKIPHOS, and DeepPhos. Our model achieves a good performance on the training datasets of Serine (S), Threonine (T), and Tyrosine (Y), with AUC values of 0.8579, 0.8335, and 0.6953 using 10-fold cross-validation tests, respectively, and demonstrates that the presented TransPhos tool considerably outperforms competing predictors in general protein phosphorylation site prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China; (Z.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.M.); (X.S.); (P.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China; (Z.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.M.); (X.S.); (P.Q.)
| | - Chaogang Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China; (Z.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.M.); (X.S.); (P.Q.)
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China; (Z.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.M.); (X.S.); (P.Q.)
| | - Xin Shi
- College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China; (Z.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.M.); (X.S.); (P.Q.)
| | - Peng Qu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China; (Z.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.M.); (X.S.); (P.Q.)
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6
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Boulanger M, Chakraborty M, Tempé D, Piechaczyk M, Bossis G. SUMO and Transcriptional Regulation: The Lessons of Large-Scale Proteomic, Modifomic and Genomic Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040828. [PMID: 33562565 PMCID: PMC7915335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One major role of the eukaryotic peptidic post-translational modifier SUMO in the cell is transcriptional control. This occurs via modification of virtually all classes of transcriptional actors, which include transcription factors, transcriptional coregulators, diverse chromatin components, as well as Pol I-, Pol II- and Pol III transcriptional machineries and their regulators. For many years, the role of SUMOylation has essentially been studied on individual proteins, or small groups of proteins, principally dealing with Pol II-mediated transcription. This provided only a fragmentary view of how SUMOylation controls transcription. The recent advent of large-scale proteomic, modifomic and genomic studies has however considerably refined our perception of the part played by SUMO in gene expression control. We review here these developments and the new concepts they are at the origin of, together with the limitations of our knowledge. How they illuminate the SUMO-dependent transcriptional mechanisms that have been characterized thus far and how they impact our view of SUMO-dependent chromatin organization are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Boulanger
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mehuli Chakraborty
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Denis Tempé
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.B.)
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7
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Roles for the RNA polymerase III regulator MAFR-1 in regulating sperm quality in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19367. [PMID: 33168938 PMCID: PMC7652826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative regulator of RNA polymerase (pol) III mafr-1 has been shown to affect RNA pol III transcript abundance, lipid biosynthesis and storage, progeny output, and lifespan. We deleted mafr-1 from the Caenorhabditis elegans genome and found that animals lacking mafr-1 replicated many phenotypes from previous RNAi-based studies and discovered a new sperm-specific role. Utilizing a yeast two-hybrid assay, we discovered several novel interactors of MAFR-1 that are expressed in a sperm- and germline-enriched manner. In support of a role for MAFR-1 in the male germline, we found mafr-1 null males have smaller spermatids that are less capable in competition for fertilization; a phenotype that was dependent on RNA pol III activity. Restoration of MAFR-1 expression specifically in the germline rescued the spermatid-related phenotypes, suggesting a cell autonomous role for MAFR-1 in nematode male fertility. Based on the high degree of conservation of Maf1 activity across species, our study may inform similar roles for Maf1 and RNA pol III in mammalian male fertility.
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8
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Ahmed S, Kabir M, Arif M, Khan ZU, Yu DJ. DeepPPSite: A deep learning-based model for analysis and prediction of phosphorylation sites using efficient sequence information. Anal Biochem 2020; 612:113955. [PMID: 32949607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a ubiquitous type of post-translational modification (PTM) that occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells where in a phosphate group binds with amino acid residues. These specific residues, i.e., serine (S), threonine (T), and tyrosine (Y), exhibit diverse functions at the molecular level. Recent studies have determined that some diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases are caused by abnormal phosphorylation. Based on its potential applications in biological research and drug development, the large-scale identification of phosphorylation sites has attracted interest. Existing wet-lab technologies for targeting phosphorylation sites are overpriced and time consuming. Thus, computational algorithms that can efficiently accelerate the annotation of phosphorylation sites from massive protein sequences are needed. Numerous machine learning-based methods have been implemented for phosphorylation sites prediction. However, despite extensive efforts, existing computational approaches continue to have inadequate performance, particularly in terms of overall ACC, MCC, and AUC. In this paper, we report a novel deep learning-based predictor to overcome these performance hurdles, DeepPPSite, which was constructed using a stacked long short-term memory recurrent network for predicting phosphorylation sites. The proposed technique expediently learns the protein representations from conjoint protein descriptors. The experimental results indicated that our model achieved superior performance on the training dataset for S, T and Y, with MCC values of 0.608, 0.602, and 0.558, respectively, using a 10-fold cross-validation test. We further determined the generalization efficacy of the proposed predictor DeepPPSite by conducting a rigorous independent test. The predictive MCC values were 0.358, 0.356, and 0.350 for the S, T, and Y phosphorylation sites, respectively. Rigorous cross-validation and independent validation tests for the three types of phosphorylation sites demonstrated that the designed DeepPPSite tool significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ahmed
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Muhammad Kabir
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Zaheer Ullah Khan
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dong-Jun Yu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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9
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Rodriguez A, Briley SM, Patton BK, Tripurani SK, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Rajkovic A, Andrieux A, Dejean A, Pangas SA. Loss of the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ube2i in oocytes during ovarian folliculogenesis causes infertility in mice. Development 2019; 146:dev.176701. [PMID: 31704792 PMCID: PMC6918767 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The number and quality of oocytes within the ovarian reserve largely determines fertility and reproductive lifespan in mammals. An oocyte-specific transcription factor cascade controls oocyte development, and some of these transcription factors, such as newborn ovary homeobox gene (NOBOX), are candidate genes for primary ovarian insufficiency in women. Transcription factors are frequently modified by the post-translational modification SUMOylation, but it is not known whether SUMOylation is required for function of the oocyte-specific transcription factors or if SUMOylation is required in oocytes during their development within the ovarian follicle. To test this, the sole E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme, Ube2i, was ablated in mouse oocytes beginning in primordial follicles. Loss of oocyte Ube2i resulted in female infertility with major defects in stability of the primordial follicle pool, ovarian folliculogenesis, ovulation and meiosis. Transcriptomic profiling of ovaries suggests that loss of oocyte Ube2i caused defects in both oocyte- and granulosa cell-expressed genes, including NOBOX and some of its known target genes. Together, these studies show that SUMOylation is required in the mammalian oocyte during folliculogenesis for both oocyte development and communication with ovarian somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shawn M. Briley
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bethany K. Patton
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Swamy K. Tripurani
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aleksander Rajkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94134, USA
| | - Alexandra Andrieux
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, INSERM U993, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Dejean
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, INSERM U993, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephanie A. Pangas
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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10
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Peng Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Yu F, Li J, Wong J. SUMOylation down-regulates rDNA transcription by repressing expression of upstream-binding factor and proto-oncogene c-Myc. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19155-19166. [PMID: 31694914 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is critical for proliferating cells and requires the coordinated activities of three eukaryotic RNA polymerases. We recently showed that the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) system controls the global level of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-controlled transcription in mammalian cells by regulating cyclin-dependent kinase 9 activity. Here, we present evidence that the SUMO system also plays a critical role in the control of Pol I transcription. Using an siRNA-based knockdown approach, we found that multiple SUMO E3 ligases of the PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT) family are involved in SUMO-mediated repression of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene transcription. We demonstrate that endogenous SUMO represses rDNA transcription primarily by repressing upstream-binding factor and proto-oncogene c-Myc expression and that ectopic overexpression of SUMO-associated enzymes additionally represses rDNA transcription via c-Myc SUMOylation and its subsequent degradation. The results of our study reveal a critical role of SUMOylation in the control of rDNA transcription, uncover the underlying mechanisms involved, and indicate that the SUMO system coordinates Pol I- and Pol II-mediated transcription in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-East China Normal University Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-East China Normal University Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-East China Normal University Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-East China Normal University Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Jiwen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-East China Normal University Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-East China Normal University Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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Wang X, Rusin A, Walkey CJ, Lin JJ, Johnson DL. The RNA polymerase III repressor MAF1 is regulated by ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation and modulates cancer drug resistance and apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19255-19268. [PMID: 31645432 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MAF1 homolog, negative regulator of RNA polymerase III (MAF1) is a key repressor of RNA polymerase (pol) III-dependent transcription and functions as a tumor suppressor. Its expression is frequently down-regulated in primary human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). However, this reduction in MAF1 protein levels does not correlate with its transcript levels, indicating that MAF1 is regulated post-transcriptionally. Here, we demonstrate that MAF1 is a labile protein whose levels are regulated through the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway. We found that MAF1 ubiquitination is enhanced upon mTOR complex 1 (TORC1)-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-75. Moreover, we observed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase cullin 2 (CUL2) critically regulates MAF1 ubiquitination and controls its stability and subsequent RNA pol III-dependent transcription. Analysis of the phenotypic consequences of modulating either CUL2 or MAF1 protein expression revealed changes in actin cytoskeleton reorganization and altered sensitivity to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Repression of RNA pol III-dependent transcription by chemical inhibition or knockdown of BRF1 RNA pol III transcription initiation factor subunit (BRF1) enhanced HCC cell sensitivity to doxorubicin, suggesting that MAF1 regulates doxorubicin resistance in HCC by controlling RNA pol III-dependent transcription. Together, our results identify the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and CUL2 as important regulators of MAF1 levels. They suggest that decreases in MAF1 protein underlie chemoresistance in HCC and perhaps other cancers and point to an important role for MAF1 and RNA pol III-mediated transcription in chemosensitivity and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Aleksandra Rusin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Christopher J Walkey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Deborah L Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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12
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Wang Z, Wu C, Aslanian A, Yates JR, Hunter T. Defective RNA polymerase III is negatively regulated by the SUMO-Ubiquitin-Cdc48 pathway. eLife 2018; 7:35447. [PMID: 30192228 PMCID: PMC6128692 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is an essential cellular process, and mutations in Pol III can cause neurodegenerative disease in humans. However, in contrast to Pol II transcription, which has been extensively studied, the knowledge of how Pol III is regulated is very limited. We report here that in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pol III is negatively regulated by the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO), an essential post-translational modification pathway. Besides sumoylation, Pol III is also targeted by ubiquitylation and the Cdc48/p97 segregase; these three processes likely act in a sequential manner and eventually lead to proteasomal degradation of Pol III subunits, thereby repressing Pol III transcription. This study not only uncovered a regulatory mechanism for Pol III, but also suggests that the SUMO and ubiquitin modification pathways and the Cdc48/p97 segregase can be potential therapeutic targets for Pol III-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Catherine Wu
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Aaron Aslanian
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - John R Yates
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
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13
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Zhang S, Li X, Wang HY, Steven Zheng XF. Beyond regulation of pol III: Role of MAF1 in growth, metabolism, aging and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:338-343. [PMID: 29407795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MAF1 was discovered as a master repressor of Pol III-dependent transcription in response to diverse extracellular signals, including growth factor, nutrient and stress. It is regulated through posttranslational mechanisms such as phosphorylation. A prominent upstream regulator of MAF1 is the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. mTOR kinase directly phosphorylates MAF1, controlling its localization and transcriptional activity. In mammals, MAF1 has also been shown to regulate Pol I- and Pol II-dependent transcription. Interestingly, MAF1 modulates Pol II activity both as a repressor and activator, depending on specific target genes, to impact on cellular growth and metabolism. While MAF1 represses genes such as TATA-binding protein (TBP) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), it activates the expression of PTEN, a major tumor suppressor and an inhibitor of the mTOR signaling. Increasing evidence indicates that MAF1 plays an important role in different aspects of normal physiology, lifespan and oncogenesis. Here we will review the current knowledge on MAF1 in growth, metabolism, aging and cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: SI: Regulation of tRNA synthesis and modification in physiological conditions and disease edited by Dr. Boguta Magdalena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - X F Steven Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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14
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Willis IM, Moir RD. Signaling to and from the RNA Polymerase III Transcription and Processing Machinery. Annu Rev Biochem 2018; 87:75-100. [PMID: 29328783 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase (Pol) III has a specialized role in transcribing the most abundant RNAs in eukaryotic cells, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), along with other ubiquitous small noncoding RNAs, many of which have functions related to the ribosome and protein synthesis. The high energetic cost of producing these RNAs and their central role in protein synthesis underlie the robust regulation of Pol III transcription in response to nutrients and stress by growth regulatory pathways. Downstream of Pol III, signaling impacts posttranscriptional processes affecting tRNA function in translation and tRNA cleavage into smaller fragments that are increasingly attributed with novel cellular activities. In this review, we consider how nutrients and stress control Pol III transcription via its factors and its negative regulator, Maf1. We highlight recent work showing that the composition of the tRNA population and the function of individual tRNAs is dynamically controlled and that unrestrained Pol III transcription can reprogram central metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Willis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; , .,Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Robyn D Moir
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; ,
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15
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Soprano AS, Giuseppe POD, Shimo HM, Lima TB, Batista FAH, Righetto GL, Pereira JGDC, Granato DC, Nascimento AFZ, Gozzo FC, de Oliveira PSL, Figueira ACM, Smetana JHC, Paes Leme AF, Murakami MT, Benedetti CE. Crystal Structure and Regulation of the Citrus Pol III Repressor MAF1 by Auxin and Phosphorylation. Structure 2017; 25:1360-1370.e4. [PMID: 28781084 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
MAF1 is the main RNA polymerase (Pol) III repressor that controls cell growth in eukaryotes. The Citrus ortholog, CsMAF1, was shown to restrict cell growth in citrus canker disease but its role in plant development and disease is still unclear. We solved the crystal structure of the globular core of CsMAF1, which reveals additional structural elements compared with the previously available structure of hMAF1, and explored the dynamics of its flexible regions not present in the structure. CsMAF1 accumulated in the nucleolus upon leaf excision, and this translocation was inhibited by auxin and by mutation of the PKA phosphorylation site, S45, to aspartate. Additionally, mTOR phosphorylated recombinant CsMAF1 and the mTOR inhibitor AZD8055 blocked canker formation in normal but not CsMAF1-silenced plants. These results indicate that the role of TOR on cell growth induced by Xanthomonas citri depends on CsMAF1 and that auxin controls CsMAF1 interaction with Pol III in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Santos Soprano
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Oliveira de Giuseppe
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Massayoshi Shimo
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Brenelli Lima
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Heleno Batista
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Germanna Lima Righetto
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo de Carvalho Pereira
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Campos Granato
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey Fabricio Ziem Nascimento
- XALOC Beamline, Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain; Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15, 3 A17, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio Cesar Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Lopes de Oliveira
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Migliorini Figueira
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Helena Costa Smetana
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Tyago Murakami
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Eduardo Benedetti
- Brazilian Nacional Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Jin L, Shen K, Chen T, Yu W, Zhang H. SUMO-1 Gene Silencing Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Human Gastric Cancer SGC-7901 Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:987-998. [DOI: 10.1159/000460836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been reported that blocking small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation by silencing SUMO gene remarkably decreased tumor growth in vivo. However, few studies have examined the relationship between SUMO gene silencing and gastric cancer (GC). The study aims to explore the effects of SUMO-1 gene silencing on GC cell proliferation and apoptosis. Methods: GC cells were cultured and divided into 5 groups: the blank group (without any transfection or treatment), the empty vector group (transfected with empty vector), the shRNA-SUMO-1-1 group (transfected with shRNA-SUMO-1-1 plasmid), the shRNA-SUMO-1-2 group (transfected with shRNA-SUMO-1-2 plasmid), and the shRNA-SUMO-1-3 group (transfected with shRNA-SUMO-1-3 plasmid). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to examine cell proliferation. Annexin V/PI staining combined with flow cytometry were used to detect cell apoptosis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were employed to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of SUMO-1, P53, Bcl-2 and c-myc, respectively. Results: SUMO-1 mRNA and protein expressions were decreased after transfecting with shRNA-SUMO-1. Compared with the blank group, the shRNA-SUMO-1-1 group presented a remarkable decreased proliferation of SGC-7901 cells. Significant increase in cell apoptosis rate was observed. Bcl-2, c-myc and P53 expressions were declined after transfecting with shRNA-SUMO plasmid. Conclusion: Our study provided evidence that SUMO-1 gene silencing could decrease proliferation and promote apoptosis in GC cells.
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17
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Pradhan A, Hammerquist AM, Khanna A, Curran SP. The C-Box Region of MAF1 Regulates Transcriptional Activity and Protein Stability. J Mol Biol 2016; 429:192-207. [PMID: 27986570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MAF1 is a conserved negative regulator of RNA polymerase (pol) III and intracellular lipid homeostasis across species. Here, we show that the MAF1 C-box region negatively regulates its activity. Mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans mafr-1 that truncate the C-box retain the ability to inhibit the transcription of RNA pol III targets, reduce lipid biogenesis, and lower reproductive output. In human cells, C-box deletion of MAF1 leads to increased MAF1 nuclear localization and enhanced repression of ACC1 and FASN, but with impaired repression of RNA pol III targets. Surprisingly, C-box mutations render MAF1 insensitive to rapamycin, further defining a regulatory role for this region. Two MAF1 species, MAF1L and MAF1S, are regulated by the C-box YSY motif, which, when mutated, alters species stoichiometry and proteasome-dependent turnover of nuclear MAF1. Our results reveal a role for the C-box region as a critical determinant of MAF1 stability, activity, and response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Pradhan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Amy M Hammerquist
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Akshat Khanna
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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18
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Romero-Meza G, Vélez-Ramírez DE, Florencio-Martínez LE, Román-Carraro FC, Manning-Cela R, Hernández-Rivas R, Martínez-Calvillo S. Maf1 is a negative regulator of transcription in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Microbiol 2016; 103:452-468. [PMID: 27802583 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase III (Pol III) produces small RNA molecules that play essential roles in mRNA processing and translation. Maf1, originally described as a negative regulator of Pol III transcription, has been studied from yeast to human. Here we characterized Maf1 in the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma brucei (TbMaf1), representing the first report to analyse Maf1 in an early-diverged eukaryote. While Maf1 is generally encoded by a single-copy gene, the T. brucei genome contains two almost identical TbMaf1 genes. The TbMaf1 protein has the three conserved sequences and is predicted to fold into a globular structure. Unlike in yeast, TbMaf1 localizes to the nucleus in procyclic forms of T. brucei under normal growth conditions. Cell lines that either downregulate or overexpress TbMaf1 were generated, and growth curve analysis with them suggested that TbMaf1 participates in the regulation of cell growth of T. brucei. Nuclear run-on and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that TbMaf1 represses Pol III transcription of tRNA and U2 snRNA genes by associating with their promoters. Interestingly, 5S rRNA levels do not change after TbMaf1 ablation or overexpression. Notably, our data also revealed that TbMaf1 regulates Pol I transcription of procyclin gene and Pol II transcription of SL RNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Romero-Meza
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. De los Barrios 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, CP, 54090, México.,Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF, 07360, México
| | - Daniel E Vélez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. De los Barrios 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, CP, 54090, México
| | - Luis E Florencio-Martínez
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. De los Barrios 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, CP, 54090, México
| | - Fiordaliso C Román-Carraro
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. De los Barrios 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, CP, 54090, México
| | - Rebeca Manning-Cela
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF, 07360, México
| | - Rosaura Hernández-Rivas
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF, 07360, México
| | - Santiago Martínez-Calvillo
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. De los Barrios 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, CP, 54090, México
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19
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Johnson DL, Stiles BL. Maf1, A New PTEN Target Linking RNA and Lipid Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:742-750. [PMID: 27296319 PMCID: PMC5035567 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is a critical tumor suppressor whose dysregulation leads to metabolic disease and cancer. How these diseases are linked at a molecular level is poorly understood. Maf1 is a novel PTEN target that connects PTEN's ability to repress intracellular lipid accumulation with its tumor suppressor function. Maf1 represses the expression of rRNAs and tRNAs to restrain biosynthetic capacity and oncogenic transformation. Recent studies demonstrate that Maf1 also controls intracellular lipid accumulation. In animal models, dysregulation of RNA polymerase I- and III-dependent transcription, and subsequent upregulation of rRNAs and tRNAs, leads to altered lipid metabolism and storage. Together these results identify unexpected connections between RNA and lipid metabolism that may help explain the strong epidemiological association between obesity and cancer.
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20
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Orioli A, Praz V, Lhôte P, Hernandez N. Human MAF1 targets and represses active RNA polymerase III genes by preventing recruitment rather than inducing long-term transcriptional arrest. Genome Res 2016; 26:624-35. [PMID: 26941251 PMCID: PMC4864463 DOI: 10.1101/gr.201400.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is tightly controlled in response to environmental cues, yet a genomic-scale picture of Pol III regulation and the role played by its repressor MAF1 is lacking. Here, we describe genome-wide studies in human fibroblasts that reveal a dynamic and gene-specific adaptation of Pol III recruitment to extracellular signals in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Repression of Pol III recruitment and transcription are tightly linked to MAF1, which selectively localizes at Pol III loci, even under serum-replete conditions, and increasingly targets transcribing Pol III in response to serum starvation. Combining Pol III binding profiles with EU-labeling and high-throughput sequencing of newly synthesized small RNAs, we show that Pol III occupancy closely reflects ongoing transcription. Our results exclude the long-term, unproductive arrest of Pol III on the DNA as a major regulatory mechanism and identify previously uncharacterized, differential coordination in Pol III binding and transcription under different growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Orioli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Praz
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Lhôte
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nouria Hernandez
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Abstract
The small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO regulates many aspects of cellular physiology to maintain cell homeostasis, both under normal conditions and during cell stress. Components of the transcriptional apparatus and chromatin are among the most prominent SUMO substrates. The prevailing view is that SUMO serves to repress transcription. However, as we will discuss in this review, this model needs to be refined, because recent studies have revealed that SUMO can also have profound positive effects on transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Chymkowitch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aurélie Nguéa P
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorrit M Enserink
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Khanna A, Pradhan A, Curran SP. Emerging Roles for Maf1 beyond the Regulation of RNA Polymerase III Activity. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:2577-85. [PMID: 26173035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Maf1 was first identified in yeast, and studies in metazoans have primarily focused on examining its role in the repression of transcription that is dependent on RNA polymerase III. Recent work has revealed a novel and conserved function for Maf1 in the maintenance of intracellular lipid pools in Caenorhabditis elegans, mice, and cancer cell lines. Although additional Maf1 targets are likely, they have not been identified, and these recent findings begin to define specific activities for Maf1 in multicellular organisms beyond the regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription and suggest that Maf1 plays a more diverse role in organismal physiology. We will discuss these newly defined physiological roles of Maf1 that point to its placement as an important new player in lipid metabolism with implications in human metabolic diseases such as obesity and cancer, which display prominent defects in lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshat Khanna
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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23
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Abstract
The ubiquitin family member Sumo has important functions in many cellular processes including DNA repair, transcription and cell division. Numerous studies have shown that Sumo is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis when the cell encounters endogenous or environmental stress, such as osmotic stress, hypoxia, heat shock, genotoxic stress, and nutrient stress. Regulation of transcription is a key component of the Sumo stress response, and multiple mechanisms have been described by which Sumo can regulate transcription. Although many individual substrates have been described that are sumoylated during the Sumo stress response, an emerging concept is modification of entire complexes or pathways by Sumo. This review focuses on the function and regulation of Sumo during the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorrit M Enserink
- Institute for Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20N-0027, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Chymkowitch P, Nguéa AP, Aanes H, Koehler CJ, Thiede B, Lorenz S, Meza-Zepeda LA, Klungland A, Enserink JM. Sumoylation of Rap1 mediates the recruitment of TFIID to promote transcription of ribosomal protein genes. Genome Res 2015; 25:897-906. [PMID: 25800674 PMCID: PMC4448685 DOI: 10.1101/gr.185793.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are abundant Sumo targets, yet the global distribution of Sumo along the chromatin and its physiological relevance in transcription are poorly understood. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we determined the genome-wide localization of Sumo along the chromatin. We discovered that Sumo-enriched genes are almost exclusively involved in translation, such as tRNA genes and ribosomal protein genes (RPGs). Genome-wide expression analysis showed that Sumo positively regulates their transcription. We also discovered that the Sumo consensus motif at RPG promoters is identical to the DNA binding motif of the transcription factor Rap1. We demonstrate that Rap1 is a molecular target of Sumo and that sumoylation of Rap1 is important for cell viability. Furthermore, Rap1 sumoylation promotes recruitment of the basal transcription machinery, and sumoylation of Rap1 cooperates with the target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (TORC1) pathway to promote RPG transcription. Strikingly, our data reveal that sumoylation of Rap1 functions in a homeostatic feedback loop that sustains RPG transcription during translational stress. Taken together, Sumo regulates the cellular translational capacity by promoting transcription of tRNA genes and RPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Chymkowitch
- Institute of Microbiology, Clinic for Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aurélie P Nguéa
- Institute of Microbiology, Clinic for Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Aanes
- Institute of Microbiology, Clinic for Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bernd Thiede
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Lorenz
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, and Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, and Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Klungland
- Institute of Microbiology, Clinic for Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorrit M Enserink
- Institute of Microbiology, Clinic for Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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25
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Tan CM, Li MY, Yang PY, Chang SH, Ho YP, Lin H, Deng WL, Yang JY. Arabidopsis HFR1 is a potential nuclear substrate regulated by the Xanthomonas type III effector XopD(Xcc8004). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117067. [PMID: 25647296 PMCID: PMC4315394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
XopDXcc8004, a type III effector of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) 8004, is considered a shorter version of the XopD, which lacks the N-terminal domain. To understand the functions of XopDXcc8004, in planta, a transgenic approach combined with inducible promoter to analyze the effects of XopDXcc8004 in Arabidopsis was done. Here, the expression of XopDXcc8004, in Arabidopsis elicited the accumulation of host defense-response genes. These molecular changes were dependent on salicylic acid and correlated with lesion-mimic phenotypes observed in XVE::XopDXcc8004 transgenic plants. Moreover, XopDXcc8004 was able to desumoylate HFR1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in photomorphogenesis, through SUMO protease activity. Interestingly, the hfr1-201 mutant increased the expression of host defense-response genes and displayed a resistance phenotype to Xcc8004. These data suggest that HFR1 is involved in plant innate immunity and is potentially regulated by XopDXcc8004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Meng Tan
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National ChungHsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ying Li
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu Heng Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Deng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National ChungHsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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26
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Khanna A, Johnson DL, Curran SP. Physiological roles for mafr-1 in reproduction and lipid homeostasis. Cell Rep 2014; 9:2180-91. [PMID: 25497095 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maf1 is a conserved repressor of RNA polymerase (Pol) III transcription; however, its physiological role in the context of a multicellular organism is not well understood. Here, we show that C. elegans MAFR-1 is functionally orthologous to human Maf1, represses the expression of both RNA Pol III and Pol II transcripts, and mediates organismal fecundity and lipid homeostasis. MAFR-1 impacts lipid transport by modulating intestinal expression of the vitellogenin family of proteins, resulting in cell-nonautonomous defects in the developing reproductive system. MAFR-1 levels inversely correlate with stored intestinal lipids, in part by influencing the expression of the lipogenesis enzymes fasn-1/FASN and pod-2/ACC1. Animals fed a high carbohydrate diet exhibit reduced mafr-1 expression and mutations in the insulin signaling pathway genes daf-18/PTEN and daf-16/FoxO abrogate the lipid storage defects associated with deregulated mafr-1 expression. Our results reveal physiological roles for mafr-1 in regulating organismal lipid homeostasis, which ensure reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshat Khanna
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Deborah L Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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27
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Satpathy S, Guérillon C, Kim TS, Bigot N, Thakur S, Bonni S, Riabowol K, Pedeux R. SUMOylation of the ING1b tumor suppressor regulates gene transcription. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2214-23. [PMID: 24903338 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The INhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins are encoded as multiple isoforms in five ING genes (ING1 -5) and act as type II tumor suppressors. They are growth inhibitory when overexpressed and are frequently mislocalized or downregulated in several forms of cancer. ING1 and ING2 are stoichiometric members of histone deacetylase complexes, whereas ING3-5 are stoichiometric components of different histone acetyltransferase complexes. The INGs target these complexes to histone marks, thus acting as epigenetic regulators. ING proteins affect angiogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair, metastasis and senescence, but how the proteins themselves are regulated is not yet clear. Here, we find a small ubiquitin-like modification (SUMOylation) of the ING1b protein and identify lysine 193 (K193) as the preferred ING1b SUMO acceptor site. We also show that PIAS4 is the E3 SUMO ligase responsible for ING1b SUMOylation on K193. Sequence alignment reveals that the SUMO consensus site on ING1b contains a phosphorylation-dependent SUMOylation motif (PDSM) and our data indicate that the SUMOylation on K193 is enhanced by the S199D phosphomimic mutant. Using an ING1b protein mutated at the major SUMOylation site (ING1b E195A), we further demonstrate that ING1b SUMOylation regulates the binding of ING1b to the ISG15 and DGCR8 promoters, consequently regulating ISG15 and DGCR8 transcription. These results suggest a role for ING1b SUMOylation in the regulation of gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankha Satpathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada, Present address: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claire Guérillon
- INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, 350043 Rennes, France, Université de Rennes 1, 350043 Rennes, France and
| | - Tae-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bigot
- INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, 350043 Rennes, France, Université de Rennes 1, 350043 Rennes, France and
| | - Satbir Thakur
- INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, 350043 Rennes, France
| | - Shirin Bonni
- INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, 350043 Rennes, France
| | - Karl Riabowol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada,
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, 350043 Rennes, France
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28
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Sumoylation at chromatin governs coordinated repression of a transcriptional program essential for cell growth and proliferation. Genome Res 2013; 23:1563-79. [PMID: 23893515 PMCID: PMC3787255 DOI: 10.1101/gr.154872.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on specific sumoylated transcriptional regulators, the global role of SUMO on chromatin in relation to transcription regulation remains largely unknown. Here, we determined the genome-wide localization of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3, as well as of UBC9 (encoded by UBE2I) and PIASY (encoded by PIAS4), two markers for active sumoylation, along with Pol II and histone marks in proliferating versus senescent human fibroblasts together with gene expression profiling. We found that, whereas SUMO alone is widely distributed over the genome with strong association at active promoters, active sumoylation occurs most prominently at promoters of histone and protein biogenesis genes, as well as Pol I rRNAs and Pol III tRNAs. Remarkably, these four classes of genes are up-regulated by inhibition of sumoylation, indicating that SUMO normally acts to restrain their expression. In line with this finding, sumoylation-deficient cells show an increase in both cell size and global protein levels. Strikingly, we found that in senescent cells, the SUMO machinery is selectively retained at histone and tRNA gene clusters, whereas it is massively released from all other unique chromatin regions. These data, which reveal the highly dynamic nature of the SUMO landscape, suggest that maintenance of a repressive environment at histone and tRNA loci is a hallmark of the senescent state. The approach taken in our study thus permitted the identification of a common biological output and uncovered hitherto unknown functions for active sumoylation at chromatin as a key mechanism that, in dynamically marking chromatin by a simple modifier, orchestrates concerted transcriptional regulation of a network of genes essential for cell growth and proliferation.
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