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Yan L, Li Z, Li C, Chen J, Zhou X, Cui J, Liu P, Shen C, Chen C, Hong H, Xu G, Cui Z. Hspb1 and Lgals3 in spinal neurons are closely associated with autophagy following excitotoxicity based on machine learning algorithms. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303235. [PMID: 38728287 PMCID: PMC11086895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity represents the primary cause of neuronal death following spinal cord injury (SCI). While autophagy plays a critical and intricate role in SCI, the specific mechanism underlying the relationship between excitotoxicity and autophagy in SCI has been largely overlooked. In this study, we isolated primary spinal cord neurons from neonatal rats and induced excitotoxic neuronal injury by high concentrations of glutamic acid, mimicking an excitotoxic injury model. Subsequently, we performed transcriptome sequencing. Leveraging machine learning algorithms, including weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), random forest analysis (RF), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis (LASSO), we conducted a comprehensive investigation into key genes associated with spinal cord neuron injury. We also utilized protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis to identify pivotal proteins regulating key gene expression and analyzed key genes from public datasets (GSE2599, GSE20907, GSE45006, and GSE174549). Our findings revealed that six genes-Anxa2, S100a10, Ccng1, Timp1, Hspb1, and Lgals3-were significantly upregulated not only in vitro in neurons subjected to excitotoxic injury but also in rats with subacute SCI. Furthermore, Hspb1 and Lgals3 were closely linked to neuronal autophagy induced by excitotoxicity. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of excitotoxicity and autophagy, offering potential targets and a theoretical foundation for SCI diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zihao Li
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chuanbo Li
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaming Cui
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Peng Liu
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chong Shen
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chu Chen
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Mahdi AF, Nolan J, O’Connor RÍ, Lowery AJ, Allardyce JM, Kiely PA, McGourty K. Collagen-I influences the post-translational regulation, binding partners and role of Annexin A2 in breast cancer progression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1270436. [PMID: 37941562 PMCID: PMC10628465 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1270436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been heavily implicated in the development and progression of cancer. We have previously shown that Annexin A2 is integral in the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and in the clinical progression of ER-negative breast cancer, processes which are highly influenced by the surrounding tumor microenvironment and ECM. Methods We investigated how modulations of the ECM may affect the role of Annexin A2 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using western blotting, immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and immuno-precipitation mass spectrometry techniques. Results We have shown that the presence of collagen-I, the main constituent of the ECM, increases the post-translational phosphorylation of Annexin A2 and subsequently causes the translocation of Annexin A2 to the extracellular surface. In the presence of collagen-I, we identified fibronectin as a novel interactor of Annexin A2, using mass spectrometry analysis. We then demonstrated that reducing Annexin A2 expression decreases the degradation of fibronectin by cancer cells and this effect on fibronectin turnover is increased according to collagen-I abundance. Discussion Our results suggest that Annexin A2's role in promoting cancer progression is mediated by collagen-I and Annexin A2 maybe a therapeutic target in the bi-directional cross-talk between cancer cells and ECM remodeling that supports metastatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira F. Mahdi
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Joanne Nolan
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ruth Í. O’Connor
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aoife J. Lowery
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joanna M. Allardyce
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Patrick A. Kiely
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kieran McGourty
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre in Pharmaceuticals (SSPC), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Guo C, Trivedi R, Tripathi AK, Nandy RR, Wagner DC, Narra K, Chaudhary P. Higher Expression of Annexin A2 in Metastatic Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Promotes Migration and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225664. [PMID: 36428758 PMCID: PMC9688257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aim to evaluate the significance of AnxA2 in BLCA and establish its metastatic role in bladder cancer cells. Analysis of TCGA data showed that AnxA2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in BLCA tumors than in normal bladder tissues. High mRNA expression of AnxA2 in BLCA was significantly associated with high pathological grades and stages, non-papillary tumor histology, and poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and diseases specific survival (DSS). Similarly, we found that AnxA2 expression was higher in bladder cancer cells derived from high-grade metastatic carcinoma than in cells derived from low-grade urothelial carcinoma. AnxA2 expression significantly mobilized to the surface of highly metastatic bladder cancer cells compared to cells derived from low-grade tumors and associated with high plasmin generation and AnxA2 secretion. In addition, the downregulation of AnxA2 cells significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion in bladder cancer along with the reduction in proangiogenic factors and cytokines such as PDGF-BB, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, Tie-2, bFGF, GRO, IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-9. These findings suggest that AnxA2 could be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for high-grade BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Guo
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rucha Trivedi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Amit K. Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rajesh R. Nandy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Diana C. Wagner
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Kalyani Narra
- JPS Oncology and Infusion Center, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-5178
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Hundacker J, Bittner N, Weise C, Bröhan G, Varama M, Hilker M. Pine defense against eggs of an herbivorous sawfly is elicited by an annexin-like protein present in egg-associated secretion. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1033-1048. [PMID: 34713898 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Known elicitors of plant defenses against eggs of herbivorous insects are low-molecular-weight organic compounds associated with the eggs. However, previous studies provided evidence that also proteinaceous compounds present in secretion associated with eggs of the herbivorous sawfly Diprion pini can elicit defensive responses in Pinus sylvestris. Pine responses induced by the proteinaceous secretion are known to result in enhanced emission of (E)-β-farnesene, which attracts egg parasitoids killing the eggs. Here, we aimed to identify the defense-eliciting protein and elucidate its function. After isolating the defense-eliciting protein from D. pini egg-associated secretion by ultrafiltration and gel electrophoresis, we identified it by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as an annexin-like protein, which we named 'diprionin'. Further GC-MS analyses showed that pine needles treated with heterologously expressed diprionin released enhanced quantities of (E)-β-farnesene. Our bioassays confirmed attractiveness of diprionin-treated pine to egg parasitoids. Expression of several pine candidate genes involved in terpene biosynthesis and regulation of ROS homeostasis was similarly affected by diprionin and natural sawfly egg deposition. However, the two treatments had different effects on expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PR1, PR5). Diprionin is the first egg-associated proteinaceous elicitor of indirect plant defense against insect eggs described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Hundacker
- Department of Applied Zoology and Animal Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Bittner
- Department of Applied Zoology and Animal Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Department of Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Bröhan
- Department of Applied Zoology and Animal Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martti Varama
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Hilker
- Department of Applied Zoology and Animal Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
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Wang B, Shao Y. Annexin A2 acts as an adherent molecule under the regulation of steroids during embryo implantation. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:825-836. [PMID: 33010173 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that annexin A2 (Axna2) was transiently expressed at the embryo-uterine luminal epithelium interface during the window of implantation and was involved in mouse embryo implantation. At the same time, Axna2 was reported to be upregulated in human receptive endometrium, which was critical for embryo attachment as an intracellular molecule. Here, we identified Axna2 as a membrane-bound molecule on human endometrial epithelial cells and trophoblast cells, and the outer surface membrane-bound Axna2 was involved in human embryo attachment. In addition, physiological levels of estrogen and progesterone increased the expression of overall Axna2 as well as that in the extracellular surface membrane protein fraction in human endometrial cells. Furthermore, p11 (or S100A10, a member of the S100 EF-hand family protein, molecular weight 11 kDa) was involved in the translocation of Axna2 to the outer surface membrane of endometrial epithelial cells without affecting its overall expression. Finally, the surface relocation of Axna2 was also dependent on cell-cell contact and calcium binding. A better understanding of the function and regulation of Axna2 in human endometrium may help us to identify a potential therapeutic target for subfertile and infertile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- R & D Department, Shenzhen Wingor Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Room 304, Shenzhen IC Design & Application Industrial Park, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, People's Republic of China
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Expression of Annexin A2 Promotes Cancer Progression in Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071582. [PMID: 32629869 PMCID: PMC7407301 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When breast cancer progresses to a metastatic stage, survival rates decline rapidly and it is considered incurable. Thus, deciphering the critical mechanisms of metastasis is of vital importance to develop new treatment options. We hypothesize that studying the proteins that are newly synthesized during the metastatic processes of migration and invasion will greatly enhance our understanding of breast cancer progression. We conducted a mass spectrometry screen following bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging to elucidate changes in the nascent proteome that occur during epidermal growth factor stimulation in migrating and invading cells. Annexin A2 was identified in this screen and subsequent examination of breast cancer cell lines revealed that Annexin A2 is specifically upregulated in estrogen receptor negative (ER-) cell lines. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown showed that Annexin A2 expression promotes the proliferation, wound healing and directional migration of breast cancer cells. In patients, Annexin A2 expression is increased in ER- breast cancer subtypes. Additionally, high Annexin A2 expression confers a higher probability of distant metastasis specifically for ER- patients. This work establishes a pivotal role of Annexin A2 in breast cancer progression and identifies Annexin A2 as a potential therapeutic target for the more aggressive and harder to treat ER- subtype.
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Xiao L, Jin H, Duan W, Hou Y. Roles of N-terminal Annexin A2 phosphorylation sites and miR-206 in colonic adenocarcinoma. Life Sci 2020; 253:117740. [PMID: 32376265 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is closely associated with tumor malignancy and its N-terminus includes a vital domain for its function. The aims are to explore the correlation between the sites (Tyr23, Ser1, Ser11 and Ser25) in the domain and its roles. MAIN METHODS We re-expressed ANXA2 with mutated sites in ANXA2-deleted human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line caco2 (ANXA2-/-caco2). A series of analyses were used to determine the correlation of each site with ANXA2 activation, cell malignancy enhancement and motility-associated microstructural development. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays were employed to validate ANXA2-targeted miRNAs. KEY FINDINGS The in vitro results showed that all single and multiple mutations of the ANXA2 N-terminal sites inhibited ANXA2 phosphorylation at different levels and subsequently inhibited the proliferation, motility, and polymerization of F-actin and β-tubulin in caco2 cells. Motility-associated microstructures were significantly remodeled when these sites were mutated. The forced expression of miR-206 significantly suppressed the proliferation, motility and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of caco2 cells. The in vivo results showed that all the ANXA2 N-terminal site mutations and forced expression of miR-206 significantly inhibited tumor growth. Overall, this study demonstrated that the sites of the ANXA2 N-terminus, especially Tyr23, play crucial roles in maintaining the high malignancy of colonic adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, miR-206 targets ANXA2 and plays a role as a cancer suppressor in colonic adenocarcinoma. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provided evidence that further elucidates the molecular mechanism of ANXA2 and its roles in colonic adenocarcinoma and suggested potential targets of ANXA2 for colonic adenocarcinoma therapy by using miR-206 as a novel strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Huijuan Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Yingchun Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
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Chaudhary R, Scott RAH, Wallace G, Berry M, Logan A, Blanch RJ. Inflammatory and Fibrogenic Factors in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Development. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:23. [PMID: 32742753 PMCID: PMC7357815 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) occurs in 5%-10% of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment cases and is the principle cause for failure of retinal reattachment surgery. Although there are a number of surgical adjunctive agents available for preventing the development of PVR, all have limited efficacy. Discovering predictive molecular biomarkers to determine the probability of PVR development after retinal reattachment surgery will allow better patient stratification for more targeted drug evaluations. Methods Narrative literature review. Results We provide a summary of the inflammatory and fibrogenic factors found in ocular fluid samples during the development of retinal detachment and PVR and discuss their possible use as molecular PVR predictive biomarkers. Conclusions Studies monitoring the levels of the above factors have found that few if any have predictive biomarker value, suggesting that widening the phenotype of potential factors and a combinatorial approach are required to determine predictive biomarkers for PVR. Translational Relevance The identification of relevant biomarkers relies on an understanding of disease signaling pathways derived from basic science research. We discuss the extent to which those molecules identified as biomarkers and predictors of PVR relate to disease pathogenesis and could function as useful disease predictors. (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ number, UMIN000005604).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Chaudhary
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK.,Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Graham Wallace
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Berry
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard J Blanch
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Unit of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
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9
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Increase in post-reperfusion sensitivity to tissue plasminogen activator-mediated fibrinolysis during liver transplantation is associated with abnormal metabolic changes and increased blood product utilisation. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2019; 17:312-320. [PMID: 30747704 DOI: 10.2450/2019.0205-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased systemic fibrinolytic activity can occur in liver transplant recipients after the donor graft is reperfused. However, it remains unclear whether this is related solely to tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels or whether unique metabolic changes can alter t-PA activity and enhance fibrinolytic activity. We hypothesise that an increase in sensitivity to t-PA-mediated fibrinolysis (StF) following liver reperfusion is associated with specific metabolic abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver transplant recipients had serial blood samples analysed with a modified thrombelastography assay using exogenous t-PA to measure sensitivity/resistance to fibrinolysis with the lysis 30 min after maximum clot strength (tLY30). Paired plasma samples were analysed with mass spectroscopy-based metabolomics. The tLY30 was correlated to metabolites using Spearman's rho. StF was defined as a tLY30 change of >8.5% from the anhepatic phase to 30 min after reperfusion based on the distribution of tLY30 in a healthy control population. RESULTS StF occurred in 53% of patients. Cohorts had similar MELD scores (18 vs 16, p=0.876) and tLY30 at baseline (p=0.867) and anhepatic phase of surgery (p=0.463). Thirty min after reperfusion, the tLY30 was 73% in patient with StF vs 33% in those without StF 33% (p=0.006). StF was associated with increased red blood cell transfusions (p=0.035), during the first 2 hours of reperfusion. Nine metabolites demonstrated a correlation with tLY30 (p<0.05). DISCUSSION StF is a transient event that resolves within 2 hours of graft reperfusion and is associated with increased blood product use. This phenomenon correlates with derangements in citric acid cycle, purine and amino acid metabolism. Future research is needed to determine whether these metabolites are biomarkers or mechanistically linked to increased sensitivity to t-PA-mediated fibrinolytic activity following graft reperfusion.
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Popa SJ, Stewart SE, Moreau K. Unconventional secretion of annexins and galectins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 83:42-50. [PMID: 29501720 PMCID: PMC6565930 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have a highly evolved system of protein secretion, and dysfunction in this pathway is associated with many diseases including cancer, infection, metabolic disease and neurological disorders. Most proteins are secreted using the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi network and as such, this pathway is well-characterised. However, several cytosolic proteins have now been documented as secreted by unconventional transport pathways. This review focuses on two of these proteins families: annexins and galectins. The extracellular functions of these proteins are well documented, as are associations of their perturbed secretion with several diseases. However, the mechanisms and regulation of their secretion remain poorly characterised, and are discussed in this review. This review is part of a Special Issues of SCDB on 'unconventional protein secretion' edited by Walter Nickel and Catherine Rabouille.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Popa
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sarah E Stewart
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kevin Moreau
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Stewart SE, Ashkenazi A, Williamson A, Rubinsztein DC, Moreau K. Transbilayer phospholipid movement facilitates the translocation of annexin across membranes. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs217034. [PMID: 29930080 PMCID: PMC6080606 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexins are cytosolic phospholipid-binding proteins that can be found on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. The extracellular functions of annexin include modulating fibrinolysis activity and cell migration. Despite having well-described extracellular functions, the mechanism of annexin transport from the cytoplasmic inner leaflet to the extracellular outer leaflet of the plasma membrane remains unclear. Here, we show that the transbilayer movement of phospholipids facilitates the transport of annexins A2 and A5 across membranes in cells and in liposomes. We identified TMEM16F (also known as anoctamin-6, ANO6) as a lipid scramblase required for transport of these annexins to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. This work reveals a mechanism for annexin translocation across membranes which depends on plasma membrane phospholipid remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Stewart
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Avraham Ashkenazi
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Athena Williamson
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin Moreau
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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12
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Bellucci M, De Marchis F, Pompa A. The endoplasmic reticulum is a hub to sort proteins toward unconventional traffic pathways and endosymbiotic organelles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 69:7-20. [PMID: 28992342 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that much of the extracellular proteome in eukaryotic cells consists of proteins lacking a signal peptide, which cannot therefore enter the secretory pathway, has led to the identification of alternative protein secretion routes bypassing the Golgi apparatus. However, proteins harboring a signal peptide for translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum can also be transported along these alternative routes, which are still far from being well elucidated in terms of the molecular machineries and subcellular/intermediate compartments involved. In this review, we first try to provide a definition of all the unconventional protein secretion pathways in eukaryotic cells, as those pathways followed by proteins directed to an 'external space' bypassing the Golgi, where 'external space' refers to the extracellular space plus the lumen of the secretory route compartments and the inner space of mitochondria and plastids. Then, we discuss the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in sorting proteins toward unconventional traffic pathways in plants. In this regard, various unconventional pathways exporting proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the vacuole, plasma membrane, apoplast, mitochondria, and plastids are described, including the short routes followed by the proteins resident in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council (CNR), Italy
| | - Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council (CNR), Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council (CNR), Italy
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13
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Protein phosphorylation and its role in the regulation of Annexin A2 function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2515-2529. [PMID: 28867585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a multifunctional protein involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane domain organisation, actin remodelling, signal transduction, protein assembly, transcription and mRNA transport, as well as DNA replication and repair. SCOPE OF REVIEW The current knowledge of the role of phosphorylation in the functional regulation of AnxA2 is reviewed. To provide a more comprehensive treatment of this topic, we also address in depth the phosphorylation process in general and discuss its possible conformational effects. Furthermore, we discuss the apparent limitations of the methods used to investigate phosphoproteins, as exemplified by the study of AnxA2. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AnxA2 is subjected to complex regulation by post-translational modifications affecting its cellular functions, with Ser11, Ser25 and Tyr23 representing important phosphorylation sites. Thus, Ser phosphorylation of AnxA2 is involved in the recruitment and docking of secretory granules, the regulation of its association with S100A10, and sequestration of perinuclear, translationally inactive mRNP complexes. By contrast, Tyr phosphorylation of AnxA2 regulates its role in actin dynamics and increases its association with endosomal compartments. Modification of its three main phosphorylation sites is not sufficient to discriminate between its numerous functions. Thus, fine-tuning of AnxA2 function is mediated by the joint action of several post-translational modifications. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE AnxA2 participates in malignant cell transformation, and its overexpression and/or phosphorylation is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Thus, tight regulation of AnxA2 function is an integral aspect of cellular homeostasis. The presence of AnxA2 in cancer cell-derived exosomes, as well as the potential regulation of exosomal AnxA2 by phosphorylation or other PTMs, are topics of great interest.
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14
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Liu W, Hajjar KA. The annexin A2 system and angiogenesis. Biol Chem 2017; 397:1005-16. [PMID: 27366903 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, the process known as angiogenesis, is highly regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic signaling molecules including growth factors and proteases. As an endothelial cell-surface co-receptor for plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator, the annexin A2 (ANXA2) complex accelerates plasmin generation and facilitates fibrinolysis. Plasmin can subsequently activate a downstream proteolytic cascade involving multiple matrix metalloproteinases. Thus, in addition to maintaining blood vessel patency, the ANXA2 complex can also promote angiogenesis via its pro-fibrinolytic activity. The generation of ANXA2-deficient mice allowed us to first observe the pro-angiogenic role of ANXA2 in vivo. Further investigations have provided additional details regarding the mechanism for ANXA2 regulation of retinal and corneal angiogenesis. Other studies have reported that ANXA2 supports angiogenesis in specific tumor-related settings. Here, we summarize results from in vivo studies that illustrate the pro-angiogenic role of ANXA2, and discuss the critical questions that may lead to an advanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms for ANXA2-mediated angiogenesis. Finally, highlights from studies on ANXA2-interacting agents offer potential therapeutic opportunities for the application of ANXA2-centered pharmaceuticals in angiogenesis-related disorders.
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15
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Steinberger B, Yu H, Brodmann T, Milovanovic D, Reichart U, Besenfelder U, Artemenko K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Brem G, Mayrhofer C. Semen modulated secretory activity of oviductal epithelial cells is linked to cellular proteostasis network remodeling: Proteomic insights into the early phase of interaction in the oviduct in vivo. J Proteomics 2017; 163:14-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Ura B, Scrimin F, Franchin C, Arrigoni G, Licastro D, Monasta L, Ricci G. Identification of proteins with different abundance associated with cell migration and proliferation in leiomyoma interstitial fluid by proteomics. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3912-3920. [PMID: 28521489 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common female reproductive tract benign tumor. Little is known about protein composition and changes in the leiomyoma interstitial fluid (IF). The present study focused on changes in protein abundance in the IF of leiomyoma. Leiomyoma IFs and adjacent myometrial IFs were obtained and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with mass spectrometry and western blotting for 2-DE data validation. A total of 25 unique proteins were observed to change significantly (P<0.05). Of these proteins with different abundance, 22 had not been previously identified in leiomyoma IF. In silico analysis predicted that three of these proteins were secreted via classical mechanisms, while 22 were secreted via non-classical mechanisms. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified 17 proteins associated with cellular migration and proliferation. Among these, phosphoglycerate mutase 1 had not been previously associated with leiomyoma. The abundance of seven proteins was further validated by western blotting. A comparative proteomic approach identified a number of proteins associated with cellular migration and proliferation, with changes in abundance in IF likely to be involved in tumor development. Further studies will be required to investigate the role of these proteins in leiomyoma IF and their possible association with tumor development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blendi Ura
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', I-34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Scrimin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', I-34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy.,Proteomics Center, University of Padua and Padua Hospital, I-35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy.,Proteomics Center, University of Padua and Padua Hospital, I-35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Danilo Licastro
- Consortium for Molecular Biomedicine Genomics, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', I-34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', I-34137 Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, I-34128 Trieste, Italy
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17
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Pompa A, De Marchis F, Pallotta MT, Benitez-Alfonso Y, Jones A, Schipper K, Moreau K, Žárský V, Di Sansebastiano GP, Bellucci M. Unconventional Transport Routes of Soluble and Membrane Proteins and Their Role in Developmental Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040703. [PMID: 28346345 PMCID: PMC5412289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins and cargoes in eukaryotic cells are secreted through the conventional secretory pathway that brings proteins and membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, passing through various cell compartments, and then the extracellular space. The recent identification of an increasing number of leaderless secreted proteins bypassing the Golgi apparatus unveiled the existence of alternative protein secretion pathways. Moreover, other unconventional routes for secretion of soluble or transmembrane proteins with initial endoplasmic reticulum localization were identified. Furthermore, other proteins normally functioning in conventional membrane traffic or in the biogenesis of unique plant/fungi organelles or in plasmodesmata transport seem to be involved in unconventional secretory pathways. These alternative pathways are functionally related to biotic stress and development, and are becoming more and more important in cell biology studies in yeast, mammalian cells and in plants. The city of Lecce hosted specialists working on mammals, plants and microorganisms for the inaugural meeting on “Unconventional Protein and Membrane Traffic” (UPMT) during 4–7 October 2016. The main aim of the meeting was to include the highest number of topics, summarized in this report, related to the unconventional transport routes of protein and membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pompa
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council (CNR), via della Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council (CNR), via della Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | - Alexandra Jones
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Kerstin Schipper
- Institute for Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Kevin Moreau
- Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Experimental Botany, v.v.i., the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, S.P. 6, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council (CNR), via della Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy.
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18
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Grindheim AK, Hollås H, Raddum AM, Saraste J, Vedeler A. Reactive oxygen species exert opposite effects on Tyr23 phosphorylation of the nuclear and cortical pools of annexin A2. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:314-28. [PMID: 26644180 PMCID: PMC4732284 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a multi-functional and -compartmental protein whose subcellular localisation and functions are tightly regulated by its post-translational modifications. AnxA2 and its Tyr23-phosphorylated form (pTyr23AnxA2) are involved in malignant cell transformation, metastasis and angiogenesis. Here, we show that H2O2 exerts rapid, simultaneous and opposite effects on the Tyr23 phosphorylation status of AnxA2 in two distinct compartments of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Reactive oxygen species induce dephosphorylation of pTyr23AnxA2 located in the PML bodies of the nucleus, whereas AnxA2 associated with F-actin at the cell cortex is Tyr23 phosphorylated. The H2O2-induced responses in both compartments are transient and the pTyr23AnxA2 accumulating at the cell cortex is subsequently incorporated into vesicles and then released to the extracellular space. Blocking nuclear export by leptomycin B does not affect the nuclear pool of pTyr23AnxA2, but increases the amount of total AnxA2 in this compartment, indicating that the protein might have several functions in the nucleus. These results suggest that Tyr23 phosphorylation can regulate the function of AnxA2 at distinct subcellular sites. Summary: Reactive oxygen species cause two opposite and transient Tyr23-based modifications of annexin A2; its dephosphorylation in the nucleus and phosphorylation at the cell cortex, resulting in release of the protein in exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kari Grindheim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
| | - Hanne Hollås
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
| | - Aase M Raddum
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
| | - Jaakko Saraste
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
| | - Anni Vedeler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
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19
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Annexin A2 and S100A10 in the mammalian oviduct. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:567-77. [PMID: 26329302 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In many mammals, upon entry into the female reproductive tract, a subpopulation of sperm is stored in the oviduct forming a functional reservoir. In the oviducts of pig and cow, Annexin A2 (AnxA2) has been linked to the binding of sperm. This protein may exist as a monomer or bound to S100A10 and both forms are associated with different biological functions. S100A10 has not yet been reported in the oviduct. The objective of this work is to analyze for the presence of S100A10 in the oviduct and to advance the study of AnxA2 and S100A10 in this organ. This work shows the presence of both proteins, AnxA2 and S100A10, in the oviduct of human, pig, cow, cat, dog and rabbit. At least in pig, AnxA2 is found devoid of S100A10 in the outer surface of the apical plasma membrane of oviductal epithelial cells, indicating that it binds to sperm as a monomer or in association with proteins different from S100A10. In the apical cytoplasm of pig oviductal epithelial cells, AnxA2 is associated with S100A10. In primary culture of porcine oviductal cells, the expression of ANXA2 is increased by progesterone, while the expression of S100A10 is increased by progesterone and estradiol. The widespread detection of both proteins in the oviduct of mammals indicates a probable conserved function in this organ. In summary, S100A10 and AnxA2 are widespread in the mammalian oviduct but AnxA2 binds sperm in vivo devoid of S100A10 and may be related to reservoir formation.
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20
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Kpetemey M, Dasgupta S, Rajendiran S, Das S, Gibbs LD, Shetty P, Gryczynski Z, Vishwanatha JK. MIEN1, a novel interactor of Annexin A2, promotes tumor cell migration by enhancing AnxA2 cell surface expression. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:156. [PMID: 26272794 PMCID: PMC4536591 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migration and invasion enhancer 1 (MIEN1) is a novel gene found to be abundantly expressed in breast tumor tissues and functions as a critical regulator of tumor cell migration and invasion to promote systemic metastases. Previous studies have identified post-translational modifications by isoprenylation at the C-terminal tail of MIEN1 to favor its translocation to the inner leaflet of plasma membrane and its function as a membrane-bound adapter molecule. However, the exact molecular events at the membrane interface activating the MIEN1-driven tumor cell motility are vaguely understood. Methods MIEN1 was first studied using in-silico analysis on available RNA sequencing data of human breast tissues and its expression was ascertained in breast cells. We performed several assays including co-immunoprecipitation, wound healing, western blotting and immunofluorescence to decipher the molecular events involved in MIEN1-mediated tumor cell migration. Results Clinically, MIEN1 is predominantly overexpressed in Her-2 and luminal B subtypes of breast tumors, and its increased expression correlates with poor disease free survival. Molecular studies identified a phosphorylation-dependent activation signal in the immunoreceptor tyrosine based activation motif (ITAM) of MIEN1 and the phosphorylation-deficient MIEN1-mutants (Y39F/50 F) to regulate filopodia generation, migration and invasion. We found that ITAM-phosphorylation of MIEN1 is significantly impaired in isoprenylation-deficient MIEN1 mutants indicating that prenylation of MIEN1 and membrane association is required for cross-phosphorylation of tyrosine residues. Furthermore, we identified MIEN1 as a novel interactor of Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a Ca2+ -dependent phospholipid binding protein, which serves as an extracellular proteolytic center regulating plasmin generation. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) confirmed that MIEN1 physically interacts with AnxA2 and functional studies revealed that they mutually cooperate to accentuate tumor cell motility. Interestingly, our study identified that ectopic overexpression of MIEN1 significantly enhances Tyr23-phosphorylation on AnxA2, thereby stimulating cell surface translocation of AnxA2 and catalyzing the activation of its proteolytic activity. Conclusion Our data show that the presence and interaction of both MIEN1 and AnxA2 in breast tumors are crucial drivers of cell motility. Our study has now deciphered a novel regulatory network governing the vicious process of breast tumor cell invasion-metastasis, and findings suggest MIEN1-AnxA2 as prospective targets to counter the deadly disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0428-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Kpetemey
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. .,Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. .,Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Smrithi Rajendiran
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. .,Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. .,Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Lee D Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. .,Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. .,Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Zygmunt Gryczynski
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. .,Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. .,Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. .,Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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